Doctrine Analysis
Doctrine Analysis — Luke (English → Hindi)
Purpose
This document is the full doctrine matrix for the Luke curriculum, covering every doctrine assigned Critical/High/Medium/Low risk tiers in assets/doctrine_risk_registry.json, mapped against supporting passages drawn from every chapter of Luke, 1–24, with the core passage (Luke 4:16-21) as the theological anchor rather than the scope boundary. It extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans/Galatians doctrine_risk_registry.json risk-tier conventions.
Risk tier definitions (unchanged from baseline):
| Tier | Meaning | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | Mistranslation alters or destroys essential doctrine | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | Mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or syncretism risk | Human theologian |
| Medium | Mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning | Native speaker review |
| Low | Mistranslation causes minor misunderstanding or imprecision | Automated review |
Risk tier distribution (matches registry risk_summary): Critical 9 · High 15 · Medium 4 · Low 2 — 30 doctrines total, 24 requiring theologian review, 4 requiring native speaker review, 2 automated-only.
Section A: Full Doctrine Matrix
| # | Doctrine | Risk | Supporting Passages (Luke) | Translation Risk Summary | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor) | Critical | 2:10-11,32; 3:23-38; 4:25-27; 7:1-10; 13:29; 14:15-24; 23:47; 24:47 | उद्धारकर्ता must never drift toward मुक्तिदाता (moksha-adjacent, implies one liberation-path among many). Luke’s Adam-reaching genealogy (3:38) and the Gentile centurion’s climactic confession (23:47) must retain unqualified universal scope — no ethnic, caste, or economic qualification may be added. | Human theologian |
| 2 | The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | Critical | 1:15,35,41,67; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10,12; 24:49 | पवित्र आत्मा must never be ब्रह्म or परमात्मा (impersonal Hindu Absolute/universal Self). Luke’s recurring “filled with the Spirit” formula must present a distinct personal divine Person actively directing history, not an impersonal force resting on a guru/avatar figure. | Human theologian |
| 3 | The Spirit’s Anointing and Messianic Commissioning of Jesus | Critical | 4:18 (core passage); 3:22; 9:20 | अभिषेक करना is unavoidable (shares the root of मसीह) but is also the exact term for ritual मूर्ति-अभिषेक (deity-image anointing) and royal coronation. Every occurrence risks being heard as a repeatable human-priest ritual rather than the Spirit’s unique, once-for-all commissioning of the divine Son. Mandatory translator note every occurrence. | Human theologian |
| 4 | The Incarnation and Virgin Conception of Christ | Critical | 1:26-38; 2:7 | देहधारण must never be अवतार (temporary/repeatable deity-descent). कुँवारी must convey literal virginity, not vague “young woman.” छाया करना (overshadow) must not suggest physical divine-human union as in some Hindu avatar-birth narratives — the Spirit’s action is non-physical divine power. | Human theologian |
| 5 | The Sonship and Deity of Christ | Critical | 1:32,35; 3:22; 9:35; 22:70 | परमेश्वर का पुत्र must remain the fixed full phrase for eternal, co-equal Sonship. मनुष्य का पुत्र (Son of Man) must never be interchanged or blended with it despite the shared पुत्र morpheme — these are two theologically distinct titles used deliberately side by side throughout Luke. | Human theologian |
| 6 | The Davidic Covenant and Messianic Promise | High | 1:32-33,69; 2:4,11; 3:31; 18:38-39; 20:41-44 | दाऊद की सन्तान and उद्धार का सींग require OT covenant background with no ready Hindu-culture analogue; a marginalized blind beggar’s messianic recognition (18:38-39) must not be flattened into a generic honorific losing its Davidic-covenant grounding. | Human theologian |
| 7 | The Bodily Resurrection of Christ | Critical | 9:22; 18:33; 20:27-40; 24:1-12,36-43 | पुनरुत्थान must never be पुनर्जन्म (reincarnation). माँस और हड्डियाँ (24:39) is deliberately distinct from TM शरीर to keep this literal and physical, not illusory (māyā). The figurative ch.15 “was dead and alive again” idiom must never be conflated with this literal Critical doctrine. | Human theologian |
| 8 | The Bodily Ascension of Christ | High | 9:51; 24:50-53 | स्वर्ग पर उठाया गया must be distinguished from any Hindu narrative of a saint’s/avatar’s mystical bodily dissolution into an impersonal divine — this is a bodily, historical, unrepeatable departure of a still-distinct embodied person. | Human theologian |
| 9 | The Lordship of Christ | Critical | 2:11; 6:5; 19:31; 20:41-44; 24:34 | प्रभु must convey exclusive, supreme Lordship, not one lord among many deities. At 6:5 (सब्त के प्रभु), the implicit deity-claim over the Sabbath institution must not be softened into a mere rule-permission statement. | Human theologian |
| 10 | The True Humanity of Christ | High | 2:7,52; 22:44; 24:39 | अत्यन्त व्याकुलता (Gethsemane agony) must not be stylized into detached stoic suffering. माँस और हड्डियाँ must be read as real physical substance, not illusion, consistent with the resurrection doctrine. | Human theologian |
| 11 | The Inspiration and Historical Fulfillment of Scripture | High | 1:1-4; 4:17-21 (core passage); 18:31; 24:25-27,44-45 | पवित्रशास्त्र must be distinguished from Hindu śruti (mystically “heard” scripture). पूरा हो गया है must preserve the perfect tense’s completed-yet-abiding sense and never suggest one fulfillment among a repeating yuga-cycle. | Human theologian |
| 12 | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | High | 4:18 (core passage); 6:20-26; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:19-31; 21:1-4 | गरीब/दीन must retain literal, economic specificity, not be spiritualized away (unlike “poor in spirit”). कुचले हुए लोग carries genuine resonance with contemporary Indian marginalization discourse and needs native-speaker register calibration so it reads as compassionate biblical description, not an imported political slogan. | Human theologian |
| 13 | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | Critical | 1:77; 3:3,8; 5:20-32; 7:47-49; 13:1-5; 15:1-32; 17:3-4; 19:1-10; 24:47 | पापों की क्षमा shares its Greek root (ἄφεσις) with “release of captives” at 4:18, requiring a mandatory cross-reference note since Hindi necessarily uses two different words for one Greek concept. 13:1-5 requires explicit pastoral correction of the karma-retribution reading (suffering as proof of guilt) that Jesus himself rejects. | Human theologian |
| 14 | Prayer and Dependence on God | High | 1:46-55,67-79; 3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18,28-29; 11:1-13; 18:1-14; 22:39-46; 23:34,46 | इच्छा (Gethsemane “your will”) must remain the personal, purposive will of a personal Father, never भाग्य/नियति (fate/destiny), which would recast dependence as fatalistic resignation rather than trust-filled submission. | Human theologian |
| 15 | The Kingdom of God Present and Future | High | 4:43; 8:1,10; 9:2,60,62; 10:9,11; 11:20; 13:18-21; 17:20-21; 18:16-17; 19:11; 21:31; 22:16,18; 23:42 | तुम्हारे बीच में (17:21) is required over तुम्हारे भीतर, since “within you” collides directly with Vedantic indwelling-Self doctrine (ब्रह्म/आत्मा). The four-point आज (“today”) motif (2:11; 4:21; 19:9; 23:43) must never be softened into vague futurity, or the already/not-yet tension collapses. | Human theologian |
| 16 | The Cost and Joy of Discipleship | High | 9:23-26,57-62; 14:25-33; 18:22-30; 24:52-53 | अपने माता-पिता से भी बढ़कर मुझसे प्रेम रखे (14:26) must render Semitic comparative hyperbole, never literal घृणा करना (hate), which would be pastorally catastrophic within Indian family-honor dynamics. हर दिन (“daily,” 9:23) — Luke’s distinctive addition — must never be dropped. | Human theologian |
| 17 | Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | High | 5:29-32; 7:34,36-50; 15:1-2,20-24; 19:1-10 | तरस खाना is required as the primary verb for Jesus’ visceral compassion (7:13; 10:33; 15:20) over करुणा, a Buddhist brahmavihāra technical term risking an impersonal, self-cultivated-virtue reading. पापी must never carry ritual/caste-impurity connotation. | Human theologian |
| 18 | The Jubilee Inauguration of the Kingdom (the Acceptable Year of the Lord) | High | 4:16-21 (core passage); 2:11; 19:9; 23:43 | प्रभु का अनुग्रहकारी वर्ष must not be understood as a repeating festival-calendar observance parallel to Hindu auspicious-year/muhurta cycles. This is the core-passage climax and must be read as once-for-all inaugurated historical fulfillment of Leviticus 25, retaining अनुग्रह’s unmerited-favor sense. | Human theologian |
| 19 | The Great Reversal — Exalting the Humble, Humbling the Exalted | High | 1:46-55; 6:20-26; 14:11; 18:14 | धन्य and हाय must retain their paired, paradox-announcing and prophetic-judicial force; softening धन्य to प्रसन्न (“happy”) or हाय to अफ़सोस (“alas”) collapses the eschatological reversal claim running from the Magnificat through the Sermon on the Plain to the Pharisee/tax-collector parable. | Human theologian |
| 20 | The Authority of Christ | High | 4:32,36 (core-passage-adjacent); 5:24; 9:1; 10:19; 20:1-8,20 | अधिकार (ἐξουσία) must remain lexically distinct from सामर्थ्य (δύναμις, reserved for power_of_god) throughout all 24 chapters; conflating the two erases Luke’s structurally important right-to-act/capability-to-act distinction. | Human theologian |
| 21 | Election and the Effectual Calling of Disciples | High | 6:13; 9:35; 10:20-21 | चुना हुआ (9:35) must be paired with, not substituted for, परमेश्वर का पुत्र in the same verse, and never rendered भाग्यशाली (fortunate/fate-favored), which would import fate-language into God’s sovereign personal choice. | Human theologian |
| 22 | The New Covenant and Christ’s Atoning Self-Gift | Critical | 22:14-20 | देह और लोहू must not be assimilated to Hindu प्रसाद logic (offering TO a deity, then distribution FROM it); Christ’s self-giving moves one-directionally from God to the sinner. नई वाचा must signal fulfillment/renewal, never abrogation. Mandatory translator note. | Human theologian |
| 23 | Eschatological Judgment and the State of the Dead | High | 16:19-31; 21:5-36; 23:39-43 | अधोलोक (Hades) must never be पाताल (Hindu Puranic serpent-underworld). परादीस (Paradise) must be kept distinct from Hindu svarga (temporary, merit-graded, cyclical). Both terms require mandatory translator notes every occurrence. | Human theologian |
| 24 | Spiritual Conflict and Deliverance from Demonic Power | Medium | 4:1-13; 8:26-39; 10:17-20; 11:14-26 | शैतान/दुष्टात्मा must be distinguished in teaching contexts from Hindu असुर/राक्षस/भूत-प्रेत folk-belief categories, which operate within a different, morally-ambiguous or ancestral-spirit cosmology rather than a single personal historical adversary. | Native speaker review |
| 25 | Universal Human Accountability and the Reversal of Social Status Before God | High | 2:8-20; 5:27-32; 7:36-50; 18:9-14; 21:1-4 | Shepherds, tax collectors, sinful women, and poor widows are consistently elevated as recipients/models of grace, directly confronting caste- and status-based spiritual hierarchy; renderings must retain this unqualified elevation, not soften it into generic moral instruction. | Human theologian |
| 26 | Witness and Apostolic Mission | Medium | 6:13; 9:1-6; 10:1-20; 24:44-49 | गवाह must stay distinct from the later technical “martyr” sense; फसल (harvest) must be flagged as distinct from the Galatians baseline’s individual-accountability “sowing and reaping” usage to avoid cross-curriculum confusion. | Native speaker review |
| 27 | Interpersonal Forgiveness Modeled on Divine Forgiveness | Medium | 11:4; 17:3-4 | क्षमा करना shares its Greek root with पापों की क्षमा; the repeated, unconditional nature of the command (17:4, “seven times”) must not be softened into an occasional courtesy. | Native speaker review |
| 28 | Love of Enemies and Kingdom Ethics | Medium | 6:27-36; 10:25-37 | अपने बैरियों से प्रेम रखो’s radical scope (economic non-retaliation, 6:34-35) must be preserved without softening; grounded in the Father’s own character (6:35-36), not reciprocal social honor-codes. | Native speaker review |
| 29 | Thanksgiving and Praise | Low | 1:46-55,68-79; 2:20; 24:52-53 | Standard doxological vocabulary; minor risk of over-ritualization beyond the आनन्द caution already documented under Repentance and Forgiveness. | Automated review |
| 30 | Hospitality and Household Mission | Low | 10:38-42; 19:1-10; 24:13-35 | Standard hospitality vocabulary; minor risk only, no significant syncretism collision beyond ordinary narrative-naturalness concerns. | Automated review |
Section B: Chapter-by-Chapter Coverage Confirmation
Per the full-book coverage mandate, every chapter of Luke is reviewed explicitly below. Chapters contributing no new doctrine beyond those already logged are noted as such rather than silently omitted.
| Ch. | Doctrines Present (by # above) | Coverage Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 14, 19, 29 | Annunciation, Magnificat, Zechariah’s prophecy. Dense doctrinal chapter: incarnation/virgin conception, Spirit’s initiating work, Davidic promise, prayer/praise, reversal theology all originate here. |
| 2 | 1, 6, 10, 15, 25, 29 | Birth narrative and Presentation. “Savior…Christ…Lord” (2:11) stacks three Critical titles; shepherd-narrative reinforces status-reversal (25). |
| 3 | 1, 2, 6, 9 (implicit, via voice from heaven), 13 | John’s preaching, Jesus’ baptism, genealogy to Adam (reinforces universal-savior doctrine #1). |
| 4 | Core passage 4:16-21. 2, 3, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 24, 1 (4:25-27) | Anchor chapter of the entire curriculum: anointing, Jubilee inauguration, gospel-to-the-poor, Scripture fulfillment, Spirit’s work, and authority all converge here. |
| 5 | 13, 17, 20, 25, 14 | Call of Peter, healing of paralytic (“your sins are forgiven” — authority to forgive), Levi’s call and banquet with tax collectors/sinners. |
| 6 | 9, 12, 19, 21, 26, 28 | Lord of the Sabbath, choosing of the Twelve, Sermon on the Plain (Blessed/Woe), love of enemies. |
| 7 | 1, 12, 13, 17, 25 | Centurion’s servant (Gentile faith), widow of Nain, sinful woman anoints Jesus’ feet (compassion + forgiveness + table fellowship converge). |
| 8 | 15 (word of God parable), 24, 20 (implicit, calming storm/exorcism) | Parable of the sower ties Kingdom-word doctrine forward to ch. 4’s proclaimed word; Gerasene demoniac extends spiritual-conflict doctrine (24). |
| 9 | 5, 7 (first passion prediction), 8 (foreshadowed, 9:51), 16, 20, 21 | Transfiguration (“This is my Son, my Chosen One” pairs #5 and #21 deliberately); first cost-of-discipleship sayings. |
| 10 | 15, 17, 20, 24, 26, 28 | Sending of the Seventy-Two, Good Samaritan (neighbor/compassion), Mary and Martha (hospitality, #30) begins here. |
| 11 | 14, 15, 24, 27, 19 (woes on Pharisees) | The Lord’s Prayer, teaching on the Holy Spirit and prayer, woes against religious leaders extend reversal theology. |
| 12 | 2 (blasphemy against the Holy Spirit), 14, 15, 23 (implicit judgment warnings) | Highest-stakes single verse for doctrine #2’s negative pole (12:10); reinforces dependence on God over anxiety. |
| 13 | 13, 15, 19 | ”Repent or perish” (mandatory karma-retribution correction); mustard seed/leaven Kingdom parables; narrow door. |
| 14 | 12, 16, 17, 19, 1 | Great banquet parable directly enacts doctrines #12 and #17 together; cost-of-discipleship sayings on carrying one’s cross. |
| 15 | 13, 17, 29 | The lost sheep, coin, and son — the doctrinal core of Repentance and Forgiveness (#13), paired with Jesus’ compassion (#17) and heaven’s joy (#29). |
| 16 | 12, 23, 16 (implicit, mammon/possessions) | Rich man and Lazarus is this curriculum’s central text for both Good News to the Poor (#12) and Eschatological Judgment (#23). |
| 17 | 15, 27, 13 (implicit, ten lepers/gratitude) | “Kingdom of God is among/in the midst of you” (17:20-21) is the single most theologian-flagged verse in doctrine #15. |
| 18 | 13, 6, 16, 19, 14 | Pharisee and tax collector (reversal + repentance), blind beggar’s Son of David cry, rich young ruler, persistent widow (prayer). |
| 19 | 1, 13, 15, 18, 25, 30 | Zacchaeus (“salvation has come to this house,” reprising the “today” motif of #15/#18); entry into Jerusalem; cleansing of the Temple (“house of prayer,” #14/#30). |
| 20 | 6, 7, 9, 20 | Parable of the tenants (rejected cornerstone extends Davidic/Messianic doctrine), resurrection debate with Sadducees, Son of David/Lord question. |
| 21 | 15, 23, 25 | Widow’s mite (status-reversal), eschatological discourse (judgment doctrine), Kingdom’s future consummation. |
| 22 | 9, 10, 14, 21 (implicit, choice of a betrayer), 22 | Last Supper (New Covenant, Critical doctrine #22), Gethsemane (prayer/dependence and true humanity), Jesus before the council (Lordship). |
| 23 | 1, 10, 14, 23 | Crucifixion narrative: centurion’s “certainly this was a righteous man” (universal-savior doctrine), the penitent thief and Paradise (eschatology), Jesus’ prayers from the cross. |
| 24 | 7, 8, 10, 11, 26, 29 | Resurrection appearances (bodily, flesh-and-bones), Emmaus road (Scripture fulfillment), the Great Commission charge (witness/mission), Ascension, and closing praise in the Temple. |
Coverage confirmation: All 24 chapters of Luke have been reviewed. No chapter is silently omitted; chapters with narrower doctrinal footprints (e.g., 8, 12, 17, 21) are explicitly logged above as contributing to specific doctrines already present in Section A, rather than introducing unlisted material.
Section C: Notes on the Core Passage’s Structural Role
Luke 4:16-21 functions as this curriculum’s theological anchor, not its scope boundary. Six of the thirty registry doctrines are directly rooted in this single pericope (#2 Holy Spirit’s work, #3 Anointing, #11 Scripture fulfillment, #12 Good News to the Poor, #15 Kingdom present/future via the “today” motif, #18 Jubilee inauguration), and a seventh (#20 Authority) is immediately adjacent (4:32,36). Every other doctrine in this matrix either prepares for (chs. 1–3) or unfolds from (chs. 5–24) this programmatic announcement. Phase 2 translation work must treat 4:16-21 as the interpretive key against which all downstream renderings of “today,” “Spirit,” “anointed,” “poor,” and “fulfilled” are checked for consistency.
Critical Risk Doctrines
Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor)
Hindi name: सब जातियों और सब लोगों के लिये उद्धारकर्ता यीशु
Key terms: savior, salvation, gentiles, son_of_man_seek_save_lost, righteous_man_centurion
Review routing: Human theologian
उद्धारकर्ता (Savior) must never drift toward मुक्तिदाता, which carries moksha/liberation-from-samsara associations that would make Jesus one deliverer among many possible liberation-paths rather than the unique Savior of all peoples without ethnic or economic distinction. Luke’s genealogy reaching to Adam (3:38, unlike Matthew’s stop at Abraham) and the Gentile centurion’s climactic confession (23:47) must retain their unqualified universal scope.
The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Hindi name: उद्धार के इतिहास में पवित्र आत्मा का कार्य
Key terms: holy_spirit, overshadow, anointed, blasphemy_against_holy_spirit, power_of_god
Review routing: Human theologian
पवित्र आत्मा must never be rendered ब्रह्म or परमात्मा, both of which denote an impersonal universal Self/Absolute in Hindu thought. Luke’s recurring ‘filled with the Spirit’ formula presents a distinct, personal, third divine Person actively directing salvation history from conception (1:35) to the promised outpouring (24:49) — never an impersonal cosmic force resting on a guru or avatar figure.
The Spirit’s Anointing and Messianic Commissioning of Jesus
Hindi name: आत्मा का अभिषेक और यीशु का मसीहाई अधिकार
Key terms: anointed, messiah, holy_spirit
Review routing: Human theologian
अभिषेक करना is the required rendering of χρίω despite being the exact Hindi term for ritual anointing of Hindu deity-images (मूर्ति अभिषेक) and royal coronation ritual — it cannot be avoided because it is the shared root of मसीह itself. Every occurrence risks being heard as a repeatable ritual act performed by human priests on an object rather than the Holy Spirit’s unique, once-for-all commissioning of the divine Son; mandatory translator note required on every occurrence.
The Incarnation and Virgin Conception of Christ
Hindi name: देहधारण और यीशु का कुँवारी से जन्म
Key terms: incarnation, virgin, overshadow, son_of_god
Review routing: Human theologian
देहधारण must never be rendered अवतार (Hindu temporary/repeatable deity-descent). The virgin conception depends on कुँवारी conveying literal virginity, not a vaguer ‘young woman,’ and छाया करना (overshadow) must not be illustrated in any way suggestive of a physical divine-human union, as found in some Hindu avatar-birth narratives — the Spirit’s action is non-physical divine power, not physical paternity.
The Sonship and Deity of Christ
Hindi name: मसीह का पुत्रत्व और ईश्वरत्व
Key terms: son_of_god, son_of_man, chosen_elect, most_high
Review routing: Human theologian
परमेश्वर का पुत्र must remain the full, fixed phrase for Christ’s eternal, unique, co-equal Sonship, and मनुष्य का पुत्र (Son of Man) must never be interchanged or collapsed with it despite both containing ‘पुत्र’ — Luke uses these as two theologically distinct titles throughout all 24 chapters, and blurring them would erase the Danielic-authority sense of the latter and the eternal co-equal-deity sense of the former.
The Bodily Resurrection of Christ
Hindi name: मसीह का शारीरिक पुनरुत्थान
Key terms: resurrection_of_christ, flesh_and_bones, was_dead_and_alive_again
Review routing: Human theologian
पुनरुत्थान must never be rendered पुनर्जन्म (reincarnation). माँस और हड्डियाँ (24:39) is deliberately distinct from TM शरीर to keep this a literal, physical, bodily claim rather than an illusory (māyā) appearance. The figurative ‘was dead and is alive again’ language of ch. 15 (a different Hindi phrase, मरा हुआ था और जी उठा है) must never be conflated with this Critical, literal doctrine.
The Lordship of Christ
Hindi name: मसीह का प्रभुत्व
Key terms: lord, lord_of_the_sabbath, messiah
Review routing: Human theologian
प्रभु must convey exclusive, supreme Lordship, not one lord among many deities. At 6:5 (सब्त के प्रभु), Jesus’ implicit claim to authority over the covenant Sabbath institution itself must not be softened into a mere rule-permission statement, which would obscure the deity-claim embedded in the title.
Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Hindi name: मन फिराव और पापों की क्षमा
Key terms: repentance, forgiveness_of_sins, sinner, lost, repent_or_perish, forgive_interpersonal
Review routing: Human theologian
पापों की क्षमा shares its Greek root (ἄφεσις) with ‘release of captives’ at 4:18, requiring a mandatory cross-reference note every time since Hindi necessarily uses two different words for one Greek concept. मन फिराओ, नहीं तो नाश हो जाओगे (13:1-5) requires explicit pastoral correction of the karma-retribution reading Jesus himself rejects, in which suffering is read as proof of the sufferer’s own guilt.
The New Covenant and Christ’s Atoning Self-Gift
Hindi name: नई वाचा और मसीह का प्रायश्चित्तीय आत्म-दान
Key terms: new_covenant, body_and_blood, covenant
Review routing: Human theologian
देह और लोहू must not be assimilated to the logic of Hindu प्रसाद, in which consecrated food is distributed FROM a deity typically after a prior offering made TO the deity by the worshipper; Christ’s self-giving at the Last Supper moves in the opposite, one-directional sense — from God to the sinner — and this direction must be preserved with a mandatory translator note. नई वाचा must signal fulfillment/renewal, never abrogation of God’s prior covenant faithfulness.
High Risk Doctrines
The Davidic Covenant and Messianic Promise
Hindi name: दाऊदी वाचा और मसीहाई प्रतिज्ञा
Key terms: david, son_of_david, messiah, horn_of_salvation
Review routing: Human theologian
दाऊद की सन्तान and उद्धार का सींग require OT covenant background unfamiliar to most Hindi readers without a Hindu-culture analogue; a marginalized blind beggar’s messianic recognition (18:38-39) must not be flattened into a generic honorific title that loses its specific Davidic-covenant grounding.
The Bodily Ascension of Christ
Hindi name: मसीह का स्वर्गारोहण
Key terms: carried_up_into_heaven, power_of_god
Review routing: Human theologian
स्वर्ग पर उठाया गया must be distinguished from any Hindu narrative of a saint’s or avatar’s mystical bodily dissolution or merging into an impersonal divine — this is a bodily, historical, unrepeatable departure of a still-distinct, embodied person to a specific heavenly location.
The True Humanity of Christ
Hindi name: मसीह की सच्ची मानवता
Key terms: agony, flesh_and_bones
Review routing: Human theologian
अत्यन्त व्याकुलता (Gethsemane agony) must not be stylized into detached, stoic suffering, which would undercut the reality of Christ’s genuine human anguish; माँस और हड्डियाँ (24:39) must be read as real physical substance, not an illusion (māyā), consistent with the resurrection doctrine above.
The Inspiration and Historical Fulfillment of Scripture
Hindi name: पवित्रशास्त्र की प्रेरणा और उसकी ऐतिहासिक पूर्ति
Key terms: scripture, fulfilled, prophet, prophecy
Review routing: Human theologian
पवित्रशास्त्र must be distinguished from Hindu śruti (scripture mystically ‘heard’ by sages); पूरा हो गया है must preserve the Greek perfect tense’s completed-yet-abiding fulfillment sense and must never suggest one fulfillment among a repeating cycle, as in Hindu yuga-cycle cosmology.
Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Hindi name: दीन-हीन और उपेक्षितों के लिये सुसमाचार
Key terms: poor, captives, oppressed_crushed, tax_collector, great_banquet, gospel_to_the_poor_verb
Review routing: Human theologian
गरीब/दीन must retain Luke’s literal, economic specificity and must not be spiritualized away into a purely inward poverty (unlike Matthew’s ‘poor in spirit’); कुचले हुए लोग carries genuine positive resonance with contemporary Indian marginalization discourse and requires native-speaker register calibration so it reads as compassionate biblical description rather than an imported political slogan.
Prayer and Dependence on God
Hindi name: प्रार्थना और परमेश्वर पर आश्रय
Key terms: house_of_prayer, not_my_will_but_yours, father, abba
Review routing: Human theologian
इच्छा (Gethsemane ‘your will’) must remain the personal, purposive will of a personal Father and must never be rendered with भाग्य/नियति (fate/destiny), which would recast dependence on God as fatalistic resignation rather than trust-filled submission to a relational Father.
The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Hindi name: परमेश्वर का राज्य — वर्तमान और भविष्य
Key terms: kingdom_of_god, kingdom_among_you, today, word_of_god, sign
Review routing: Human theologian
तुम्हारे बीच में (17:21) is required over तुम्हारे भीतर, since ‘within you’ risks direct collision with the Vedantic doctrine of the divine (ब्रह्म/परमात्मा) already indwelling the individual self (आत्मा); the four-point आज (‘today’) motif (2:11; 4:21; 19:9; 23:43) must never be softened into a vague future reference, or the doctrine’s already/not-yet tension collapses into pure futurity.
The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Hindi name: चेलेपन की कीमत और आनन्द
Key terms: deny_self_take_up_cross_daily, hate_father_mother, joy_over_repentance, carried_up_into_heaven
Review routing: Human theologian
अपने माता-पिता से भी बढ़कर मुझसे प्रेम रखे (14:26) must render Semitic comparative hyperbole, not literal hatred (घृणा करना), which would be pastorally catastrophic within the family-honor dynamics of Indian culture; हर दिन (‘daily,’ 9:23) — Luke’s distinctive addition absent from the Synoptic parallels — must never be dropped, since it makes discipleship an everyday pattern rather than a single dramatic renunciation.
Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Hindi name: यीशु की करुणा और पापियों के साथ मेज़ की संगति
Key terms: compassion, sinner, tax_collector, great_banquet, neighbor
Review routing: Human theologian
तरस खाना is required as the primary verb for Jesus’ own visceral compassion (7:13; 10:33; 15:20) over करुणा, a major Buddhist technical term (brahmavihāra) that risks recasting Jesus’ spontaneous, personal, embodied response as an impersonal, self-cultivated meditative virtue. पापी must never carry ritual/caste impurity connotations, since Luke’s entire point is Jesus’ deliberate table fellowship with those a purity-based system would treat as untouchable.
The Jubilee Inauguration of the Kingdom (the Acceptable Year of the Lord)
Hindi name: जुबिली की शुरुआत — प्रभु का अनुग्रहकारी वर्ष
Key terms: acceptable_year_of_the_lord, today, release_liberty, fulfilled
Review routing: Human theologian
प्रभु का अनुग्रहकारी वर्ष must not be understood as a repeating festival-calendar observance parallel to Hindu auspicious-year/muhurta cycles; this is Luke’s core-passage climax and must be read as a once-for-all inaugurated historical fulfillment of the Leviticus 25 Jubilee, not a recurring ritual season, and must retain अनुग्रह’s unmerited-favor sense throughout.
The Great Reversal — Exalting the Humble, Humbling the Exalted
Hindi name: बड़ा उलटफेर — दीनों की बढ़ाई, अभिमानियों की नम्रता
Key terms: blessed, woe, poor
Review routing: Human theologian
धन्य and हाय must retain their paired, paradox-announcing and prophetic-judicial force respectively; softening धन्य to a generic ‘happy’ (प्रसन्न) or हाय to a mere sympathetic ‘alas’ (अफ़सोस) collapses the eschatological reversal claim that runs from the Magnificat through the Sermon on the Plain to the Pharisee/tax-collector parable.
The Authority of Christ
Hindi name: मसीह का अधिकार
Key terms: authority, power_of_god, devil
Review routing: Human theologian
अधिकार (ἐξουσία, Jesus’ authoritative right to command) must remain lexically distinct from सामर्थ्य (δύναμις, miracle-working capability, reserved by the baseline for power_of_god) throughout all 24 chapters; conflating the two erases Luke’s careful, structurally important distinction between the right to act and the capability to act.
Election and the Effectual Calling of Disciples
Hindi name: परमेश्वर का चुनाव और चेलों की बुलाहट
Key terms: chosen_elect, called_calling, apostle
Review routing: Human theologian
चुना हुआ (9:35, the Father’s designation of Jesus as ‘my Chosen One’) must be paired with, not substituted for, परमेश्वर का पुत्र in the same verse, and must never be rendered with भाग्यशाली (fortunate/fate-favored), which would import impersonal fate-language into God’s sovereign, personal choice.
Eschatological Judgment and the State of the Dead
Hindi name: अन्तिम न्याय और मृतकों की दशा
Key terms: hades, paradise, wrath_of_god
Review routing: Human theologian
अधोलोक (Hades) must never be rendered पाताल, the Hindu/Puranic subterranean serpent-world with an entirely different cosmology; परादीस (Paradise) must be kept distinct from the Hindu svarga concept of a temporary, merit-graded heavenly abode from which souls eventually return to the rebirth cycle. Both terms require mandatory translator notes on every occurrence.
Universal Human Accountability and the Reversal of Social Status Before God
Hindi name: परमेश्वर के समक्ष सार्वभौमिक उत्तरदायित्व और सामाजिक पद का उलटफेर
Key terms: sinner, tax_collector, widow (contextual), poor
Review routing: Human theologian
Shepherds, tax collectors, sinful women, and poor widows are consistently elevated as recipients and models of grace in Luke, directly confronting caste-based and status-based spiritual hierarchy; renderings must retain this unqualified elevation of the socially low rather than softening it into generic moral instruction.
Medium Risk Doctrines
Spiritual Conflict and Deliverance from Demonic Power
Hindi name: आत्मिक संघर्ष और दुष्टात्माओं से छुटकारा
Key terms: devil, authority
Review routing: Native speaker review
शैतान and दुष्टात्मा must be distinguished in teaching contexts from Hindu असुर/राक्षस/भूत-प्रेत folk-belief categories, which operate within a different, often morally ambiguous or ancestral-spirit cosmology rather than a single personal, historical adversary confronted decisively by Jesus’ authority.
Witness and Apostolic Mission
Hindi name: गवाही और प्रेरितीय मिशन
Key terms: witnesses, apostle, the_harvest
Review routing: Native speaker review
गवाह must be kept distinct from the later technical sense of ‘martyr’; फसल (the harvest, mission-urgency) must be flagged in teaching notes as distinct from the Galatians baseline’s individual-accountability ‘sowing and reaping’ usage to avoid cross-curriculum confusion.
Interpersonal Forgiveness Modeled on Divine Forgiveness
Hindi name: परमेश्वर की क्षमा के आधार पर आपसी क्षमा
Key terms: forgive_interpersonal, forgiveness_of_sins
Review routing: Native speaker review
क्षमा करना shares its Greek root with पापों की क्षमा; the repeated, unconditional nature of the command (17:4, ‘seven times’) must not be softened into a merely occasional courtesy.
Love of Enemies and Kingdom Ethics
Hindi name: बैरियों से प्रेम और राज्य की नैतिकता
Key terms: mercy, neighbor
Review routing: Native speaker review
अपने बैरियों से प्रेम रखो’s radical scope (economic non-retaliation, lending without expecting return, 6:34-35) should be preserved without softening in surrounding exposition; grounded in the character of the Father (6:35-36), not in reciprocal social honor-codes.
Low Risk Doctrines
Thanksgiving and Praise
Hindi name: धन्यवाद और स्तुति
Key terms: doxology, joy_over_repentance
Review routing: Automated review
Standard doxological vocabulary; minor risk of over-ritualization, low collision risk beyond the आनन्द caution already documented under repentance_and_forgiveness_of_sins.
Hospitality and Household Mission
Hindi name: अतिथि-सत्कार और घरेलू मिशन
Key terms: hospitality, house_of_prayer
Review routing: Automated review
Standard hospitality vocabulary; minor risk only, no significant syncretism collision beyond ordinary narrative naturalness concerns.
Referenced passages