Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Exodus (English → Hindi)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the core passage (Exodus 12:1-14) and every chapter of Exodus 1-40. Terms already fixed in the baseline translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and MUST use the exact recorded Hindi rendering. New terms introduced by Exodus are marked [NEW] and are proposed here for addition to the translation memory before Phase 2 begins.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json framework: Critical (theologian review, every occurrence) / High (theologian review) / Medium (native speaker review) / Low (automated review).
A. Core Passage Terms (Exodus 12:1-14)
| # | English term | Hebrew (translit.) | Hindi rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Baseline status | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | LORD (YHWH) | יהוה (YHWH) | यहोवा | Yahovā | Critical | [NEW] | throughout | Never substitute प्रभु for the Tetragrammaton; distinct from परमेश्वर (generic God). |
| 2 | I AM WHO I AM | אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה (ehyeh asher ehyeh) | मैं हूँ जो मैं हूँ | maiṃ hūṃ jo maiṃ hūṃ | Critical | [NEW] | 3 | Highest-risk term in the book; guard against advaitic “I am Brahman” collapse. |
| 3 | congregation | עֵדָה (edah) | सारी मण्डली | sārī maṇḍalī | Medium | [NEW] | 12, 19 | Corporate covenant assembly, not a crowd. |
| 4 | lamb (Passover) | שֶׂה (seh) | मेम्ना | mem’nā | Critical | [NEW] | 12 | Typological ancestor of “Lamb of God.” |
| 5 | household | בֵּית אָב (beit av) | घराना | gharānā | Low | [NEW] | 12 | Consistent with baseline household_of_faith family. |
| 6 | without defect | תָּמִים (tamim) | निर्दोष / निष्कलंक | nirdoṣa / niṣkalaṅka | High | [NEW] | 12 | Typifies Christ’s sinlessness (1 Pet 1:19). |
| 7 | slaughter | שָׁחַט (shachat) | बलि करना | bali karanā | High | [NEW] | 12 | Must not be softened into a bloodless “offering.” |
| 8 | blood | דָּם (dam) | लहू | lahū | Critical | [NEW] | throughout | Sacrificial register, distinct from generic रक्त. |
| 9 | doorframe (doorpost/lintel) | מְזוּזָה / מַשְׁקוֹף | द्वार की चौकी / ऊपरी बाड़ | dvāra kī caukī / ūparī bāṛa | Low | [NEW] | 12 | Architectural vocabulary. |
| 10 | unleavened bread | מַצָּה (matzah) | अखमीरी रोटी | akhamīrī roṭī | Medium | [NEW] | 12, 13, 23 | Symbolic seed for NT leaven=sin motif. |
| 11 | bitter herbs | מְרֹרִים (merorim) | कड़वी सागपात | kaṛvī sāgapāt | Low | [NEW] | 12 | Sensory memorial of bondage. |
| 12 | haste | חִפָּזוֹן (chippazon) | उतावली से | utāvalī se | Low | [NEW] | 12 | Imminence of deliverance. |
| 13 | Passover | פֶּסַח (pesach) | फसह | phasaha | Critical | [NEW] | 12 | Event, feast, and lamb all share this root; cf. 1 Cor 5:7. |
| 14 | pass through (judgment) | עָבַר (avar) | बीच से गुज़रना | bīca se guzaranā | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | Distinguish from pasach (pass over, protectively). |
| 15 | strike | נָכָה (nakah) | मार डालना | māra ḍālanā | High | [NEW] | 12 | Preserve personal divine agency. |
| 16 | firstborn | בְּכוֹר (bekhor) | पहलौठा | pahalauṭhā | High | [NEW] | 4, 11, 12, 13, 34 | Consistency required across all occurrences; feeds Col 1:18 typology. |
| 17 | judgment | מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat) | दण्ड / न्याय | daṇḍa / nyāya | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | Judicial, not arbitrary. |
| 18 | gods of Egypt | אֱלֹהֵי מִצְרַיִם | मिस्र के देवता | Misra ke devatā | High | [NEW] | 12 | देवता (false gods), never परमेश्वर — keeps categorical distinction from the true God intact. |
| 19 | ”I am the LORD” | אֲנִי יהוה (ani YHWH) | मैं यहोवा हूँ | maiṃ Yahovā hūṃ | Critical | [NEW] | throughout | Recurring self-disclosure refrain; wording must stay fixed. |
| 20 | sign | אוֹת (ot) | चिन्ह | cinha | High | [NEW] | 4, 7-11, 12, 13, 31 | Never a magical omen (शगुन); a covenant marker God himself interprets. |
| 21 | pass over (protectively) | פָּסַח (pasach) | लांघ जाना / बचा लेना | lāṅgha jānā / bacā lenā | Critical | [NEW] | 12 | Root of “Passover”; distinguish from avar (v.12). |
| 22 | plague | נֶגֶף (negeph) | विपत्ति / महामारी | vipatti / mahāmārī | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | The tenth plague’s specific instrument. |
| 23 | memorial | זִכָּרוֹן (zikkaron) | स्मरण / स्मारक | smaraṇa / smāraka | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | Ritual remembrance, not mere record. |
| 24 | festival | חַג (chag) | पर्व / उत्सव | parva / utsava | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 12, 13, 23 | One of Israel’s fixed annual feasts. |
| 25 | lasting ordinance | חֻקַּת עוֹלָם (chuqqat olam) | सदा का विधान | sadā kā vidhāna | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | Perpetual, generational obligation. |
B. Whole-Book Terms (Chapters 1-40)
| # | English term | Hebrew (translit.) | Hindi rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Baseline status | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | affliction/hard labor | עִנּוּי / סִבְלוֹת | दासत्व का दुःख | dāsatva kā duḥkha | Medium | [NEW] | 1 | Background for “Deliverance from Bondage to Sin.” |
| 27 | fear God | יָרְא אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים | परमेश्वर का भय मानना | Parameśvara kā bhaya mānanā | High | [NEW] | 1, 18, 20 | Reverent moral allegiance, not terror. |
| 28 | multiply/be fruitful | רָבָה / פָּרָה | बढ़ना / फलना | baḍhanā / phalanā | Low | [NEW] | 1 | Echoes Abrahamic covenant blessing. |
| 29 | God remembered his covenant | זָכַר אֶת־בְּרִיתוֹ | अपनी वाचा को स्मरण करना | apanī vācā ko smaraṇa karanā | High | Ties to [BASELINE REUSE: वाचा] | 2, 6, 24 | Active, faithfulness-driven remembrance. |
| 30 | covenant | בְּרִית (berith) | वाचा | vācā | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 2, 6, 19, 20, 24, 34 | Reuse exactly per baseline. |
| 31 | groaning/cry | נְאָקָה / צְעָקָה | कराहना / दोहाई देना | karāhanā / dohāī denā | Medium | [NEW] | 2 | Suffering heard by a personal God. |
| 32 | burning bush | סְנֶה (seneh) | झाड़ी | jhāṛī | Low | [NEW] | 3 | Vehicle of theophany. |
| 33 | holy ground | אַדְמַת־קֹדֶשׁ | पवित्र भूमि | pavitra bhūmi | Medium | Ties to [BASELINE REUSE: पवित्र] | 3 | God’s presence sanctifies space. |
| 34 | holy/holiness | קָדוֹשׁ / קֹדֶשׁ (qadosh/qodesh) | पवित्र | pavitra | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | throughout | Reuse exactly per baseline. |
| 35 | let my people go | שַׁלַּח (shalach) | जाने दे | jāne de | High | [NEW] | 4, 5, 7-10 | Consistent wording required across the refrain. |
| 36 | harden the heart (three roots) | חִזֵּק / כָּבֵד / הִקְשָׁה (chazaq/kaved/qashah) | कठोर करना / भारी होना | kaṭhora karanā / bhārī honā | High | [NEW] | 4, 7-11, 14 | Do not flatten three distinct Hebrew roots into one Hindi verb; theologian review. |
| 37 | ”Who is the LORD?” | מִי יהוה (mi YHWH) | यहोवा कौन है? | Yahovā kaun hai? | High | [NEW] | 5 | Pharaoh’s open defiance of the covenant Name. |
| 38 | El Shaddai | אֵל שַׁדַּי | सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर | sarvaśaktimāna Parameśvara | Medium | [NEW] | 6 | Progressive Name self-disclosure, not competing deities. |
| 39 | redeem (ga’al) | גָּאַל (ga’al) | छुटकारा देना | chuṭakārā denā | High | [BASELINE REUSE: redemption] | 6, 13 | NEVER मुक्ति/मोक्ष. |
| 40 | redeem (padah) | פָּדָה (padah) | छुटकारा देना / मूल्य देकर छुड़ाना | chuṭakārā denā / mūlya dekara chuṛānā | High | Ties to [BASELINE REUSE: redemption] | 13 | Distinct Hebrew root, same doctrine — ransoming what is consecrated. |
| 41 | signs and wonders | אֹתוֹת וּמוֹפְתִים | चिन्ह और अद्भुत काम | cinha aura adbhuta kāma | High | [NEW] | 7-11 | Standard paired formula; not generic चमत्कार alone. |
| 42 | ”no one like me in all the earth” | אֵין כָּמֹנִי בְּכׇל־הָאָרֶץ | मेरे तुल्य कोई नहीं | mere tulya koī nahīṃ | High | [NEW] | 9 | Unqualified incomparability; anti-polytheistic polemic. |
| 43 | ”that you may know I am the LORD” | לְמַעַן תֵּדְעוּן כִּי אֲנִי יהוה | कि तुम जान लो कि मैं यहोवा हूँ | ki tuma jāna lo ki maiṃ Yahovā hūṃ | Critical | [NEW] | 6, 7, 8, 10, 14 | Recurring refrain; wording fixed. |
| 44 | favor (chen, horizontal) | חֵן (chen) | कृपा | kṛpā | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE: kindness_of_god] | 11 | Non-salvific, human-to-human goodwill sense. |
| 45 | favor/grace (chen, vertical) | חֵן (chen) | अनुग्रह | anugraha | High | [BASELINE REUSE: grace] | 33 | Unmerited-standing sense (Moses “found grace”). |
| 46 | leaven | חָמֵץ (chametz) | खमीर | khamīra | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | NT symbol of corrupting sin. |
| 47 | cut off (from Israel) | נִכְרְתָה (nikhretah) | इस्राएल से अलग कर दिया जाना | Isrāela se alaga kara diyā jānā | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | Covenant boundary/discipline. |
| 48 | mixed multitude | עֵרֶב רַב (‘erev rav) | मिली हुई भीड़ | milī huī bhīṛa | Low | [NEW] | 12 | Early Gentile-inclusion hint. |
| 49 | night of vigil | לֵיל שִׁמֻּרִים | जागते रहने की रात | jāgate rahane kī rāta | Medium | [NEW] | 12 | God’s own protective watching. |
| 50 | circumcision | מוּל (mul) | खतना | khatanā | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | 12 | Reuse exactly. |
| 51 | one law for native and stranger | תּוֹרָה אֶחָת | एक ही व्यवस्था | eka hī vyavasthā | High | Ties to [BASELINE REUSE: law] | 12 | No-distinction principle; do not soften. |
| 52 | consecrate to me all firstborn | קַדֶּשׁ־לִי כׇל־בְּכוֹר | मेरे लिये सब पहलौठों को पवित्र ठहरा | mere liye saba pahalauṭhoṃ ko pavitra ṭaharā | High | Ties to [BASELINE REUSE: पवित्र] | 13 | Perpetual dedication law. |
| 53 | pillar of cloud/fire | עַמּוּד עָנָן / עַמּוּד אֵשׁ | बादल का खम्भा / आग का खम्भा | bādala kā khambhā / āga kā khambhā | Medium | [NEW] | 13, 14, 33, 40 | Visible guiding form of God’s presence. |
| 54 | ”the LORD will fight for you” | יהוה יִלָּחֶם לָכֶם | यहोवा तुम्हारी ओर से लड़ेगा | Yahovā tumhārī ora se laṛegā | High | [NEW] | 14 | Salvation is God’s action alone. |
| 55 | salvation (yeshuah) | יְשׂוּעָה (yeshuah) | उद्धार | uddhāra | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 14, 15 | NEVER मुक्ति/मोक्ष. |
| 56 | the sea split | בָּקַע (baqa) | पानी का बँट जाना | pānī kā baṇṭa jānā | Low | [NEW] | 14 | Historical, once-for-all act. |
| 57 | majestic in holiness | נֶאְדָּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ | पवित्रता में महान | pavitratā meṃ mahāna | High | Ties to [BASELINE REUSE: पवित्र, महिमा] | 15 | Awe-inspiring holiness, not only ethical purity. |
| 58 | the LORD who heals | יהוה רֹפְאֶךָ | यहोवा जो तुझे चंगा करता है | Yahovā jo tujhe caṅgā karatā hai | Medium | [NEW] | 15 | Revelatory Name-title. |
| 59 | manna | מָן (man) | मन्ना | mannā | Medium | [NEW] | 16 | Cf. Jn 6 “bread from heaven.” |
| 60 | glory of the LORD | כְּבוֹד יהוה (kevod YHWH) | यहोवा की महिमा | Yahovā kī mahimā | High | [BASELINE REUSE: महिमा] | 16, 24, 33, 40 | Fixed phrase; consistency essential through ch. 40 climax. |
| 61 | Sabbath | שַׁבָּת (shabbat) | सब्त | sabta | Medium | [NEW] | 16, 20, 31 | Established transliteration. |
| 62 | Massah / Meribah | מַסָּה / מְרִיבָה | मस्सा / मरीबा | massā / marībā | Low | [NEW] | 17 | Transliterated place names. |
| 63 | ”The LORD is my Banner” | יהוה נִסִּי | यहोवा निस्सी | Yahovā Nissī | Medium | [NEW] | 17 | Memorial confession of divine victory. |
| 64 | God-fearing, trustworthy men | יִרְאֵי אֱלֹהִים | परमेश्वर का भय माननेवाले | Parameśvara kā bhaya mānanevāle | High | Ties to [NEW: fear God] | 18 | Leadership qualification, not caste/birth-status. |
| 65 | kingdom of priests, holy nation | מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים וְגוֹי קָדוֹשׁ | याजकों का राज्य और पवित्र जाति | yājakoṃ kā rājya aura pavitra jāti | Critical | [NEW] | 19 | Corporate priesthood, not hereditary caste; cf. 1 Pet 2:9. |
| 66 | treasured possession | עַם סְגֻלָּה | निज प्रजा | nija prajā | High | Ties to [BASELINE REUSE: election] | 19 | God’s chosen people by grace, not merit. |
| 67 | Ten Commandments | עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים | दस आज्ञाएँ | dasa āgyāeṃ | High | [NEW] | 20 | Preceded by redemption (20:2); grace-then-law order load-bearing. |
| 68 | jealous God | קַנָּא (qanna) | जलन रखनेवाला परमेश्वर | jalana rakhanevālā Parameśvara | High | [NEW] | 20, 34 | Exclusive covenant loyalty, not petty envy nor one option among many. |
| 69 | servant/slave | עֶבֶד (eved) | दास | dāsa | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE: slavery] | 21 | Reuse Galatians baseline term-family. |
| 70 | eye for eye | עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן | आँख के बदले आँख | āṅkha ke badale āṅkha | Medium | [NEW] | 21 | Judicial proportionality, not private revenge. |
| 71 | restitution | שָׁלֵם (shalem) | पूरा-पूरा भर देना | pūrā-pūrā bhara denā | Medium | [NEW] | 22 | Justice restores wholeness. |
| 72 | sojourner/stranger | גֵּר (ger) | परदेशी | pardeśī | Medium | [NEW] | 22, 23 | Compassion grounded in Israel’s own history. |
| 73 | Angel of the LORD | מַלְאַךְ יהוה | यहोवा का दूत | Yahovā kā dūta | High | [NEW] | 23 | Possible Christophany; render literally, do not resolve in-text. |
| 74 | Book of the Covenant | סֵפֶר הַבְּרִית | वाचा की पुस्तक | vācā kī pustaka | Medium | Ties to [BASELINE REUSE: वाचा] | 24 | Written, binding covenant document. |
| 75 | blood of the covenant | דַּם־הַבְּרִית | वाचा का लहू | vācā kā lahū | Critical | [NEW] | 24 | Must match future Gospels-curriculum rendering of Matt 26:28 verbatim. |
| 76 | offering/contribution | תְּרוּמָה (terumah) | भेंट | bheṇṭa | Medium | [NEW] | 25, 35 | Voluntary, God-invited giving. |
| 77 | ark of the covenant | אֲרוֹן הָעֵדוּת | वाचा का सन्दूक | vācā kā sandūka | High | [NEW] | 25, 37, 40 | Central cultic object. |
| 78 | mercy seat | כַּפֹּרֶת (kapporet) | प्रायश्चित्त का ढकना | prāyaścitta kā ḍhakanā | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE: mercy_seat] | 25, 26, 30, 31, 35, 37, 40 | Reuse exactly; OT referent of Romans 3:25 propitiation caution. |
| 79 | cherubim | כְּרוּבִים (keruvim) | करूब / करूबों | karūba / karūboṃ | Medium | [NEW] | 25, 26, 37 | Not objects of veneration; distinguish from Hindu murti. |
| 80 | lampstand | מְנוֹרָה (menorah) | दीवट | dīvaṭa | Low | [NEW] | 25, 26, 31, 35, 37, 39 | Established Hindi Bible term. |
| 81 | tabernacle | מִשְׁכָּן (mishkan) | निवास-स्थान | nivāsa-sthāna | High | [NEW] | 25-40 | Never मंदिर, per baseline’s church-doctrine caution. |
| 82 | veil | פָּרֹכֶת (parokhet) | परदा | pardā | High | [NEW] | 26, 36 | Cross-reference future torn-veil (Heb 10:20) treatment. |
| 83 | altar | מִזְבֵּח (mizbeach) | वेदी | vedī | Medium-High | [NEW] | 27, 30, 38 | Not equivalent to Hindu havan-kund logic. |
| 84 | ephod | אֵפוֹד (ephod) | एफोद | ephoda | Low | [NEW] | 28, 29, 39 | Transliteration; native speaker review for unfamiliarity. |
| 85 | breastpiece of judgment | חֹשֶׁן מִשְׁפָּט | न्याय की सीना-पट्टिका | nyāya kī sīnā-paṭṭikā | Medium | [NEW] | 28, 39 | Representative mediation embodied in clothing. |
| 86 | Urim and Thummim | אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים | ऊरीम और तूमीम | ūrīma aura tūmima | Medium | [NEW] | 28, 39 | Not divination/astrology. |
| 87 | Holy to the LORD | קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוה | यहोवा के लिये पवित्र | Yahovā ke liye pavitra | High | [NEW] | 28, 39 | Doctrinal-title phrase; keep fixed. |
| 88 | ordination/consecration (priests) | מִלֻּאִים (milluim) | याजकों का अभिषेक | yājakoṃ kā abhiṣeka | High | [NEW] | 29 | God-prescribed, not self-appointed or purely hereditary. |
| 89 | sin offering | חַטָּאת (chattat) | पापबलि | pāpabali | High | [NEW] | 29 | Distinct sacrificial category; fulfilled/ended in Christ (Heb 10). |
| 90 | burnt offering | עֹלָה (olah) | होमबलि | homabali | High | [NEW] | 29 | Whole-devotion sacrificial category. |
| 91 | ransom/atonement money | כֹּפֶר (kopher) | प्रायश्चित्त की कीमत | prāyaścitta kī kīmata | High | Ties to [BASELINE REUSE: propitiation, redemption] | 30 | God-appointed means, not magical fee. |
| 92 | holy anointing oil | שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה | पवित्र अभिषेक का तेल | pavitra abhiṣeka kā tela | High | Ties to [BASELINE REUSE: messiah] | 30 | Root of “Messiah/Anointed One.” |
| 93 | Spirit of God (craftsmanship) | רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים (ruach elohim) | परमेश्वर का आत्मा | Parameśvara kā ātmā | Medium-High | Ties to [BASELINE REUSE: holy_spirit] | 31 | Same Spirit, distinct functional mode from NT indwelling. |
| 94 | golden calf | עֵגֶל מַסֵּכָה | सोने का बछड़ा | sone kā bachaṛā | High | [NEW] | 32 | Paradigmatic idolatry episode. |
| 95 | idolatry | — | मूर्तिपूजा | mūrtipūjā | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 32 | Reuse exactly. |
| 96 | stiff-necked people | עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף | हठी प्रजा | haṭhī prajā | Medium | [NEW] | 32, 33 | Covenant-breaking stubbornness. |
| 97 | intercession | (פָּלַל, palal) | मध्यस्थता करना | madhyasthatā karanā | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 32, 33 | Reuse exactly; forerunner of Christ’s mediation. |
| 98 | my presence/face | פָּנַי (panai) | मेरी उपस्थिति / मेरा मुख | merī upasthiti / merā mukha | High | [NEW] | 33 | Not Hindu darshan; God’s own gracious self-disclosure. |
| 99 | tent of meeting | אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד (ohel moed) | मिलापवाला तम्बू | milāpavālā tambū | Medium | [NEW] | 33 | Distinct from mishkan; keep lexically separate. |
| 100 | glory (requested/revealed) | כָּבוֹד (kavod) | महिमा | mahimā | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 33, 34 | Reuse exactly. |
| 101 | merciful and gracious | רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן | दयालु और अनुग्रहकारी | dayālu aura anugrahakārī | Critical | Ties to [BASELINE REUSE: grace, mercy] | 34 | Densest character-of-God verse in the Pentateuch. |
| 102 | slow to anger | אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם | धीरज रखनेवाला | dhīraja rakhanevālā | High | [NEW] | 34 | God’s patience enabling covenant renewal. |
| 103 | steadfast love | חֶסֶד (chesed) | करुणा | karuṇā | Critical | [NEW] | 34 | Covenant loyalty-love; distinguish from bhakti-style compassion. |
| 104 | faithfulness | אֱמֶת (emet) | सच्चाई / सत्यता | saccāī / satyatā | Medium | [NEW] | 34 | Paired with chesed. |
| 105 | forgiving/visiting iniquity | נֹשֵׂא עָוֹן / פֹּקֵד עָוֹן | अपराध को क्षमा करनेवाला / दोषी को दण्ड देनेवाला | aparādha ko kṣamā karanevālā / doṣī ko daṇḍa denevālā | High | [NEW] | 34 | Forgiveness and justice held together. |
| 106 | Moses’ shining face | קָרַן (qaran) | मूसा का मुख चमकना | Mūsā kā mukha camakanā | Medium | [NEW] | 34 | Must render “shone,” never “grew horns.” |
| 107 | willing/generous heart | נְדִיב לֵב | मन की उमंग | mana kī umaṅga | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 35 | Cf. 2 Cor 9:7 cheerful giver. |
| 108 | ”as the LORD commanded Moses” | כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יהוה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה | जैसा यहोवा ने मूसा को आज्ञा दी थी | jaisā Yahovā ne Mūsā ko āgyā dī thī | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 39 | Recurring obedience refrain. |
| 109 | glory filled the tabernacle | כְּבוֹד יהוה מָלֵא אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן | यहोवा की महिमा ने निवास-स्थान को भर दिया | Yahovā kī mahimā ne nivāsa-sthāna ko bhara diyā | Critical | [NEW] (built on baseline महिमा) | 40 | Climax of the whole book; anticipates John 1:14. |
| 110 | the cloud covered | עָנָן כִּסָּה | बादल ने ढांप लिया | bādala ne ḍhāṃpa liyā | High | [NEW] | 40 | Holy danger even for the mediator Moses. |
C. Cross-Reference: Baseline Terms Reused Exactly in Exodus
The following terms carry recorded renderings in the baseline translation_memory.json and are reused without modification throughout the Exodus curriculum: वाचा (covenant), पवित्र (holy), पवित्रीकरण (sanctification), उद्धार (salvation), छुटकारा (redemption), प्रायश्चित्त (propitiation), प्रायश्चित्त का ढकना (mercy seat), महिमा (glory), मूर्तिपूजा (idolatry), मध्यस्थता (intercession), मध्यस्थ (mediator), परमेश्वर का क्रोध (wrath of God), दया (mercy), कृपा (kindness of God, non-grace contexts), अनुग्रह (grace, unmerited-standing contexts), परमेश्वर (God, generic), पवित्र आत्मा (Holy Spirit), मसीह-root अभिषेक (anoint, tied to Messiah), व्यवस्था (law), खतना (circumcision), दास/दासत्व (slavery), इस्राएल (Israel), मिस्र (Egypt — established proper name, newly confirmed for this curriculum).
This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json before Phase 2 segment translation begins. All [NEW] terms require formal addition to translation memory (with version increment) per the 12_ai_translation_requirements.md protocol before their first segment is processed.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhāra
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
CRITICAL: NEVER मुक्ति/मोक्ष. Inherited from Romans package; this is the Hebrew yeshuah’s fixed Hindi rendering at Exodus 14:13 and 15:2, the historical root-event of the whole canon’s later salvation vocabulary.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: प्रायश्चित्त
Transliteration: prāyaścitta
Doctrine: Atonement
Rejected alternatives: तुष्टीकरण
CAUTION: overlaps self-performed-penance connotations; every occurrence requires theologian review. Inherited from Romans package; underlies प्रायश्चित्त की कीमत (ransom money, Ex 30:12-16) and the mercy-seat/kapporet root.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvara
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर, भगवान
Inherited from Romans package; generic term for God, kept lexically distinct from यहोवा (the covenant proper Name) throughout Exodus.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा, देव-आत्मा
Inherited from Romans package; the personal, divine Holy Spirit named as such wherever Exodus explicitly names the third Person, distinct from the functional ‘Spirit of God’ craftsmanship mode of Ex 31:3; 35:31 (see spirit_of_god_craftsmanship).
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: Masīha
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त व्यक्ति, देव-दूत
Inherited from Romans package; the root מָשַׁח (mashach, anoint) underlying every anointing-oil occurrence in Exodus (30:22-33) is a distant echo of this term.
Lord Yhwh
Approved rendering: यहोवा
Transliteration: Yahovā
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Rejected alternatives: प्रभु (a title/rank, not a proper Name), परमेश्वर (generic God)
Original: יהוה
Category: God
The self-existent, personal covenant Name revealed to Moses (Ex 3:13-15; 6:2-8). Must be kept lexically distinct from प्रभु and परमेश्वर in every occurrence throughout Exodus.
I Am Who I Am
Approved rendering: मैं हूँ जो मैं हूँ
Transliteration: maiṃ hūṃ jo maiṃ hūṃ
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Rejected alternatives: अहं ब्रह्मास्मि-adjacent philosophical gloss, सत्/ब्रह्म vocabulary
Original: אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה
Category: God
Highest advaita-collision term in the book (Ex 3:14). Must name a personal Subject addressing Moses as a distinct other, never an impersonal non-dual identity assertion. Mandatory theologian review and translator note on every occurrence.
That You May Know I Am The Lord
Approved rendering: कि तुम जान लो कि मैं यहोवा हूँ
Transliteration: ki tuma jāna lo ki maiṃ Yahovā hūṃ
Doctrine: The Self-Disclosure Formula “I Am the LORD”
Original: לְמַעַן תֵּדְעוּן כִּי אֲנִי יהוה
Category: God
Recurring refrain (Ex 6:7; 7:17; 8:22; 10:2; 14:4,18). Wording must remain fixed verbatim across every occurrence.
Merciful And Gracious
Approved rendering: दयालु और अनुग्रहकारी
Transliteration: dayālu aura anugrahakārī
Doctrine: God’s Character: Mercy and Justice Held Together
Rejected alternatives: कृपालु (कृपा root reserved for non-grace contexts)
Original: רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן
Category: God
Ex 34:6, the Pentateuch’s fullest character revelation. अनुग्रह (not कृपा) must anchor ‘gracious’, spoken immediately after the golden-calf apostasy. Mandatory theologian review.
Steadfast Love
Approved rendering: करुणा
Transliteration: karuṇā
Doctrine: God’s Character: Mercy and Justice Held Together
Rejected alternatives: generic bhakti-style devotional compassion untethered to covenant obligation
Original: חֶסֶד
Category: God
Hebrew chesed (Ex 34:6-7; 15:13; 20:6). Mandatory translator note on first occurrence distinguishing covenant-bound promise-keeping love from generic करुणा usage; kept distinct from अनुग्रह and दया.
Salvation Yeshuah
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhāra
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष
Original: יְשׂוּעָה
Category: Salvation
Ex 14:13; 15:2. Historical root-event of the canon’s later salvation vocabulary.
Blood
Approved rendering: लहू
Transliteration: lahū
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: रक्त (generic/medical register)
Original: דָּם
Category: Atonement
Ex 12:7,13,22-23; 24:8. Sacrificial/covenantal register only; every occurrence must convey God, not the household, as the sign’s initiator.
Lamb Passover
Approved rendering: मेम्ना
Transliteration: mem’nā
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: जानवर (generic animal)
Original: שֶׂה
Category: Atonement
Ex 12:3-5. Established Hindi Christian term; typological ancestor of ‘Lamb of God’ and ‘Christ our Passover lamb’.
Passover
Approved rendering: फसह
Transliteration: phasaha
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: उत्सव/पर्व alone (generic festival)
Original: פֶּסַח
Category: Atonement
Ex 12:11,21,27,43,48. Established transliteration binding event, feast, and lamb into one term.
Pass Over Protectively
Approved rendering: लांघ जाना / बचा लेना
Transliteration: lāṅgha jānā / bacā lenā
Doctrine: The Blood as Covenant Sign
Original: פָּסַח
Category: Atonement
Ex 12:13,23,27. Root of ‘Passover’; must be lexically distinguished from pass_through_judgment (avar).
Blood Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा का लहू
Transliteration: vācā kā lahū
Doctrine: The Blood as Covenant Sign
Original: דַּם־הַבְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Ex 24:8. MUST match verbatim whatever future Gospels curriculum renders Matthew 26:28’s quotation of this phrase.
Kingdom Of Priests Holy Nation
Approved rendering: याजकों का राज्य और पवित्र जाति
Transliteration: yājakoṃ kā rājya aura pavitra jāti
Doctrine: Corporate Priesthood and Election
Original: מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים וְגוֹי קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Covenant
Ex 19:5-6. Corporate priesthood of the WHOLE covenant people; must not be read through a Brahmin-caste hereditary-priesthood lens. Cf. 1 Peter 2:9.
Glory Filled The Tabernacle
Approved rendering: यहोवा की महिमा ने निवास-स्थान को भर दिया
Transliteration: Yahovā kī mahimā ne nivāsa-sthāna ko bhara diyā
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: כְּבוֹד יהוה מָלֵא אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 40:34-35. Doctrinal climax of the entire book; conceptual ancestor of John 1:14. Mandatory theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, समझौता
Relational covenant bond; more than a legal contract. Established in BSI OV. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Exodus’s Abrahamic/Mosaic covenant language, covenant renewal, and covenant-blood contexts (Ex 2:24; 6:4-5; 19:5; 24:7-8; 34:10,27-28).
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Set apart for God; morally pure, not ritual purity. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for holy ground (Ex 3:5), the holy nation (Ex 19:6), and every ‘Holy to the LORD’ occurrence.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrikaraṇa
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: सफाई, शुद्धिकरण
Spirit’s ongoing work of making holy; distinct from Hindu ritual purification (shuddhi). Inherited from Romans package; applicable to the consecration language surrounding priests and the Tabernacle.
Redemption
Approved rendering: छुटकारा
Transliteration: chuṭakārā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष
Deliverance secured at a price by a personal covenant God. Inherited from Romans package; governs both ga’al and padah redemption-root occurrences in Exodus.
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: प्रायश्चित्त का ढकना
Transliteration: prāyaścitta kā ḍhakanā
Doctrine: Atonement
Original: כַּפֹּרֶת
Category: Atonement
Hilastērion/kapporet, the golden cover of the ark where atoning blood is applied (Ex 25:17-22; 30:6; 37:6-9). Inherited from Romans package; this is the direct OT referent for the baseline’s Romans 3:25 propitiation caution — reused exactly, never retranslated.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देव-ज्योति, प्रकाश
God’s radiant presence and honor; avoid light-metaphors conflatable with Hindu divine-light concepts. Inherited from Romans package; governs यहोवा की महिमा throughout Exodus 16-40.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: मूर्तिपूजा
Transliteration: mūrtipūjā
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: — (context: Ex 20:3-5; 32:1-8)
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package; governs the second commandment (Ex 20:3-5) and the golden calf narrative (Ex 32) — do not soften the covenant-breaking severity.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का क्रोध
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā krodha
Doctrine: Judgment
Rejected alternatives: बदला
God’s settled, righteous judgment against sin, never personal revenge. Inherited from Romans package; governs the tenth-plague judgment and the golden-calf judgment narrative.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, वरदान, भाग्य, कर्म-फल, पुण्य
Unmerited favor apart from human merit; directly counters karma worldview. Inherited from Romans package; anchors the ‘gracious’ component of merciful_and_gracious (Ex 34:6) and Moses ‘finding grace’ (Ex 33:12-17).
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavasthā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, शरीयत, नियम
CRITICAL usage caution: NEVER धर्म. Inherited from Romans package; governs the Ten Commandments, the Book of the Covenant, and ‘one law for native and stranger’ (Ex 12:49).
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Moral transgression before a personal God. Inherited from Romans package; underlies पापबलि (sin offering) and the whole sacrificial system’s guilt-address category.
Worship
Approved rendering: आराधना
Transliteration: ārādhanā
Doctrine: Worship
Rejected alternatives: पूजा
NEVER पूजा (Hindu ritual-offering connotation). Inherited from Romans package; governs ‘let my people go that they may worship me’ contexts and the golden-calf’s false worship contrast.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर की सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: Parameśvara kī sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति, ताकत
NEVER शक्ति (Hindu Shakti concept). Inherited from Romans package; governs the plagues and Red Sea deliverance as displays of God’s own personal power, distinct from finger_of_god’s idiomatic effortless-action sense.
Providence
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का विधान
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā vidhāna
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, कर्म का नियम
Inherited from Romans package; governs God’s own wakeful providential care on the ‘night of vigil’ (Ex 12:42) and the pillar of cloud/fire’s guiding presence.
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का चुनाव
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā cunāva
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, नियति, किस्मत
Inherited from Romans package; governs Israel’s status as God’s treasured possession/निज प्रजा (Ex 19:5) — sovereign gracious choice, never karma-merited or birth-conferred status.
Creator
Approved rendering: सृजनहार
Transliteration: sṛjanahāra
Doctrine: Creation
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा
Inherited from Romans package; relevant to Exodus 20:11’s Sabbath rationale (‘the LORD made heaven and earth’). Never Hindu creator-deity names.
Jealous God
Approved rendering: जलन रखनेवाला परमेश्वर
Transliteration: jalana rakhanevālā Parameśvara
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Original: קַנָּא
Category: God
Ex 20:5; 34:14. Gloss required distinguishing righteous covenantal exclusivity from petty human envy or one preference among acceptable religious options.
No One Like Me
Approved rendering: मेरे तुल्य कोई नहीं
Transliteration: mere tulya koī nahīṃ
Doctrine: Divine Incomparability and Judgment on the Gods of Egypt
Rejected alternatives: ‘one of the greatest’ softened ranking
Original: אֵין כָּמֹנִי בְּכׇל־הָאָרֶץ
Category: God
Ex 9:14. Unqualified incomparability formula; must never be softened into ranking among many valid deities.
Slow To Anger
Approved rendering: धीरज रखनेवाला
Transliteration: dhīraja rakhanevālā
Doctrine: God’s Character: Mercy and Justice Held Together
Original: אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם
Category: God
Ex 34:6. Must not read as indifference to sin; pairs with forgiving_and_visiting_iniquity’s counterbalance clause.
Forgiving And Visiting Iniquity
Approved rendering: अपराध को क्षमा करनेवाला … दोषी को दण्ड देनेवाला
Transliteration: aparādha ko kṣamā karanevālā … doṣī ko daṇḍa denevālā
Doctrine: God’s Character: Mercy and Justice Held Together
Original: נֹשֵׂא עָוֹן … פֹּקֵד עָוֹן
Category: God
Ex 34:7. Both clauses must be retained together; omitting either half prematurely resolves a tension held open until the cross (cf. Romans 3:25-26).
Gods Presence Face
Approved rendering: मेरी उपस्थिति / मेरा मुख
Transliteration: merī upasthiti / merā mukha
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Rejected alternatives: दर्शन, साक्षात्कार
Original: פָּנַי
Category: God
Ex 33:14-23. God’s own gracious self-disclosure to Moses, never a devotee’s ritually attained sight.
Angel Of The Lord
Approved rendering: यहोवा का दूत
Transliteration: Yahovā kā dūta
Doctrine: The Angel of the LORD
Original: מַלְאַךְ יהוה
Category: God
Ex 3:2; 14:19; 23:20-23; 32:34. Render literally; do not resolve the possible Christophany question in-text.
Spirit Of God Craftsmanship
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का आत्मा
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā ātmā
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים
Category: God
Ex 31:3; 35:31. Same divine Spirit as पवित्र आत्मा, functioning in a task-specific empowerment mode; must not imply two different spirits.
Glory Of The Lord
Approved rendering: यहोवा की महिमा
Transliteration: Yahovā kī mahimā
Doctrine: The Glory of the LORD
Original: כְּבוֹד יהוה
Category: God
Ex 16:7,10; 24:16-17; 33:18-23; 40:34-35. Reuse consistently from first appearance through the ch. 40 climax.
Redeem Gaal
Approved rendering: छुटकारा देना
Transliteration: chuṭakārā denā
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष
Original: גָּאַל
Category: Salvation
Ex 6:6; 15:13. Kinsman-redeemer redemption root; costly, personal rescue, not impersonal liberation.
Redeem Padah
Approved rendering: छुटकारा देना / मूल्य देकर छुड़ाना
Transliteration: chuṭakārā denā / mūlya dekara chuṛānā
Doctrine: Firstborn Consecration and Redemption
Original: פָּדָה
Category: Salvation
Ex 13:13; 34:20. Distinct Hebrew root from ga’al; ransoming what is consecrated but not sacrificed, kept terminologically aligned with छुटकारा.
Ransom Atonement Money
Approved rendering: प्रायश्चित्त की कीमत
Transliteration: prāyaścitta kī kīmata
Doctrine: Foundations of the Sacrificial System
Original: כֹּפֶר
Category: Salvation
Ex 30:12-16. God-appointed means of atonement, never a magical apotropaic fee.
The Lord Will Fight For You
Approved rendering: यहोवा तुम्हारी ओर से लड़ेगा
Transliteration: Yahovā tumhārī ora se laṛegā
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Original: יהוה יִלָּחֶם לָכֶם
Category: Salvation
Ex 14:13-14. Template for the grace-not-works doctrine; salvation is God’s action alone.
Without Defect
Approved rendering: निर्दोष / निष्कलंक
Transliteration: nirdoṣa / niṣkalaṅka
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: תָּמִים
Category: Atonement
Ex 12:5. Typifies Christ’s moral sinlessness (1 Pet 1:19); gloss required on first occurrence.
Slaughter
Approved rendering: बलि करना
Transliteration: bali karanā
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: a bloodless ‘offering’ softening
Original: שָׁחַט
Category: Atonement
Ex 12:6. Substitution requires an actual death; must not be softened.
Sin Offering
Approved rendering: पापबलि
Transliteration: pāpabali
Doctrine: Foundations of the Sacrificial System
Rejected alternatives: generic बलिदान
Original: חַטָּאת
Category: Atonement
Ex 29:14,36. Kept distinct from होमबलि to preserve the sacrificial system’s internal grammar.
Burnt Offering
Approved rendering: होमबलि
Transliteration: homabali
Doctrine: Foundations of the Sacrificial System
Original: עֹלָה
Category: Atonement
Ex 29:18. Whole-devotion sacrificial category, distinct from पापबलि.
God Remembered His Covenant
Approved rendering: अपनी वाचा को स्मरण करना
Transliteration: apanī vācā ko smaraṇa karanā
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: זָכַר אֶת־בְּרִיתוֹ
Category: Covenant
Ex 2:24; 6:5. Active, faithfulness-driven remembrance moving God to act, not passive memory.
One Law Native And Stranger
Approved rendering: एक ही व्यवस्था
Transliteration: eka hī vyavasthā
Doctrine: No Distinction: Native and Sojourner Under One Law
Original: תּוֹרָה אֶחָת
Category: Covenant
Ex 12:49. Early ‘no distinction’ principle echoed at Rom 3:22/Gal 3:28; must not be softened toward caste-like graduated covenant status.
Treasured Possession
Approved rendering: निज प्रजा
Transliteration: nija prajā
Doctrine: Corporate Priesthood and Election
Original: עַם סְגֻלָּה
Category: Covenant
Ex 19:5. Sovereign gracious election, not karma-merited or birth-conferred status.
Ten Commandments
Approved rendering: दस आज्ञाएँ
Transliteration: dasa āgyāeṃ
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים
Category: Covenant
Ex 20:1-17. Must never be detached from the redemption preamble (20:2); grace-then-law order is load-bearing.
Strike Nakah
Approved rendering: मार डालना
Transliteration: māra ḍālanā
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: נָכָה
Category: Judgment
Ex 12:12,29. Must retain personal divine agency; avoid a passive construction reading as impersonal calamity.
Firstborn
Approved rendering: पहलौठा
Transliteration: pahalauṭhā
Doctrine: Firstborn Consecration and Redemption
Original: בְּכוֹר
Category: Judgment
Ex 4:22-23; 11:5; 12:12-13,29-30; 13:1-2. Render with total consistency across all occurrences; feeds Col 1:18 typology.
Gods Of Egypt
Approved rendering: मिस्र के देवता
Transliteration: Misra ke devatā
Doctrine: Divine Incomparability and Judgment on the Gods of Egypt
Rejected alternatives: परमेश्वर (would blur the categorical distinction)
Original: אֱלֹהֵי מִצְרַיִם
Category: Judgment
Ex 12:12. देवता exclusively for Egypt’s false gods, keeping यहोवा categorically distinct.
Harden The Heart
Approved rendering: कठोर करना / भारी होना
Transliteration: kaṭhora karanā / bhārī honā
Doctrine: Divine Hardening and Human Responsibility
Original: חִזֵּק / כָּבֵד / קָשָׁה
Category: Judgment
Three distinct Hebrew roots (chazaq/kaved/qashah) across Ex 4-14; do not flatten into one uniform Hindi verb or a karma/fate-determinism reading.
Sign Ot
Approved rendering: चिन्ह
Transliteration: cinha
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Rejected alternatives: शगुन (omen)
Original: אוֹת
Category: Revelation
Ex 4,7-11,12-13,31. Covenant marker God himself interprets, never a magical omen-like token.
Signs And Wonders
Approved rendering: चिन्ह और अद्भुत काम
Transliteration: cinha aura adbhuta kāma
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Rejected alternatives: चमत्कार alone (generic miracle)
Original: אֹתוֹת וּמוֹפְתִים
Category: Revelation
Ex 7:3; 11:9-10. Standard paired formula; must retain both the interpretive (sign) and wondrous (wonder) dimensions.
Let My People Go
Approved rendering: जाने दे
Transliteration: jāne de
Doctrine: Deliverance from Bondage to Sin
Original: שַׁלַּח
Category: Revelation
Recurring refrain, Ex 4-10. Consistent wording required to preserve its cumulative rhetorical force as God’s demand, not a negotiable request.
Who Is The Lord
Approved rendering: यहोवा कौन है, कि मैं उसकी सुनूँ?
Transliteration: Yahovā kaun hai, ki maiṃ usakī sunūṃ?
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Original: מִי יהוה
Category: Revelation
Ex 5:2. Pharaoh’s open, personal defiance of the named covenant God, not a generic rhetorical question.
Fear Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का भय मानना
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā bhaya mānanā
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Original: יָרְא אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים
Category: Sanctification
Ex 1:17,21; 18:21. Reverent moral allegiance and courage, never mere terror or ritual-purity caution.
Consecrate Firstborn
Approved rendering: मेरे लिये सब पहलौठों को पवित्र ठहरा
Transliteration: mere liye saba pahalauṭhoṃ ko pavitra ṭaharā
Doctrine: Firstborn Consecration and Redemption
Original: קַדֶּשׁ־לִי כׇל־בְּכוֹר
Category: Sanctification
Ex 13:2. Perpetual dedication law extending the Passover’s substitution logic.
Holy To The Lord
Approved rendering: यहोवा के लिये पवित्र
Transliteration: Yahovā ke liye pavitra
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Original: קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוה
Category: Sanctification
Ex 28:36; 39:30. Fixed doctrinal-title phrase; keep wording identical across every occurrence.
Ordination Of Priests
Approved rendering: याजकों का अभिषेक
Transliteration: yājakoṃ kā abhiṣeka
Doctrine: Foundations of the Sacrificial System
Original: מִלֻּאִים
Category: Sanctification
Ex 29:1-37 (milluim). God-prescribed rite, not self-appointed or hereditary caste-claim alone.
Holy Anointing Oil
Approved rendering: पवित्र अभिषेक का तेल
Transliteration: pavitra abhiṣeka kā tela
Doctrine: Foundations of the Sacrificial System
Original: שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה
Category: Sanctification
Ex 30:22-33. Root of ‘Messiah/Anointed One’; every anointing is a distant echo of the ultimate Anointed One.
Golden Calf
Approved rendering: सोने का बछड़ा
Transliteration: sone kā bachaṛā
Doctrine: Idolatry and the Golden Calf
Original: עֵגֶל מַסֵּכָה
Category: Sin
Ex 32:1-8. Paradigmatic act of idolatry; full narrative severity as covenant-breaking apostasy must survive.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: निवास-स्थान
Transliteration: nivāsa-sthāna
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Rejected alternatives: मंदिर (shrine housing an idol-image)
Original: מִשְׁכָּן
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 25-40. God’s freely-chosen, grace-given dwelling, never a structure that localizes or contains him as an idol-shrine would.
Veil
Approved rendering: परदा
Transliteration: pardā
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: פָּרֹכֶת
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 26:31-33. Flag for cross-curriculum consistency with the future Hebrews/Gospels torn-veil treatment.
Ark Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा का सन्दूक
Transliteration: vācā kā sandūka
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: אֲרוֹן הָעֵדוּת
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 25:10-22. Central cultic object housing the covenant tablets.
Altar
Approved rendering: वेदी
Transliteration: vedī
Doctrine: Foundations of the Sacrificial System
Original: מִזְבֵּח
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 27:1-8; 30:1-10. Not equivalent to Hindu havan-kund/yajna ritual-technique logic — God prescribes the substitute and means himself.
Pillar Of Cloud And Fire
Approved rendering: बादल का खम्भा / आग का खम्भा
Transliteration: bādala kā khambhā / āga kā khambhā
Doctrine: God’s Guiding Presence: Pillar of Cloud and Fire
Original: עַמּוּד עָנָן / עַמּוּד אֵשׁ
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 13:21-22; 14:19-20; 33:9-10; 40:38. The personal, guiding presence of the covenant God, not an impersonal cosmic sign or Hindu divine-radiance concept.
Cloud Covered
Approved rendering: बादल ने ढांप लिया
Transliteration: bādala ne ḍhāṃpa liyā
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: עָנָן כִּסָּה
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 40:34-35. God’s presence as both gift and holy danger, even for Moses the mediator.
God Fearing Trustworthy Men
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का भय माननेवाले
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā bhaya mānanevāle
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Original: יִרְאֵי אֱלֹהִים
Category: Sanctification
Ex 18:21. Leadership qualification is reverence for God, not caste, lineage, or social rank.
Medium Risk Terms
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: शफाअत
Original: פָּלַל
Category: Mediation
Inherited from Romans package; governs मध्यस्थता करना, Moses’ intercession for Israel (Ex 32:11-14,30-32; 33:12-17), the direct forerunner of Christ’s mediatorial intercession.
Mediator
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थ
Transliteration: madhyastha
Doctrine: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; applies to Moses as mediator of the law given at Sinai (Ex 19-24), never रendered through a गुरु/guru-lineage framing.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Mercy of God
Compassion toward the miserable, kept distinct from अनुग्रह (grace). Inherited from Romans package.
Kindness Of God
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Character of God
Inherited from Romans package; permitted in non-grace, non-unmerited-standing contexts, e.g. Egyptians showing Israel favor/goodwill (Ex 11:3).
Circumcision
Approved rendering: खतना
Transliteration: khatanā
Doctrine: Covenant
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; governs Exodus 12:44,48’s circumcision requirement for Passover participation, tying the Abrahamic and Mosaic covenants together.
Slavery
Approved rendering: दासत्व / दास
Transliteration: dāsatva / dāsa
Doctrine: Freedom
Inherited from Galatians package; governs Israel’s bondage in Egypt as the literal, historical referent behind the later slavery/freedom antithesis, and the regulated (not chattel) servant law of Exodus 21.
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāela
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package; established proper name form, used throughout Exodus for the covenant people.
El Shaddai
Approved rendering: सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर
Transliteration: sarvaśaktimāna Parameśvara
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Rejected alternatives: transliterated ‘एल शद्दाई’ presented as a separate deity-name
Original: אֵל שַׁדַּי
Category: God
Patriarchal Name (Ex 6:3), progressive self-disclosure of the one God, never a competing deity alongside यहोवा.
The Lord Who Heals
Approved rendering: यहोवा जो तुझे चंगा करता है
Transliteration: Yahovā jo tujhe caṅgā karatā hai
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Original: יהוה רֹפְאֶךָ
Category: God
Ex 15:26 Name-title, paired with यहोवा; must not be reduced to generic ‘physician’ language.
The Lord Is My Banner
Approved rendering: यहोवा निस्सी (यहोवा मेरा झण्डा है)
Transliteration: Yahovā Nissī
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Original: יהוה נִסִּי
Category: God
Ex 17:15. Memorial confession that victory belongs to God alone.
Faithfulness
Approved rendering: सच्चाई / सत्यता
Transliteration: saccāī / satyatā
Doctrine: God’s Character: Mercy and Justice Held Together
Original: אֱמֶת
Category: God
Ex 34:6, paired with चेसेद (steadfast_love); keep the pairing’s rhetorical unity in translation.
Finger Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर की अंगुली
Transliteration: Parameśvara kī aṅgulī
Doctrine: Divine Incomparability and Judgment on the Gods of Egypt
Original: אֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים
Category: God
Ex 8:19 idiom for direct, effortless divine action, spoken by Pharaoh’s magicians.
Bondage Affliction
Approved rendering: दासत्व का दुःख
Transliteration: dāsatva kā duḥkha
Doctrine: Deliverance from Bondage to Sin
Original: עִנּוּי / סִבְלוֹת
Category: Salvation
Ex 1:11-14; 2:23-25. Concrete, historical bondage grounding the later bondage-to-sin typology.
Book Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा की पुस्तक
Transliteration: vācā kī pustaka
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: סֵפֶר הַבְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Ex 24:7. Written, binding covenant document, publicly read and accepted.
Judgment Mishpat
Approved rendering: दण्ड / न्याय
Transliteration: daṇḍa / nyāya
Doctrine: Divine Incomparability and Judgment on the Gods of Egypt
Original: מִשְׁפָּט
Category: Judgment
Ex 6:6; 12:12. Judicial, not arbitrary, character of God’s judgment.
Plague
Approved rendering: विपत्ति / महामारी
Transliteration: vipatti / mahāmārī
Doctrine: Divine Incomparability and Judgment on the Gods of Egypt
Original: נֶגֶף
Category: Judgment
Ex 12:13. Divinely sent, purposeful judgment, not random natural calamity.
Pass Through Judgment
Approved rendering: बीच से गुज़रना
Transliteration: bīca se guzaranā
Doctrine: The Blood as Covenant Sign
Original: עָבַר
Category: Judgment
Ex 12:12 (avar). Must be lexically distinguished from pass_over_protectively (pasach) to preserve the wordplay’s judgment/sparing contrast.
Congregation
Approved rendering: सारी मण्डली
Transliteration: sārī maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: עֵדָה
Category: Community
Ex 12:3; 19. Fixed compound; must not lose the sense of a covenant-bound assembly.
Cut Off From Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल से अलग कर दिया जाना
Transliteration: Isrāela se alaga kara diyā jānā
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: נִכְרְתָה
Category: Community
Ex 12:15,19. Covenant exclusion for disobedient/ineligible Passover participation.
Sojourner Stranger
Approved rendering: परदेशी
Transliteration: pardeśī
Doctrine: Justice and Social Law in the Covenant Code
Original: גֵּר
Category: Law
Ex 22:21; 23:9. Compassion ethic grounded in Israel’s own history of oppression.
Servant Slave
Approved rendering: दास
Transliteration: dāsa
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: עֶבֶד
Category: Law
Ex 21:1-11. Mosaic law regulates and limits servitude, distinct from unregulated ancient chattel slavery; reuse baseline दास/दासत्व family.
Eye For Eye
Approved rendering: आँख के बदले आँख
Transliteration: āṅkha ke badale āṅkha
Doctrine: Justice and Social Law in the Covenant Code
Original: עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן
Category: Law
Ex 21:24. Proportional, court-administered justice, not personal vengeance (बदला).
Restitution
Approved rendering: पूरा-पूरा भर देना
Transliteration: pūrā-pūrā bhara denā
Doctrine: Justice and Social Law in the Covenant Code
Original: שָׁלֵם
Category: Law
Ex 22:1-15. Justice restores wholeness, not merely punishes.
Unleavened Bread
Approved rendering: अखमीरी रोटी
Transliteration: akhamīrī roṭī
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: מַצָּה
Category: Ritual
Ex 12:8,15-20. Established term; symbolic seed for NT leaven-as-sin motif (1 Cor 5:6-8).
Leaven
Approved rendering: खमीर
Transliteration: khamīra
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: חָמֵץ
Category: Ritual
Ex 12:15,19; 13:7. Plants the symbolic seed for leaven as corruption in the NT.
Memorial
Approved rendering: स्मरण / स्मारक
Transliteration: smaraṇa / smāraka
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: זִכָּרוֹן
Category: Ritual
Ex 12:14; 13:9. Ritual re-enacted remembrance, not mere historical record.
Festival
Approved rendering: पर्व / उत्सव
Transliteration: parva / utsava
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: חַג
Category: Ritual
Ex 12:14; 23:14-17. One of Israel’s fixed annual worship-festivals.
Lasting Ordinance
Approved rendering: सदा का विधान
Transliteration: sadā kā vidhāna
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: חֻקַּת עוֹלָם
Category: Ritual
Ex 12:14,17. Perpetual, generational obligation.
Night Of Vigil
Approved rendering: जागते रहने की रात
Transliteration: jāgate rahane kī rāta
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: לֵיל שִׁמֻּרִים
Category: Ritual
Ex 12:42. God’s own active, protective watching, reinforcing the providence doctrine.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: सब्त
Transliteration: sabta
Doctrine: The Sabbath as Covenant Sign and Provision
Original: שַׁבָּת
Category: Ritual
Ex 16:23-30; 20:8-11; 31:12-17. Established transliteration; rest as trust in provision, not ascetic self-denial.
Manna
Approved rendering: मन्ना
Transliteration: mannā
Doctrine: Divine Provision and Trust (Manna and Water)
Original: מָן
Category: Ritual
Ex 16:4,14-15,31,35. Established transliteration; flag for future John 6 ‘bread from heaven’ cross-reference.
Holy Ground
Approved rendering: पवित्र भूमि
Transliteration: pavitra bhūmi
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Original: אַדְמַת־קֹדֶשׁ
Category: Sanctification
Ex 3:5. God’s presence sanctifies space, not any inherent property of the ground itself.
Stiff Necked People
Approved rendering: हठी प्रजा
Transliteration: haṭhī prajā
Doctrine: Idolatry and the Golden Calf
Original: עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף
Category: Sin
Ex 32:9; 33:3,5; 34:9. Idiom for stubborn covenant resistance, not mere personality trait.
Tent Of Meeting
Approved rendering: मिलापवाला तम्बू
Transliteration: milāpavālā tambū
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 33:7-11 (ohel moed). Keep lexically distinct from निवास-स्थान (mishkan).
Cherubim
Approved rendering: करूब / करूबों
Transliteration: karūba / karūboṃ
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: כְּרוּבִים
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 25:18-20. Never objects of veneration; distinguish from Hindu murti.
Breastpiece Of Judgment
Approved rendering: न्याय की सीना-पट्टिका
Transliteration: nyāya kī sīnā-paṭṭikā
Doctrine: Priestly Garments and Mediation
Original: חֹשֶׁן מִשְׁפָּט
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 28:15-30. Representative mediation embodied in priestly clothing.
Urim And Thummim
Approved rendering: ऊरीम और तूमीम
Transliteration: ūrīma aura tūmima
Doctrine: Priestly Garments and Mediation
Original: אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 28:30. Must not be assimilated to Hindu astrological divination tools; translator note required.
Offering Terumah
Approved rendering: भेंट
Transliteration: bheṇṭa
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: תְּרוּמָה
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 25:2-7; 35:5-29. Voluntary, God-invited giving, not compulsory tribute or ritual fee.
Moses Shining Face
Approved rendering: मूसा का मुख चमकना
Transliteration: Mūsā kā mukha camakanā
Doctrine: Moses’ Shining Face — Reflected Glory
Rejected alternatives: सींग निकलना (grew horns — documented historic mistranslation)
Original: קָרַן
Category: Sanctification
Ex 34:29-35. Must render ‘shone/radiated’, never ‘grew horns’. Anticipates 2 Corinthians 3’s veil imagery.
Willing Heart
Approved rendering: मन की उमंग
Transliteration: mana kī umaṅga
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: נְדִיב לֵב
Category: Worship
Ex 35:5,21-22,29. OT anticipation of the ‘cheerful giver’ principle (2 Cor 9:7).
As The Lord Commanded Moses
Approved rendering: जैसा यहोवा ने मूसा को आज्ञा दी थी
Transliteration: jaisā Yahovā ne Mūsā ko āgyā dī thī
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יהוה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה
Category: Law
Ex 39-40 recurring refrain. Underscores exact obedience to revealed instruction, no addition or omission.
Groaning And Cry
Approved rendering: कराहना / दोहाई देना
Transliteration: karāhanā / dohāī denā
Doctrine: Deliverance from Bondage to Sin
Original: נְאָקָה / צְעָקָה
Category: Salvation
Ex 2:23-24; 3:7. Suffering heard by a personal God, not absorbed into an impersonal karmic order.
Low Risk Terms
Sea Split
Approved rendering: पानी का बँट जाना
Transliteration: pānī kā baṇṭa jānā
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Original: בָּקַע
Category: Salvation
Ex 14:21. Literal, historical, once-for-all act, not a metaphor or repeatable ritual.
Household
Approved rendering: घराना
Transliteration: gharānā
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: בֵּית אָב
Category: Community
Ex 12:3-4. Consistent with the household_of_faith term family; anticipates household salvation (Acts 16:31).
Mixed Multitude
Approved rendering: मिली हुई भीड़
Transliteration: milī huī bhīṛa
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Original: עֵרֶב רַב
Category: Community
Ex 12:38. Early hint of Gentile inclusion.
Bitter Herbs
Approved rendering: कड़वी सागपात
Transliteration: kaṛvī sāgapāt
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: מְרֹרִים
Category: Ritual
Ex 12:8. Embodied, sensory memorial of bondage.
Haste
Approved rendering: उतावली से
Transliteration: utāvalī se
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: חִפָּזוֹן
Category: Ritual
Ex 12:11. Conveys imminent, certain redemption.
Lampstand
Approved rendering: दीवट
Transliteration: dīvaṭa
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: מְנוֹרָה
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 25:31-40. Established Hindi Bible term.
Ephod
Approved rendering: एफोद
Transliteration: ephoda
Doctrine: Priestly Garments and Mediation
Original: אֵפוֹד
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 28:6-14. Transliterated technical vestment term; flag for native speaker review re: unfamiliarity.
Burning Bush
Approved rendering: झाड़ी
Transliteration: jhāṛī
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Original: סְנֶה
Category: Revelation
Ex 3:2-4. Ordinary matter made the site of holy encounter without being consumed.
Multiply Be Fruitful
Approved rendering: बढ़ना / फलना
Transliteration: baḍhanā / phalanā
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Original: רָבָה / פָּרָה
Category: Covenant
Ex 1:7,12,20. Echoes Genesis/Abrahamic covenant blessing language.
Moses
Approved rendering: मूसा
Transliteration: Mūsā
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Established Hindi Bible proper name form, used throughout Exodus.
Aaron
Approved rendering: हारून
Transliteration: Hārūna
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Established Hindi Bible proper name form for Moses’ brother and spokesman/high priest.
Pharaoh
Approved rendering: फ़िरौन
Transliteration: Phirauna
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Established Hindi Bible proper name/title form for Egypt’s king.
Egypt
Approved rendering: मिस्र
Transliteration: Misra
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Established Hindi Bible proper name form; recurring theological shorthand for slavery to sin in later biblical theology.
Referenced passages