Semantic Analysis — 1 Peter (Koine Greek → Hindi)

Curriculum: 1 Peter Core passage: 1 Peter 1:3–9 Method: Core passage receives verse-by-verse treatment of every load-bearing term (original word, transliteration, literal meaning, semantic range, English variants, contextual theological meaning, Hindi-rendering risk). Every subsequent chapter section covers its load-bearing terms with the same fields; terms already fixed in the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json are reused exactly and marked [TM-reuse]. Chapters/sections introducing no new vocabulary state this explicitly.

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PART A — CORE PASSAGE: 1 Peter 1:3–9 (Verse-by-Verse)

1 Peter 1:3

Greek: Εὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὁ κατὰ τὸ πολὺ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς εἰς ἐλπίδα ζῶσαν διʼ ἀναστάσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκ νεκρῶν

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
θεός	theos	God	the one true deity; also generic “a god” in pagan usage	God	The Father who is source of the new birth and the living hope	परमेश्वर (Parameśvara) [TM-reuse, Critical] — never ईश्वर/भगवान in this context
πατήρ	patēr	father	biological father; God as Father of Christ and (derivatively) of believers	Father	God’s personal fatherhood, specifically “Father of our Lord Jesus Christ” here, distinct from 1:17’s Father-as-judge	पिता (Pitā) [TM-reuse, Critical]
κύριος	kyrios	lord, master	owner/master; supreme divine title; polite address (“sir”)	Lord	Exclusive supreme Lordship of the risen Christ	प्रभु (Prabhu) [TM-reuse, Critical]
Ἰησοῦς Χριστός	Iēsous Christos	Jesus [the] Christ/Anointed	proper name + messianic title	Jesus Christ	Full messianic identity	यीशु मसीह [TM-reuse, Critical]
ἔλεος	eleos	pity, compassion shown to the miserable	compassion; mercy toward those in a wretched condition (distinct from χάρις, unmerited favor to the guilty)	mercy	God’s compassionate initiative that caused the new birth; the ground, not the merit, of regeneration	दया (dayā) [TM-reuse, Medium] — kept distinct from अनुग्रह (grace) per baseline mercy/grace distinction
ἀναγεννήσας	anagennēsas	having begotten again, caused to be [re]born	begetting anew; regeneration by an agent outside oneself	caused us to be born again; gave us new birth	God’s own sovereign act of spiritual regeneration — not a repeatable cycle and not self-achieved	verb form of नया जन्म (nayā janma) — “नया जन्म दिया” [TM-reuse, Critical] — NEVER पुनर्जन्म (reincarnation); the baseline new_birth prohibition applies with full force to this verse, the letter’s programmatic regeneration statement
ἐλπὶς ζῶσα	elpis zōsa	living hope	ἐλπίς = expectation, hope (can be secular/uncertain in Greek usage); ζῶσα = living, animate	living hope	Hope grounded in a historical, bodily resurrection — active, certain, not wishful or fatalistic	जीवित आशा (jīvita āśā) — NEW TERM, High risk. आशा alone can register as a mere wish or uncertain expectation (cf. Hindi भाग्य/किस्मत-adjacent fatalism the baseline already flags); जीवित must be retained to signal an objectively grounded, resurrection-anchored hope, not pious optimism. Mandatory pairing with पुनरुत्थान in glosses.
ἀνάστασις…ἐκ νεκρῶν	anastasis ek nekrōn	resurrection from [the] dead	ἀνάστασις = standing up again, rising; bodily resurrection as a technical NT term	resurrection from the dead	Christ’s historical, bodily, once-for-all resurrection — the objective basis of the living hope and the letter’s core doctrine (Living Hope of the Resurrection)	पुनरुत्थान (punaruttāna) [TM-reuse, Critical] — never पुनर्जन्म; distinguish explicitly in translator notes from reincarnation cycles

1 Peter 1:4

Greek: εἰς κληρονομίαν ἄφθαρτον καὶ ἀμίαντον καὶ ἀμάραντον, τετηρημένην ἐν οὐρανοῖς εἰς ὑμᾶς

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
κληρονομία	klēronomia	inheritance	portion received by an heir; allotted possession	inheritance	The believer’s certain future possession, secured by God, received by grace, not earned	मीरास (mīrāsa) — NEW TERM, High risk. Consistent with the baseline वारिस (heir, Galatians TM); must never be framed as merit-earned family inheritance under Indian succession custom, but as an unconditional gift secured by God’s own keeping
ἄφθαρτος	aphthartos	not corruptible, imperishable	free from decay/corruption (φθείρω = to corrupt/destroy)	imperishable, incorruptible	The inheritance cannot decay, unlike earthly wealth or bodily existence	अविनाशी (avinaśī) — NEW TERM, Medium risk. Must not be heard as a philosophical claim about an impersonal eternal substance (as in some Hindu metaphysics of the imperishable ātman); it describes God’s gift’s durability, not a shared divine essence
ἀμίαντος	amiantos	unstained, undefiled	free from ritual/moral defilement (μιαίνω = to defile)	undefiled	Untouched by sin’s corrupting effect	निष्कलंक (niṣkalaṅka) — NEW TERM, Low-Medium risk
ἀμάραντος	amarantos	unfading, not withering	botanical metaphor: a flower that does not wilt	unfading	Contrasts with 1:24’s grass/flower that withers — permanence against all earthly transience	अनश्वर (anaśvara) — NEW TERM, Medium risk. Reused identically for the “unfading crown” (5:4, ἀμαράντινος, same root) to preserve the letter’s internal echo
τηρημένην ἐν οὐρανοῖς	tetērēmenēn en ouranois	having been kept in [the] heavens	reserved, guarded, preserved	reserved/kept in heaven	God himself safeguards the inheritance; security rests in his custody, not the believer’s effort	रखी हुई … स्वर्ग में — स्वर्ग (svarga, heaven) is Low risk as an established biblical term, but flagged for a translator note distinguishing from Hindu स्वर्ग (a temporary heavenly abode within the reincarnation cosmology, from which one eventually descends again)

1 Peter 1:5

Greek: τοὺς ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ φρουρουμένους διὰ πίστεως εἰς σωτηρίαν ἑτοίμην ἀποκαλυφθῆναι ἐν καιρῷ ἐσχάτῳ

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
φρουρουμένους	phrouroumenous	being garrisoned, guarded	military metaphor: guarded as by a garrison/sentry	guarded, protected, kept	God’s ongoing, active protective custody of believers until the inheritance is revealed	सुरक्षित रखे हुए (surakṣita rakhe hue) — NEW TERM, Medium risk. Must convey active divine guarding, not passive fate/luck
δύναμις Θεοῦ	dynamis theou	power of God	might, capability, power	power of God	The efficient means by which believers are kept	परमेश्वर की सामर्थ्य [TM-reuse, High] — never शक्ति
πίστις	pistis	faith, trust	trust/reliance; also “faithfulness”	faith	The instrumental means through which believers are guarded — trust in Christ, not a magical safeguard	विश्वास [TM-reuse, High]
σωτηρία	sōtēria	salvation, deliverance	rescue, deliverance, well-being	salvation	The full, future, unveiled deliverance — already secured, yet to be consummated	उद्धार [TM-reuse, Critical] — never मुक्ति/मोक्ष
ἀποκαλυφθῆναι	apokalyphthēnai	to be uncovered, revealed	disclosure of what was hidden	to be revealed	Eschatological unveiling at Christ’s return	प्रकट होने के लिये / प्रकाशन-रूप में — reuse प्रकाशन root [TM-reuse pattern, Medium]
ἐν καιρῷ ἐσχάτῳ	en kairō eschatō	in the last time/season	appointed, decisive time	last time	The end-time, not an indefinite cosmic cycle-point	अन्तिम समय (antima samaya) — Low risk, standard eschatological vocabulary

1 Peter 1:6

Greek: ἐν ᾧ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, ὀλίγον ἄρτι, εἰ δέον, λυπηθέντες ἐν ποικίλοις πειρασμοῖς

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
ἀγαλλιᾶσθε	agalliasthe	you exult, greatly rejoice	intense, exuberant joy/celebration	rejoice greatly, exult	A joy that coexists with present grief because it is anchored in the future inheritance, not present circumstance	अत्यन्त आनन्द मनाना/आनन्दित होना — NEW TERM, Medium risk. Kept lexically distinct from the milder χαρά (1:8, आनन्द) to preserve the intensity
λυπηθέντες	lypēthentes	having been grieved	sorrow, distress, pain of heart	grieved, distressed	Genuine, acknowledged sorrow — not denied or spiritualized away	दुखी हुए (dukhī hue) — related to but distinct from πάθημα/suffering (see Glossary “suffering” entry); this is emotional grief specifically
ποικίλοις πειρασμοῖς	poikilois peirasmois	various/many-colored trials	testing circumstances; can mean “temptation” or “trial” depending on context	various trials, diverse trials	Trials permitted by a personal God for faith’s refining, not karmic consequence or impersonal fate	विभिन्न परीक्षाओं (vibhinna parīkṣāoṃ) — NEW TERM, High risk. Must be read as purposeful divine testing under a personal God’s providence (cf. TM providence entry), never as automatic karmic consequence of past deeds

1 Peter 1:7

Greek: ἵνα τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως πολυτιμότερον χρυσίου τοῦ ἀπολλυμένου διὰ πυρὸς δὲ δοκιμαζομένου εὑρεθῇ εἰς ἔπαινον καὶ δόξαν καὶ τιμὴν ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
δοκίμιον	dokimion	the tested/proven genuineness	that which results from testing; proof of genuineness	genuineness, proven character, tested faith	Faith’s authenticity demonstrated (not created) through trial, like refined metal	परखा हुआ विश्वास (parakhā huā viśvāsa) — NEW TERM, High risk. The refining-fire metaphor must not read as the faith itself being manufactured or earned through suffering; suffering proves, it does not produce, genuine faith
χρυσίον…διὰ πυρὸς δοκιμαζομένου	chrysion dia pyros dokimazomenou	gold tested/proved by fire	metallurgical refining process	gold tested by fire	Comparative image showing faith’s superior value and durability over even refined precious metal	सोना जो आग में परखा जाता है — Low risk, natural metaphor
ἔπαινος, δόξα, τιμή	epainos, doxa, timē	praise, glory, honor	commendation; radiant honor; esteem	praise and glory and honor	The commendation believers will receive from God at Christ’s return — grace-grounded reward, not merit-accumulation	प्रशंसा, महिमा, आदर — महिमा [TM-reuse, High]; प्रशंसा/आदर Low risk
ἀποκάλυψις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	apokalypsis Iēsou Christou	revelation of Jesus Christ	unveiling, disclosure	revelation/appearing of Jesus Christ	Christ’s future, visible return	प्रकाशन [TM-reuse from Galatians TM, Medium] — “यीशु मसीह का प्रकाशन”

1 Peter 1:8

Greek: ὃν οὐκ ἰδόντες ἀγαπᾶτε, εἰς ὃν ἄρτι μὴ ὁρῶντες πιστεύοντες δὲ ἀγαλλιᾶτε χαρᾷ ἀνεκλαλήτῳ καὶ δεδοξασμένῃ

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
ἀγαπᾶτε	agapate	you love	selfless, covenantal love (ἀγάπη)	you love	Personal love for the unseen, risen Christ — direct relational devotion, not devotion to an abstract principle	प्रेम करते हो (prema karate ho) — Low-Medium risk, standard; note distinguishing from bhakti-style devotional love toward a chosen deity among many
πιστεύοντες	pisteuontes	believing, trusting	trust/reliance	believing	Present, ongoing trust in a person not physically seen	विश्वास करते हुए [TM-reuse, High]
χαρᾷ ἀνεκλαλήτῳ καὶ δεδοξασμένῃ	chara aneklalētō kai dedoxasmenē	joy unspeakable/inexpressible and glorified	joy beyond verbal expression; joy suffused with divine glory	joy inexpressible and full of glory	A joy already touched by eschatological glory even while suffering continues	अकथनीय और महिमा से भरा आनन्द — महिमा [TM-reuse, High]; अकथनीय Low risk

1 Peter 1:9

Greek: κομιζόμενοι τὸ τέλος τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
κομιζόμενοι	komizomenoi	obtaining, receiving [for oneself]	receiving what is due or promised	obtaining, receiving	Present possession of the goal, already being realized even now, not only in the future	प्राप्त करते हुए — Low risk
τέλος	telos	end, goal, outcome	completion, purpose, result (not “termination”)	outcome, goal, culmination	The intended destination/fulfillment of faith, not an accumulated reward for merit	परिणाम (pariṇāma) — NEW TERM, Medium risk. Avoid प्रतिफल (“recompense/reward for deeds”), which would tilt toward a merit-payment reading incompatible with grace
σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν	sōtērian psychōn	salvation of souls	ψυχή = soul, life, self (whole-person category in Hebraic usage, not a disembodied “soul” as in Greek dualism)	salvation of your souls	The full, personal salvation of the whole self — not escape of an immortal soul from the body (cf. Hindu ātman)	प्राणों का उद्धार (prāṇoṃ kā uddhāra) — reuse उद्धार [TM-reuse, Critical]; प्राण (soul/life) Medium risk — must be read as the whole person, not a disembodied spirit-substance seeking liberation from embodiment

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PART B — CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER STUDY OF THE WHOLE BOOK

Chapter 1 — Remainder (1:1–2, 1:10–25)

1:1–2 (Salutation — identity terms)

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
ἐκλεκτοῖς	eklektois	elect, chosen ones	selected, singled out	elect, chosen	Believers as God’s sovereignly chosen people, scattered among nations	चुने हुए — ties to परमेश्वर का चुनाव [TM-reuse, High]
παρεπίδημοι	parepidēmoi	resident aliens, sojourners, temporary foreign residents	one dwelling temporarily away from one’s true home/citizenship	sojourners, pilgrims, exiles	The letter’s governing self-identity metaphor: believers as a scattered people whose true homeland is heavenly, living faithfully within an alien society	परदेशी (paradeśī) — NEW TERM, High risk, recurring 2:11, 5:13. Must not be softened into a merely social/geographic label; it is a theological identity marker distinguishing believers’ ultimate citizenship from present social location — importantly this is NOT a call to social withdrawal (see 2:12–17)
διασπορᾶς	diasporas	of [the] dispersion, scattering	the scattering of a people among nations	dispersion	Applied here to God’s scattered elect people generally, echoing Jewish diaspora vocabulary	बिखराव/प्रवास — Low-Medium risk, contextual gloss needed
πρόγνωσις Θεοῦ Πατρός	prognōsis theou patros	foreknowledge of God the Father	prior knowledge; here relational foreknowing, not mere prediction	foreknowledge	God’s Father’s sovereign foreknowing that grounds election	पहले से जानना [TM-reuse, High]
ἐν ἁγιασμῷ Πνεύματος	en hagiasmō Pneumatos	in [the] sanctification of [the] Spirit	the Spirit’s setting-apart work	sanctification of the Spirit	The Spirit’s sanctifying agency in election, alongside the Father’s foreknowledge and the Son’s blood	पवित्रीकरण [TM-reuse, High]
ῥαντισμὸν αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	rhantismon haimatos Iēsou Christou	sprinkling of [the] blood of Jesus Christ	covenant-ratification imagery from Exodus 24	sprinkling with his blood	Christ’s blood ratifies the new covenant obedience of believers	लहू का छिड़काव — NEW TERM, Medium risk; लहू (blood) Low risk, standard; छिड़काव needs OT covenant-background gloss for readers with low OT literacy
χάρις…καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη	charis…kai eirēnē plēthyntheiē	grace…and peace, may [it] be multiplied	epistolary blessing formula	grace and peace be multiplied	Standard apostolic greeting	अनुग्रह और शांति [TM-reuse, High/Medium]

1:10–12 (Prophetic anticipation) — reuses भविष्यद्वक्ता (prophet), भविष्यवाणी (prophecy) [TM-reuse, Low]; महिमा (glory) [TM-reuse, High]; introduces दुख/suffering applied to Christ (“the sufferings of Christ,” τὰ…παθήματα) — see dedicated glossary entry below (Critical, doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering). स्वर्गदूत (angels) — standard biblical term, Low risk.

1:13–14 (Call to sober hope and obedience) — ἀναζωσάμενοι τὴν διάνοιαν (“having girded up the mind”) rendered idiomatically “अपने मन को कसकर तैयार करो” (Medium risk — the loin-girding idiom needs a natural Hindi equivalent, not literal translation per the AI instruction set’s idiom-handling rule); νήφοντες (“being sober-minded”) ties to 4:7/5:8 — reuse consistent रendering “सचेत रहो”; τέκνα ὑπακο�ῆς (“children of obedience”) reuses आज्ञाकारिता [TM-reuse pattern from obedience_of_faith, High].

1:15–16 (Holiness call, quoting Lev 11:44/19:2) — reuses पवित्र (holy) [TM-reuse, High]; introduces ἀναστροφή (“conduct, way of life”) = चालचलन (cālacalana) — NEW TERM, Low-Medium risk, recurring throughout the letter (2:12; 3:1–2,16) as a key behavioral term for the “Holiness in Conduct” doctrine.

1:17 (Fear during exile) — φόβος (“fear”) = भय (bhaya) — NEW TERM, High risk. Must be reverential awe before a just Father-Judge, not terror; distinguish from generic डर and from ritual fear of capricious deities. παροικία (“time of exile/sojourning”) reuses परदेशी-family vocabulary.

1:18–19 (Ransom by precious blood) — ἐλυτρώθητε (“you were ransomed/redeemed”) reuses छुटकारा [TM-reuse, High]; τίμιον αἷμα (“precious blood”) = बहुमूल्य लहू (bahumūlya lahū) — NEW TERM, Critical risk (doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering) — must not be assimilated to बलि/यज्ञ ritual-offering vocabulary per baseline caution; ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος (“without blemish or spot”) = निर्दोष और निष्कलंक (nirdoṣa aura niṣkalaṅka) — NEW TERM, High risk, Passover/sacrificial-lamb background requiring OT gloss for low-OT-literacy readers.

1:20 (Foreordination) — προεγνωσμένου reuses पहले से जानना [TM-reuse, High].

1:21 — reuses विश्वास, पुनरुत्थान, महिमा [TM-reuse].

1:22 (Purified souls, sincere brotherly love) — ἡγνικότες (“having purified”) = पवित्र किए हुए (pavitra kiye hue) — rendered via the sanctification family rather than शुद्ध, consistent with the baseline’s caution against शुद्ध’s ritual-purity drift; φιλαδελφία (“brotherly love”) reuses भाईचारे का प्रेम [TM-reuse from Galatians TM, Medium].

1:23–25 (New birth by the living word; Isaiah 40 quotation) — ἀναγεγεννημένοι reuses नया जन्म [TM-reuse, Critical]; σπορᾶς ἀφθάρτου (“imperishable seed”) = अविनाशी बीज (avinaśī bīja) — NEW TERM, Medium risk, reusing अविनाशी from 1:4; λόγος ζῶν καὶ μένων (“living and abiding word”) = जीवित और सदा ठहरनेवाला वचन (jīvita aura sadā ṭaharanevālā vacana) — NEW TERM, High risk, must be read as God’s own enduring self-disclosure (Scripture), not an impersonal eternal syllable/mantra (cf. Hindu concept of the eternal Word/Om); reuses वचन (established, neutral).

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Chapter 2

2:1 (Vices to be put away) — κακία (“malice”) = बुराई/द्वेष (dveṣa); δόλος (“deceit”) = छल (chala); ὑποκρίσεις (“hypocrisies”) reuses कपट [TM-reuse from Galatians TM, Medium]; φθόνοι (“envies”) = ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā); καταλαλιαί (“slanders”) — NEW TERM: rendered चुगली (cugalī, backbiting/slander) rather than निंदा, deliberately avoiding collision with the baseline’s use of निंदा as a rejected alternative in the Critical condemnation (दण्ड की आज्ञा) entry — Medium risk, flagged for consistency review.

2:2 (Pure spiritual milk) — λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα (“word-related/reasonable, unadulterated milk”) = वचन का शुद्ध दूध (vacana kā śuddha dūdha) — NEW TERM, Medium risk. λογικόν ties to λόγος (1:23’s “word”), not to a generic “spiritual” category; the Hindi should preserve the word/milk connection so readers see continuity with the “living word” of 1:23, rather than drifting toward a vague “spiritual nourishment” reading detachable from Scripture.

2:3 — reuses established vocabulary (χρηστός, “good/kind” — Lord’s goodness); no new theological terms beyond standard.

2:4–8 (Living Stone; core doctrine: Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood, foundational imagery)

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
λίθος ζῶν	lithos zōn	living stone	animate building-stone (paradoxical)	living stone	Christ himself as the foundation and building material of the new spiritual temple	जीवित पत्थर (jīvita patthara) — NEW TERM, High risk; the “living” qualifier is essential — without it the metaphor collapses into ordinary masonry imagery with no christological force
ἀκρογωνιαῖος	akrogōniaios	extreme-corner[-stone]	chief/foundation cornerstone	cornerstone	Christ as the structurally decisive, load-bearing stone of the church	कोने का प्रधान पत्थर — NEW TERM, Medium risk
λίθος προσκόμματος	lithos proskommatos	stone of stumbling	an obstacle causing one to trip	stumbling stone	Christ as the point at which unbelief fatally stumbles	ठोकर का पत्थर [TM-reuse, Medium]
οἶκος πνευματικός	oikos pneumatikos	spiritual house	a house/household built of spiritual (not physical) material	spiritual house	The church as God’s true temple, composed of believers	आत्मिक घर (ātmika ghara) — NEW TERM, Medium risk
ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον	hierateuma hagion	holy priesthood	the priestly order/office, considered holy	holy priesthood	Every believer’s priestly access to God and priestly service — a corporate, not individual-elite, office	पवित्र याजकपद (pavitra yājakapada) — NEW TERM, Critical risk. याजक (priest) is the established biblical term (used of OT Levitical priests) and must be used rather than पुजारी, which in Hindu usage denotes a ritual specialist performing puja on behalf of others who themselves have no direct priestly access — the very hierarchy 1 Peter 2:5,9 abolishes by declaring ALL believers priests. Mandatory theologian review.
πνευματικαὶ θυσίαι	pneumatikai thysiai	spiritual sacrifices	offerings not consisting of animal/material substance	spiritual sacrifices	The believer’s whole-life offerings (praise, obedience, service), not ritual animal sacrifice	आत्मिक बलिदान — reuses the established बलिदान pattern from the baseline’s living_sacrifice entry (never बलि/यज्ञ) [TM-reuse pattern, High]

2:9–10 (Chosen race, royal priesthood, holy nation — CORE DOCTRINE)

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
γένος ἐκλεκτόν	genos eklekton	chosen race/kind/family	γένος = race, kind, offspring, family-line	chosen race, chosen people	The church’s new, God-given corporate identity replacing all prior ethnic/social identity markers	चुना हुआ वंश (cunā huā vaṃśa) — NEW TERM, Critical risk. जाति (“caste/race/nation” in common Hindi usage) MUST NOT be used, as जाति is the standard Hindi word for the Indian caste category and would make this verse sound like it installs believers into a new, spiritually superior caste rather than abolishing caste-based spiritual ranking altogether. वंश (lineage/descent, already used for वंश = “seed” in the Galatians TM seed_of_abraham entry) avoids this collision while preserving γένος’s family/lineage sense. Mandatory theologian AND native-speaker review.
βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα	basileion hierateuma	royal priesthood	a priesthood belonging to/exercising royal dignity	royal priesthood	Believers share in Christ’s kingly and priestly office corporately	राजकीय याजकपद — NEW TERM, Critical (see ἱεράτευμα note above)
ἔθνος ἅγιον	ethnos hagion	holy nation	a people-group set apart for God	holy nation	The church as God’s set-apart people transcending ethnicity	पवित्र राष्ट्र — reuses राष्ट्र (established mission-context term) + पवित्र [TM-reuse pattern, Medium]
λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν	laos eis peripoiēsin	people for possession/acquisition	a people acquired/treasured for oneself	people for his own possession, treasured people	God’s own acquired, cherished people — echoing Exodus 19:5–6	परमेश्वर की अपनी प्रजा — NEW TERM, Medium risk; प्रजा (people/citizenry) is a Low-risk established word
ἐκ σκότους εἰς…φῶς	ek skotous eis…phōs	out of darkness into…light	moral/spiritual darkness and light contrast	out of darkness into light	God’s decisive rescue and calling; echoes armor_of_light imagery	अंधकार से … ज्योति में — reuses established अंधकार/ज्योति pairing [TM-reuse pattern, Medium]; per baseline glory-entry caution, do not extend into Hindu divine-light metaphysics

2:11–17 (Sojourners; submission to civil authority — core doctrine: Submission to Authority)

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
παρόικοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι	paroikoi kai parepidēmoi	resident aliens and sojourners	temporary/foreign residents	sojourners and exiles	Reaffirms the 1:1 identity theme as an ethical foundation for conduct among outsiders	परदेशी और यात्री [reuses 1:1 परदेशी, High]
ἀναστροφὴ καλή	anastrophē kalē	good conduct	commendable way of life	good conduct, good behavior	Visible, winsome behavior meant to silence slander and draw glory to God	अच्छा चालचलन [reuses 1:15 चालचलन, Medium]
ἐπισκοπή	episkopē	visitation, oversight	a time of official inspection/visiting	day of visitation	The day God visits (in judgment or grace) — related to ἐπίσκοπος, “overseer” (2:25; 5:2)	निरीक्षण का दिन (nirīkṣaṇa kā dina) — NEW TERM, Medium risk. Avoid दर्शन (which in Hindu usage denotes a devotee’s sight of a deity’s presence)
ὑποτάγητε	hypotagēte	be subject, submit yourselves	voluntary ordering of oneself under another’s authority	submit, be subject	Voluntary, gospel-motivated submission to human institutions for the Lord’s sake — NOT submission grounded in inherent inferiority	अधीन हो जाओ (adhīna ho jāo) — NEW TERM, High risk, recurring 2:18; 3:1,5; 5:5. Given India’s existing caste, gender, and age-based hierarchies, this term risks being heard as endorsing permanent social subordination or inherent lesser worth rather than a voluntary, Christ-modeled posture freely adopted “for the Lord’s sake” (2:13) by people who are simultaneously declared a royal priesthood (2:9). Mandatory theologian review with a translator note on every occurrence distinguishing voluntary gospel-submission from caste/gender-based subjugation.
ἀνθρωπίνη κτίσις	anthrōpinē ktisis	human creation/institution	human-established authority structure	human institution	Civil/social authority structures generally	मानवीय संस्था/प्रबन्ध — NEW TERM, Medium risk; व्यवस्था must NOT be used here (reserved exclusively for Torah/Mosaic Law per baseline)
βασιλεύς, ἡγεμόνες	basileus, hēgemones	king, governors	emperor/king; provincial governors	emperor, governors	Roman imperial and provincial civil authority — parallel to Romans 13’s शासन के अधिकारी	राजा, हाकिम — reuses established governing_authorities pattern [TM-reuse, Medium]; Romans 13:1–7 routing rule (native speaker review) extends here
ἐλευθερία	eleutheria	freedom	liberty	freedom	Christian freedom, immediately qualified as not a covering for evil	स्वतंत्रता [TM-reuse from Galatians TM, Critical] — never मुक्ति/मोक्ष
τιμήσατε	timēsate	honor	respect, esteem	honor	Fourfold command: honor everyone, love the brotherhood, fear God, honor the emperor — note the deliberate distinction between honoring the emperor (τιμή) and fearing God (φόβος), preserving God’s unique claim	आदर करो / भय रखो — Low-Medium risk; the distinction between आदर (for emperor) and भय (reserved for God, from 1:17) must be preserved to avoid implying equal ultimate allegiance

2:18–25 (Household servants; Christ’s exemplary suffering — core doctrines: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering, Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake)

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
οἰκέται	oiketai	household servants	domestic slaves/servants	servants, household slaves	Addressed directly, dignified as moral agents capable of Christlike endurance	दास/सेवक — reuses established दास (slavery family) [TM-reuse, Medium]
δεσπόται	despotai	masters	household master/owner	masters	Human masters, contextually distinct from the divine Lord	स्वामी (svāmī) — used here ONLY for human masters; must never be substituted for प्रभु (reserved exclusively for Christ’s divine Lordship) — Medium risk, contextual note required
χάρις (2:19–20)	charis	grace, credit, commendable thing	favor; here “a credit/commendable thing”	this is a gracious thing, this finds favor	Suffering unjustly while trusting God is itself something God commends/credits — not suffering as an end in itself	अनुग्रह की बात [reuses अनुग्रह, High] — must not be misread as “suffering earns merit”; the commendation flows from trust in God amid unjust suffering, not from the suffering’s inherent value
πάσχω / πάθημα	paschō / pathēma	to suffer / suffering	to experience, undergo (often but not exclusively negative); the noun form for what is undergone	suffer, suffering, affliction	See dedicated glossary entry below — this is the letter’s central recurring theological term (doctrines: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake; Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering)	दुख / दुख उठाना (dukha / dukha uṭhānā) — Critical risk, full treatment below
ὑπογραμμός	hypogrammos	copy-model, pattern to trace/imitate	a writing-model for students to copy	example, pattern	Christ’s suffering is a pattern for imitation, not merely an abstract doctrine	आदर्श (ādarśa) — NEW TERM, Medium risk
ἀναφέρω (τὰς ἁμαρτίας…ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον)	anapherō	to carry/bear up	to bear a burden, especially upward/onto something	he himself bore our sins	Christ’s substitutionary bearing of sin’s penalty in his own body, on the cross	उठा लिया — reuses क्रूस for ξύλον (“tree,” clearly the cross here) [TM-reuse pattern, Critical]
τῷ μώλωπι…ἰάθητε	tō mōlōpi…iathēte	by the wound/bruise…you were healed	scourge-wound; healed	by his wounds you have been healed	Quotation of Isaiah 53:5; spiritual healing/restoration through Christ’s suffering	घावों से…चंगे हुए — Low-Medium risk, standard healing vocabulary
ποιμήν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος (τῶν ψυχῶν)	poimēn kai episkopos	shepherd and overseer [of the souls]	pastoral care and guardianship imagery	Shepherd and Overseer of your souls	Christ’s own pastoral care, the model behind the human elders of 5:1–4	चरवाहा और रखवाला — NEW TERM, Medium risk, ties forward to 5:2

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Chapter 3

3:1–7 (Wives and husbands) — reuses ὑποτάγητε (अधीन) [High risk, see 2:13 entry]; introduces:

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
πραέως καὶ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος	praeōs kai hēsychiou pneumatos	gentle and quiet spirit	mildness; tranquility	gentle and quiet spirit	An inward disposition of the heart valued by God — not enforced silence or social invisibility	नम्र और शान्त आत्मा — NEW TERM, Medium risk; must be read as inward character, not a requirement of public silencing
κύριον (of Abraham, 3:6)	kyrion	lord, master	honorific address to a husband	[she called him] lord	Sarah’s culturally normal honorific address to Abraham — a HUMAN honorific, not a theological Lordship claim	स्वामी — used here only for the human-honorific sense, explicitly NOT प्रभु; Medium risk, mandatory translator note to prevent conflating this with Christ’s exclusive Lordship
ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος	asthenesteron skeuos	weaker vessel	frailer container/instrument	weaker vessel	Physical descriptor calling husbands to considerate honor, not a statement of spiritual or moral inferiority	निर्बल पात्र — reuses निर्बल (established from weak_in_faith) [TM-reuse pattern, High]; must not be read to imply diminished spiritual standing, since the same verse calls wives “heirs together” of grace
συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς	synklēronomoi charitos zōēs	co-heirs of [the] grace of life	joint inheritance	heirs together of the grace of life	Full spiritual equality in inheritance despite social/household role distinctions	अनुग्रह…की मीरास के सहभागी — reuses अनुग्रह + मीरास [High]

3:8–12 (Unity and blessing; Psalm 34 quotation)

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
ταπεινόφρων / ταπεινοφροσύνη	tapeinophrōn / tapeinophrosynē	humble-minded / humility	lowliness of mind, self-effacement (not degradation)	humble-minded, humility	A positive Christian virtue, contrasted with worldly status-seeking — links to 5:5–6’s core doctrine (Elders and Humility)	नम्रता / नम्र (namratā / namra) — reuses established नम्रता from restore_gently entry [TM-reuse, High], treated as a fixed term across the letter
μὴ ἀποδιδόντες κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ…εὐλογοῦντες	mē apodidontes kakon anti kakou…eulogountes	not repaying evil for evil…but blessing	non-retaliation; pronouncing blessing	not repaying evil for evil, but blessing	Active blessing in response to wrong, echoing Christ’s own pattern (2:23)	बुराई का बदला बुराई से नहीं, परन्तु आशीष देना — reuses आशीष [TM-reuse from Galatians TM, Medium]

3:13–17 (Suffering for righteousness; core doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake) — reuses दुख/suffering family [Critical]; धर्मी/धार्मिकता (righteous/righteousness) [TM-reuse, Critical]; विवेक (conscience) [TM-reuse, High]; introduces:

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
ἁγιάσατε Κύριον τὸν Χριστὸν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις	hagiasate Kyrion ton Christon en tais kardiais	sanctify [as] Lord the Christ in your hearts	set apart/regard as holy	sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts	An inward enthronement of Christ’s Lordship that grounds courageous, gentle testimony under pressure	अपने हृदयों में मसीह को प्रभु मानकर पवित्र समझो — reuses पवित्र + प्रभु [TM-reuse, Critical]
ἀπολογία	apologia	reasoned defense, account	formal or informal verbal defense	answer, defense, account	A reasoned, respectful defense of the hope believers hold — not aggressive confrontation	उत्तर (uttara) — Low risk, standard
μετὰ πραΰτητος καὶ φόβου	meta prautētos kai phobou	with gentleness and fear	mildness and reverence	with gentleness and respect	The manner of Christian witness: gentle toward people, reverent toward God	नम्रता और भय के साथ — reuses नम्रता + भय [TM-reuse pattern, High]

3:18–22 (Christ’s death, proclamation to the spirits, baptism, exaltation — core doctrines: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering; Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits) — the letter’s most exegetically contested unit.

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
ἅπαξ	hapax	once, one time	a single, unrepeated occurrence	once for all	Christ’s suffering for sins was a single, complete, unrepeatable event — foundational to the letter’s whole suffering-theology	एक बार (eka bāra) — Medium risk; must be reinforced as unrepeatable and complete, echoing the baseline’s crucified_with_christ “perfect tense, abiding result” caution
δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων	dikaios hyper adikōn	[the] righteous on behalf of [the] unrighteous	substitution: one for many, righteous for unrighteous	the righteous for the unrighteous	Direct substitutionary atonement statement	धर्मी…अधर्मियों के लिये — reuses धर्मी (from justification family) [TM-reuse, Critical]; never धर्म-rooted terms softened toward “dutiful” vs “undutiful”
θανατωθεὶς…σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς…πνεύματι	thanatōtheis sarki, zōopoiētheis pneumati	put to death in flesh, made alive in spirit	contrast of two modes/spheres of Christ’s existence	put to death in the flesh but made alive in the spirit	Debated: Christ’s own resurrection mode of being, or the agency of the Holy Spirit in his resurrection — exegetically disputed and must be rendered literally, preserving the ambiguity rather than resolving it	शरीर में मार डाला गया…आत्मा में जीवित किया गया — reuses शरीर, आत्मा [TM-reuse, Critical] — mandatory theologian review; do not resolve the “spirit” (Holy Spirit vs. Christ’s own spirit) ambiguity in the Hindi rendering itself; record interpretive options as alternatives_considered only
τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν…ἐκήρυξεν	tois en phylakē pneumasin…ekēryxen	to the spirits in prison…he proclaimed	disembodied spirits; a place of confinement; proclamation/announcement (κηρύσσω, not necessarily “gospel-preaching” εὐαγγελίζω)	he went and proclaimed to the spirits in prison	One of the most contested texts in the NT (referents debated: fallen angels of Genesis 6/1 Enoch tradition; Noah’s disobedient human contemporaries; the timing debated: pre-incarnate, at death, or post-resurrection)	आत्माएँ…बन्दीगृह में…जाकर प्रचार किया — NEW TERM, Critical risk, mandatory theologian review on every occurrence. Two guardrails: (1) render literally without resolving the disputed referent/timing in the Hindi text itself — record exegetical options as alternatives_considered; (2) guard against any reading that suggests a post-mortem “second chance” for the dead, which would resonate dangerously with Hindu/Buddhist afterlife cosmologies (bardo-like intermediate states, reincarnation opportunities for accumulated karma to be resolved) — the proclamation is not evangelistic offer but declaration of Christ’s triumph/judgment
ὀκτὼ ψυχαί…διεσώθησαν διʼ ὕδατος	oktō psychai…diesōthēsan di’ hydatos	eight souls…were saved through water	Noah’s family in the ark, saved through/by means of the floodwaters	eight persons…were saved through water	Historical typological background for baptism	आठ प्राण…जल के द्वारा बचाए गए — reuses प्राण (soul/life) and उद्धार-family verb; नूह (Noah) established OT proper name, Low risk
ἀντίτυπον	antitypon	corresponding pattern, counterpart	a type’s fulfillment/counterpart	corresponding to this, antitype	Baptism as the New Testament counterpart to the flood-water deliverance — typological, not causally identical	जिसका चित्र यह बपतिस्मा भी है — NEW TERM, Medium risk, requires typology gloss for low-OT-literacy readers
οὐ σαρκὸς ῥύπου ἀπόθεσις ἀλλὰ…συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς ἐπερώτημα	ou sarkos rhypou apothesis alla…syneidēseōs agathēs erōtēma	not a removal of flesh’s dirt but…an appeal/pledge of a good conscience	ritual-cleansing exclusion; conscience-appeal	not as a removal of dirt from the body but as an appeal to God for a good conscience	Baptism explicitly defined as NOT a ritual purification rite; its efficacy is relational/covenantal, addressed to God through Christ’s resurrection	शरीर की मलिनता को दूर करना नहीं, परन्तु अच्छे विवेक के लिये परमेश्वर से बिनती — reuses बपतिस्मा [TM-reuse, Medium] and विवेक [TM-reuse, High] (never अन्तरात्मा, per baseline conscience entry); this verse is itself doctrinally protective against reading baptism as a Hindu-style ritual purification (shuddhi/snana) — the text supplies its own guardrail, which the Hindi must preserve, not blunt
δεξιᾷ Θεοῦ…ἀγγέλων καὶ ἐξουσιῶν καὶ δυνάμεων	dexia theou…aggelōn kai exousiōn kai dynameōn	at God’s right hand…angels and authorities and powers	position of highest honor/authority; spiritual power-categories	at the right hand of God…angels, authorities, and powers	Christ’s cosmic exaltation and supremacy over all spiritual powers	परमेश्वर के दाहिने हाथ…स्वर्गदूत और अधिकार और सामर्थ्य — reuses सामर्थ्य [TM-reuse, High]

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Chapter 4

4:1–6 (Arming for holy living; the dead and the gospel)

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
ὁπλίσασθε	hoplisasthe	arm yourselves	put on weapons/armor	arm yourselves	A deliberate, decisive adoption of Christ’s suffering-oriented mindset	हथियार बान्ध लो — reuses established armor_of_light hथियार pattern [TM-reuse, Medium]
ἀσελγεία, ἐπιθυμίαι, οἰνοφλυγίαι, κῶμοι, πότοι, εἰδωλολατρίαι	aselgeia, epithymiai, oinophlygiai, kōmoi, potoi, eidōlolatriai	sensuality, lusts, drunkenness, revelries, drinking-bouts, idolatries	catalogue of Gentile vice	sensuality, passions, drunkenness, orgies, carousing, lawless idolatry	Behavior believers have decisively left behind; reuses मूर्तिपूजा for the climactic term	मूर्तिपूजा [TM-reuse, High] for the last item; remaining vices rendered with standard, non-technical vocabulary (व्यभिचार, मद्यपान, लीला-विलास), Low risk
νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη	nekrois euēngelisthē	to the dead it was preached/gospeled	the good-news proclamation, addressed to the dead	the gospel was preached to those who are now dead	A second highly contested verse (4:6), debated as referring either to people now dead who heard the gospel while alive, or (less commonly) to some proclamation to the dead as dead	मरे हुओं को सुसमाचार सुनाया गया — reuses सुसमाचार [TM-reuse, Critical] — Critical risk, mandatory theologian review. As with 3:19, render literally without resolving the exegetical dispute in the Hindi text; explicitly guard against implying a post-mortem “second chance” for salvation, which would align dangerously with karma/reincarnation frameworks offering repeated opportunities across lifetimes

4:7–11 (Household stewardship; end-time sobriety)

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
σωφρονήσατε, νήψατε	sōphronēsate, nēpsate	be of sound mind, be sober	self-mastery; sobriety/alertness	be self-controlled and sober-minded	Watchful, disciplined readiness for Christ’s return and for prayer	संयमी बनो और सचेत रहो — NEW TERM, Low-Medium risk; consistent with 5:8’s νήψατε
ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν	agapē kalyptei plēthos hamartiōn	love covers a multitude of sins	love as a covering/hiding agent	love covers a multitude of sins	Love’s practical, forgiving, patience-generating power within the community — quoting/echoing Proverbs 10:12	प्रेम पापों के ढेर को ढांक देता है — reuses प्रेम, पाप [TM-reuse, High/Medium]
χάρισμα	charisma	gift [of grace]	Spirit-given enablement	spiritual gift	Each believer’s Spirit-given capacity for mutual service	आत्मिक वरदान [TM-reuse, Medium]
ποικίλης χάριτος Θεοῦ…οἰκονόμοι	poikilēs charitos theou…oikonomoi	of God’s varied/many-colored grace…stewards	diverse forms of grace; household managers	good stewards of God’s varied grace	Believers as trustees, not owners, of grace-gifts entrusted for others’ benefit	बहुरंगी अनुग्रह के अच्छे भण्डारी — reuses अनुग्रह + भण्डारी (established from guardians_stewards) [TM-reuse pattern, High]
λόγια Θεοῦ	logia theou	oracles/utterances of God	God’s own spoken/authoritative words	oracles of God	Speaking-gifted believers must speak as conveying God’s own words, with due gravity	परमेश्वर के वचन — Low risk, reuses वचन

4:12–19 (Fiery trial; suffering as a Christian; core doctrines: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake)

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
πύρωσις	pyrōsis	burning, fiery ordeal	metallurgical/refining fire imagery (cf. δοκίμιον, 1:7)	fiery trial, fiery ordeal	Severe persecution understood as purposeful, not strange or meaningless	आग की परीक्षा — reuses परीक्षा (trial) pattern established at 1:6 [High]
κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς…παθήμασιν	koinōneite tois…pathēmasin	you share/participate in the…sufferings	fellowship/partnership in suffering	share in Christ’s sufferings	Suffering as participatory union with Christ, productive of future shared glory	मसीह के दुखों में सहभागी होना — reuses संगति-family concept + दुख [Critical, see below]
ὀνειδίζησθε ἐν ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ	oneidizēsthe en onomati Christou	you are reproached in [the] name of Christ	insulted, reviled, dishonored for bearing Christ’s name	reproached for the name of Christ	Suffering specifically tied to public identification with Christ’s name	मसीह के नाम के कारण अपमानित होना — NEW TERM, Medium risk
Χριστιανός	Christianos	Christian	the (originally outsider-coined) name for Christ’s followers	Christian	The distinct, dignified name to be borne without shame	मसीही (masīhī) — NEW TERM, Medium-High risk. Note: ईसाई (aisāī) is the more common general-society Hindi word for “Christian” but in some Hindu-nationalist discourse carries “foreign religion” connotations; मसीही is the established internal Hindi Christian self-designation and is preferred here, consistent with the baseline’s यीशु/ईसा distinction (reserving ईसा for Muslim/Urdu usage of Jesus’s name)
κρίμα…ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ	krima…apo tou oikou tou theou	judgment…from the house of God	evaluative/disciplinary judgment beginning with God’s own household	judgment begins with the household of God	God’s refining judgment starts with the church itself, not only outsiders	न्याय…परमेश्वर के घराने से — reuses घराना (established household_of_faith pattern) [TM-reuse, Medium]
πιστῷ κτίστῃ	pistō ktistē	faithful Creator	trustworthy originator/maker	faithful Creator	God as reliable Creator to whom suffering believers entrust their souls while continuing good works	विश्वासयोग्य सृजनहार — reuses सृजनहार [TM-reuse, High]; never ब्रह्मा

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Chapter 5

5:1–5 (Elders and humility — core doctrine: Elders and Humility)

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
πρεσβύτεροι	presbyteroi	elders	older men; office-holders in the church	elders	Local church leaders/overseers, addressed pastorally by a “fellow elder”	प्राचीन (prācīna) — NEW TERM, High risk. Must be understood as a functional church office of shepherding responsibility, not (a) a permanent guru-like status never outgrown (cf. the Galatians paidagōgos caution) nor (b) an honorific tied to caste-based seniority/age-hierarchy independent of the servant-leadership Peter immediately qualifies it with (5:2–3). Mandatory theologian review given the doctrine’s explicit pairing with humility.
συμπρεσβύτερος	sympresbyteros	fellow elder	co-elder, elder alongside others	fellow elder	Peter’s own self-designation — apostolic authority expressed through solidarity, not hierarchy	साथी प्राचीन — Medium risk
ποιμάνατε τὸ ποίμνιον…ἐπισκοποῦντες	poimanate to poimnion…episkopountes	shepherd the flock…exercising oversight	pastoral care; supervisory function	shepherd the flock, exercising oversight	Elders’ core task, modeled on Christ the Shepherd-Overseer of 2:25	परमेश्वर के झुण्ड की रखवाली करो — reuses चरवाहा [from 2:25, Medium]
μὴ αἰσχροκερδῶς…ἑκουσίως	mē aischrokerdōs…hekousiōs	not for shameful gain…willingly	greed for dishonorable profit; voluntary	not for shameful gain but willingly	Motive-check against exploiting spiritual office for material or status gain	लालच के लिये नहीं, परन्तु स्वेच्छा से — Low-Medium risk
κατακυριεύοντες	katakyrieuontes	lording over, dominating	exercising domineering control (shares root with κύριος, “lord”)	domineering, lording it over	Explicitly forbidden leadership style — deliberately echoes and inverts the “lord” word-family in a negative human sense	अधिकार जताते हुए (not प्रभुता-rooted vocabulary) — NEW TERM, Medium risk; the Greek wordplay linking domineering to κύριος is not fully reproducible in Hindi without risking confusion with Christ’s positive, exclusive Lordship (प्रभु); the doctrinal contrast (forbidden human domineering vs. Christ’s true, benevolent Lordship) must be preserved via context/gloss rather than shared root
τύποι γινόμενοι τοῦ ποιμνίου	typoi ginomenoi tou poimniou	becoming examples/patterns to the flock	model, pattern	being examples to the flock	Servant-leadership by demonstration	आदर्श बनकर — reuses आदर्श [from 2:21, Medium]
ἀρχιποίμην	archipoimēn	chief shepherd	supreme/head shepherd	Chief Shepherd	Christ’s own supreme headship over all under-shepherds, at his return	मुख्य चरवाहा — NEW TERM, Medium risk
στέφανος τῆς δόξης…ἀμαράντινος	stephanos tēs doxēs…amarantinos	crown of glory…unfading	victor’s wreath; unfading (echoes 1:4’s ἀμάραντος)	unfading crown of glory	Eschatological reward for faithful shepherding, grace-grounded not merit-earned	महिमा का अनश्वर मुकुट — reuses महिमा + अनश्वर (from 1:4) [TM-reuse pattern, High]
νεώτεροι, ὑποτάγητε…ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐγκομβώσασθε	neōteroi, hypotagēte…tapeinophrosynēn egkombōsasthe	younger ones, be subject…clothe yourselves with humility	age-based deference; put-on-a-garment metaphor	younger, be subject to the elders; clothe yourselves with humility	Mutual humility as the community-wide posture, not one-directional subordination — clarified by the immediately following quotation	अधीन हो जाओ…नम्रता पहन लो — reuses अधीन [High] and नम्रता [TM-reuse, High]
ὁ Θεὸς ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν	ho theos hyperēphanois antitassetai, tapeinois de didōsin charin	God opposes [the] proud but gives grace to [the] humble	Proverbs 3:34 citation	God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble	Governs the whole passage’s humility ethic — grace flows to humility, not achievement	परमेश्वर अभिमानियों का विरोध करता है, परन्तु नम्र लोगों पर अनुग्रह करता है — reuses अनुग्रह + नम्र [TM-reuse, High]

5:6–11 (Humbling under God; resisting the devil; closing benediction)

Original	Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
ταπεινώθητε ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖρα τοῦ Θεοῦ	tapeinōthēte hypo tēn krataian cheira tou theou	humble yourselves under the mighty hand of God	submission under divine sovereign power	humble yourselves under God’s mighty hand	Voluntary self-humbling before God’s sovereignty, with a promise of future exaltation	परमेश्वर के सामर्थी हाथ के नीचे नम्र बनो — reuses सामर्थ्य + नम्र [TM-reuse, High]
πᾶσαν τὴν μέριμναν…ἐπιρίψαντες	pasan tēn merimnan…epiripsantes	having cast all…anxiety [upon him]	throwing/casting one’s burden onto another	casting all your anxieties on him	Personal, relational trust that God actively cares (μέλει) for the believer	अपनी सारी चिन्ता उस पर डाल दो — Low risk, standard
ἀντίδικος…διάβολος…λέων ὠρυόμενος	antidikos…diabolos…leōn ōryomenos	adversary…devil…roaring lion	legal opponent; slanderer/accuser; predatory-lion image	your adversary the devil…roaring lion	A real, personal, hostile spiritual adversary — not an impersonal evil force or karmic obstacle	विरोधी…शैतान…गरजते हुए सिंह — शैतान (śaitāna) is an established Hindi loanword for Satan/the devil, Low-Medium risk with minimal Hindu-tradition collision (distinct from असुर/राक्षस categories)
γρηγορήσατε	grēgorēsate	be watchful, keep awake	vigilance	be watchful	Paired with νήψατε (sober-minded) as a call to spiritual alertness	जागते रहो — Low risk
ὁ Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος…καλέσας εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον αὐτοῦ δόξαν	ho theos pasēs charitos…kalesas eis tēn aiōnion autou doxan	the God of all grace…having called [you] to his eternal glory	comprehensive grace; the calling’s ultimate goal	the God of all grace, who has called you to his eternal glory	Closing summary of the letter’s grace-and-glory theology	सारे अनुग्रह का परमेश्वर…अनन्त महिमा में बुलाया — reuses अनुग्रह, बुलाहट, महिमा [TM-reuse, High]
καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει	katartisei, stērixei, sthenōsei, themeliōsei	he will restore/complete, establish, strengthen, ground/found	four verbs of stabilizing/perfecting	he will restore, confirm, strengthen, establish [you]	God’s own promised action following a season of suffering	सिद्ध करेगा, स्थिर करेगा, बलवन्त करेगा, नींव पर स्थापित करेगा — Low risk, standard vocabulary

5:12–14 (Closing greetings) — reuses established proper names (सिलवानुस, बाबुल, मरकुस — Low risk); अनुग्रह, शांति [TM-reuse, High/Medium]; introduces συνεκλεκτή (“co-elect,” 5:13) rendered चुनी हुई (reusing चुनाव-family, Medium risk) and φίλημα ἀγάπης (“kiss of love,” 5:14) rendered प्रेम का चुम्बन (Low risk, standard greeting custom, requires only a brief cultural-context gloss for readers unfamiliar with the first-century holy-kiss custom).

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Summary Note on Cross-Chapter Coverage

No chapter of 1 Peter is without load-bearing theological vocabulary; the letter is doctrinally dense throughout. The single most consequential term-family for translation risk is suffering (πάσχω/πάθημα), occurring in every chapter (1:11; 2:19–23; 3:14,17–18; 4:1,13,15,19; 5:1,9,10) and underlying two of the eight named core doctrines. The second most consequential family is the priesthood/chosen-race cluster (2:5,9), underlying the “Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood” doctrine and carrying acute caste-collision risk in Hindi. Both receive dedicated glossary treatment in 08_core_glossary.md.