Linguistic Gap Analysis: Numbers (गिनती)

0. Method and Scope

This analysis surveys the entire book of Numbers (गिनती 1–36) against the existing Hindi theological vocabulary established by the Romans/Galatians baseline Language Package, in order to:

1. Map, doctrine by doctrine, which Hindi terms already exist, where they are weak, and what strategy Phase 2 translation must follow.
2. Identify missing vocabulary (concepts with no baseline or established Hindi Christian equivalent) versus crowded semantic neighborhoods (concepts where multiple live Hindu/Indian cultural referents compete for the same Hindi lexical space and must be actively fenced off).
3. Record, for every new term proposed in 08_core_glossary.md, the transliteration-vs-paraphrase decision and the reasoning behind it.
4. Rank this letter’s highest-risk ambiguities for prioritized theologian review routing.

This document does not repeat the full term list of 08_core_glossary.md; it explains the reasoning behind that glossary’s choices and surfaces additional collision risks discovered in the course of that reasoning (see §2.4 and §4, items 5 and 10, which refine glossary entries).

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1. Full-Book Coverage Ledger

Every chapter of Numbers has been reviewed. Chapters not separately discussed below contribute no new load-bearing vocabulary beyond what is already covered in the doctrine sections that follow, and are recorded here explicitly rather than silently omitted.

Ch.	Content	Doctrine(s) touched	New-vocabulary status
1	First census, tribal musters	Census and the People of God	Contributes: गिनती, गोत्र, मण्डली
2	Camp arrangement by tribe	Census	Reviewed — no new terms beyond ch. 1
3	Levites numbered; firstborn redemption	Census; Promises	Contributes: लेवीय, छुटकारे का दाम
4	Levitical service duties	Census	Reviewed — no new terms
5	Restitution law; jealousy ordeal	Intercession (fencing term); supporting legal	Contributes: अपराध/हानि की पूर्ति, जलन की भेंट
6	Nazirite vow; Aaronic blessing	Supporting/Separation; Balaam (आशीष reused)	Contributes: नाज़ीर, प्रण, आशीष
7	Tribal dedication offerings	Census	Reviewed — no new terms
8	Levite purification; lampstand	Supporting cultic	Contributes: शुद्धिकरण (first occurrence)
9	Passover; cloud and fire	Faithfulness/Providence	Contributes: बादल/आग का खम्भा
10	Trumpets; march begins	Supporting	Contributes: तुरही
11	Manna complaint; quail; Spirit on 70 elders	Unbelief; Patience/Judgment	Contributes: बुड़बुड़ाना, मन्ना, बटेर, आत्मा (OT sense), परमेश्वर का क्रोध
12	Miriam’s leprosy; Moses’ intercession	Patience/Judgment; Intercession	Contributes: कोढ़, मध्यस्थता (reused)
13–14	Spies; unbelief; oath of judgment	Unbelief and the Wilderness Generation; Patience/Judgment	Contributes: अविश्वास, परीक्षा करना, जंगल (की पीढ़ी), धीरज रखनेवाला, दया से भरपूर, जैसा मैं जीवित हूँ, शपथ
15	Sabbath-breaker case; tassels	Supporting legal	Reviewed — intentional/unintentional sin distinction noted; no new Critical/High terms (uses existing पाप vocabulary)
16	Korah’s rebellion; plague; Aaron’s atonement	Patience/Judgment; Intercession	Contributes: महामारी, प्रायश्चित्त (reused, extended)
17	Aaron’s rod buds	Intercession (authentication)	Contributes: लाठी/छड़ी (अंकुरित होना)
18	Priestly/Levitical duties	Census	Reviewed — no new terms
19	Red heifer; corpse-defilement purification	Supporting cultic	Contributes: शुद्धिकरण, अशुद्धता (reused)
20	Miriam’s/Aaron’s death; water from the rock; Moses barred from the land; Edom refuses passage	Patience/Judgment (Moses himself disciplined)	Reviewed — reinforces धीरज/क्रोध pairing; no new Critical terms; sets up Numbers 21:4’s discouragement
21:1-3	Conquest of Arad; herem vow	Bronze Serpent doctrine (adjacent)	Contributes: सत्यानाश के लिये अर्पित करना
21:4-9	CORE PASSAGE — grumbling, fiery serpents, bronze serpent, looking and living	The Bronze Serpent as a Type of Christ; Unbelief	Contributes: सर्प, पीतल का सर्प, खम्भे पर टाँगना, दृष्टि करना/देखना, जीवित रहा
21:10-35	Conquests of Sihon, Og	(background)	Reviewed — no new terms
22–24	Balaam narrative; Angel of the LORD; oracles	Balaam and God’s Sovereign Blessing	Contributes: तंत्र-मंत्र, श्राप/श्रापित (reused), आशीष (reused), यहोवा का दूत, याकूब से एक तारा निकलेगा
25	Baal-Peor; Phinehas’ zeal	Intercession; Balaam (idolatry)	Contributes: मूर्तिपूजा (reused), परमेश्वर के लिये उत्साह, प्रायश्चित्त (extended)
26	Second census	Census; Promises (inheritance background)	Reviewed — reuses गिनती; sets up ch. 27
27	Zelophehad’s daughters; Joshua commissioned	Faithfulness of God’s Promises; Census	Contributes: मीरास/विरासत
28–29	Festival offering calendar	Supporting cultic	Reviewed — standard sacrificial vocabulary, no new Critical/High terms
30	Law of vows (women)	Supporting legal	Reviewed — reuses प्रण
31	War against Midian; Balaam’s death	Balaam (closure); Patience/Judgment	Reviewed — reuses महामारी/क्रोध/सत्यानाश family; no new terms
32	Transjordan tribes’ settlement	Promises; Census	Reviewed — reuses मीरास/विरासत, गोत्र
33	Journey stages; command to destroy idols	Balaam (idolatry)	Reviewed — reuses मूर्तिपूजा
34	Land boundaries	Promises	Reviewed — no new terms
35	Cities of refuge; avenger of blood	Patience/Judgment (institutional embodiment)	Contributes: शरण के नगर, खून का पलटा लेनेवाला
36	Zelophehad daughters’ marriage ruling	Promises	Reviewed — reuses मीरास/विरासत; no new terms

Coverage conclusion: all 36 chapters reviewed; no chapter silently omitted. The seven named curriculum doctrines are distributed across chs. 1, 3, 5–6, 11–14, 16–17, 20–21, 22–27, 35 — but the analysis below treats the whole book as the unit of doctrinal risk, consistent with the PRD mandate that the core passage (21:4-9) is the theological anchor, not the scope boundary.

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2. Doctrine Vocabulary Matrix

For each doctrine: what Hindi vocabulary already exists (baseline-inherited or general Hindi), where it is linguistically weak, and the recommended strategy carried into 08_core_glossary.md.

2.1 Unbelief and the Wilderness Generation

Available terms	Weakness	Strategy
विश्वास (baseline, faith)	No existing established Hindi Christian antonym term for the specific covenant-breaking unbelief of Numbers 14, distinct from ordinary संदेह (doubt/suspicion), which is theologically too weak — संदेह describes uncertainty, not a settled refusal to trust proven divine character	Coin अविश्वास as the direct negation of the baseline विश्वास root, so the faith/unbelief antithesis is visually and audibly recoverable to a Hindi reader who has studied the Romans/Galatians material
बुड़बुड़ाना (grumbling)	Common colloquial Hindi word for muttering/complaining in general (a child grumbling about homework); no inherent theological weight	Anchor it explicitly to the covenant-rebellion pattern by consistent repetition across chs. 11, 14, 16, 21 rather than varying the verb, so repetition itself teaches the doctrine
परीक्षा करना (testing God)	परीक्षा is the everyday Hindi word for “exam/test” — students परीक्षा देते हैं; risk of a purely academic-sounding rendering that loses the accusatory, sinful sense	Always pair with an explicit negative frame (“बार-बार परमेश्वर की परीक्षा करना,” repeatedly demanding fresh proof) rather than leaving परीक्षा bare

2.2 God’s Patience and Judgment

Available terms	Weakness	Strategy
धीरज (patience)	धीरज is a generic secular virtue-word used for patience in traffic, parenting, business — it carries no inherent covenantal or theological loading on its own	Never present धीरज रखनेवाला in isolation; it must always be taught bound to the same verse’s दया से भरपूर and its “does not leave sin unpunished” clause (Exodus 34:6-7 quoted at 14:18) as a fixed triad
दया (mercy, baseline)	Already disambiguated from अनुग्रह in the baseline; low additional risk	भरपूर added as intensifier; reuse as-is
परमेश्वर का क्रोध (wrath, baseline)	Already fenced against बदला (revenge) in the baseline	Reuse exactly; extend the existing fence to cover the avenger-of-blood collision (see §3, item 9)
शपथ / जैसा मैं जीवित हूँ	No existing Hindi Christian convention distinguishes a divine self-oath from an everyday sworn statement; common Hindi oath-taking idiom is कसम खाना (“Ganga मैया की कसम,” “अपने बच्चों की कसम”), a folk-devotional register wholly unsuited to God swearing by his own life	Reject कसम entirely (too folk-colloquial and third-party-invoking); use the more formal, legally-weighted शपथ, and render the self-oath formula literally (जैसा मैं जीवित हूँ) rather than idiomatically, preserving its uniqueness as God swearing by himself alone

2.3 The Bronze Serpent as a Type of Christ

This is the single most linguistically crowded doctrine in the curriculum — see §4 for full ranked treatment. Summary:

Available terms	Weakness	Strategy
सर्प / नाग (serpent)	नाग is a live, currently-practiced sacred-serpent devotional category (Nag Panchami, temple naga-stones, Shesha/Vasuki mythology) — using it would prime readers to hear the bronze object as possessing its own sacred potency	सर्प enforced without exception; नाग forbidden
दर्शन / देखना (the healing look)	दर्शन is the technical term for the devotee’s ritual visual contact with a deity’s murti, itself understood to transact blessing — nearly identical in narrative shape to Numbers 21:9’s “look and live”	देखना (plain “look”) retained only with a mandatory translator’s note every occurrence, clarifying that healing flows from trusting obedience to God’s spoken instruction, not the visual act or the object’s inherent power
चिन्ह (sign) alone	Flattening “lifted up on a pole” to a bare “sign” would sever the John 3:14-15 typological link (which depends on the elevation, not merely the existence, of the sign)	Retain the elevation sense explicitly: खम्भे पर टाँगना/लटकाना

2.4 Intercession (Moses, Aaron, Phinehas)

Available terms	Weakness	Strategy
मध्यस्थता (baseline)	Already well-fenced by the baseline; Numbers adds volume (11:2; 12:13; 14:13-19; 16:22; 21:7) but no new risk category	Reuse exactly; note each occurrence is corporate-congregation intercession, prefiguring Christ’s own
प्रायश्चित्त (baseline propitiation term)	The baseline already cautions that this word overlaps Hindu self-performed penance; Numbers intensifies this risk because here the referent is literally a human priest (Aaron, Phinehas) performing a ritual act to halt judgment — structurally far closer to the Hindu tapasya/penance pattern than the NT’s fully-accomplished, once-for-all propitiation of Christ	Reuse the term (per baseline consistency rule) but escalate the accompanying note: every Numbers occurrence must state explicitly that this is a real but temporary, typological, and repeatable human act, anticipating and inferior to Christ’s unrepeatable propitiation — the opposite emphasis from ongoing merit-accumulating penance
उत्साह + परमेश्वर के लिये (Phinehas’ zeal)	बेस्लाइन का उत्साह general “religious zeal” term; Numbers 25 attaches it to a specific act of lethal violence, a combination absent from Romans/Galatians usage	Mandatory pastoral-note escalation given contemporary Indian sensitivity to religiously-motivated violence (see §4, item 7)
जलन की भेंट (marital jealousy, ch. 5)	English “jealousy” covers both this and Phinehas’ zeal; Hindi must not merge them	Deliberately separate lexical roots (जलन vs उत्साह) so no reader conflates a husband’s marital suspicion with zeal for God’s honor

2.5 Faithfulness of God’s Promises despite Human Failure

Available terms	Weakness	Strategy
वाचा / प्रतिज्ञा / शपथ (family)	Hebrew and Greek distinguish covenant-bond, unilateral pledge, and sworn guarantee more sharply than everyday Hindi does; a reader could flatten all three into one generic “promise” concept	Explicitly teach as a related-terms family whenever any one appears, rather than translating each occurrence in isolation
मीरास / विरासत (inheritance)	Refinement discovered in this analysis, not fully surfaced in the prior glossary: मीरास, while common in general Hindi legal usage, is also the specific technical term for inheritance shares under Islamic personal law in India (mīrāth). Using मीरास for Israel’s tribal land-inheritance risks an unintended cross-reference to Muslim personal-law vocabulary in readers’ minds, especially in mixed-audience teaching contexts	Recommendation: narrow to विरासत as the primary term throughout Numbers’ inheritance material (chs. 26-27, 32, 34, 36); retain मीरास only as a secondary gloss if a specific regional dialect requires it, never as the lead rendering. This narrowing should be reflected as an update to the corresponding translation_memory.json entry before Phase 2 begins.
छुटकारे का दाम (redemption price)	Built correctly on baseline छुटकारा, but risk that learners conflate this literal cultic transaction with the NT doctrine of redemption from sin	Explicit note: this is a type/foreshadow, not the fulfilled doctrine — teach the two together but never merge them
याकूब से एक तारा निकलेगा (Star out of Jacob)	No linguistic weakness per se, but inherits the Critical risk of the baseline’s Messianic Promise doctrine by connecting Balaam’s oracle to मसीह	Flag for theologian review on this basis alone, even though the vocabulary itself is stable

2.6 Census and the People of God

Available terms	Weakness	Strategy
गिनती (census)	Doubles as the Hindi book-title for Numbers itself — usable but requires care that “the census of ch. 1/26” and “the book of गिनती” are not confused in teaching materials; some Hindu-background readers carry a folk anxiety that counting people invites misfortune	Retain गिनती (no better alternative exists); add a brief pastoral note that this census is God’s own command, not a superstitious risk
गोत्र (tribe)	Crowded: गोत्र in contemporary Hindi also names the Hindu exogamous clan-lineage system governing marriage prohibitions (same-गोत्र marriage forbidden) — an entirely different social institution from Israel’s twelve tribes	जाति (caste) is absolutely forbidden — it would import India’s caste hierarchy wholesale into the text. गोत्र, despite its own crowding, remains the least-bad established option; monitor with a clarifying teaching note distinguishing biblical tribal descent from Hindu marriage-exogamy rules
मण्डली (congregation)	Already correctly fenced against कलीसिया (NT church) in the baseline	Reuse exactly

2.7 Balaam and God’s Sovereign Blessing

Available terms	Weakness	Strategy
तंत्र-मंत्र (professional divination)	Broad colloquial umbrella term ranging from harmless folk charms to serious occult ritual; risk of either trivializing Balaam’s professional status or sensationalizing the narrative	Pair with a descriptive gloss on first use (“पैसे के लिये भविष्य बताने और शुभ-अशुभ शब्द बोलनेवाला,” a paid diviner/omen-reader) and keep lexically distinct from जादू-टोना (baseline sorcery, φαρμακεία) — related but not identical occult categories
श्राप/श्रापित, आशीष (baseline, reused)	Already well-fenced by the baseline Galatians package	Reuse exactly; Numbers 22-24 is a strong positive teaching opportunity because it depicts the professional curse-mechanism failing utterly — this futility should be foregrounded, not merely translated neutrally
यहोवा का दूत (Angel of the LORD)	Risk of flattening to generic स्वर्गदूत, losing the figure’s unique divine authority in this narrative	Retain the यहोवा-qualified form throughout

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3. Missing Vocabulary vs Crowded Semantic Neighborhoods

3.1 Missing Vocabulary (no baseline or established Hindi Christian equivalent — new coinage/compound required)

Concept	Gap	Resolution
Nazirite vow	No existing Hindi Christian institutional term	Transliterate: नाज़ीर
Cities of refuge / avenger of blood	No prior curriculum has required this legal-institutional vocabulary	Compound descriptive phrases: शरण के नगर; खून का पलटा लेनेवाला
Red heifer purification rite	Baseline has no OT ritual-purification vocabulary distinct from NT sanctification	शुद्धिकरण, explicitly fenced from पवित्रीकरण
Battlefield cherem-devotion (21:2-3)	Baseline “anathema” (शापित हो) covers a different technical sense (curse on a gospel-distorter)	New compound: सत्यानाश के लिये अर्पित करना, deliberately not identical to शापित हो
Divine self-oath formula	No prior curriculum required God swearing by his own life as a discrete formula	Literal rendering: जैसा मैं जीवित हूँ (not idiomatic कसम)
Firstborn redemption price (literal cultic)	Baseline छुटकारा is NT-oriented	Compound: छुटकारे का दाम

3.2 Crowded Semantic Neighborhoods (existing Hindi terms already occupied by competing live cultural referents — require active fencing)

Hindi term/space	Competing referent	Fencing requirement
सर्प / नाग	Sacred-serpent devotion (Nag Panchami, temple naga images, Shesha/Vasuki)	सर्प mandatory, नाग forbidden without exception
दर्शन / देखना	Ritual visual-contact-transacts-blessing theology of temple worship	देखना only, with mandatory note every occurrence
यहोवा / इष्ट-देवता naming pattern	Personal chosen-deity naming convention (a devotee selects one name among many valid ones)	यहोवा must be introduced with a note asserting unique, exclusive proper-name status, never one optional name among many
यहोवा / प्रभु / परमेश्वर	Three-way distinction (covenant name / NT Christ-address / generic title) must remain visible across OT and NT curricula	Maintain baseline’s existing three-way separation; do not let Numbers’ heavy यहोवा usage blur into प्रभु
गोत्र / जाति	Hindu exogamous clan-lineage vs India’s caste hierarchy	गोत्र retained (least-bad); जाति forbidden; teaching note required
प्रायश्चित्त	Hindu self-performed ritual penance (tapasya-adjacent)	Retain per baseline consistency, but escalate note strength for every OT priestly occurrence (see §2.4)
मीरास / विरासत	Islamic personal-law inheritance terminology (मीरास specifically)	Narrow to विरासत as primary rendering (see §2.5 refinement)
प्रण / संकल्प / प्रतिज्ञा	Hindu puja ritual-vow formula (संकल्प) vs God’s own unilateral pledge (प्रतिज्ञा) vs a human’s binding vow (प्रण)	Keep all three lexically separate; संकल्प remains rejected per the glossary; प्रण and प्रतिज्ञा must never be interchanged since direction-of-obligation (human→God vs God→human) is doctrinally load-bearing
तंत्र-मंत्र / जादू-टोना	Two related but distinct live occult-practice categories (paid oracle-divination vs manipulative sorcery)	Keep lexically distinct per §2.7
कोढ़ (leprosy)	Karma-affliction folk theology (chronic illness as unfalsifiable multi-lifetime merit-debt)	Teaching note required: this affliction is personal, specific, immediate, reversible through intercession — the opposite theological shape from karma
खून का पलटा लेनेवाला	Regional honor-killing/blood-feud vendetta custom	Frame explicitly as a judicially-regulated ancient legal category requiring due process, never private vendetta; fence against बदला (already forbidden for God’s wrath in the baseline)
लाठी/छड़ी (Aaron’s budding rod)	राजदण्ड (royal scepter) — generic “symbol of authority” framing	Keep focus on life-from-death divine authentication, not generic authority symbolism

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4. Transliteration vs Paraphrase Decisions

Term	Decision	Rationale
यहोवा	Transliterate	Established BSI OV covenant proper name; no Hindi paraphrase could carry proper-name force
सर्प	Translate (common noun, not transliterated)	Ordinary Hindi vocabulary; the risk lies in which common noun (सर्प vs नाग), not in translation vs transliteration
पीतल का सर्प	Translate/compound, not transliterated	Descriptive compound preserves the “bronze” material detail load-bearing for the 2 Kings 18:4 Nehushtan warning
नाज़ीर	Transliterate	No adequate Hindi paraphrase exists for this specific institutional vow-category; paraphrasing risks conflation with sannyasa-style renunciation
मिलापवाला तम्बू	Paraphrase/compound, not transliterated (“tabernacle”)	A literal transliteration of “tabernacle” would carry no meaning to a Hindi reader; the descriptive compound (“tent of meeting”) both translates and avoids मंदिर
गोत्र	Translate (repurpose existing word)	No transliteration option; existing Hindi word is repurposed with a fencing note rather than replaced
तंत्र-मंत्र	Translate (existing compound)	Names an existing Indian cultural category directly; transliterating the Greek/Hebrew term would communicate nothing
बिलाम / बालाक / पीनहास / एदोम / कोरह / कालेब / यहोशू	Transliterate	Proper names, per the established transliteration standard
खम्भे पर टाँगना/लटकाना	Paraphrase	No single Hindi noun captures “lifted up on a standard/pole”; the verbal phrase preserves the elevation sense required for the John 3:14-15 link
छुटकारे का दाम	Compound paraphrase, built on baseline छुटकारा root	Preserves lexical continuity with the NT redemption doctrine while marking this as a literal, distinct cultic transaction
सत्यानाश के लिये अर्पित करना	Paraphrase, deliberately distinct from शापित हो	Must not read as the same technical term as the Galatians anathema-curse
शरण के नगर	Compound paraphrase (“cities of refuge”)	No single-word Hindi equivalent; institutional concept requires the full descriptive phrase
खून का पलटा लेनेवाला	Paraphrase, with mandatory gloss	Literal-sounding phrase risks a vendetta reading; must always appear with the judicial-due-process clarification
जैसा मैं जीवित हूँ	Literal rendering, not idiomatic substitution (rejecting कसम)	Idiomatic Hindi oath-language (कसम) invokes third-party/folk-devotional register inappropriate for God’s self-oath
प्रायश्चित्त	Reuse baseline transliteration-adjacent term as-is	Consistency with baseline overrides local optimization; escalate the caution note instead of changing the term

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5. Ranked List of Highest-Risk Ambiguities

Ranked by combined severity of doctrinal distortion risk and likelihood of unintentional cultural collision, for Phase 2 review-routing prioritization.

1. “Looked and lived” — दृष्टि करना/देखना (21:9). The single highest risk in the book: a Hindu-background reader’s most available interpretive frame for “looking at a raised sacred object and receiving benefit” is दर्शन theology, in which the visual act itself, before a consecrated image, transacts blessing. Numbers 21:9 teaches the opposite — obedient trust in God’s word, not the visual act or the object’s inherent power, secures life. Mandatory theologian review and translator’s note every occurrence.

2. सर्प / पीतल का सर्प (21:8-9). Doubled risk: the object is not merely metaphorically adjacent to Hindu religious practice but physically identical in form to contemporary bronze/brass naga devotional images still placed under trees and in temples. Requires both the नाग-prohibition and the mandatory Nehushtan warning note (2 Kings 18:4).

3. यहोवा as exclusive proper name (throughout, first occurrence critical). Risk that Hindu-background readers, accustomed to selecting one ishta-devata name among many valid personal-deity names, will hear यहोवा as one such optional name rather than the unique name of the only true God.

4. गोत्र for “tribe” vs जाति (caste) risk (chs. 1-2, 26, 32, 34, 36). Even with जाति correctly forbidden, गोत्र’s own entanglement with Hindu marriage-exogamy rules means Israel’s twelve-tribe structure could be subtly recast in a reader’s mind as a caste-adjacent kinship system rather than a covenant-people organizational unit.

5. मीरास vs विरासत for “inheritance” (chs. 26-27, 32, 34, 36) — refinement surfaced in this analysis. मीरास’s specific technical association with Islamic personal law in India creates an unintended legal-tradition cross-reference; recommend narrowing to विरासत as the sole primary rendering before Phase 2 begins.

6. प्रायश्चित्त for human priestly atonement (Aaron 16:46-48, Phinehas 25:13). The baseline’s existing caution about this term’s overlap with Hindu self-performed penance is intensified here because the referent is literally a human ritual actor halting judgment — structurally closer to tapasya than the NT’s already-cautioned propitiation usage.

7. परमेश्वर के लिये उत्साह — Phinehas’ zeal (25:11,13). Contemporary India’s live and painful history with religiously-motivated communal violence makes this the curriculum’s most pastorally hazardous term; requires mandatory theologian review with an explicit note that Phinehas’ act was a specific, divinely-commissioned instance under direct sanction within Israel’s unique covenant context, never a general warrant for religious violence today.

8. कोढ़ — leprosy as discipline (12:10-15). Risk of reinforcing, rather than correcting, Indian folk-theological assumptions that chronic illness reflects accumulated karma from past lives; the passage’s actual logic (personal, specific, reversible through intercession) is the opposite shape.

9. खून का पलटा लेनेवाला — avenger of blood (ch. 35). Regional honor-killing and blood-feud/vendetta customs make this term culturally live; must be explicitly and consistently framed as a judicially-regulated, due-process legal category, fenced against बदला per the baseline’s existing wrath-vs-revenge distinction.

10. जैसा मैं जीवित हूँ / शपथ — divine self-oath (14:21,28). Risk of dilution into the folk-colloquial कसम register (oath-taking invoking rivers, ancestors, or deities as witnesses) if translators default to idiomatic Hindi oath-phrasing instead of the more formal, literal rendering this unique divine self-guarantee requires.

11. सत्यानाश के लिये अर्पित करना vs शापित हो (21:2-3). Risk that a reader who has studied the Galatians package will wrongly conflate Israel’s battlefield city-devotion vow with the Galatians gospel-distorter curse-formula, since both translate ἀνάθεμα but denote entirely different technical acts.

12. तंत्र-मंत्र vs जादू-टोना — divination vs sorcery (22-24 vs baseline). Risk of collapsing two related-but-distinct live Indian occult-practice categories (fee-for-service oracle-divination vs manipulative ritual sorcery) into a single undifferentiated “black magic” impression, weakening the narrative’s specific point about the powerlessness of hired divination.

13. गिनती as both doctrine-term and book-title (chs. 1, 26). Lower doctrinal risk but real pedagogical-confusion risk; plus the folk anxiety, present in some Hindu and broader South Asian traditions, that counting people invites misfortune — worth a brief pastoral note wherever the census narrative is taught.

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6. Summary of Required Downstream Actions

1. All entries in 08_core_glossary.md marked [NEW] must be committed to translation_memory.json (version increment) before Phase 2 segment translation of any Numbers content, per the protocol in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
2. The मीरास/विरासत narrowing recommended in §2.5/§4 item 5 should be applied as a refinement to that glossary entry and its eventual translation_memory.json record: विरासत as sole primary rendering, मीरास demoted to a rejected-alternative note.
3. The four Critical-risk terms (यहोवा, सर्प, पीतल का सर्प, दृष्टि करना/देखना) and the seven High/Critical items ranked above them in §5 require mandatory human theologian review on every occurrence, consistent with the baseline’s escalation rules.
4. bible_term_registry.json and doctrine_risk_registry.json extensions for Numbers (Phase 1 Steps 9-11) should incorporate the fencing rules documented in §3.2 as explicit translation_notes fields, not merely as prose caution in this document.