Semantic Analysis
Semantic Analysis — 1 Corinthians (English → Hindi)
Methodology
This document analyzes 1 Corinthians in the original Koine Greek, chapter by chapter, front to back, identifying every load-bearing theological term. For each term the following fields are given where applicable: Greek original (transliteration), literal meaning, semantic range / English variants, contextual theological meaning, and destination-language (Hindi) rendering risk.
Per the Hard Rules governing this pipeline: any term already recorded in the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json is reused exactly — its baseline Hindi rendering, transliteration, and risk tier are restated here for completeness but never altered. New terms proposed for 1 Corinthians are flagged for provisional risk tier and MUST be logged to translation_memory.json in Phase 2 per the Load-and-Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions (Critical / High / Medium / Low).
PART 1 — Core Passage Verse-by-Verse: 1 Corinthians 15:1-11
This is the theological anchor of the curriculum: Paul’s summary of the apostolic gospel tradition and the resurrection appearances that authenticate it.
15:1 — Γνωρίζω δὲ ὑμῖν, ἀδελφοί, τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ὃ εὐηγγελισάμην ὑμῖν, ὃ καὶ παρελάβετε, ἐν ᾧ καὶ ἑστήκατε
“Now I make known to you, brothers, the gospel I preached to you, which you also received, in which you stand.”
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning in context | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion) good announcement | good news, gospel, message | The fixed, authoritative apostolic proclamation, not one teaching among several | सुसमाचार (BASELINE — reused exactly) | High (baseline) |
| brothers ἀδελφοί (adelphoi) male siblings | brothers, brethren, fellow believers | Address to the whole congregation, inclusive of women; consistent with baseline brotherly_love family | भाइयों | Low |
| received παρελάβετε (parelabete) took/received alongside | received (tradition), accepted | Technical term for receiving fixed apostolic tradition (paired with v.3’s “delivered”) — NOT a private mystical insight | पाया / ग्रहण किया | High — see tradition-transmission note below |
| stand (firm) ἑστήκατε (hestēkate, perfect) have stood, stand | stand firm, are established | Perfect tense: a settled, abiding position in the gospel, not a temporary state | जिस पर तुम स्थिर हो | Medium |
Note: παραλαμβάνω/παραδίδωμι (received/delivered, vv.1,3) form a matched technical pair for verified, fixed, historically-anchored apostolic tradition. This must be distinguished from the Hindu guru-parampara model of living oral lineage, in which teaching may be reinterpreted generation to generation. The gospel Paul “delivers” is fixed content received from eyewitnesses, not an evolving esoteric transmission. Flag for theologian review wherever this transmission-formula recurs.
15:2 — διʼ οὗ καὶ σώζεσθε, τίνι λόγῳ εὐηγγελισάμην ὑμῖν εἰ κατέχετε, ἐκτὸς εἰ μὴ μάτην ἐπιστεύσατε
“by which you are being saved, if you hold fast to the word I preached to you—unless you believed in vain.”
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| saved σώζεσθε (sōzesthe, present passive) are being saved | saved, delivered, rescued | Ongoing, present-tense aspect of salvation as a process worked out through perseverance in the gospel | उद्धार पा रहे हो (BASELINE उद्धार, reused) | Critical (baseline) |
| hold fast κατέχετε (katechete) hold down/retain | hold fast, retain, keep firmly | Perseverance in the received gospel content, not passive belief | पकड़े रहो | Medium |
| believed ἐπιστεύσατε (episteusate) trusted, believed | believed, had faith | Object is the gospel content itself | विश्वास किया (BASELINE विश्वास, reused) | High (baseline) |
| in vain μάτην (matēn) uselessly, for nothing | in vain, worthless | Warns that mere assent without perseverance in true gospel content is worthless | व्यर्थ (consistent with baseline died_in_vain/nullify_grace pattern) | Medium |
15:3 — παρέδωκα γὰρ ὑμῖν ἐν πρώτοις, ὃ καὶ παρέλαβον, ὅτι Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν κατὰ τὰς γραφάς
“For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures”
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| delivered παρέδωκα (paredōka) handed over/down | delivered, passed on, transmitted | Paired with “received” (v.1) — the fixed apostolic creed being cited (likely pre-Pauline confessional formula) | सौंप दिया | High — same tradition-transmission caution as v.1 |
| of first importance ἐν πρώτοις (en prōtois) among first things | first of all, of primary importance | Marks this creed as the non-negotiable center of the gospel | पहले दर्जे पर / सबसे मुख्य रूप से | Medium |
| Christ died for our sins Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν Christ died on behalf of our sins | substitutionary death for sins | Substitutionary atonement; consistent with baseline gave_himself_for_me pattern (direction: God/Christ to sinner, not sinner to deity) | मसीह हमारे पापों के लिये मरा | Critical |
| sins ἁμαρτιῶν (hamartiōn) sins | sin, transgression | BASELINE पाप reused; moral transgression before a personal God, not karma or ritual impurity | पाप (BASELINE, reused) | High (baseline) |
| according to the Scriptures κατὰ τὰς γραφάς (kata tas graphas) according to the writings | per Scripture, as foretold | Fulfillment_of_prophecy doctrine (baseline); Scripture = γραφή | पवित्रशास्त्र के अनुसार | High |
15:4 — καὶ ὅτι ἐτάφη, καὶ ὅτι ἐγήγερται τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ κατὰ τὰς γραφάς
“that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures”
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| buried ἐτάφη (etaphē) was buried | buried, entombed | Affirms real, historical, bodily death — anti-docetic detail | गाड़ा गया | Low-Medium |
| raised ἐγήγερται (egēgertai, perfect) has been raised (and remains risen) | raised, resurrected | CRITICAL: perfect tense signals a completed event with abiding result — Christ is risen and remains risen, not merely “was raised once.” Parallel grammatical stakes to baseline crucified_with_christ. | पुनरुत्थान हुआ है (BASELINE पुनरुत्थान, reused; verb form must convey abiding result, never simple past alone) | Critical (baseline) |
| the third day τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ (tē tritē hēmera) on the third day | third day | Specific historical, verifiable timing; fulfillment_of_prophecy | तीसरे दिन | Medium |
15:5 — καὶ ὅτι ὤφθη Κηφᾷ, εἶτα τοῖς δώδεκα
“and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve”
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| appeared ὤφθη (ōphthē, passive of ὁράω) was seen, appeared | appeared, was seen, showed himself | HIGH RISK: must denote an objective, bodily, externally-verifiable appearance to named historical witnesses — NOT a devotee’s subjective vision or दर्शन-experience of a deity. Foundational to the historical-evidence argument of the whole chapter. | दिखाई दिया | High |
| Cephas Κηφᾷ (Kēpha) Peter (Aramaic “rock”) | proper name | Established Hindi Bible form पतरस used in narrative; Cephas transliterated when the Aramaic form is textually significant | कैफा / पतरस | Low |
| the twelve τοῖς δώδεκα (tois dōdeka) the twelve | the Twelve Apostles | Numeric-designation for the apostolic college | बारह चेलों / बारह प्रेरितों को | Low |
15:6 — ἔπειτα ὤφθη ἐπάνω πεντακοσίοις ἀδελφοῖς ἐφάπαξ, ἐξ ὧν οἱ πλείονες μένουσιν ἕως ἄρτι, τινὲς δὲ ἐκοιμήθησαν
“Then he appeared to more than five hundred brothers at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have fallen asleep.”
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| at one time ἐφάπαξ (ephapax) once, at once | at one time, simultaneously | Here means “on one single occasion” — must not be confused with the sacrificial “once-for-all” sense the same word carries elsewhere in the NT | एक ही समय पर | Medium — clarify sense to avoid conflation |
| fallen asleep ἐκοιμήθησαν (ekoimēthēsan) have fallen asleep | died, passed away (euphemism) | Death euphemism awaiting bodily resurrection. Must not be read as an intermediate reincarnation-adjacent “soul-sleep” state within a rebirth cycle. | सो गए / मर गए | Medium |
15:7 — ἔπειτα ὤφθη Ἰακώβῳ εἶτα τοῖς ἀποστόλοις πᾶσιν
“Then he appeared to James, then to all the apostles.”
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James Ἰακώβῳ (Iakōbō) James | proper name (the Lord’s brother) | Historical eyewitness | याकूब | Low |
| apostles ἀποστόλοις (apostolois) sent ones | apostles | BASELINE प्रेरित reused; authorized eyewitness-commissioned messengers | प्रेरित (BASELINE, reused) | Medium (baseline) |
15:8 — ἔσχατον δὲ πάντων ὥσπερ τῷ ἐκτρώματι ὤφθη κἀμοί
“Last of all, as to one untimely born, he appeared also to me.”
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| untimely born ἐκτρώματι (ektrōmati) miscarried/stillborn child | one born out of due time, an aborted/miscarried infant | Vivid self-abasement metaphor for Paul’s unexpected, unworthy late entry into apostleship | असमय जन्मा हुआ / अधूरे समय में जन्मा | Medium — sensitive imagery; native speaker review recommended for tone |
15:9 — ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι ὁ ἐλάχιστος τῶν ἀποστόλων, ὃς οὐκ εἰμὶ ἵκανὸς καλεῖσθαι ἀπόστολος, διότι ἐδίωξα τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ θεοῦ
“For I am the least of the apostles, unworthy to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God.”
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| called καλεῖσθαι (kaleisthai) to be named/called | to be named, to be designated | NOTE: same root as baseline’s divine “called/calling” (κλητός/κλῆσις) but here means simply “to be designated/named” — must render differently (कहलाना) so readers do not over-theologize a mundane naming usage | कहलाना | Medium — consistency caution |
| persecuted ἐδίωξα (ediōxa) pursued, persecuted | persecuted, harassed | Paul’s pre-conversion hostility toward the church | सताया | Low |
| church of God ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ θεοῦ (ekklēsian tou theou) assembly of God | church, congregation | BASELINE कलीसिया reused | परमेश्वर की कलीसिया (BASELINE, reused) | Medium (baseline) |
15:10 — χάριτι δὲ θεοῦ εἰμι ὅ εἰμι, καὶ ἡ χάρις αὐτοῦ ἡ εἰς ἐμὲ οὐ κενὴ ἐγενήθη, ἀλλὰ περισσότερον αὐτῶν πάντων ἐκοπίασα, οὐκ ἐγὼ δὲ ἀλλὰ ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ [ἡ] σὺν ἐμοί
“But by the grace of God I am what I am, and his grace toward me was not in vain. On the contrary, I worked harder than any of them, though it was not I, but the grace of God that is with me.”
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace (×3) χάρις (charis) unmerited favor | grace, unearned gift | BASELINE अनुग्रह reused, CRITICAL every occurrence; must never drift to कृपा here. This verse is the densest grace-statement in the letter — grace precedes AND empowers Paul’s labor; labor is not the ground of the grace. | अनुग्रह (BASELINE, reused) | Critical (baseline) — mandatory theologian review per grace-vs-works escalation rule |
| in vain κενή (kenē) empty | in vain, without effect | Consistent with व्यर्थ pattern | व्यर्थ | Medium |
| worked hard / labored ἐκοπίασα (ekopiasa) toiled | labored, worked hard, exerted effort | Must not be read as meritorious self-effort earning grace — the labor itself flows from and is enabled by grace (grace-labor, not labor-earns-grace) | परिश्रम किया / मेहनत की | Medium-High — pair with grace guardrail |
15:11 — εἴτε οὖν ἐγὼ εἴτε ἐκεῖνοι, οὕτως κηρύσσομεν καὶ οὕτως ἐπιστεύσατε
“Whether then it was I or they, so we preach and so you believed.”
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| preach κηρύσσομεν (kēryssomen) proclaim as a herald | preach, proclaim, announce | Unified apostolic proclamation — all apostles preach the identical gospel content, reinforcing v.1-3’s fixed-tradition point | प्रचार करते हैं | Low-Medium |
| believed ἐπιστεύσατε (episteusate) believed | believed | BASELINE विश्वास reused | विश्वास किया (BASELINE, reused) | High (baseline) |
PART 2 — Chapter-by-Chapter Study of the Whole Book
Chapter 1 — Greeting, Thanksgiving, Divisions, the Cross as Wisdom and Power
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| apostle ἀπόστολος sent one | BASELINE | Delegated authority, not guru role | प्रेरित (BASELINE) | Medium |
| called κλητός summoned | BASELINE | 1:1 apostleship; 1:2,9,24,26 salvation calling | बुलाए हुए (BASELINE) | High |
| saints ἅγιοι holy ones | BASELINE | Corporate designation, not ascetic elite | पवित्र जन (BASELINE) | High |
| grace χάρις unmerited favor | BASELINE | Opening greeting formula, 1:3-4 | अनुग्रह (BASELINE) | High |
| peace εἰρήνη peace | BASELINE | Greeting formula, relational | शांति (BASELINE) | Medium |
| church ἐκκλησία assembly | BASELINE | 1:2 “church of God at Corinth” | कलीसिया (BASELINE) | Medium |
| thanksgiving εὐχαριστία (implied, εὐχαριστῶ) grateful acknowledgment | BASELINE | 1:4 | धन्यवाद (BASELINE) | Low |
| fellowship κοινωνία shared participation | BASELINE | 1:9 “fellowship of his Son” | संगति (BASELINE) | Low |
| division/schism σχίσμα (schisma) tear, split | division, faction, schism | 1:10 — the letter’s opening pastoral crisis; directly grounds the “Christian Unity versus Factionalism” doctrine. In the Indian church context this collides with real caste/community/language-based congregational splits — mistranslation risks softening a live pastoral wound. | फूट | High |
| quarrels ἔρις (eris) strife | quarrels, contention, discord | 1:11 | झगड़ा | Medium |
| Christ divided? μεμέρισται ὁ Χριστός has Christ been divided/split? | rhetorical question | Denies that Christ (and therefore his church) can be partitioned among factions | क्या मसीह बँट गया है? | Medium |
| wisdom σοφία (sophia) wisdom | wisdom, cleverness, sagacity | 1:17,19-22,24,27,30 — God’s wisdom (the cross) vs. worldly/Greek philosophical wisdom. NEW MAJOR TERM. Proposed बुद्धि (not ज्ञान, reserved below for γνῶσις) to avoid the stronger collision with Hindu jñāna-mārga; still requires clarifying notes that biblical σοφία is revealed in a crucified Messiah, not attained by philosophical ascent or meditative insight. | बुद्धि | High |
| foolishness μωρία (mōria) folly | foolishness, absurdity | 1:18,21,23,25 — contrasted with worldly wisdom; the cross as “foolishness” to those perishing | मूर्खता | Low |
| cross σταυρός cross | BASELINE | 1:17-18 “word of the cross” | क्रूस (BASELINE) | Medium |
| power of God δύναμις θεοῦ God’s power | BASELINE | 1:18,24 — power_of_god doctrine core text | परमेश्वर की सामर्थ्य (BASELINE) | High |
| boasting καυχάομαι boast | BASELINE | 1:29,31 — excluded before God | घमण्ड (BASELINE) | Low |
| sign(s) σημεῖον (sēmeion) sign | miraculous sign, proof | 1:22 “Greeks seek wisdom, Jews seek signs” | चिन्ह | Low-Medium |
| stumbling block σκάνδαλον (skandalon) trap, snare | offense, stumbling block | 1:23 “Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews” — consistent with baseline offense_of_the_cross/stumbling_stone pattern | ठोकर का कारण | High |
| name (of Christ) ὄνομα (onoma) name | baptismal/confessional formula | 1:2,10,13,15 — “in the name of Christ” | नाम | Medium |
| baptism βαπτίζω baptism | BASELINE | 1:13-17 | बपतिस्मा (BASELINE) | Medium |
Chapter 2 — The Cross versus Human Wisdom; the Spirit Reveals God’s Wisdom
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| wisdom / mystery σοφία ἐν μυστηρίῳ hidden wisdom | God’s secret wisdom now revealed | 2:1,6-7 | बुद्धि का भेद | High |
| mystery μυστήριον secret now disclosed | BASELINE | Now-revealed secret, not esoteric hidden knowledge | भेद (BASELINE) | Medium |
| Holy Spirit πνεῦμα ἅγιον Spirit | BASELINE | 2:10-13 the Spirit searches and reveals | पवित्र आत्मा (BASELINE) | Critical |
| rulers of this age ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (archontes tou aiōnos toutou) rulers of this age | earthly political rulers OR spiritual/demonic powers (contested) | 2:6,8 — exegetically contested referent; render literally, do not resolve the referent (per israel_of_god precedent) | इस युग के अधिकारी | High — flag contested referent for theologian review |
| natural person ψυχικός ἄνθρωπος (psychikos anthrōpos) soul-ish person | unregenerate, Spirit-less person | 2:14 — the person without the Spirit who cannot receive spiritual things | स्वाभाविक मनुष्य | High — avoid प्राणिक (life-force/prana connotation) |
| spiritual person πνευματικός ἄνθρωπος Spirit-possessing person | Spirit-indwelt believer | 2:15 | आत्मिक मनुष्य | Medium |
| mind of Christ νοῦς Χριστοῦ (nous Christou) Christ’s mind | Christ’s own understanding/perspective | 2:16, quoting Isaiah 40:13 | मसीह की बुद्धि / मसीह का मन | Medium |
| demonstration of Spirit and power ἀπόδειξις πνεύματος καὶ δυνάμεως proof of Spirit and power | Spirit-empowered proclamation, not rhetorical persuasion | 2:4-5 | आत्मा और सामर्थ्य का प्रमाण | Medium |
Chapter 3 — Carnality, Church as Temple, Foundations
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| flesh σάρξ flesh | BASELINE | 3:1,3 — fleshly, immature believers | शरीर (BASELINE) | High |
| carnal / fleshly σαρκικός (sarkikos) of the flesh | fleshly, worldly, immature | 3:1,3 adjective form; keep consistent with शरीर root | शरीर के अनुसार | Medium |
| infants νήπιος (nēpios) infant | spiritual infancy | 3:1; reused 13:11 | बालक | Low |
| jealousy/strife (vice) ζῆλος / ἔρις jealousy, strife | envy, rivalry | 3:3 — NOTE: same ζῆλος root recurs positively at 12:31;14:1,39 — must render vice-sense (डाह) distinctly from positive “earnest desire” sense (उत्साह से चाहना) to avoid conflating virtue and vice | डाह / झगड़ा | Medium |
| fellow workers συνεργός (synergos) co-worker | ministry partnership | 3:9 | सहकर्मी | Low |
| foundation θεμέλιος (themelios) foundation | foundation, base | 3:10-11 — Christ alone | आधार | Low |
| fire (testing) πῦρ (pyr) fire | judgment/testing of works | 3:13-15 | आग से परखा जाना | Medium |
| temple of God ναὸς θεοῦ (naos theou) God’s temple | the church as God’s dwelling | 3:16-17 — HIGH RISK: metaphorical use of मन्दिर for the corporate church risks direct collision with Hindu मंदिर where a deity’s murti is venerated with puja; mandatory translator note distinguishing indwelling-by-a-personal-Spirit from housing-a-venerated-image. Reinforced at 6:19 (individual body as temple). | मन्दिर | High |
| Spirit dwells πνεῦμα θεοῦ οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν God’s Spirit dwells in you | personal, distinct indwelling presence | 3:16 — must remain a distinct divine Person indwelling, not an impersonal pervading presence (advaita-collision guardrail, cf. baseline christ_lives_in_me) | परमेश्वर का आत्मा तुम में रहता है | Critical |
Chapter 4 — Apostolic Stewardship and Fatherhood
| Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal meaning | Semantic range | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| steward | οἰκονόμος (oikonomos) | household manager | steward, manager | 4:1-2; reuses Galatians baseline भण्डारी | भण्डारी (BASELINE) | Low |
| mysteries of God | μυστήρια θεοῦ | God’s secrets | BASELINE भेद | 4:1 | परमेश्वर के भेद (BASELINE) | Medium |
| judge / judgment day | κρίνω / ἡμέρα κυρίου (implied) | judge / the Lord’s day | evaluative judgment; the Lord’s future judgment | 4:3-5 — eschatological accountability | न्याय / प्रभु का दिन | High |
| kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | BASELINE | 4:20 — “not talk but power” | परमेश्वर का राज्य (BASELINE) | Medium | |
| spiritual fatherhood | ἐγέννησα (egennēsa, “I became father”) | I begot/fathered | spiritual paternity through gospel proclamation | 4:15 — must be distinguished from literal biological fathering and from Hindu guru-diksha (initiatory spiritual-lineage) claims of “giving spiritual birth” | सुसमाचार के द्वारा आत्मिक पिता बनना | High — flag for clarifying note vs. guru-diksha framework |
| imitate | μιμηταί (mimētai) | imitators | imitate, follow the example of | 4:16; reused 11:1 | अनुकरण करना | Low |
Chapter 5 — Church Discipline and Holiness
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sexual immorality πορνεία (porneia) fornication | sexual sin generally, here incest | 5:1 — core “Church Discipline and Holiness” text; must not be softened or sensationalized | यौन अनैतिकता / व्यभिचार | High |
| leaven / unleavened ζύμη / ἄζυμος yeast / without yeast | corrupting influence / purity | 5:6-8 — Passover typology for church purity | खमीर / बिना खमीर की रोटी | Low |
| Passover πάσχα (pascha) Passover | Christ our Passover lamb | 5:7 — Christological typology requiring OT Passover background (cf. baseline seed_of_david OT-background note) | फसह | Medium |
| hand over to Satan παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ deliver to Satan | church-discipline formula | 5:5 | शैतान को सौंप देना | Medium |
| Satan Σατανᾶς (Satanas) Satan | personal fallen adversary | Distinct from impersonal evil-principle (māyā) or Hindu asura/rākṣasa mythological beings | शैतान | Medium |
| sincerity and truth εἰλικρίνεια καὶ ἀλήθεια sincerity and truth | genuine, unmixed integrity | 5:8 | खराई और सच्चाई | Low |
| judge those inside/outside κρίνω judge | church’s limited jurisdiction | 5:12-13 | न्याय करना | Medium |
| do not associate συναναμίγνυμι mix together with | keep company with | 5:9,11 | संगति न रखना | Low |
Chapter 6 — Lawsuits, Sexual Purity, the Body as Temple
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lawsuits before unbelievers κρίνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων to be judged before the unrighteous | civil litigation among believers | 6:1-8 | अविश्वासियों के सामने मुक़दमा | Medium |
| saints judge the world οἱ ἅγιοι τὸν κόσμον κρινοῦσιν the saints will judge the world | eschatological vindication of believers | 6:2-3 — striking claim; flag for theologian review re: assurance/eschatology doctrine | पवित्र जन जगत का न्याय करेंगे (BASELINE पवित्र जन reused) | High |
| vice list (kingdom-excluding sins) πόρνοι, μοιχοί, μαλακοί, ἀρσενοκοῖται, κλέπται, μέθυσοι etc. fornicators, adulterers, etc. | catalog of sins excluding from the kingdom | 6:9-10 — sensitive, contested rendering choices (esp. μαλακοί/ἀρσενοκοῖται); must not soften or sensationalize; follow established BSI OV convention where extant | [catalog — see glossary] | High |
| washed, sanctified, justified ἀπελούσασθε, ἡγιάσθητε, ἐδικαιώθητε washed, sanctified, justified | triad of salvation acts | 6:11 — three distinct forensic/transformative acts; must not be conflated. Justification/sanctification BASELINE terms reused. | धोए गए, पवित्र किए गए, धर्मी ठहराए गए (BASELINE for latter two) | Critical |
| body (of believer) σῶμα (sōma) physical body | body, physical self | 6:13,15,19-20 — distinct from σάρξ; render consistently देह | देह | High — consistency-critical |
| one flesh μία σάρξ one flesh | marital union (Gen 2:24 quotation) | 6:16 | एक ही तन | Medium |
| members of Christ μέλη Χριστοῦ limbs/parts of Christ | union with Christ extends to the body | 6:15 | मसीह के अंग | Medium |
| temple of the Holy Spirit ναὸς τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος temple of the Holy Spirit | the individual body as the Spirit’s dwelling | 6:19 — same High risk as 3:16-17’s church-temple entry, applied individually | पवित्र आत्मा का मन्दिर | High |
| bought with a price ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς you were bought at a price | purchased redemption | 6:20; 7:23 — related to but distinct verb from baseline redemption (छुटकारा); must not read as a bare commercial transaction devoid of grace | दाम देकर खरीदे गए | High |
| glorify God in the body δοξάσατε τὸν θεόν ἐν τῷ σώματι glorify God in the body | embodied worship | 6:20; reuses glory baseline | अपनी देह में परमेश्वर की महिमा करो | Medium |
Chapter 7 — Marriage and Singleness
| Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal meaning | Semantic range | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| marriage | γάμος (gamos) | marriage | marriage | Ch. 7 throughout; contrast with Hindu marriage-as-samskara (cosmic/religious duty) framing — Paul treats marriage/singleness pragmatically, eschatologically, not as an obligatory dharmic rite | विवाह | Medium |
| gift (marital state) | χάρισμα (charisma) | gift | God-given capacity for marriage or singleness | 7:7 — distinct sense from ministry spiritual_gifts; per baseline caution, वरदान should not stand alone without qualification | परमेश्वर की ओर से विशेष वरदान | Medium |
| command vs. opinion | ἐπιταγή / γνώμη | command / opinion | apostolic instruction levels | 7:6,25 — Paul distinguishes dominical command from his own Spirit-guided judgment; must preserve this nuance without implying his “opinion” is uninspired or non-authoritative | आज्ञा / मेरी राय | High — theologian review for inspiration_of_scripture interaction |
| divorce/separation | χωρίζω / ἀφίημι | separate / leave | marital separation, divorce | 7:10-15 | अलग होना / छोड़ देना | Medium |
| sanctified (through spouse) | ἡγίασται (hēgiastai) | is sanctified | BASELINE | 7:14 | पवित्र किया गया (BASELINE) | High |
| called (to peace/state) | κλῆσις / κλητός | calling | BASELINE | 7:15,17,20,24 — vocational/providential calling to one’s state in life | बुलाहट / बुलाए हुए (BASELINE) | High |
| circumcision | περιτομή | BASELINE | 7:18-19 | खतना (BASELINE) | Medium | |
| slave / free | δοῦλος / ἐλεύθερος | BASELINE (Galatians extension) | 7:21-23 | दासत्व / दास (BASELINE) | Medium | |
| present distress | ἐνεστῶσα ἀνάγκη | present necessity | current hardship | 7:26 | वर्तमान संकट | Low |
| form of this world | σχῆμα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου | the pattern of this world | passing worldly order | 7:31 | संसार का रूप | Medium |
| undivided devotion | ἀπερισπάστως (aperispastōs) | without distraction | wholehearted devotion | 7:32-35 | अविभाजित मन से सेवा | Low |
| betrothed virgin | παρθένος (parthenos) | virgin | unmarried woman | 7:25-38 | कुँवारी | Low |
| only in the Lord | ἐν κυρίῳ μόνον (implied) | only in the Lord | marriage restricted to believers | 7:39 — sensitive in the Indian interfaith/inter-community marriage context | केवल प्रभु में | High — native speaker review |
Chapter 8 — Idol Meat and Christian Liberty
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| food offered to idols εἰδωλόθυτον (eidōlothyton) idol-sacrificed thing | meat/food offered to idols | Ch. 8,10 core term — direct cultural parallel to Hindu प्रसाद (food offered to a deity then distributed); Paul’s nuanced position (food itself neutral, 8:8; issue is conscience and witness) must not be flattened into either endorsement or crude equivalence with prasad | मूर्तियों को चढ़ाया हुआ भोजन | High |
| knowledge γνῶσις (gnōsis) knowledge | knowledge, understanding | 8:1,7,10-11; also 12:8;13:2,8;14:6 — HIGH RISK: direct collision with Hindu ज्ञान-मार्ग (jñāna-mārga), the liberating self-knowledge path in Vedanta. “Knowledge puffs up, love builds up” (8:1) must not be read as endorsing/critiquing Advaitic self-realization. | ज्ञान | High |
| one God, one Lord εἷς θεός…εἷς κύριος one God…one Lord | monotheistic/Christological confession | 8:4-6 — CRITICAL given India’s polytheistic/pluralist religious landscape; render unqualified, no softening toward “a god among gods” | एक ही परमेश्वर…एक ही प्रभु | Critical |
| idol (is nothing) εἴδωλον (eidōlon) idol | idol, false god-image | 8:4 — connects to baseline idolatry (मूर्तिपूजा) | मूर्ति | High |
| weak conscience ἀσθενὴς συνείδησις (asthenēs syneidēsis) weak conscience | scrupulous, easily-wounded moral awareness | 8:7,10,12 — distinct from baseline weak_in_faith (Romans 14); pairs with baseline conscience (विवेक) | निर्बल विवेक | Medium |
| stumbling block / destroy σκάνδαλον / ἀπόλλυμι trap / destroy, perish | causing a weaker brother to fall / be destroyed | 8:9,11 — “destroy” (ἀπόλλυμι) raises assurance-of-salvation questions; flag for theologian review re: interaction with assurance doctrine | ठोकर का कारण / नाश होना | High |
| sin against Christ ἁμαρτάνειν εἰς Χριστόν sin against Christ | wounding a weak brother = sinning against Christ himself | 8:12; reuses sin baseline | मसीह के विरुद्ध पाप करना | Medium |
Chapter 9 — Paul’s Apostolic Rights and Self-Discipline
| Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal meaning | Semantic range | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| right / authority | ἐξουσία (exousia, “right”) | authority, right | right, entitlement, authority | 8:9;9:4-6,12,18 — distinct from ἐλευθερία (baseline freedom, स्वतंत्रता, Critical). HIGH RISK: Sanskrit अधिकार is also the technical Mimamsa term for ritual entitlement/qualification (often caste-restricted) to perform a rite; must not evoke caste-based ritual qualification. | अधिकार | High |
| law (of Moses) | νόμος | BASELINE | 9:8-9 quoting Deuteronomy | व्यवस्था (BASELINE) | High | |
| sow spiritual, reap material | πνευματικά / σαρκικά | spiritual things / material things | ministry-support principle | 9:11 — distinct sowing-usage from ch.15 and Galatians; flag to avoid conflating with either | आत्मिक बातें बोकर सांसारिक बातें काटना | Medium |
| become all things to all people | πάντα πᾶσιν γέγονα | I have become all things to all | missionary contextual flexibility | 9:19-22 — must not be read as doctrinal compromise or relativism; it is evangelistic adaptability, not truth-compromise | सब लोगों के लिये सब कुछ बन जाना | Medium — native speaker review |
| race / crown | ἀγών / στέφανος (stephanos) | contest / wreath | athletic contest / victor’s wreath | 9:24-27 — Isthmian games background needed; not a royal ruling crown | दौड़ / (अविनाशी) मुकुट | Medium — cultural background gap |
| self-control | ἐγκράτεια (enkrateia) | self-mastery | discipline, self-control | 9:25 | संयम | Low |
| disqualified | ἀδόκιμος (adokimos) | unapproved, rejected on testing | disqualified, failing the test | 9:27 — Paul’s self-warning; flag for theologian review re: assurance_of_salvation doctrine, must not be read as contradicting or as trivializing perseverance | अयोग्य ठहरना | High |
Chapter 10 — Warnings from Israel’s History; Idolatry and the Table of the Lord
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| type / example τύπος (typos) pattern, mold | type, example, warning-pattern | 10:6,11 — do not confuse with baseline दृष्टान्त (reserved for allegory) | उदाहरण | Medium |
| spiritual Rock (Christ) πνευματικῆς πέτρας (pneumatikēs petras) spiritual rock | typological identification of Christ with the wilderness rock | 10:4 “the Rock was Christ” — requires OT background; important Christological typology | आत्मिक चट्टान (मसीह) | High |
| testing/temptation πειρασμός (peirasmos) test, trial | temptation, trial | 10:13 — God provides a way of escape | परीक्षा | Medium |
| idolaters εἰδωλολάτρης idol-worshipper | BASELINE root (मूर्तिपूजा) | 10:7,14 | मूर्तिपूजक | High |
| cup of blessing / participation ποτήριον τῆς εὐλογίας / κοινωνία cup of blessing / participation | Eucharistic fellowship in Christ’s blood | 10:16 — reuses BASELINE संगति (fellowship) in a directly Eucharistic sense | आशीष का कटोरा / लहू में संगति | High |
| table of demons τραπέζης δαιμονίων table of demons | idol-sacrifice meals as demonic fellowship | 10:20-21 | दुष्टात्माओं की मेज़ | High |
| demons δαιμόνιον (daimonion) demon | evil spiritual being | Must be distinguished from Hindu bhoot-pret (भूत-प्रेत, folk ghosts) and mythological asura/rākṣasa; biblical δαιμόνιον = fallen spiritual beings under Satan’s dominion, actually receiving idol-offerings despite idols being “nothing” | दुष्टात्मा | High |
| provoke to jealousy παραζηλοῦμεν τὸν κύριον provoke the Lord to jealousy | God’s righteous jealousy for exclusive worship | 10:22 — must be distinguished from human vice-jealousy (ch.3); render with a distinct qualifier | परमेश्वर को जलन दिलाना (धार्मिक अर्थ में) | High |
| all things lawful, not all helpful πάντα ἔξεστιν, ἀλλ’ οὐ πάντα συμφέρει all things are permitted, not all profit | Christian liberty framework | 10:23; cf. 6:12 | सब कुछ उचित है, परन्तु सब लाभदायक नहीं | Medium |
| give no offense ἀπρόσκοπος (aproskopos) not causing to stumble | give no offense | 10:32-33 — consistent with ठोकर pattern | किसी को ठोकर न खिलाना | Medium |
Chapter 11 — Head Coverings; the Lord’s Supper
| Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal meaning | Semantic range | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| head / headship | κεφαλή (kephalē) | head | head, source, authority-figure (contested nuance) | 11:3 — Christ/man/woman/God headship chain; sensitive gender-hierarchy interpretive questions; flag for theologian review, record as contested without resolving in the translated text | सिर | High |
| head covering | ἀκατακαλύπτῳ / κατακαλύπτω | uncovered / covered | veiling practice | 11:4-6,13 — culturally live practice in India (many women culturally cover heads); native speaker review to avoid unintended over-sanctification of a cultural custom | सिर ढकना / बिना ढके सिर | Medium |
| glory | δόξα | BASELINE | 11:7,15 “glory of man/woman” | महिमा (BASELINE) | High | |
| image (of God) | εἰκών (eikōn) | image, likeness | image, representation | 11:7; 15:49 — must use प्रतिरूप, NEVER मूर्ति (idol-image), given the letter’s extensive idol-polemic elsewhere | प्रतिरूप | High |
| nature (teaches) | φύσις (physis) | nature | natural order argument | 11:14 | स्वभाव | Low-Medium |
| Lord’s Supper / Lord’s table | κυριακὸν δεῖπνον / τράπεζα κυρίου | the Lord’s dinner/table | the sacramental meal | 11:20 — core “Lord’s Supper” doctrine term; must be distinguished from an ordinary shared meal and from Hindu communal prasad-sharing ritual meals | प्रभु का भोज | High |
| body (of Christ, given) | σῶμά μου | my body [given for you] | sacrificial, substitutionary self-giving | 11:24 — reuse देह consistently | मेरी देह | Critical |
| blood (of Christ) | αἷμα (haima) | blood | Christ’s covenant/atoning blood | 10:16;11:25,27 — established Christian term लहू, distinct from generic खून | लहू | Medium |
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη | new covenant | BASELINE वाचा extended | 11:25 | नई वाचा (BASELINE वाचा reused) | High |
| remembrance | ἀνάμνησις (anamnēsis) | remembrance, memorial | ”do this in remembrance of me” | 11:24-25 — must be distinguished from repetitive devotional नाम-स्मरण/जप (mantra-recitation); this is covenant memorial, not repetitive chanting | स्मरण | Medium |
| proclaim (the Lord’s death) | καταγγέλλετε (katangellete) | announce, proclaim | proclaim publicly | 11:26 | घोषित करते हो / प्रचार करते हो | Low-Medium |
| unworthy manner | ἀναξίως (anaxiōs) | unworthily | in an unworthy manner | 11:27 | अनुचित रीति से | Medium |
| examine oneself | δοκιμάζω (dokimazō) | test, examine | self-examination before the Table | 11:28 | अपने आप को परखना | Low |
| discerning the body | διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα | discerning/distinguishing the body | recognizing Christ’s body — physical body of Christ or the church-body (contested) | 11:29 — exegetically contested referent; render literally, record alternatives, do not resolve | देह को परखना / भेद करना | High |
| judgment / sleep (as consequence) | κρίμα / ἀσθενεῖς / κοιμῶνται | judgment / weak / asleep | divine covenant-discipline for unworthy participation | 11:30 — must be distinguished from impersonal karma-retribution; this is personal divine discipline within covenant relationship, not automatic cosmic cause-effect | दण्ड / निर्बल / सो गए हैं | High |
Chapter 12 — Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
| Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal meaning | Semantic range | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jesus is Lord | Ἰησοῦς κύριος (implied confession) | Jesus [is] Lord | salvation confession | 12:3 — CRITICAL, must be rendered exactly as the baseline’s Romans 10:9 formula: यीशु प्रभु है, verbatim-consistent across documents | यीशु प्रभु है (BASELINE formula, reused) | Critical |
| spiritual gifts | πνευματικά / χαρίσματα | BASELINE | 12:1,4 | आत्मिक वरदान (BASELINE) | Medium | |
| word of wisdom / word of knowledge | λόγος σοφίας / λόγος γνώσεως | message of wisdom / message of knowledge | Spirit-given gifts of speech | 12:8 — reuse बुद्धि / ज्ञान entries above | बुद्धि का वचन / ज्ञान का वचन | High |
| healing(s) | ἰάματα (iamata) | healings | gift of healing | 12:9,28 | चंगाई | Low |
| workings of power / miracles | δυνάμεις (dynameis) | powerful deeds | miracles | 12:10,28 — reuse सामर्थ्य root, never शक्ति | सामर्थ्य के काम | Medium |
| distinguishing of spirits | διάκρισις πνευμάτων | discernment of spirits | discerning true/false spiritual sources | 12:10 — must be distinguished from occult/astrological spirit-discernment or “third eye” practices | आत्माओं को परखने का वरदान | Medium |
| tongues | γλῶσσαι (glōssai) | tongues, languages | Spirit-given languages | 12:10,28,30; ch.14 — HIGH RISK: risk of conflation with trance/possession phenomena (आवेश) in some Hindu/folk religious contexts; must be presented as intelligible-but-unknown Spirit-given language under the speaker’s self-control, never as involuntary possession-babbling | अन्य भाषाएँ / भाषाओं में बोलना | High |
| interpretation of tongues | ἑρμηνεία γλωσσῶν | interpretation of tongues | translating the gift of tongues | 12:10,30; ch.14 | भाषाओं का अर्थ बताना | Medium |
| one body, many members | ἓν σῶμα, πολλὰ μέλη | one body, many members | corporate unity-in-diversity | 12:12-27 — reuses BASELINE body_of_christ; central “Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ” text | मसीह की देह, बहुत से अंग (BASELINE मसीह की देह reused) | High |
| baptized into one body | ἐβαπτίσθημεν εἰς ἓν σῶμα | baptized into one body | Spirit-baptism into corporate unity | 12:13; reuse बपतिस्मा | एक ही देह में बपतिस्मा पाया | Medium |
| helps | ἀντίλημψις (antilēmpsis) | assistance | gift of helping | 12:28 | सहायता के काम | Low |
| administration | κυβέρνησις (kybernēsis) | steering, governance | gift of administration | 12:28 | प्रबंध के काम | Low |
| earnestly desire (positive zeal) | ζηλοῦτε (zēloute) | be zealous for | eagerly desire | 12:31; 14:1,39 — positive sense of the same root rendered negatively (डाह) at 3:3; must render distinctly | उत्साह से चाहना | Medium |
Chapter 13 — Love as the Greater Way
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| love ἀγάπη (agapē) selfless love | love, charity, devoted love | Chapter 13 throughout — THE central term of this doctrine. CRITICAL: प्रेम in Hindu bhakti tradition (esp. Krishna-bhakti, Chaitanya Vaishnavism’s prema-bhakti) denotes intense romantic/devotional divine-human love, at times eroticized poetically and associated with ego-dissolving mystical union with the beloved deity. 1 Corinthians 13’s ἀγάπη is a selfless, others-oriented, ethically-defined covenant love expressed in concrete behavior (patience, kindness, not envying, etc.), not primarily mystical absorption or romantic passion. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence with an accompanying translator note distinguishing ethical/relational agapē-love from prema-bhakti’s romantic/mystical connotations. | प्रेम | Critical |
| patient / kind μακροθυμεῖ / χρηστεύεται is long-suffering / is kind | patience, kindness | 13:4 | धीर्यवन्त / कृपालु | Low |
| not jealous, boastful, arrogant, rude οὐ ζηλοῖ, οὐ περπερεύεται, οὐ φυσιοῦται, οὐκ ἀσχημονεῖ is not jealous…not arrogant | vice-negations | 13:4-5 — third occurrence of ζῆλος-root, again vice-sense; keep distinct from positive ζηλόω | डाह नहीं करता / घमण्ड नहीं करता | Medium |
| not self-seeking, not easily angered οὐ ζητεῖ τὰ ἑαυτῆς, οὐ παροξύνεται does not seek its own, is not provoked | selflessness, patience under provocation | 13:5 | अपना ही भला नहीं चाहता / झट क्रोधित नहीं होता | Low |
| bears, believes, hopes, endures all things πάντα στέγει, πάντα πιστεύει, πάντα ἐλπίζει, πάντα ὑπομένει endures/covers, believes, hopes, endures | comprehensive perseverance in love | 13:7 | सब कुछ सह लेता, सब कुछ विश्वास करता, सब कुछ आशा रखता, सब कुछ धारण करता है | Medium |
| love never fails ἡ ἀγάπη οὐδέποτε πίπτει love never falls | permanence of love | 13:8 | प्रेम कभी टलता नहीं | Low |
| mirror dimly ἐν αἰνίγματι (en ainigmati) in a riddle | obscurely, indirectly | 13:12 idiom; translate meaning not image literally | धुंधले ढंग से | Low-Medium |
| know fully ἐπιγνώσομαι (epignōsomai) I will fully know | complete eschatological knowledge | 13:12 — contrasts positively with the cautioned partial γνῶσις of ch.8; note the term’s dual usage across the letter so students see growth, not contradiction | पूरी तरह जान लूँगा | Medium |
| hope ἐλπίς (elpis) hope | confident expectation | 13:13; 15:19 — NEW TERM. Must be distinguished from generic optimism and from fatalistic karma-acceptance (“what will be will be”); Christian hope is confident expectation grounded in a specific divine promise (the resurrection) | आशा | Medium |
| faith, hope, love — greatest is love πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη…μείζων…ἡ ἀγάπη faith, hope, love…greatest is love | the triad; love’s primacy | 13:13 — faith BASELINE विश्वास reused | विश्वास, आशा, प्रेम…इन में सबसे बड़ा प्रेम है | Critical |
Chapter 14 — Order in Worship: Tongues and Prophecy
| Terms | Variants | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| edify / build up οἰκοδομέω (oikodomeō) build a house | edify, strengthen | Pervasive throughout ch.14 (and 8:1); ties to baseline mutual_edification doctrine, no prior specific TM term — proposed उन्नति करना / निर्माण करना | उन्नति करना | Medium |
| tongues / prophecy (comparative value) γλῶσσαι / προφητεία BASELINE + new (see ch.12) | 14:1-25 | Reuse tongues entry (High) + baseline भविष्यवाणी | अन्य भाषाएँ / भविष्यवाणी (BASELINE) | High |
| interpreter required ἑρμηνεύς / διερμηνεύω interpreter / interpret | orderly practice of tongues | 14:5,13,27-28 | अनुवादक / अर्थ बताना | Medium |
| unbeliever falls down, worships πίπτων προσκυνήσει τῷ θεῷ falling down, will worship God | conviction leading to worship | 14:24-25; reuses BASELINE आराधना | गिरकर परमेश्वर की आराधना करेगा (BASELINE आराधना reused) | High |
| God of peace, not confusion οὐ ἀκαταστασίας θεός ἀλλὰ εἰρήνης not a God of disorder but of peace | orderly, harmonious worship | 14:33 — NOTE distinct sense of “peace” here (harmony/order) from baseline peace_with_god (relational reconciliation); flag to avoid conflating the two senses of शांति | शांति | Medium |
| decently and in order εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν properly and in order | orderly worship | 14:40 — MUST use क्रम (sequence/order), NEVER व्यवस्था, which baseline reserves exclusively for Torah/Mosaic Law | भली रीति से और क्रम से | High — consistency guard against व्यवस्था collision |
| women keep silent (contested) γυναῖκες…σιγάτωσαν let women be silent | disputed instruction, textual/interpretive controversy | 14:34-35 — HIGHLY CONTESTED passage (textual placement varies in manuscripts; interpretive debate ongoing); render literally without resolving the controversy in the translated text, per israel_of_god precedent; flag for mandatory theologian review | स्त्रियाँ चुप रहें (literal, contested — do not resolve) | Critical |
Chapter 15 — The Resurrection of Christ and Believers (vv. 12-58; vv. 1-11 treated as core passage above)
| Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal meaning | Semantic range | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| resurrection (denied by some) | ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν | resurrection of the dead | BASELINE, denial refuted | 15:12-19 | पुनरुत्थान (BASELINE) | Critical |
| in vain (faith/preaching) | κενόν / κενή | empty | if no resurrection, faith/preaching are empty | 15:14,17; reuse व्यर्थ pattern | व्यर्थ | Medium |
| most pitiable | ἐλεεινότεροι (eleeinoteroi) | most pitiable | 15:19 — hope confined to this life alone | सबसे तरस योग्य | Low | |
| firstfruits | ἀπαρχή (aparchē) | first portion | BASELINE | 15:20,23 — Christ as firstfruits guaranteeing the full harvest of resurrection | पहले फल (BASELINE) | Medium |
| the end / kingdom delivered | τὸ τέλος…παραδιδῷ τὴν βασιλείαν | the end…delivers the kingdom | eschatological consummation | 15:24 | अन्त…राज्य सौंप देगा | Medium |
| last enemy: death | ὁ ἔσχατος ἐχθρός, ὁ θάνατος | the last enemy, death | Christ’s final eschatological victory | 15:26 | अन्तिम शत्रु मृत्यु | Medium |
| Son subjected to God | ὑποταγήσεται καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ υἱός | the Son himself will be subjected | eschatological functional submission of the Son | 15:28 — HIGH RISK for deity_of_christ/sonship_of_christ doctrines; must be handled so functional/economic submission is not read as ontological inferiority or diminished deity; flag mandatory theologian review | पुत्र स्वयं भी अधीन हो जाएगा | Critical |
| baptism for the dead | βαπτιζόμενοι ὑπὲρ τῶν νεκρῶν | those baptized for/on behalf of the dead | notoriously difficult, disputed practice/argument | 15:29 — do not resolve the interpretive controversy; render literally and flag for theologian review, consistent with baptism_for_the_dead’s status as one of the most contested verses in the NT | मरे हुओं के लिये बपतिस्मा लेनेवाले | Critical |
| bad company corrupts good morals | φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρηστὰ ὁμιλίαι κακαί | evil companionships corrupt good character | ethical proverb (quoting Menander) | 15:33 | बुरी संगति भले चालचलन को बिगाड़ देती है | Low |
| sown / raised (seed analogy) | σπείρεται / ἐγείρεται | is sown / is raised | resurrection-transformation analogy | 15:36-44 — DISTINCT from Galatians’ moral sowing-and-reaping (कर्म-फल collision term); here the metaphor concerns bodily transformation continuity, not moral cause-effect; flag to prevent students conflating the two distinct Pauline “sowing” metaphors across the curriculum | बोया जाता है / उठाया जाता है | High |
| perishable / imperishable | φθαρτός / ἄφθαρτος | corruptible / incorruptible | mortal, decaying body vs. resurrection body | 15:42,50,52-54; also 9:25 | नाशवान / अविनाशी | Critical — अविनाशी is also the classical Sanskrit/Gita epithet for the ātman’s inherent eternal indestructibility (Bhagavad Gita 2:17-25); mandatory translator note distinguishing Paul’s future, God-conferred, bodily imperishability from the Gita’s doctrine of the soul’s already-existing inherent immortality needing no resurrection |
| natural body / spiritual body | σῶμα ψυχικόν / σῶμα πνευματικόν | soul-ish body / spirit-ish body | present mortal body / resurrection body | 15:44 | स्वाभाविक देह / आत्मिक देह | High |
| last Adam | ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ | last Adam | Christ as second/last representative man | 15:45 — parallels baseline federal_headship (प्रतिनिधि प्रधानता); requires OT Genesis background | अन्तिम आदम | High |
| image (heavenly man) | εἰκών (eikōn) | image | bearing Christ’s resurrection image | 15:49; reuse ch.11 प्रतिरूप entry | प्रतिरूप | High |
| flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom | σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα βασιλείαν θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται | flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom | present mortal humanity as such cannot enter the eschaton unchanged | 15:50 | शरीर और लहू परमेश्वर के राज्य के वारिस नहीं हो सकते | Medium |
| mystery (transformation) | μυστήριον | BASELINE भेद | 15:51 “we shall be changed” | भेद (BASELINE) | Medium | |
| mortal / immortality | θνητός / ἀθανασία | subject to death / deathlessness | resurrection body’s undying quality | 15:53-54 — CRITICAL: अमरता also directly names the Hindu doctrine of the soul’s (ātman’s) inherent immortality (no resurrection needed, since the soul never truly dies). Paul teaches a future, bodily, God-conferred immortality granted at resurrection, categorically different from the Gita’s metaphysic. Mandatory translator note and theologian review on every occurrence. | मरणधर्मी / अमरता | Critical |
| swallowed up in victory | κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος | death is swallowed up in victory | quoting Isaiah 25:8/Hosea 13:14 | 15:54-55 | मृत्यु जय से निगल ली गई | Medium |
| sting of death; sin, law | τὸ κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου…ἡ ἁμαρτία…ὁ νόμος | sting of death…sin…the law | death’s power rooted in sin, sin’s power in the law | 15:56 — reuse baseline sin (पाप) and law (व्यवस्था) | मृत्यु का डंक…पाप…व्यवस्था (BASELINE terms reused) | High |
| victory (through Christ) | νῖκος (nikos) | victory | triumph granted by God through Christ | 15:57; reuse thanksgiving baseline धन्यवाद | विजय | Medium |
| labor not in vain | ὁ κόπος ὑμῶν οὐκ ἔστιν κενός | your labor is not empty | assurance that gospel-labor has abiding significance | 15:58; reuse व्यर्थ | तुम्हारा परिश्रम व्यर्थ नहीं है | Low-Medium |
Chapter 16 — Collection, Closing Instructions, Greetings
| Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal meaning | Semantic range | Theological meaning | Hindi rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| collection (for the saints) | λογία (logia) | collection | offering, contribution | 16:1-4; reuse saints BASELINE | पवित्र जनों के लिये चढ़ावा (BASELINE पवित्र जन reused) | Low-Medium |
| act like men / be courageous | ἀνδρίζεσθε (andrizesthe) | act manly | be courageous, stand firm | 16:13 — Greek idiom for courage; gendered wording requires careful, natural Hindi rendering that conveys courage without implying an exclusively male exhortation; flag for gender-language handling and native speaker review | हियाव बान्धो / दृढ़ रहो | Medium |
| do everything in love | πάντα ἐν ἀγάπῃ γινέσθω | let all things be done in love | closing summary ethic | 16:14; reuse ch.13 प्रेम entry | सब कुछ प्रेम में किया जाए | Critical (per ch.13 love entry) |
| submit (to such people) | ὑποτάσσω (hypotassō) | place under, submit | voluntary submission to recognized ministry leaders | 16:16; connects to headship (ch.11) and governing_authorities (Romans baseline) themes | ऐसों के अधीन रहो | Medium |
| holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | holy kiss | cultural greeting practice | 16:20 — cultural adaptation question; native speaker review for how to render meaningfully in the Indian greeting-custom context | पवित्र चुम्बन | Low-Medium |
| anathema | ἀνάθεμα | curse-sentence | BASELINE (Galatians extension) | 16:22 “if anyone has no love for the Lord, let him be anathema” — DIRECT BASELINE MATCH, confirming reuse | शापित हो (BASELINE, reused) | High |
| Marana tha | Μαρανα θά (Aramaic) | Our Lord, come! | Aramaic liturgical acclamation | 16:22 — preserve transliteration per the Abba precedent | मरनाथा | Medium |
| grace | χάρις | BASELINE | 16:23 closing benediction | अनुग्रह (BASELINE) | High | |
| my love be with you | ἡ ἀγάπη μου μεθ’ ὑμῶν | my love be with you all | closing affection | 16:24; reuse ch.13 प्रेम entry | मेरा प्रेम तुम सब के साथ रहे | Critical |
Summary of Full-Book Coverage
All sixteen chapters of 1 Corinthians have been reviewed. Chapters 1, 3, 5-15 introduce substantial new theological vocabulary requiring fresh risk assessment (documented above). Chapters 2, 4, 6-16 combine new vocabulary with extensive reuse of baseline Romans/Galatians terms (gospel, grace, faith, called, saints, church, holy_spirit, sanctification, justification, law, sin, glory, boasting, baptism, circumcision, kingdom_of_god, fellowship, resurrection, firstfruits, anathema, covenant). No chapter was found to contain zero load-bearing content; even Chapter 16’s greetings carry the Critical love-term and the direct anathema baseline match. This satisfies the full-book coverage mandate.
See 08_core_glossary.md for the consolidated per-term glossary table.