Core Glossary
Core Glossary — English → Hindi | Matthew 1–28
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the core passage (Matthew 5:1-12) and every chapter of Matthew, first to last. Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE] and MUST be reused with the exact recorded rendering — no deviation is permitted. Terms new to the Matthew curriculum are marked [NEW] and are proposed here for adoption into translation memory (subject to later Phase 1/2 adjudication).
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier convention: Critical (theologian review, every occurrence) / High (theologian review) / Medium (native speaker review) / Low (automated review sufficient).
A. Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (from Romans/Galatians Translation Memory)
| English Term | Hindi Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Key Matthew Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | सुसमाचार | susamācar | High | 4, 9, 24, 26, 28 | ”Gospel of the kingdom” (4:23; 24:14) pairs गॉस्पेल directly with kingdom vocabulary. |
| Grace | अनुग्रह | anugraha | High | (implicit throughout; explicit contrast in 19:26, 20:1-16) | Never कर्म-फल/भाग्य/पुण्य. |
| Faith | विश्वास | viśvāsa | High | 8, 9, 14, 15, 17, 21 | Object of faith (Jesus) must remain explicit; ὀλιγόπιστος = अल्प विश्वास. |
| Righteousness | धार्मिकता | dhārmikatā | Critical | 3, 5, 6, 21 | Never धर्म. Central to “Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees.” |
| Salvation | उद्धार | uddhāra | Critical | 1, 8, 9, 10, 14, 18, 19, 24 | Never मुक्ति/मोक्ष. |
| Apostle | प्रेरित | prerita | Medium | 10 | Delegated ἐξουσία, not guru-role. |
| Called / Calling | बुलाए हुए / बुलाहट | bulāe hue / bulāhaṭ | High | 4, 9, 22 | Distinct from karma-determined destiny. |
| Holy | पवित्र | pavitra | High | 1, 3, 28 | Holy Spirit; also “hallowed be your name” (6:9). |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Pavitra Ātmā | Critical | 1, 3, 12, 28 | Never ब्रह्म/परमात्मा; unforgivable-sin passage (12:31-32) demands extreme care. |
| Father | पिता | Pitā | Critical | 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 23, 26, 28 | Lord’s Prayer; trinitarian baptismal formula (28:19). |
| Son of God | परमेश्वर का पुत्र | Parameśvara kā putra | Critical | 1, 3, 4, 14, 16, 17, 26, 27 | Never metaphorical/adoptive; distinct from believers’ derivative sonship (5:9). |
| Lord | प्रभु | Prabhu | Critical | 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 21, 22, 24 | ”Lord of the Sabbath” (12:8); Ps. 110:1 riddle (22:44-45). |
| Messiah / Christ | मसीह | Masīha | Critical | 1, 2, 11, 16, 22, 24, 26 | Not one avatar among many; exclusive fulfillment. |
| Incarnation | देहधारण | dehadhāraṇa | Critical | 1 | Never अवतार; permanent, not repeatable descent. |
| Resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | punaruttāna | Critical | 12 (sign of Jonah), 22 (Sadducees), 27-28 | Never पुनर्जन्म. |
| Church | कलीसिया | kalīsiyā | Medium/High* | 16, 18 | *Escalates to High in ch. 18 church-discipline context. Never मंदिर. |
| Kingdom of God | परमेश्वर का राज्य | Parameśvara kā rājya | Medium→High* | 12, 19, 21 | *Escalates to High in Matthew given its interchangeability with the new स्वर्ग का राज्य term — see Section B. |
| Law | व्यवस्था | vyavasthā | High | 5, 7, 11, 22, 23 | Never धर्म; “fulfill the law” (5:17) requires care. |
| Sin | पाप | pāpa | High | 1, 3, 9, 12, 26 | Distinguished from ritual impurity (कोइनोओ, ch. 15). |
| Gentiles | अन्यजाति | anyajāti | Medium | 4, 10, 12, 28 | ”All nations” (28:19) is broader/inclusive — see Section B. |
| Prophet | भविष्यद्वक्ता | bhaviṣyadvaktā | Low | 1-2 (fulfillment formula), 5, 11, 13, 21, 23, 24 | Ties to fulfillment-formula new term. |
| Covenant | वाचा | vācā | High | 26 | ”Blood of the covenant” institution of the Lord’s Supper. |
| Election | परमेश्वर का चुनाव | Parameśvara kā cunāva | High | 22 | ”Many called, few chosen.” |
| David | दाऊद | Dāūda | Medium | 1, 9, 12, 15, 20, 21, 22 | Root of new “Son of David” term (Section B). |
| Israel | इस्राएल | Isrāela | Medium | 2, 8, 10, 15 | ”Lost sheep of the house of Israel” (10:6), later universalized. |
| Jesus | यीशु | Yīśu | Critical | throughout | BSI standard form. |
| God | परमेश्वर | Parameśvara | Critical | throughout | Never ईश्वर/भगवान preferred. |
| Abba/Father (intimacy) | अब्बा / पिता | Abbā / Pitā | High | 6, 26 | Gethsemane prayer echoes this intimacy pattern. |
| Mercy | दया | dayā | Medium | 5, 9, 12, 18, 23 | ”I desire mercy, not sacrifice” (9:13; 12:7). |
| Baptism | बपतिस्मा | bapatismā | Medium | 3, 28 | Trinitarian formula (28:19). |
| Circumcision | खतना | khatanā | Medium | — | Not prominent in Matthew; retained for cross-curriculum consistency. |
| Cross | क्रूस | krūsa | Medium→Critical* | 10, 16, 27 | *Escalates to Critical at the crucifixion narrative (ch. 27) and as a discipleship metaphor (ch. 10, 16). Never सूली. |
| Redemption | छुटकारा | chuṭakārā | High→Critical* | 20 | *Escalates to Critical for the “ransom for many” (20:28) atonement statement. Never मुक्ति/मोक्ष. |
| Eternal Life | अनन्त जीवन | ananta jīvana | High | 19, 25 | Never अमरता/moksha-absorption framing. |
| Hypocrisy / Hypocrite | कपट / कपटी | kapaṭa / kapaṭī | High | 6, 15, 23 | Full denunciatory force must be retained. |
| Worship | आराधना | ārādhanā | High→Critical* | 2, 4, 14, 15, 28 | *Escalates to Critical at 28:9,17 (worship of risen Christ). Never पूजा. |
| Fulfillment (theological doctrine name) | भविष्यवाणी की पूर्ति | bhaviṣyavāṇī kī pūrti | High | 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 13, 21, 26, 27 | Governs the fulfillment-formula new term (Section B). |
| Trinity | त्रिएकता | trieakatā | Critical | 3, 28 | Baptismal formula (28:19); baptism scene (3:16-17). Never त्रिमूर्ति. |
| Heir | वारिस | vārisa | Medium | 5, 19, 25 | ”Inherit the earth” (5:5); “inherit the kingdom” (25:34). |
| Mystery | भेद | bheda | Medium | 13 | ”Mysteries of the kingdom” — disclosed, not esoteric. |
B. New Terms Proposed for the Matthew Curriculum
| English Term | Hindi Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Key Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingdom of Heaven | स्वर्ग का राज्य | svarga kā rājya | Critical | The Kingdom of Heaven | 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25 | The single highest-stakes new term in this curriculum. स्वर्ग collides with Hindu svarga-loka (a temporary, merit-attained heavenly reward-realm within the rebirth cycle). MUST be treated as identical in referent to परमेश्वर का राज्य (baseline), inaugurated now (4:17), not merely a future afterlife destination. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence. |
| Son of Man | मनुष्य का पुत्र | manuṣya kā putra | Critical | Jesus as Messiah / Judgment | 8, 9, 12, 16, 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26 | Daniel 7:13-14 allusion (authority, kingdom, judgment) must not be flattened to “merely human.” Rejected: any rendering implying only humility/humanity without the divine-authority freight. |
| Son of David | दाऊद का पुत्र | Dāūda kā putra | High | Jesus as Promised Messiah and Son of David | 1, 9, 12, 15, 20, 21, 22 | Royal-messianic title; consistent with baseline seed_of_david (दाऊद के वंश से). Rejected: treating as a mere genealogical footnote. |
| Fulfillment Formula | ताकि पूरा हो जो…के द्वारा कहा गया था | tāki pūrā ho jo…ke dvārā kahā gayā thā | High | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 13, 21, 26, 27 | Linear, historical, one-time fulfillment; never cyclical (yuga-style) fulfillment framing. |
| Authority (exousia) | अधिकार | adhikāra | Critical | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 7, 9, 10, 12, 21, 28 | Jesus’s inherent, self-authenticating authority vs. scribes’ derivative, tradition-lineage authority (guru-paramparā caution). Climaxes at 28:18 (“all authority”). |
| Disciple | चेला | celā | High | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 27, 28 | Established BSI term. Rejected: शिष्य (imports guru-śiṣya, merit/enlightenment-path paradigm). |
| Follow (akoloutheō) | पीछे चलना / अनुगमन करना | pīche calanā / anugamana karanā | Medium | Discipleship | 4, 8, 9, 19 | Must retain costly, total-allegiance sense. |
| Parable | दृष्टान्त | dṛṣṭānta | Medium | Kingdom of Heaven | 13, 18, 20, 21, 22, 25 | Consistent with baseline Galatians allegory usage; must not license general esoteric-allegory hermeneutic. |
| Reward (misthos) | प्रतिफल | pratiphala | High | Kingdom of Heaven / Grace | 5, 6, 10, 20 | Controlled by ch. 20’s Laborers in the Vineyard parable; must not read as karma-phal proportional merit. |
| Keys of the Kingdom | स्वर्ग के राज्य की कुंजियाँ | svarga ke rājya kī kuñjiyāṃ | High | Church and Church Discipline | 16 | Read alongside 18:18’s corporate grant; contested referent recorded, not resolved, in text. |
| Bind and Loose | बांधना / खोलना | bāndhanā / kholanā | High | Church and Church Discipline | 16, 18 | Heaven-ratified, derivative church authority, not independent human legislative power. |
| Church Discipline Procedure | भाई के अपराध को सुधारने की विधि | bhāī ke aparādha ko sudhārane kī vidhi | High | The Church and Church Discipline | 18 | Graduated, restorative structure (private → witnesses → church) must be preserved; cross-reference baseline restore_gently. |
| Ransom (lytron) | बहुतों के छुटकारे के दाम में अपना प्राण देना | bahutoṃ ke chuṭakāre ke dāma meṃ apanā prāṇa denā | Critical | Atonement / Discipleship Cost | 20 | Substitutionary (ἀντί, “in place of”); छुटकारा reused from baseline; never मुक्ति/मोक्ष. |
| This Is My Body / Blood of the Covenant | यह मेरी देह है / मेरा लहू जो वाचा का है | yaha merī deha hai / merā lahū jo vācā kā hai | Critical | Atonement / Covenant | 26 | Must not be assimilated to prasad-style reciprocal offering categories; वाचा reused from baseline. |
| Great Commission (composite) | जाकर सब जातियों को चेला बनाओ | jākara saba jātiyoṃ ko celā banāo | Critical | The Great Commission | 28 | Universal, unqualified scope (no caste/ethnic exclusion); चेला reused; grounded in “all authority” (28:18). |
| Make Disciples (matheteuo) | चेला बनाना | celā banānā | High | The Great Commission | 28 | Verb form of चेला (disciple). |
| End of the Age / Consummation | जगत का अन्त / युग का अन्त | jagat kā anta / yuga kā anta | High | Judgment and the End of the Age | 13, 24, 28 | Single, final, linear consummation; never cyclical pralaya/yuga-cycle framing. |
| Parousia (Christ’s Coming) | आगमन | āgamana | High | Judgment and the End of the Age | 24, 25 | Singular, personal, visible return; never a recurring avatāra-style periodic descent. |
| Abomination of Desolation | उजाड़नेवाली घिनौनी वस्तु | ujāṛanevālī ghinaunī vastu | Medium-High | Judgment and the End of the Age | 24 | Requires Daniel-background explanatory note. |
| Eternal Punishment | अनन्त दण्ड | ananta daṇḍa | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | 25 | Grammatically parallel to अनन्त जीवन (25:46) — both must carry identical, non-negotiable eternality; never a temporary purificatory-suffering (naraka-cycle) reading. |
| Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा के विरुद्ध निन्दा | Pavitra Ātmā ke viruddha nindā | Critical | Sin / Holy Spirit | 12 | Settled, willful, final rejection — not a momentary doubt; requires pastoral sensitivity in phrasing. |
| Sheep and Goats (Judgment of the Nations) | भेड़ें और बकरियाँ | bheḍeṃ aura bakariyāṃ | High | Judgment and the End of the Age | 25 | Works as evidence/fruit of prior grace-relationship, not a separate merit-based salvation path. |
| Greatest Commandment | सबसे बड़ी आज्ञा | sabase baṛī ājñā | High | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 22 | Leviticus 19:18 clause MUST match baseline’s Galatians 5:14/Romans 13:9 wording verbatim (shared-citation rule). |
| Antithesis Formula (“You have heard…but I say”) | तुम ने सुना है…परन्तु मैं तुम से कहता हूं | tuma ne sunā hai…parantu maiṃ tuma se kahatā hūṃ | Critical | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 5 | Unprecedented authority claim exceeding rabbinic interpretive commentary. |
| Righteousness Exceeding (the Pharisees) | धार्मिकता…से बढ़कर | dhārmikatā…se baṛhakara | Critical | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 5 | Heart-level righteousness, not escalated legalism/dharma-performance. |
| Pharisees | फरीसी | Farīsī | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 3, 5, 9, 12, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 23 | Requires first-use explanatory note (respected religious authority, not generic villain). |
| Scribes | शास्त्री | śāstrī | Medium | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 23 | Contrasted with Jesus’s own ἐξουσία. |
| Sadducees | सदूकी | Sadūkī | Low-Medium | Judgment (resurrection denial) | 3, 16, 22 | First-use note on their denial of resurrection. |
| Cross-Bearing / Self-Denial | अपना क्रूस उठाना / अपने आप का इन्कार करना | apanā krūsa uṭhānā / apane āpa kā inkāra karanā | High | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 10, 16 | Not ego-dissolution (advaita caution, per baseline christ_lives_in_me); a real self chooses costly obedience. |
| Yoke of Christ | मेरा जूआ आसान है | merā jūā āsāna hai | High | Discipleship / Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 11 | Deliberate contrast with baseline yoke_of_slavery (दासत्व का जूआ); Christ’s yoke is grace-light submission, not a heavier legal burden. |
| Transfiguration | रूपांतरित हुआ | rūpāntarita huā | High | Jesus as Messiah / Deity of Christ | 17 | Distinguish from baseline renewing_of_the_mind’s रूपांतरित (Romans 12:2, believer’s ongoing transformation) — here a one-time visible manifestation of Christ’s own pre-existing glory. |
| Almsgiving | दान | dāna | Medium-High | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 6 | Guard against merit-store (puṇya) reading; reward is relational/gracious, not a ledger. |
| Fasting | उपवास | upavāsa | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 6 | Guard against vrat-style merit/vow framing; critique targets performative visibility, not fasting itself. |
| Lord’s Prayer (Our Father / Daily Bread / Debts) | हमारा पिता…आज की रोटी…अपराध | Hamārā Pitā…āja kī roṭī…aparādha | High | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 6 | पिता reused from baseline; अपराध (debts/sins) must not read as a self-balancing karmic ledger. |
| Narrow Gate | तंग द्वार | taṃga dvāra | High | Kingdom of Heaven / Judgment | 7 | Exclusivity claim must not be softened toward “many paths” pluralism. |
| Authority to Forgive Sins | पापों को क्षमा करने का अधिकार | pāpoṃ ko kṣamā karane kā adhikāra | Critical | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching / Deity of Christ | 9 | Direct divine prerogative claimed and exercised personally by Jesus, not ritual/priestly mediation. |
| Sabbath / Lord of the Sabbath | सब्त का दिन / सब्त का प्रभु | sabbata kā dina / sabbata kā Prabhu | Critical | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 12 | प्रभु reused; authority claim exceeds a lenient legal-interpretive opinion. |
| Tradition of the Elders | बुज़ुर्गों की परम्परा | buzurgoṃ kī paramparā | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 15 | Consistent with baseline judaism_ancestral_traditions phrasing; descriptive, not pejorative toward tradition per se. |
| Defile (koinoō) | अशुद्ध करना | aśuddha karanā | High | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees / Sin | 15 | Relocates defilement from ritual-external to moral-internal categories; must not collapse back into shuddhi/ashuddhi ritual-purity categories. |
| Rejected Cornerstone | जिस पत्थर को…निकम्मा ठहराया | jisa pathara ko…nikammā ṭhaharāyā | High | Jesus as Messiah | 21 | Consistent with baseline stumbling_stone (ठोकर का पत्थर) motif from Romans. |
| Kingdom Transfer Warning | परमेश्वर का राज्य…दूसरी जाति को दिया जाएगा | Parameśvara kā rājya…dūsarī jāti ko diyā jāegā | High | Kingdom of Heaven / Israel | 21, 22 | Non-supersessionist handling required, consistent with baseline partial_hardening/restoration entries. |
| Titles Forbidden (Rabbi/Father/Guru) | रब्बी / पिता / गुरु मत कहलाओ | rabbī / pitā / guru mata kahalāo | High | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees / Church | 23 | गुरु carries strong absolute-authority connotations in Indian religious culture; native-speaker review flagged. |
| All Authority in Heaven and Earth | स्वर्ग और पृथ्वी पर सारा अधिकार | svarga aura pṛthvī para sārā adhikāra | Critical | The Great Commission | 28 | Foundational ground of the Commission; universal, not regional/provisional. |
| Worship of the Risen Christ | उन्होंने उसकी आराधना की | unhoṃne usakī ārādhanā kī | Critical | Deity of Christ | 28 | Climax of the προσκυνέω trajectory from ch. 2; आराधना reused, never पूजा. |
| ”Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani” | मेरे परमेश्वर, मेरे परमेश्वर, तू ने मुझे क्यों छोड़ दिया | mere Parameśvara, mere Parameśvara, tū ne mujhe kyoṃ choṛa diyā | Critical | Atonement | 27 | Cost of substitutionary atonement in Christ’s experience; must not imply rupture within the eternal Trinity’s being. |
| Veil Torn | परदा फट गया | pardā phaṭa gayā | High | Atonement | 27 | Direct, unmediated access to God; no remaining ritual mediation implied. |
C. Cross-Curriculum Consistency Notes
- Shared OT citations: Where Matthew quotes the same OT text already handled in the Romans/Galatians baseline, the Hindi rendering MUST match verbatim:
- Leviticus 19:18 (“love your neighbor as yourself”) — Matthew 22:39, must match Galatians 5:14 / Romans 13:9.
- Psalm 118:22 (the rejected stone) — Matthew 21:42, consistent with the baseline stumbling_stone motif (Romans 9:32-33).
- Genesis/Davidic covenant language — Matthew 1:1,17; 22:42-45, consistent with baseline david/seed_of_david/davidic_covenant entries.
- Citation format: Book name for this curriculum is मत्ती (Mattī), per BSI OV/NV convention, cited as मत्ती 5:1-12 (not “Matthew 5:1-12”), with Arabic verse numerals per the baseline’s established citation rule.
- Escalation carryover: All baseline auto-escalation triggers (grace-vs-works contrasts, election/predestination language, atonement/propitiation language, Lordship confession, resurrection references, deity-of-Christ references) apply identically within Matthew and are joined by the new Matthew-specific triggers listed in Section B (Critical-risk rows).
- Kingdom vocabulary governance: स्वर्ग का राज्य (kingdom of heaven) and परमेश्वर का राज्य (kingdom of God, baseline) must be treated in translator notes as the same referent throughout Matthew; no document may imply these are two different kingdoms.
Companion document: 07_semantic_analysis.md — full verse-by-verse and chapter-by-chapter semantic analysis underlying this glossary.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, न्याय
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. NEVER धर्म. Central to 5:6, 5:10, and the 5:20 heading of the Sermon on the Mount; must not be heard as an escalated dharma-performance contest.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhāra
Doctrine: Salvation from Sins
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Matthew 1:21 fixes the object of salvation as ‘from their sins,’ not generalized suffering/oppression; never मुक्ति/मोक्ष.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Trinity / Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा, देव-आत्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Active at conception (1:18,20), baptism (3:16), the baptismal formula (28:19), and the object of the uniquely unforgivable sin (12:31-32), which requires extreme pastoral care.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Trinity / Lord’s Prayer
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Lord’s Prayer (6:9) and baptismal formula (28:19). Gethsemane’s intimate address (26:39,42) must not lose warmth even in extreme anguish.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का पुत्र
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर का अंश, देव-पुरुष
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Declared at baptism (3:17) and transfiguration (17:5), confessed by Peter (16:16), the trial charge (26:63-64). Must never be conflated with the derivative, adoptive sonship of peacemakers/believers (5:9) — see sons_of_god_believers entry.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: Prabhu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Sabbath and Christ’s Lordship
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Climactically claimed at ‘the Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath’ (12:8) and the Psalm 110:1 riddle where David calls the Messiah ‘Lord’ (22:44-45).
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: Masīha
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त व्यक्ति, देव-दूत
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exclusive fulfillment (Peter’s confession 16:16; trial 26:63); never one avatar/teacher among several messianic candidates.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇa
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, देह प्रकटीकरण
Original: Ἐμμανουήλ / ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (theological name)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Paired with इम्मानुएल (1:23) and echoed in 28:20’s closing promise; never अवतार.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruttāna
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Predicted via the sign of Jonah (12:39-40), debated with the Sadducees (22:23-33), narrated as fact (ch. 28); never पुनर्जन्म.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा, ईशू
Original: Ἰησοῦς / יֵשׁוּעַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. BSI OV/NV standard form throughout.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvara
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Trinity
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर, भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Cross
Approved rendering: क्रूस
Transliteration: krūsa
Doctrine: Atonement and Ransom / Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: सूली
Original: σταυρός / σταυρόω
Category: Atonement
Inherited from Romans package; escalated to Critical within Matthew because it functions doubly as the literal execution instrument (ch. 27) and as the definitive cost-of-discipleship metaphor (10:38; 16:24). Never सूली; never काठ/खम्भा (Jehovah’s Witness sect rendering).
Redemption
Approved rendering: छुटकारा
Transliteration: chuṭakārā
Doctrine: Atonement and Ransom
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष
Original: λύτρον / λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; escalated to Critical because Matthew 20:28’s ‘ransom for many’ is one of the clearest substitutionary-atonement statements in the Gospel. Never मुक्ति/मोक्ष.
Worship
Approved rendering: आराधना
Transliteration: ārādhanā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पूजा
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans package; escalated to Critical because Matthew tracks a deliberate rising trajectory of προσκυνέω from the magi’s ambiguous homage (2:2,8,11) to the climactic, uncorrected worship of the risen Christ (28:9,17) — see worship_of_risen_christ entry. Never पूजा.
Trinity
Approved rendering: त्रिएकता
Transliteration: trieakatā
Doctrine: Trinity
Rejected alternatives: त्रिमूर्ति
Original: Πατήρ, Υἱός, Ἅγιον Πνεῦμα (baptismal/baptism-scene formula)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Disclosed at Jesus’s baptism (3:16-17) and named explicitly in the baptismal formula (28:19); never त्रिमूर्ति.
Christ Lives In Me
Approved rendering: अब मैं जीवित नहीं, परन्तु मसीह मुझ में जीवित है
Transliteration: aba maiṃ jīvita nahīṃ, parantu Masīha mujha meṃ jīvita hai
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: आत्मा=परमात्मा प्रकार की विलय व्याख्या
Inherited from the Galatians extension of the baseline package, unchanged. Retained in this Language Package as the guardrail against reading Matthew 16:24-25’s ‘deny himself…lose his life’ as ego-dissolution into an impersonal Self; the self remains real and continues to choose costly obedience.
Kingdom Of Heaven
Approved rendering: स्वर्ग का राज्य
Transliteration: svarga kā rājya
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: स्वर्गलोक, वैकुण्ठ, मोक्ष-धाम
Original: βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Kingdom
Matthew’s signature phrase (32+ occurrences), theologically identical to परमेश्वर का राज्य. स्वर्ग collides with Hindu svarga-loka, a temporary, merit-attained heavenly realm within the rebirth cycle. Mandatory translator note on every occurrence tying it to परमेश्वर का राज्य as the same present-and-coming divine reign (4:17; 12:28), not a merit-attained future-only afterlife destination. Theologian review required at every occurrence.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: मनुष्य का पुत्र
Transliteration: manuṣya kā putra
Doctrine: Son of Man — Danielic Authority and Judgment
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
Jesus’s characteristic self-designation (~30 uses, first 8:20), rooted in Daniel 7:13-14. Ordinary Hindi risks flattening this to ‘a mere human being,’ losing the divinely-authorized, kingdom-receiving, judging figure. Mandatory translator note on first use (8:20) tying to Daniel 7 and to later uses (9:6; 16:21; 24:30; 25:31; 26:64).
Authority
Approved rendering: अधिकार
Transliteration: adhikāra
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
Climaxes at ‘he taught them as one having authority, and not as their scribes’ (7:29), extended to forgiving sins (9:6), the Sabbath (12:8), and universally at 28:18. Must convey Jesus’s own inherent, self-authenticating authority, contrasted with the scribes’ derivative, tradition-citing authority — never assimilated to the guru-paramparā (lineage-derived teaching authority) model. Keep lexically distinct from सामर्थ्य (baseline power_of_god, δύναμις).
Ransom
Approved rendering: बहुतों के छुटकारे के दाम में अपना प्राण देना
Transliteration: bahutoṃ ke chuṭakāre ke dāma meṃ apanā prāṇa denā
Doctrine: Atonement and Ransom
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष के लिए दाम
Original: λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν
Category: Atonement
20:28, λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν. Both the substitutionary ‘in place of’ (ἀντί) sense and ‘for many’ must be preserved — Christ standing in sinners’ place, not karma-debt exhaustion or a generic act of liberation. छुटकारा reused exactly from baseline; never मुक्ति/मोक्ष.
Lords Supper Institution
Approved rendering: यह मेरी देह है / मेरा लहू जो वाचा का है
Transliteration: yaha merī deha hai / merā lahū jo vācā kā hai
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper and the New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: भोग/प्रसाद-शैली भेंट
Original: τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου / τὸ αἷμα μου τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Atonement
26:26-28. Must not be assimilated to prasad-style categories where food is offered to and returned from a deity; Christ is both giver and gift, given TO worshippers, not received FROM them. वाचा reused exactly from baseline.
Great Commission
Approved rendering: जाकर सब जातियों को चेला बनाओ
Transliteration: jākara saba jātiyoṃ ko celā banāo
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: πορευθέντες μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
Category: Mission
28:19-20. सब जातियों must retain full, unqualified universality — no caste, ethnic, or national exclusion. Note the ordinary Hindi false-friend risk: जाति colloquially = caste; here it renders ἔθνη = ‘nation/people-group.’ Mandatory disambiguating translator note on first use.
Eternal Punishment
Approved rendering: अनन्त दण्ड
Transliteration: ananta daṇḍa
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: नरक (bare, without अनन्त modifier)
Original: κόλασιν αἰώνιον
Category: Eschatology
25:46, grammatically parallel with अनन्त जीवन in the same verse. नरक/दण्ड must not be softened into a temporary, purificatory naraka-style suffering; both nouns’ eternality must be rendered identically or the parallelism (and the doctrine) collapses. Mandatory theologian review.
Blasphemy Against Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा के विरुद्ध निन्दा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā ke viruddha nindā
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον
Category: Sin
12:31-32. A settled, willful, final rejection of the Spirit’s testimony to Christ — never a generic serious sin, never phrased so alarmingly that anxious believers with ordinary doubts fear they have committed it. Extreme pastoral care required.
Antithesis Formula
Approved rendering: तुम ने सुना है…परन्तु मैं तुम से कहता हूं
Transliteration: tuma ne sunā hai…parantu maiṃ tuma se kahatā hūṃ
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: ἠκούσατε … ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν
Category: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
The six Antitheses (5:21-22,27-28,31-32,33-34,38-39,43-44). Must render Jesus’s unprecedented authority-claim unmistakably — not rabbinic interpretive commentary but his own definitive word. Theologian review required at every occurrence.
Righteousness Exceeding
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता…से बढ़कर
Transliteration: dhārmikatā…se baṛhakara
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: सदाचार, नैतिकता
Original: δικαιοσύνη ὑμῶν πλεῖον τῶν γραμματέων καὶ Φαρισαίων
Category: Salvation
5:20, the doctrinal heading of the Sermon. Must not read as escalated dharma-performance/legalism; the ‘exceeding’ is heart-level depth (anger as murder, lust as adultery), not additional external rule-keeping. Mandatory expansion gloss on first use.
Authority To Forgive Sins
Approved rendering: पापों को क्षमा करने का अधिकार
Transliteration: pāpoṃ ko kṣamā karane kā adhikāra
Doctrine: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching / Deity of Christ
Original: ἐξουσίαν… ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας
Category: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
9:6. Must not be softened into a priestly-mediator’s ritual pronouncement; the text claims Jesus personally holds and exercises this divine prerogative.
Sabbath Lord Of Sabbath
Approved rendering: सब्त का दिन / सब्त का प्रभु
Transliteration: sabbata kā dina / sabbata kā Prabhu
Doctrine: Sabbath and Christ’s Lordship
Original: σάββατον / κύριος τοῦ σαββάτου
Category: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
12:1-14. प्रभु reused exactly; must convey supreme authority even over a foundational Torah institution, not merely a lenient legal-interpretive opinion.
All Authority Heaven Earth
Approved rendering: स्वर्ग और पृथ्वी पर सारा अधिकार
Transliteration: svarga aura pṛthvī para sārā adhikāra
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: πᾶσα ἐξουσία ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς
Category: Great Commission
28:18. Grounds the entire Commission; must convey truly universal (not regional/provisional) authority.
Worship Of Risen Christ
Approved rendering: उन्होंने उसकी आराधना की
Transliteration: unhoṃne usakī ārādhanā kī
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पूजा
Original: προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ
Category: Deity of Christ
28:9,17, climax of the προσκυνέω trajectory begun at 2:2-11. Must use आराधना, never पूजा; note may reference that Scripture elsewhere shows a mere human/angelic being refusing such worship (Revelation 19:10; 22:8-9), throwing Jesus’s acceptance here into relief as decisive evidence of deity.
Eli Eli Lama Sabachthani
Approved rendering: मेरे परमेश्वर, मेरे परमेश्वर, तू ने मुझे क्यों छोड़ दिया
Transliteration: mere Parameśvara, mere Parameśvara, tū ne mujhe kyoṃ choṛa diyā
Doctrine: Atonement and Ransom
Original: Ἠλί Ἠλί λαμὰ σαβαχθανί
Category: Atonement
27:46, citing Psalm 22:1. Retain the Aramaic-then-Hindi convention. Must not be softened into mere physical-agony expression, and must not imply rupture within the eternal Trinity’s being — only the incarnate Son’s experienced judicial forsakenness. Theologian review required.
Immanuel
Approved rendering: इम्मानुएल
Transliteration: Immānuela
Doctrine: Incarnation
Matthew 1:23, citing Isaiah 7:14, glossed in-text as ‘परमेश्वर हमारे साथ’ (God with us). Transliterated + mandatory gloss every occurrence, paired with देहधारण and explicitly distinguished from अवतार’s temporary, repeatable descent. Echoed structurally at 28:20’s ‘I am with you always’ — tie by translator note.
Salvation From Sins
Approved rendering: वह अपने लोगों को उनके पापों से बचाएगा
Transliteration: vaha apane logoṃ ko unake pāpoṃ se bacāegā
Doctrine: Salvation from Sins
Matthew 1:21, the meaning encoded in the name Yeshua (‘YHWH saves’). Must retain ‘from their sins’ as the explicit object, never softened toward a generalized deliverance/liberation reading that would collide with moksha-style release from the rebirth cycle.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamācar
Doctrine: Gospel / Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: खुशखबरी, शुभ सन्देश
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Gospel
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Matthew regularly paired with kingdom vocabulary (‘राज्य का सुसमाचार,’ 4:23; 9:35; 24:14) as one integrated announcement, never two separable ideas.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace versus Merit
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, वरदान, भाग्य, कर्म-फल, पुण्य
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Governs the Laborers in the Vineyard parable (20:1-16) and the camel/needle saying (19:23-26); never कर्म-फल/भाग्य/पुण्य.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, आस्था, भरोसा
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. ὀλιγόπιστος (14:31, ‘of little faith’) is rendered अल्प विश्वास — a qualifier on विश्वास, not a replacement; weak-but-real trust, not a measured merit-store.
Called
Approved rendering: बुलाए हुए
Transliteration: bulāe hue
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमंत्रित, आमंत्रित
Original: κλητός / κλητοί
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Matthew 22:14’s ‘many are called but few are chosen’ distinguishes broad external invitation from sovereign, effectual choice; never भाग्य/नियति.
Calling
Approved rendering: बुलाहट
Transliteration: bulāhaṭ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आह्वान
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Lord’s Prayer petition ‘hallowed be your name’ (6:9). Note: शुद्ध is retained as a controlled exception exclusively for ‘pure in heart’ (5:8) and koinoō-defilement (15:1-20) contexts — see pure_in_heart and defile_koinoo entries.
Abba
Approved rendering: अब्बा
Transliteration: Abbā
Doctrine: Adoption / Sonship
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not used verbatim in Matthew’s Greek text but the Gethsemane पिता address (26:39,42) is handled per this entry’s filial-intimacy pattern.
Church
Approved rendering: कलीसिया
Transliteration: kalīsiyā
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Rejected alternatives: मंदिर, गिरजाघर
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; risk escalated from baseline Medium to High within Matthew because ch. 18 makes the church the load-bearing subject of formal discipline procedure. Never मंदिर.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का राज्य
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā rājya
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर का राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package; risk escalated from baseline Medium to High within Matthew because this phrase must be actively tracked as identical in referent to the new, higher-risk स्वर्ग का राज्य term (used interchangeably, e.g. 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43).
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavasthā
Doctrine: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, शरीयत, नियम
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. ‘I have not come to abolish the Law but to fulfill it’ (5:17) must avoid both a Marcionite-adjacent discarding reading and a rival-dharma reading. Never धर्म.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Salvation from Sins
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The object of Jesus’s saving mission (1:21) and of his authoritative forgiveness (9:2-6); kept distinct from ritual impurity per 15:1-20.
Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper and the New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, समझौता
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Invoked at the Last Supper (26:28, ‘my blood of the covenant’), echoing Exodus 24:8/Jeremiah 31:31; must not be read as a merely ritual blood-offering disconnected from covenant history.
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का चुनाव
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā cunāva
Doctrine: Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, नियति, किस्मत
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτοί
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. ‘Many are called, but few are chosen’ (22:14); never fate/destiny/karma language.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: अनन्त जीवन
Transliteration: ananta jīvana
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: अमरता
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from the Galatians extension of the baseline package, unchanged. Sought by the rich young man (19:16,29); stands in deliberate grammatical parallel with ‘eternal punishment’ at 25:46 — both must carry identical, non-negotiable eternality.
Hypocrisy
Approved rendering: कपट / कपटी
Transliteration: kapaṭa / kapaṭī
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: ὑπόκρισις / ὑποκριτής
Category: Sin
Inherited from the Galatians extension of the baseline package, unchanged. Targeted in almsgiving/fasting/prayer (ch. 6) and climactically denounced in the seven woes (ch. 23); full prophetic force must be retained, never softened to mild inconsistency.
Repentance
Approved rendering: मन फिराव
Transliteration: mana phirāva
Doctrine: Repentance and the Kingdom’s Nearness
Rejected alternatives: पश्चाताप
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. John’s and Jesus’s own preaching (3:2; 4:17) both open with this call, tightly bound to the kingdom-of-heaven proclamation; whole-life turning, not mere remorse.
Gave Himself For Me
Approved rendering: जिसने मुझसे प्रेम किया और मेरे लिये अपने आप को दे दिया
Transliteration: jisane mujhase prema kiyā aura mere liye apane āpa ko de diyā
Doctrine: Atonement and Ransom
Rejected alternatives: बलि, यज्ञ
Inherited from the Galatians extension of the baseline package, unchanged. Retained as the guardrail against ransom (20:28) and Lord’s Supper (26:26-28) language being assimilated to बलि/यज्ञ ritual-offering categories; the gift moves from God to the sinner, not the reverse.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Son of Man — Danielic Authority and Judgment
Rejected alternatives: देव-ज्योति, प्रकाश
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used of the Son of Man’s coming glory (16:27; 24:30; 25:31) and Christ’s own pre-existing glory manifested at the Transfiguration (17:2) — see transfiguration entry.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊद का पुत्र
Transliteration: Dāūda kā putra
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
Royal-messianic title (1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42-45); must be understood as covenant fulfillment, not a genealogical footnote. Consistent with baseline seed_of_david (दाऊद के वंश से).
Fulfillment Formula
Approved rendering: ताकि पूरा हो जो…के द्वारा कहा गया था
Transliteration: tāki pūrā ho jo…ke dvārā kahā gayā thā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: नियति/भाग्य-आधारित ‘जो होना था वह हुआ’
Original: ἵνα/ὅπως πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Matthew’s recurring citation formula (1:22; 2:15,17,23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 26:56; 27:9). Must convey single, linear, historical fulfillment, never a cyclical/repeatable yuga-style pattern. Apply verbatim at every occurrence.
Disciple
Approved rendering: चेला
Transliteration: celā
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: शिष्य, भक्त, अनुयायी
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
Foundational Matthean identity-term (first 5:1). शिष्य imports the guru-śiṣya merit/enlightenment-attainment paradigm; भक्त imports bhakti-mārga’s devotional-path-among-several framing; अनुयायी is too weak/generic. चेला = grace-grounded allegiance to a divine, saving Lord.
Reward Misthos
Approved rendering: प्रतिफल
Transliteration: pratiphala
Doctrine: Grace versus Merit (Reward/Wage Theology)
Rejected alternatives: भंडार, संचय
Original: μισθός
Category: Kingdom
Occurs 5:12 (core passage first occurrence); 6:1-18; 10:41-42; definitively reinterpreted by the Laborers in the Vineyard (20:1-16) as disproportionate grace, not proportional payment. Requires a cross-reference note to 20:1-16 on every occurrence to block a कर्म-फल (karma-fruit) reading. भंडार/संचय (accumulation/store) forbidden as they suggest a growing merit-account.
Keys Of The Kingdom
Approved rendering: स्वर्ग के राज्य की कुंजियाँ
Transliteration: svarga ke rājya kī kuñjiyāṃ
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: κλεῖδας τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Church
Granted to Peter (16:19); must be read alongside 18:18’s parallel corporate grant to the gathered disciples. Contested referent (Peter personally vs. his confession); render literally, record interpretive alternatives as alternatives_considered, do not resolve in-text.
Bind And Loose
Approved rendering: बांधना / खोलना
Transliteration: bāndhanā / kholanā
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: δέω / λύω
Category: Church
16:19; 18:18. Heaven-ratified, derivative authority exercised by the church under Christ, never an independent human power to legislate; must not be heard as magical/ritual efficacy (a mantra-like utterance).
Church Discipline Procedure
Approved rendering: यदि तेरा भाई तेरा अपराध करे…कलीसिया को बता
Transliteration: yadi terā bhāī terā aparādha kare…kalīsiyā ko batā
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: ἐὰν ἁμαρτήσῃ εἰς σὲ ὁ ἀδελφός σου… (18:15-17)
Category: Church
18:15-17’s graduated procedure (private → witnesses → church → treat as outsider). Must not be flattened into immediate public shaming or read through the lens of caste-panchayat/village social-boycott traditions; goal is restoration, cross-referenced to the baseline restore_gently entry (Galatians 6:1).
Make Disciples
Approved rendering: चेला बनाना
Transliteration: celā banānā
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: μαθητεύσατε
Category: Mission
28:19’s central imperative, verb form of चेला; keeps the goal unmistakably grace-grounded discipleship, not mere belief-system conversion.
End Of The Age
Approved rendering: जगत का अन्त / युग का अन्त
Transliteration: jagat kā anta / yuga kā anta
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: प्रलय, कल्प
Original: συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος
Category: Eschatology
13:39-40,49; 24:3; 28:20. Prefer जगत का अन्त over युग का अन्त where either could serve, since युग carries unavoidable cyclical yuga-cosmology connotations in ordinary Hindi; wherever युग का अन्त is used, attach a note stating this is a single, final, non-repeating event. Never प्रलय (Hindu cyclical cosmic dissolution).
Parousia
Approved rendering: आगमन
Transliteration: āgamana
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
Chs. 24-25. Must be a single, final, personal, visible historical event, distinct from a recurring avatāra-style periodic descent. Sect literature anchoring 24:34 to date-calculation schemes must never be echoed; render literally without foreclosing the interpretive debate.
Sheep And Goats
Approved rendering: भेड़ें और बकरियाँ
Transliteration: bheḍeṃ aura bakariyāṃ
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: πρόβατα / ἐρίφια
Category: Eschatology
25:31-46. Framed so judgment-by-works language does not contradict the book’s grace framework; compassionate deeds are fruit/evidence of prior belonging to the King (echoing 5:3-10), not the meritorious cause of entry.
Greatest Commandment
Approved rendering: सबसे बड़ी आज्ञा
Transliteration: sabase baṛī ājñā
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: ἀγαπήσεις κύριον τὸν θεόν σου… καὶ τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν
Category: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
22:37-40, citing Deuteronomy 6:5 and Leviticus 19:18. Per the baseline’s shared-citation verbatim-match rule, the Leviticus 19:18 clause MUST match Galatians 5:14/Romans 13:9 exactly.
Cross Bearing
Approved rendering: अपना क्रूस उठाना / अपने आप का इन्कार करना
Transliteration: apanā krūsa uṭhānā / apane āpa kā inkāra karanā
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ / ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτόν
Category: Discipleship
10:38; 16:24. Not generic self-improvement or minor sacrifice; ‘deny himself’ must not collapse into an advaitic ego-dissolution/self-annihilation reading — see christ_lives_in_me guardrail. The self remains real and chooses costly obedience.
Yoke Of Christ
Approved rendering: मेरा जूआ आसान है
Transliteration: merā jūā āsāna hai
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ζυγός μου
Category: Discipleship
11:28-30. Deliberately contrasted with the baseline दासत्व का जूआ (yoke of slavery, Galatians 5:1) — Christ’s yoke is grace-light submission, not a heavier legal burden or a generic guru-discipleship yoke earned through effort.
Transfiguration
Approved rendering: रूपांतरित हुआ
Transliteration: rūpāntarita huā
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ / Deity of Christ
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Christology
17:2. A one-time visible manifestation of Christ’s own pre-existing divine glory; must be distinguished by translator note from the baseline renewing_of_the_mind’s रूपांतरित (Romans 12:2, the believer’s ongoing moral transformation).
Almsgiving
Approved rendering: दान
Transliteration: dāna
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: पुण्य-दान
Original: ἐλεημοσύνη
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
6:1-4. दान carries live puṇya (merit-generating) connotations in Hindu practice; reward from ‘the Father who sees in secret’ must be framed as relational/gracious, never a merit-ledger, and never reframed as ‘give secretly to earn a bigger hidden merit-credit.‘
Lords Prayer
Approved rendering: हमारा पिता…आज की रोटी…अपराध
Transliteration: Hamārā Pitā…āja kī roṭī…aparādha
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ऋण (for ‘debts’)
Original: Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς…
Category: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
6:9-13. पिता reused from baseline. अपराध (not ऋण, which suggests a self-balancing karmic debt) for ‘debts/trespasses’ — forgiveness flows from and mirrors God’s own prior grace.
Narrow Gate
Approved rendering: तंग द्वार
Transliteration: taṃga dvāra
Doctrine: The Narrow Way and Gospel Exclusivity
Original: στενὴ πύλη
Category: Kingdom of Heaven
7:13-14. Must not be softened into ‘one valid path among several,’ colliding with India’s widespread ‘many paths, one destination’ pluralist assumption.
Defile Koinoo
Approved rendering: अशुद्ध करना
Transliteration: aśuddha karanā
Doctrine: Tradition versus God’s Command
Original: κοινόω
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
15:10-20. Relocates defilement from external/ritual contact to internal moral corruption; must not collapse back into shuddhi/ashuddhi ritual-purity categories, reversing the text’s own argument.
Rejected Cornerstone
Approved rendering: जिस पत्थर को…निकम्मा ठहराया
Transliteration: jisa pathara ko…nikammā ṭhaharāyā
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah
Original: λίθος ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες
Category: Jesus as Messiah
21:42, citing Psalm 118:22. Consistent with the baseline stumbling_stone entry (Romans 9:32-33) so learners recognize the same OT motif across curricula.
Kingdom Transfer Warning
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का राज्य…दूसरी जाति को दिया जाएगा
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā rājya…dūsarī jāti ko diyā jāegā
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ἀρθήσεται…καὶ δοθήσεται ἔθνει
Category: Kingdom of Heaven
21:43. Requires the same careful, non-supersessionist handling the baseline gives Romans 9-11’s partial_hardening/restoration entries — a warning to unfruitfulness, not ethnic replacement theology.
Titles Forbidden
Approved rendering: रब्बी / पिता / गुरु मत कहलाओ
Transliteration: rabbī / pitā / guru mata kahalāo
Doctrine: Forbidden Honorific Titles and Spiritual Pride
Original: ῥαββί / πατήρ / καθηγητής
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
23:8-10. गुरु carries near-absolute authority connotations in Indian religious culture, exceeding रब्बी; the prohibition must retain full corrective force. Flagged for native-speaker review.
Veil Torn
Approved rendering: परदा फट गया
Transliteration: pardā phaṭa gayā
Doctrine: Atonement and Ransom
Original: τὸ καταπέτασμα ἐσχίσθη
Category: Atonement
27:51. Signals direct, unmediated access to God through Christ’s death; must not imply any remaining ritual mediation is still necessary.
Blessed Makarios
Approved rendering: धन्य
Transliteration: dhanya
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven (Beatitudes, core passage)
Rejected alternatives: आनंदित, खुश, प्रसन्न, सुखी, समृद्ध, सफल
Matthew 5:3-11, μακάριος. Newly adopted per 06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §6.1. Opens every Beatitude as an objective, God-conferred verdict of favor, not a subjective emotional report. Never आनंदित/खुश/प्रसन्न (emotional happiness) nor समृद्ध/सफल (prosperity-gospel-adjacent ‘prosperous/successful’ drift documented in 05_translation_landscape.md §C.4).
Poor In Spirit
Approved rendering: मन के दीन
Transliteration: mana ke dīna
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven (Beatitudes, core passage)
Rejected alternatives: आत्मा के दीन, गरीब (bare, economic-poverty-only reading)
Matthew 5:3. Newly adopted per 06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §2/§6.1. मन (mind/inner disposition), never आत्मा — आत्मा here would collide three ways: with the Holy Spirit (पवित्र आत्मा), with a person’s own inner self, and with Vedantic ātman/Brahman non-dual identity. दीन risks a socioeconomic/caste-class reading if left unglossed; requires a translator note clarifying this is spiritual destitution before God, available to every class, entered only through अनुग्रह.
Pure In Heart
Approved rendering: मन के शुद्ध
Transliteration: mana ke śuddha
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven (Beatitudes, core passage)
Matthew 5:8. Newly adopted per 06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §6.1. शुddha is a controlled exception to the general baseline preference for पवित्र in moral-purity contexts (शुद्ध is otherwise reserved for ritual-purity contexts per the baseline holy/sanctification notes); here it is the entrenched Hindi Bible idiom. Mandatory translator note anchoring this to internal/heart integrity (आंतरिक शुद्धता), explicitly distinguished from external/ritual purity (बाहरी शुद्धता, shuddhi/darshan-worthiness) — precisely what Jesus critiques in ch. 23.
Meek
Approved rendering: नम्र
Transliteration: namra
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven (Beatitudes, core passage)
Rejected alternatives: दीन-हीन
Matthew 5:5, πραΰς; echoed of Jesus himself at 11:29 and 21:5. Controlled strength submitted to God, not weakness or social passivity. दीन-हीन (lowly/downtrodden) risks a fatalistic, caste-resigned reading of accepted subordination rather than Christlike gentleness held in strength; anchor to 11:29’s self-description.
Persecuted For My Sake
Approved rendering: मेरे लिये (सताए जाना)
Transliteration: mere liye (satāe jānā)
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus (Beatitudes, core passage)
Rejected alternatives: अच्छाई के कारण (generic ‘for doing good’)
Matthew 5:11, ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ. The decisive theological move of 5:1-12: righteousness (v.10) and personal allegiance to Jesus (v.11) are one and the same. Must not be flattened into generic ‘suffering for doing good’; this is the christological center the whole cost-of-discipleship doctrine depends on.
Sons Of God Believers
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर के पुत्र कहलाएंगे
Transliteration: Parameśvara ke putra kahalāeṃge
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ (Beatitudes, core passage) / Adoption
Matthew 5:9. Derivative, adoptive sonship granted to peacemakers/believers — must never be conflated with परमेश्वर का पुत्र, Christ’s unique eternal Sonship, despite close textual proximity within the same Sermon. Mandatory distinguishing translator note wherever both appear near each other.
Virgin Birth
Approved rendering: कुँवारी
Transliteration: kuṅvārī
Doctrine: Incarnation / Humanity of Christ
Matthew 1:23,25, παρθένος. Must affirm a real, historical virginal conception (not myth/allegory) while affirming Jesus’s full, non-illusory humanity — guards against any docetic reading in either direction.
Perfect Teleios
Approved rendering: सिद्ध
Transliteration: siddha
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: खरा (as a full substitute)
Matthew 5:48, τέλειος. सिद्ध unavoidably overlaps with the Hindu/yogic siddha — a perfected, liberated adept who has attained supernatural accomplishment through sadhana. Mandatory translator note distinguishing covenantal wholeness modeled on God’s own character, received and pursued by grace, from self-attained meditative/ascetic perfection. Theologian review required.
Fruit As Evidence
Approved rendering: फल (प्रमाण के रूप में)
Transliteration: phala (pramāṇa ke rūpa meṃ)
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees / Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: कर्म-फल
Matthew 3:8; 7:16-20; 12:33; 21:19,34,41,43, ‘you will know them by their fruits.’ Extends the Galatians baseline’s फल/कर्म-फल caution: this bare-फल usage is evidence of a prior root/nature, not accumulated merit (distinct sense from the baseline’s inseparable-genitive आत्मा का फल). Requires a cross-reference note distinguishing the two uses at every occurrence.
Sign Of Jonah
Approved rendering: योना का चिन्ह
Transliteration: Yonā kā cinha
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Matthew 12:39-40. Typological prediction of Christ’s bodily resurrection after three days; the typological connection to bodily resurrection (never reincarnation) must be made explicit in translator notes.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerita
Doctrine: Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, संदेशवाहक
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The Twelve (ch. 10) receive delegated ἐξουσία, not a guru or independent teacher role.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Note: the Great Commission’s ‘all nations’ (28:19, πάντα τὰ ἔθνη) is broader/inclusive of Israel too — see great_commission entry; do not read as narrower than this term’s usual Jew/Gentile contrast.
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Dāūda
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root of the new दाऊद का पुत्र title (son_of_david entry).
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāela
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Gospel
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. ‘Lost sheep of the house of Israel’ (10:6) is a staged mission scope, later universalized (28:19) — see lost_sheep_of_israel entry.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: ἔλεος / ἐλεέω
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Twice-quoted by Jesus, ‘I desire mercy, not sacrifice’ (9:13; 12:7) — see mercy_not_sacrifice entry. Must not be read as merit-transaction reciprocity.
Baptism
Approved rendering: बपतिस्मा
Transliteration: bapatismā
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: स्नान, दीक्षा
Original: βαπτίζω / βάπτισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. John’s baptism of repentance (ch. 3) and the triune baptismal formula (28:19). Never स्नान/दीक्षा.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: खतना
Transliteration: khatanā
Doctrine: Covenant
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not a prominent Matthew controversy; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Heir
Approved rendering: वारिस
Transliteration: vārisa
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: κληρονομέω / κληρονόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. ‘Inherit the earth’ (5:5) and ‘inherit the kingdom’ (25:34); must be tied to the new-creation framework, not literal present-age territorial conquest.
Mystery
Approved rendering: भेद
Transliteration: bheda
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: रहस्य
Original: μυστήρια
Category: Revelation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. ‘Mysteries of the kingdom’ disclosed in the ch. 13 parables — now-revealed, not esoteric gnosis attained through initiation.
Follow Akoloutheo
Approved rendering: पीछे चलना / अनुगमन करना
Transliteration: pīche calanā / anugamana karanā
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἀκολουθέω
Category: Discipleship
Verb of committed, costly following (4:20,22 and throughout); must retain total-allegiance sense, not casual or partial association.
Parable
Approved rendering: दृष्टान्त
Transliteration: dṛṣṭānta
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
Consistent with the baseline allegory usage from Galatians. Must not license a general esoteric-allegory hermeneutic for Scripture at large; Jesus’s parables (ch. 13 and elsewhere) have a specific, recoverable, Spirit-given meaning.
Abomination Of Desolation
Approved rendering: उजाड़नेवाली घिनौनी वस्तु
Transliteration: ujāṛanevālī ghinaunī vastu
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως
Category: Eschatology
24:15, citing Daniel 9:27/11:31/12:11. Requires substantial Daniel-background explanatory note; must remain a specific historical sign, not a vague open symbol.
Pharisees
Approved rendering: फरीसी
Transliteration: Farīsī
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: Φαρισαῖοι
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Transliterated proper-noun term requiring first-use explanatory note: a respected Second Temple Jewish religious party, not a generic villain from the outset.
Scribes
Approved rendering: शास्त्री
Transliteration: śāstrī
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: γραμματεῖς
Category: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Torah scholars whose derivative, tradition-based authority is the foil for Jesus’s own inherent ἐξουσία (7:29).
Fasting
Approved rendering: उपवास
Transliteration: upavāsa
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: व्रत
Original: νηστεία
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
6:16-18. Jesus’s critique targets performative visibility specifically, not fasting itself. व्रत (vow-for-merit framing) forbidden.
Tradition Of Elders
Approved rendering: बुज़ुर्गों की परम्परा
Transliteration: buzurgoṃ kī paramparā
Doctrine: Tradition versus God’s Command
Original: παράδοσις τῶν πρεσβυτέρων
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
15:1-9. Consistent with the baseline judaism_ancestral_traditions phrasing; keep descriptive, not pejorative toward tradition per se — the critique is tradition overriding God’s command.
Mourn And Comfort
Approved rendering: शोक करनेवाले, शान्ति पाएंगे
Transliteration: śoka karanevāle, śānti pāeṃge
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven (Beatitudes, core passage)
Matthew 5:4. शोक is strongly funeral/bereavement-associated in Hindi and must be broadened by context to include sorrow over sin and the world’s brokenness. The passive ‘will be comforted’ names God as the comforting agent — must not be supplied with a self-help or detachment-based (vairagya-adjacent) alternative agent.
Mercy Not Sacrifice
Approved rendering: मुझे दया चाहिए, बलिदान नहीं
Transliteration: mujhe dayā cāhie, balidāna nahīṃ
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Matthew 9:13; 12:7, citing Hosea 6:6. Enacted in Jesus’s table-fellowship with tax collectors and sinners (9:10-13) — see tax_collectors_and_sinners note; commensality across social/purity boundaries retains its socially transgressive force.
Lost Sheep Of Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल के घराने की खोई हुई भेड़ें
Transliteration: Isrāela ke gharāne kī khoī huī bheḍeṃ
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Gospel
Matthew 10:6. A staged mission scope, later universalized (28:19); must be read alongside the Great Commission so this is not mistaken for a permanent ethnic restriction.
Little Ones
Approved rendering: छोटों में से एक
Transliteration: choṭoṃ meṃ se eka
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Matthew 18:6,10,14. Anchors church discipline in pastoral care for the vulnerable before any procedural correction is discussed.
Render To Caesar
Approved rendering: कैसर का कैसर को, और परमेश्वर का परमेश्वर को दो
Transliteration: Kaisara kā Kaisara ko, aura Parameśvara kā Parameśvara ko do
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Matthew 22:15-22. Parallel to the baseline’s governing_authorities caution (Romans 13:1-7); civil obligation and ultimate allegiance to God are distinguished, not equated or opposed absolutely.
New Wine Old Wineskins
Approved rendering: नया दाखरस और पुरानी मशकें
Transliteration: nayā dākharasa aura purānī maśakeṃ
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Matthew 9:16-17. Signals that the kingdom Jesus brings is a genuinely new work requiring new capacity, not merely a patch on existing religious forms.
Camel Through Needle
Approved rendering: सूई के छिद्र में से ऊंट का निकलना
Transliteration: sūī ke chidra meṃ se ūṃṭa kā nikalanā
Doctrine: Grace versus Merit (Reward/Wage Theology)
Matthew 19:24-26. The punchline — ‘with God all things are possible’ — must not be lost; salvation is God’s gracious act, not humanly achievable by any means, including wealth.
Seventy Times Seven
Approved rendering: सतहत्तर बार / सात बार सत्तर गुणा
Transliteration: satahattara bāra / sāta bāra sattara guṇā
Doctrine: Forgiveness Within the Church
Matthew 18:21-22, the Unforgiving Servant parable’s hyperbolic idiom for limitless, ungrudging forgiveness, grounded in the limitless forgiveness already received from God (echoing 6:12). Must retain the ‘limitless’ force, not a literal ceiling of 490; must not be read as a self-balancing karmic debt-ledger.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Ties to the fulfillment formula and to 5:12’s persecuted-prophets continuity.
Sadducees
Approved rendering: सदूकी
Transliteration: Sadūkī
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: Σαδδουκαῖοι
Category: Judgment and the End of the Age
First-use note required on their denial of resurrection (22:23) so the debate with Jesus is intelligible.
Referenced passages