Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Galatians 1–6 (English/Greek → Hindi)
Conventions: Risk tiers follow the baseline registry (Critical / High / Medium / Low; Critical+High → human theologian review, Medium → native speaker review, Low → automated). Source = TM means the rendering is reused exactly from the Romans translation_memory.json v2 and must not be altered. Source = NEW means the term is introduced by this curriculum and must be added to translation memory (with version increment) before Phase 2 segment processing. Chapter citations show every Galatians chapter in which the term is load-bearing; all six chapters are represented in this glossary.
Tier 1 — Critical Risk
| # | Term | Greek (translit.) | Galatians refs | Hindi rendering | Source | Risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | justification / justified | δικαιόω (dikaioō) | 2:16–17, 21; 3:8, 11, 24; 5:4 | धर्मी ठहराया जाना | TM | Compound phrase mandatory; forensic declaration. Never माफी पाना or पुण्य प्राप्त करना. Core-passage anchor term. |
| 2 | righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | 2:21; 3:6, 21; 5:5 | धार्मिकता | TM | NEVER धर्म (Hindu cosmic duty). Standing received by faith, not performed duty. |
| 3 | imputed righteousness | ἐλογίσθη εἰς δικαιοσύνην (elogisthē eis dikaiosynēn) | 3:6 (Gen 15:6) | आरोपित धार्मिकता / धार्मिकता गिनी गई | TM | Credited, not earned (अर्जित rejected). Must match Romans 4:3 rendering verbatim. |
| 4 | crucified with Christ | συνεσταύρωμαι (synestaurōmai) | 2:20; cf. 5:24; 6:14 | मैं मसीह के साथ क्रूस पर चढ़ाया गया हूँ | NEW | Critical: perfect tense’s abiding result must survive; done to the believer in union with Christ — never ascetic self-mortification (tapasya); no rebirth framing. |
| 5 | ”no longer I, but Christ lives in me” | ζῇ ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός (zē en emoi Christos) | 2:20 | अब मैं जीवित नहीं, परन्तु मसीह मुझ में जीवित है | NEW | Critical: maximal advaita hazard — indwelling of a distinct personal Christ, not dissolution of self into the divine (आत्मा=परमात्मा forbidden reading). Translator note mandatory. |
| 6 | freedom (in Christ) | ἐλευθερία (eleutheria) | 2:4; 4:26, 31; 5:1, 13 | स्वतंत्रता | NEW | Critical: NEVER मुक्ति/मोक्ष (extends baseline salvation rule) — would recast Freedom in Christ as moksha-liberation. Given by Christ, exercised in love-service (5:13), not escape from embodiment. |
| 7 | different/false gospel | ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον (heteron euangelion) | 1:6–9 | दूसरा सुसमाचार — जो वास्तव में सुसमाचार है ही नहीं | NEW | Critical: the ἕτερος/ἄλλος denial must be explicit — the counterfeit is no gospel, not a valid alternative path. Softening destroys the book’s thesis. |
| 8 | Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ (huios theou) | 2:20; 4:4, 6 | परमेश्वर का पुत्र | TM | Full phrase required; eternal unique Sonship; never ईश्वर का अंश or देव-पुरुष. |
| 9 | sending of the Son / incarnation | ἐξαπέστειλεν… γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός (4:4) | 4:4–5 | परमेश्वर ने अपने पुत्र को भेजा… देहधारण system | TM | NEVER अवतार. Permanent assumption of human nature; “fullness of time” = linear fulfillment, not yuga-cycle. |
| 10 | God | θεός (theos) | all chapters (1:1 – 6:18) | परमेश्वर | TM | Never भगवान; परमेश्वर preferred throughout. |
| 11 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | all chapters | यीशु | TM | BSI standard form; never ईसा. |
| 12 | Christ / Messiah | Χριστός (Christos) | all chapters | मसीह | TM | The Anointed One, exclusively fulfilled in Jesus — not one avatar/teacher among many. |
| 13 | Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | 1:3, 19; 5:10; 6:14, 18 | प्रभु | TM | Exclusive supreme Lordship. |
| 14 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα (ἅγιον) (pneuma) | 3:2–5, 14; 4:6, 29; 5:5, 16–25; 6:8 | पवित्र आत्मा / आत्मा | TM | NEVER ब्रह्म/परमात्मा; personal third Person — never the believer’s own ātman in Spirit-walk contexts. |
| 15 | Father | πατήρ (patēr) | 1:1, 3–4; 4:2, 6 | पिता | TM | Personal Father; never creator-deity names. |
Tier 2 — High Risk
| # | Term | Greek (translit.) | Galatians refs | Hindi rendering | Source | Risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | gospel | εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion) | 1:6–11; 2:2, 5, 7, 14; 3:8; 4:13 | सुसमाचार | TM | Authoritative announcement; no colloquial alternatives. |
| 17 | grace | χάρις (charis) | 1:3, 6, 15; 2:9, 21; 5:4; 6:18 | अनुग्रह | TM | Unmerited favor; anti-karma. कृपा only in non-grace contexts. Grace/works contrasts (2:21; 5:4) auto-escalate. |
| 18 | faith / believe | πίστις / πιστεύω (pistis / pisteuō) | 1:23; 2:16, 20; 3:2–26; 5:5–6; 6:10 | विश्वास / विश्वास करना | TM | Object of faith always explicit; never श्रद्धा/आस्था. Objective genitive for πίστις Χριστοῦ (यीशु मसीह पर विश्वास); subjective-genitive alternative recorded, not used. |
| 19 | law | νόμος (nomos) | 2:16–21; 3:2–24; 4:4–5, 21; 5:3–4, 14, 18, 23; 6:2, 13 | व्यवस्था | TM | Torah. NEVER धर्म. Highest-frequency reused term in the book. |
| 20 | works of the law | ἔργα νόμου (erga nomou) | 2:16; 3:2, 5, 10 | व्यवस्था के काम | TM | NEVER कर्म for works — karma cosmology inversion. |
| 21 | law of Christ | ὁ νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ (ho nomos tou Christou) | 6:2 | मसीह की व्यवस्था | NEW | Love-command of 5:14, not a new Torah-code and never “मसीह का धर्म.” Gloss on first use. |
| 22 | sin / sinner | ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλός (hamartia / hamartōlos) | 1:4; 2:15, 17; 3:22 | पाप / पापी | TM | Moral transgression before a personal God; not ritual impurity or karma. |
| 23 | promise | ἐπαγγελία (epangelia) | 3:14–29; 4:23, 28 | प्रतिज्ञा | NEW | God’s unilateral covenant pledge. Never वरदान (merit-conditioned boon). |
| 24 | curse / cursed | κατάρα / ἐπικατάρατος (katara / epikataratos) | 3:10, 13 | श्राप / श्रापित | NEW | Judicial curse-sanction of the law; Christ’s substitutionary curse-bearing (3:13). Guard against transferable ritual-curse (curse-magic) reading; theologian review each occurrence. |
| 25 | anathema | ἀνάθεμα (anathema) | 1:8–9 | शापित हो | NEW | God’s judicial sentence, not sage/deity curse; no curse-removal-rite implications. |
| 26 | redeem / redemption | ἐξαγοράζω (exagorazō) | 3:13; 4:5 | छुड़ाना / छुटकारा | TM | Deliverance at a price; NEVER मुक्ति/मोक्ष. |
| 27 | seed (of Abraham) | σπέρμα (sperma) | 3:16, 19, 29 | वंश | TM-consistent (seed_of_david pattern) | Singular/plural argument of 3:16 must survive Hindi number; flag for dual review. |
| 28 | covenant | διαθήκη (diathēkē) | 3:15, 17; 4:24 | वाचा | TM | Relational bond; never अनुबंध/समझौता. Two-covenant allegory (4:24) uses same term. |
| 29 | guardian/tutor (paidagōgos) | παιδαγωγός (paidagōgos) | 3:24–25 | शिक्षक (मसीह तक पहुँचाने के लिये) | NEW | Temporary custodian until Christ — must not read as permanent guru; the “no longer under” clause (3:25) is load-bearing. |
| 30 | adoption / sonship | υἱοθεσία (huiothesia) | 4:5 | दत्तक-पुत्रता | TM | Full son-status with inheritance rights; गोद लेना rejected. |
| 31 | Abba | Αββα (Abba) | 4:6 | अब्बा | TM | Transliteration preserved; filial intimacy. |
| 32 | flesh (sarx, technical) | σάρξ (sarx) | 3:3; 4:23, 29; 5:13–24; 6:8, 12–13 | शरीर (sinful-desire contexts: शरीर की अभिलाषाएँ) | TM | Sinful nature, not the physical body — never body-negation/asceticism. Idiomatic πᾶσα σάρξ (2:16) = कोई प्राणी नहीं. |
| 33 | fruit of the Spirit | καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος (karpos tou pneumatos) | 5:22–23 | आत्मा का फल | NEW | फल must not read as कर्म-फल (karma-fruit): the Spirit’s produce, not merit. Singular फल preserved. Component list uses TM शांति (peace) and कृपा (kindness, permitted non-grace context); πίστις-in-list = विश्वासयोग्यता (faithfulness), reserving विश्वास for saving faith. |
| 34 | faith working through love | πίστις δι᾿ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη (5:6) | 5:6 | विश्वास जो प्रेम के द्वारा कार्य करता है | NEW | Love is faith’s mode/fruit, never a merit-supplement; विश्वास must remain the operative subject. |
| 35 | sowing and reaping | σπείρω / θερίζω (speirō / therizō) | 6:7–9 | बोना / काटना | NEW | Direct karma-proverb collision (“जैसा कर्म वैसा फल”). Personal God is the judge (परमेश्वर ठट्ठों में नहीं उड़ाया जाता); eternal life reaped from the Spirit, not accumulated. Translator note mandatory. |
| 36 | eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος (zōē aiōnios) | 6:8 | अनन्त जीवन | NEW | Gift-harvest from the Spirit; never liberation-immortality or absorption. |
| 37 | new creation | καινὴ κτίσις (kainē ktisis) | 6:15 | नई सृष्टि | NEW | God’s creative act; never पुनर्जन्म drift (drift previously caught in Romans v1 for नया जन्म). Pair with TM नया जन्म where regeneration co-occurs. |
| 38 | truth of the gospel | ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου | 2:5, 14 | सुसमाचार की सच्चाई | NEW | Objective, exclusive truth; not one perspective among many. |
| 39 | died to the law | νόμῳ ἀπέθανον (nomō apethanon) | 2:19 | व्यवस्था के लिये मर गया (ताकि परमेश्वर के लिये जीऊँ) | NEW | Jurisdiction transfer, not renunciation of duty (no sannyasa reading); purpose clause must stay attached. |
| 40 | gave himself for me | παραδόντος ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ (2:20) | 1:4; 2:20 | अपने आप को (मेरे लिये) दे दिया | NEW | Substitutionary self-giving; not बलि/यज्ञ ritual-offering vocabulary. |
| 41 | nullify the grace of God | ἀθετῶ τὴν χάριν (athetō tēn charin) | 2:21; cf. 5:4 | अनुग्रह को व्यर्थ ठहराना | NEW | Grace/works antithesis — auto-escalation to theologian review. |
| 42 | one in Christ (3:28) | εἷς ἐν Χριστῷ (heis en Christō) | 3:26–28 | तुम सब मसीह यीशु में एक हो | NEW | All three pairs (Jew/Greek, slave/free, male/female) retained unqualified; anti-caste-hierarchy force preserved. |
| 43 | known by God | γνωσθέντες ὑπὸ θεοῦ (4:9) | 4:9 | परमेश्वर ने तुम्हें जान लिया | TM-consistent (foreknowledge) | Divine relational initiative; not jñāna-realization. |
| 44 | called / calling | καλέω (kaleō) | 1:6, 15; 5:8, 13 | बुलाए हुए / बुलाहट / बुलाया | TM | Sovereign summons; not karma-destiny or self-initiated seeking. |
| 45 | glory (doxology 1:5) | δόξα (doxa) | 1:5 | महिमा | TM | Doxology form महिमा-गान available per TM for genre labels. |
| 46 | idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία (eidōlolatria) | 5:20 | मूर्तिपूजा | TM | Pastoral handling, no softening. |
| 47 | in Christ (union) | ἐν Χριστῷ (en Christō) | 1:22; 2:4, 17; 3:14, 26–28; 5:6 | मसीह में | TM-consistent | Personal union/incorporation; never mystical absorption. |
Tier 3 — Medium Risk
| # | Term | Greek (translit.) | Galatians refs | Hindi rendering | Source | Risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48 | apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | 1:1, 17, 19 | प्रेरित | TM | Divinely commissioned; not guru/teacher. Preserve 1:1 double negation. |
| 49 | revelation | ἀποκάλυψις (apokalypsis) | 1:12, 16; 2:2 | प्रकाशन | NEW | God’s objective disclosure; never दर्शन (darshan) or mystical-attainment vocabulary. |
| 50 | church | ἐκκλησία (ekklēsia) | 1:2, 13, 22 | कलीसिया | TM | Never मंदिर; मण्डली acceptable for congregation. |
| 51 | circumcision / uncircumcision | περιτομή / ἀκροβυστία (peritomē / akrobystia) | 2:3, 7–9, 12; 5:2–3, 6, 11; 6:12–15 | खतना / खतनारहित | TM / NEW | TM term; metonymic uses need natural phrasing (खतना किए हुए लोग). Central to chs. 5–6 polemic. |
| 52 | hypocrisy | ὑπόκρισις (hypokrisis) | 2:13 | कपट | NEW | Table-fellowship withdrawal; force lands on commensality/caste eating-separation — do not blunt. |
| 53 | God shows no partiality | πρόσωπον οὐ λαμβάνει (2:6) | 2:6 | परमेश्वर किसी का पक्षपात नहीं करता | NEW | Divine impartiality vs. status hierarchy; retain unqualified. |
| 54 | servant of sin | ἁμαρτίας διάκονος | 2:17 | पाप का सेवक | NEW | Keep rhetorical-question form; सेवक consistent with TM deacon masculine. |
| 55 | transgressor | παραβάτης (parabatēs) | 2:18 | अपराधी | NEW | Covenant/law transgressor before God, not civil criminal. |
| 56 | died in vain | δωρεὰν ἀπέθανεν | 2:21 | मसीह का मरना व्यर्थ हुआ | NEW | Full rhetorical force of व्यर्थ. |
| 57 | bewitched | βασκαίνω (baskainō) | 3:1 | मोह लिया | NEW | Rhetorical, not evil-eye (नज़र) affirming; retain BSI form. |
| 58 | blessing (of Abraham) | εὐλογία (eulogia) | 3:8–9, 14 | आशीष | NEW | आशीष, not आशीर्वाद (guru/elder reciprocal-favor connotation). |
| 59 | mediator | μεσίτης (mesitēs) | 3:19–20 | मध्यस्थ | TM-consistent (मध्यस्थता) | Law mediated; promise given directly by God. |
| 60 | baptized into Christ | βαπτίζω (baptizō) | 3:27 | बपतिस्मा | TM | Never स्नान (ritual bathing) or दीक्षा (initiation). |
| 61 | heir | κληρονόμος (klēronomos) | 3:29; 4:1, 7 | वारिस | NEW | Full inheritance by promise/adoption; never merit-earned. |
| 62 | elemental principles of the world | στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου (stoicheia tou kosmou) | 4:3, 9 | संसार की आदि शिक्षा | NEW | Enslaving pre-Christ religious systems incl. calendar-observances (4:10); pastoral but unsoftened (“निर्बल और निकम्मी”). |
| 63 | slavery / slave | δουλεία / δοῦλος (douleia / doulos) | 2:4; 4:1–9, 22–31; 5:1 | दासत्व / दास | NEW | Consistent rendering sustains the slavery/sonship and slavery/freedom antitheses; yoke of slavery = दासत्व का जूआ (5:1). |
| 64 | allegory (Hagar/Sarah) | ἀλληγορούμενα (allēgoroumena) | 4:21–31 | इन बातों में दृष्टान्त है | NEW | Figure/parable; must not license general esoteric-allegory hermeneutic. |
| 65 | offense of the cross | σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ | 5:11 | क्रूस की ठोकर | TM-consistent (ठोकर pattern) | The offense stays offensive. |
| 66 | cross | σταυρός (stauros) | 5:11; 6:12, 14 | क्रूस | TM | Established term; never सूली. |
| 67 | sorcery | φαρμακεία (pharmakeia) | 5:20 | जादू-टोना | NEW | Names live occult practice; descriptive, not sensationalized. |
| 68 | kingdom of God | βασιλεία θεοῦ (basileia theou) | 5:21 | परमेश्वर का राज्य | TM | Inheritance warning (5:21) not softened. |
| 69 | zeal / zealous | ζηλωτής (zēlōtēs) | 1:14; 4:17–18 | उत्साह / उत्साही | TM | Sincere religious energy that cannot save. |
| 70 | walk by the Spirit | πνεύματι περιπατεῖτε (5:16) | 5:16, 25 | आत्मा के अनुसार चलो | NEW | Spirit-empowered obedience; never yogic/meditative practice framing. |
| 71 | gentleness / restore | πραΰτης / καταρτίζω (6:1) | 5:23; 6:1 | नम्रता / संभालना | NEW | Restorative tone. |
| 72 | Israel of God | ὁ Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ | 6:16 | परमेश्वर का इस्राएल | TM (इस्राएल) | Exegetically contested referent; render literally, log alternatives_considered. |
| 73 | marks of Jesus | στίγματα (stigmata) | 6:17 | यीशु के दागों के चिन्ह | NEW | Persecution scars as ownership-brands; not sect-marks (tilak) analogy. |
| 74 | make a good showing in the flesh | εὐπροσωπῆσαι ἐν σαρκί | 6:12 | शरीर में अच्छे दिखना | NEW | Honor/shame dynamics; native speaker review per baseline routing. |
| 75 | Gentiles / nations | ἔθνη (ethnē) | 1:16; 2:2, 8–9, 12, 14–15; 3:8, 14 | अन्यजाति (mission contexts: राष्ट्र) | TM | Per baseline usage rule. |
Tier 4 — Low Risk
| # | Term | Greek (translit.) | Galatians refs | Hindi rendering | Source | Risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 76 | by no means! | μὴ γένοιτο (mē genoito) | 2:17; 6:14 | कदापि नहीं | NEW | Full negative force; never a weak नहीं. |
| 77 | Jews by birth | φύσει Ἰουδαῖοι | 2:15 | जन्म से यहूदी | NEW | Low as vocabulary; the anti-birth-status argument is not softened. |
| 78 | Judaism / ancestral traditions | Ἰουδαϊσμός / παραδόσεις | 1:13–14 | यहूदी मत / बापदादों की परम्पराएँ | NEW | Descriptive, not pejorative. |
| 79 | false brothers | ψευδάδελφοι | 2:4 | झूठे भाई | NEW | — |
| 80 | right hand of fellowship | δεξιὰς κοινωνίας | 2:9 | संगति का दाहिना हाथ | TM (संगति) | Gesture kept literal. |
| 81 | tear down / rebuild | καταλύω / οἰκοδομέω | 2:18 | ढा देना / फिर बनाना | NEW | — |
| 82 | walk straight (with the gospel) | ὀρθοποδέω | 2:14 | सीधी चाल चलना | NEW | Translate meaning, not the foot-idiom. |
| 83 | guardians and stewards | ἐπίτροποι καὶ οἰκονόμοι | 4:1–2 | रक्षक और भण्डारी | NEW | — |
| 84 | bear one another’s burdens | βάρη βαστάζετε (barē bastazete) | 6:2 | एक दूसरे के भार उठाओ | NEW | Keep भार (6:2, βάρος) distinct from बोझ (6:5, φορτίον) so the verses don’t appear contradictory. |
| 85 | one’s own load | φορτίον (phortion) | 6:5 | अपना ही बोझ | NEW | See #84. |
| 86 | not grow weary in doing good | μὴ ἐγκακῶμεν | 6:9–10 | भलाई करने में साहस न छोड़ें | NEW | — |
| 87 | household of faith | οἰκεῖοι τῆς πίστεως | 6:10 | विश्वासी भाई / विश्वास के घराने के लोग | NEW | Consistent with TM fellowship/brotherly_love entries. |
| 88 | boasting | καυχάομαι (kauchaomai) | 6:4, 13–14 | घमण्ड | TM | Only in the cross (6:14); clause governed by #4 rules. |
| 89 | Amen | ἀμήν (amēn) | 1:5; 6:18 | आमीन | TM (baseline transliteration standard) | — |
| 90 | peace (greeting/fruit) | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | 1:3; 5:22; 6:16 | शांति | TM | TM term enforced including in the fruit list. |
| 91 | mercy (6:16) | ἔλεος (eleos) | 6:16 | दया | TM | Distinct from अनुग्रह per TM. |
Proper Names (BSI OV forms — Low risk, mandatory forms)
| Name | Greek | Hindi | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paul | Παῦλος | पौलुस | 1:1; 5:2 |
| Peter / Cephas | Πέτρος / Κηφᾶς | पतरस / कैफा | 1:18; 2:7–14 |
| James | Ἰάκωβος | याकूब | 1:19; 2:9, 12 |
| John | Ἰωάννης | यूहन्ना | 2:9 |
| Barnabas | Βαρναβᾶς | बरनबास | 2:1, 9, 13 |
| Titus | Τίτος | तीतुस | 2:1, 3 |
| Abraham | Ἀβραάμ | अब्राहम | 3:6–29; 4:22 |
| Hagar | Ἁγάρ | हाजिरा | 4:24–25 |
| Sarah (the free woman) | — | सारा / स्वतंत्र स्त्री | 4:22–31 |
| Isaac | Ἰσαάκ | इसहाक | 4:28 |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ | इस्राएल | 6:16 |
| Jerusalem | Ἱεροσόλυμα / Ἰερουσαλήμ | यरूशलेम | 1:17–18; 2:1; 4:25–26 |
| Sinai | Σινᾶ | सीनै | 4:24–25 |
| Arabia | Ἀραβία | अरब | 1:17; 4:25 |
| Damascus | Δαμασκός | दमिश्क | 1:17 |
| Galatia / Galatians | Γαλατία | गलातिया / गलातियों | 1:2; 3:1 |
| Antioch | Ἀντιόχεια | अन्ताकिया | 2:11 |
| Syria / Cilicia | Συρία / Κιλικία | सीरिया / किलिकिया | 1:21 |
Book citation forms: Galatians = गलातियों; Genesis = उत्पत्ति; Deuteronomy = व्यवस्थाविवरण; Leviticus = लैव्यव्यवस्था; Isaiah = यशायाह; Habakkuk = हबक्कूक. Verse numbers remain Arabic numerals.
Chapter Coverage Index
| Chapter | Reviewed | New terms contributed (glossary #) | Reused TM load |
|---|---|---|---|
| गलातियों 1 | Yes | 7, 25, 49, 69, 78 | gospel, grace, apostle, called, church, glory, sin, gentiles, peace, Amen |
| गलातियों 2 (incl. core passage 2:15–21) | Yes | 4, 5, 38–41, 52–56, 76–77, 79–82 | justification, righteousness, works of the law, law, faith, grace, sin, flesh, circumcision, fellowship, Son of God, gentiles |
| गलातियों 3 | Yes | 23, 24, 27 (construction), 29, 42, 57–61 | imputed righteousness, covenant, redemption, law, faith, Holy Spirit, baptism, sin, seed pattern |
| गलातियों 4 | Yes | 9 (construction), 43, 62–64 | adoption, Abba, Father, Son of God, incarnation system, covenant, flesh, promise (ch. 3 term), calling |
| गलातियों 5 | Yes | 6 (full entry), 33, 34, 63 (यूआ), 65, 67, 70, 71 | flesh, Holy Spirit, law, justification, grace, circumcision, cross, idolatry, kingdom of God, peace, kindness |
| गलातियों 6 | Yes | 21, 35–37, 72–74, 84–87 | boasting, cross, flesh, Holy Spirit, Israel, grace, Lord, mercy, peace, Amen |
Every chapter of Galatians is represented above; no chapter was reviewed without contribution because Galatians is theologically dense throughout — each of its six chapters introduces at least one new glossary term for this curriculum.
Translation Memory Update Requirements (for Phase 2 pre-flight)
All NEW entries above must be written into translation_memory.json (version increment to v3) before any Phase 2 Galatians segment is processed. Priority additions requiring theologian sign-off before use (Critical/High): #4, #5, #6, #7 (Critical); #21, #23, #24, #25, #29, #33, #34, #35, #36, #37, #38, #39, #40, #41, #42 (High). All TM-sourced renderings are frozen and reused exactly as recorded in the baseline Romans package.
See 07_semantic_analysis.md for the verse-by-verse core-passage analysis and full chapter studies underlying this glossary.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, न्याय
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: Never use धर्म (Hindu cosmic duty). धार्मिकता = right standing before God received through faith, not a duty performed. Galatians 2:21; 3:6,21; 5:5.
Justification
Approved rendering: धर्मी ठहराया जाना
Transliteration: dharmī ṭaharāyā jānā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: माफी पाना, पुण्य प्राप्त करना
Original: δικαιόω / δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Compound phrase required. Forensic declaration of right standing. No single-word Hindi equivalent. Never abbreviate. Galatians 2:16 (three occurrences, core-passage anchor term), 2:17,21; 3:8,11,24; 5:4.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: Masīha
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त व्यक्ति, देव-दूत
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Transliterated term; the Anointed One fulfilling OT promise, not one of many divine figures. Pervasive throughout Galatians.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: Prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Exclusive, supreme Lordship, not one lord among others. Galatians 1:3,19; 5:10; 6:14,18.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का पुत्र
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर का अंश, देव-पुरुष
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: Full phrase required. Never render as ‘godly man’ or ‘divine person’. Conveys eternal, unique Sonship within the Godhead. Galatians 2:20; 4:4,6 — intersects with the christ_lives_in_me entry’s advaita-collision risk.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇa
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, देह प्रकटीकरण
Original: ἐξαπέστειλεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER use अवतार (Hindu avatar/deity-descent). देहधारण = eternal Son permanently taking human nature. Galatians 4:4 (‘the fullness of time… God sent forth his Son, born of a woman’) — ‘fullness of time’ is linear fulfillment, not a yuga-cycle turn.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvara
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर, भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. परमेश्वर is the BSI OV standard, preferred for doctrinal precision. भगवान has broad Hindu deity usage — avoid. Used throughout Galatians 1:1-6:18.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा, ईशू
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. BSI OV standard form; never ईसा (Muslim/Urdu contexts).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा, देव-आत्मा
Original: πνεῦμα (ἅγιον)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: Never use ब्रह्म (Hindu Brahman) or परमात्मा alone (Hindu universal Self). Personal third Person of the Trinity, never the believer’s own ātman. Galatians 3:2-5,14; 4:6,29; 5:5,16-25; 6:8.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father; never Hindu creator deity names. Galatians 1:1,3-4; 4:2,6.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित धार्मिकता
Transliteration: āropita dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: अर्जित धार्मिकता
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Credited/attributed righteousness from God, NOT achieved. अर्जित (earned) explicitly rejected. Galatians 3:6 citing Genesis 15:6 — must match the Romans 4:3 rendering verbatim, since both cite the same Genesis text.
Crucified With Christ
Approved rendering: मैं मसीह के साथ क्रूस पर चढ़ाया गया हूँ
Transliteration: maiṃ Masīha ke sātha krūsa para caṛhāyā gayā hūṃ
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: सरल भूतकाल रूप (simple-past form, loses the perfect tense’s abiding result), तपस्या-शैली आत्म-वध (tapasya/self-mortification framing), पुनर्जन्म-आधारित ‘पुराना स्वयं मरकर नया जन्म’ वाक्यांश
Original: συνεσταύρωμαι
Category: Christology
Galatians 2:20; cf. 5:24, 6:14. The believer’s decisive, once-for-all participation in Christ’s death, perfect tense with abiding result — must never read as a repeatable ascetic exercise or as reincarnation-adjacent rebirth. Theologian review every occurrence.
Christ Lives In Me
Approved rendering: अब मैं जीवित नहीं, परन्तु मसीह मुझ में जीवित है
Transliteration: aba maiṃ jīvita nahīṃ, parantu Masīha mujha meṃ jīvita hai
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: आत्मा=परमात्मा प्रकार की विलय व्याख्या (advaitic ego-dissolution reading)
Original: ζῇ ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός
Category: Christology
Galatians 2:20. The single highest advaita-collision sentence in the curriculum. Christ must remain a distinct, named, personal indwelling presence within a believer who remains a real ‘I’. Mandatory theologian review with an accompanying translator note distinguishing indwelling from absorption.
Freedom
Approved rendering: स्वतंत्रता
Transliteration: svatantratā
Doctrine: Freedom
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Freedom
Galatians 2:4; 4:26,31; 5:1,13. This curriculum’s single highest-stakes new term. मुक्ति/मोक्ष absolutely forbidden (extends the baseline salvation prohibition) — freedom is given by Christ, exercised through love-service (5:13), never escape from embodiment or a status attained by devotion/effort. Theologian review every occurrence.
False Gospel
Approved rendering: दूसरा सुसमाचार (जो सुसमाचार है ही नहीं)
Transliteration: dūsarā susamācar (jo susamācar hai hī nahīṃ)
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: एक और सुसमाचार विकल्प (framing as one valid alternative option among several)
Original: ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Gospel
Galatians 1:6-9. The ἕτερος/ἄλλος distinction must be made explicit: the rival teaching is not a gospel at all, not a lesser variant. Softening this destroys the letter’s polemical thesis, especially given India’s religious-pluralism assumptions.
Atonement Curse Bearing
Approved rendering: मसीह ने हमारे लिये श्रापित बनकर हमें व्यवस्था के श्राप से छुड़ाया
Transliteration: Masīha ne hamāre liye śrāpita banakara hameṃ vyavasthā ke śrāpa se chuṛāyā
Doctrine: Atonement
Original: κατάρα / ἐπικατάρατος / ἐξηγόρασεν
Category: Atonement
Galatians 3:13, citing Deuteronomy 21:23. Christ personally ‘becoming’ the curse could be heard as absorbing magical curse-power rather than judicially bearing, once for all, the law’s own death-sentence in the sinner’s place. Mandatory theologian review and translator note on every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamācar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: खुशखबरी, शुभ सन्देश
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established BSI OV term. Do not use colloquial alternatives. Occurs throughout Galatians 1-4.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, वरदान, भाग्य, कर्म-फल, पुण्य
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Must convey unmerited favor apart from any human merit. Directly counters karma worldview. कृपा may be used for mercy/compassion in non-grace contexts only. Every grace/works contrast in Galatians (2:21; 3:1-14; 5:4) is a mandatory theologian-review trigger.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, आस्था, भरोसा
Original: πίστις / πιστεύω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Trust in a specific person (Christ/God); not generalized religious devotion. Object of faith must always be specified in context (e.g. यीशु मसीह पर विश्वास, Galatians 2:16). Distinguish from Hindu śraddhā.
Called
Approved rendering: बुलाए हुए
Transliteration: bulāe hue
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमंत्रित, आमंत्रित
Original: καλέω / κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Sovereign divine summons, never karma-destiny or self-initiated seeking. Galatians 1:6,15; 5:8,13.
Calling
Approved rendering: बुलाहट
Transliteration: bulāhaṭ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आह्वान
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form for the act/state of being called; use बुलाहट for the noun, बुलाए हुए for the adjective/past participle. Available if Galatians Phase 2 segments require the noun form.
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavasthā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, शरीयत, नियम
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Torah/Mosaic law. NEVER use धर्म (Hindu dharma). व्यवस्था is established in BSI OV. Highest-frequency reused term in Galatians (2:16-21; 3:2-24; 4:4-5,21; 5:3-4,14,18,23; 6:2,13).
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Moral transgression before a personal God, not ritual impurity or bad karma. Galatians 1:4; 2:15,17; 3:22.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देव-ज्योति, प्रकाश
Inherited from Romans package. God’s radiant presence and honor; avoid light-metaphors conflating with Hindu divine light concepts. Galatians 1:5 doxology.
Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, समझौता
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Relational covenant bond, not a negotiated legal contract. Galatians 3:15,17 (human-testament analogy then God’s ratified covenant); 4:24 (Hagar/Sarah two-covenants allegory).
Abba
Approved rendering: अब्बा
Transliteration: Abbā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: Αββα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Aramaic term of filial intimacy, identical to Romans 8:15. Galatians 4:6 places it in a Trinitarian frame (the Spirit of the Son crying Abba) — render identically in both curricula.
Works Of The Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था के काम
Transliteration: vyavasthā ke kāma
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: कर्म
Original: ἔργα νόμου
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER कर्म for ‘works’ — karma imports merit-accumulation cosmology. Galatians 2:16; 3:2,5,10.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: मूर्तिपूजा
Transliteration: mūrtipūjā
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Direct term; handle pastorally in Hindu-background contexts but do not soften. Galatians 5:20, listed among the works of the flesh excluding from the kingdom of God.
Flesh
Approved rendering: शरीर
Transliteration: śarīra
Doctrine: Sin
Rejected alternatives: देह (in sarx contexts)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Sarx in the technical sense: self-reliant fallen human nature, not the physical body. In sinful-desire contexts use शरीर की अभिलाषाएँ. Galatians 3:3; 4:23,29; 5:13-24; 6:8,12-13. Idiomatic πᾶσα σάρξ (2:16, ‘no flesh’=no human being) is रendered कोई प्राणी नहीं, not शरीर.
Adoption
Approved rendering: दत्तक-पुत्रता
Transliteration: dattaka-putratā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: गोद लेना
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. गोद लेना may imply reduced status; दत्तक-पुत्रता emphasizes full son-status with full inheritance rights. Galatians 4:5,7.
Redemption
Approved rendering: छुटकारा
Transliteration: chuṭakārā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष
Original: ἐξαγοράζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Deliverance secured at a price; never मुक्ति/मोक्ष. Galatians 3:13; 4:5.
Gave Himself For Me
Approved rendering: जिसने मुझसे प्रेम किया और मेरे लिये अपने आप को दे दिया
Transliteration: jisane mujhase prema kiyā aura mere liye apane āpa ko de diyā
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: बलि, यज्ञ
Original: παραδόντος ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ
Category: Christology
Galatians 2:20; cf. 1:4. Substitutionary self-giving ‘for me’ — must not be assimilated to ritual-offering vocabulary; the gift moves from God to the sinner, not the reverse.
Anathema
Approved rendering: शापित हो
Transliteration: śāpita ho
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Gospel
Galatians 1:8-9. God’s judicial curse-sentence on any gospel-distorter, even an angel. श्राप/शापित popularly denotes a ritual curse liftable by counter-ritual; a translator note distinguishing judicial verdict from curse-magic is required on every occurrence, with no implication of ritual removal.
Truth Of The Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार की सच्चाई
Transliteration: susamācar kī saccāī
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: संदेश (message), दृष्टिकोण (perspective)
Original: ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου
Category: Gospel
Galatians 2:5,14. Objective, non-negotiable gospel content, defended even against apostles. Must not be softened toward ‘one perspective among many’ given India’s pluralist religious environment.
Law Of Christ
Approved rendering: मसीह की व्यवस्था
Transliteration: Masīha kī vyavasthā
Doctrine: Covenant
Rejected alternatives: मसीह का धर्म (Christ’s religion/dharma, one rival dharma among many)
Original: ὁ νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Covenant
Galatians 6:2. The love-command embodied in Christ (5:14), not a new Torah-code. Gloss on first use, tying explicitly to 5:14.
Nullify The Grace Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर के अनुग्रह को व्यर्थ ठहराना
Transliteration: Parameśvara ke anugraha ko vyartha ṭaharānā
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: ἀθετῶ τὴν χάριν τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
Galatians 2:21; cf. 5:4. Treating grace as void by reverting to law-righteousness. अनुग्रह mandatory (never कृपा here). Auto-escalation trigger per the baseline grace/works contrast rule.
Faith Working Through Love
Approved rendering: विश्वास जो प्रेम के द्वारा कार्य करता है
Transliteration: viśvāsa jo prema ke dvārā kārya karatā hai
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις δι᾿ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη
Category: Faith
Galatians 5:6. Love is faith’s mode and fruit, never a meritorious supplement. Word order must keep विश्वास grammatically the operative subject.
Curse
Approved rendering: श्राप / श्रापित
Transliteration: śrāpa / śrāpita
Doctrine: Atonement
Galatians 3:10,13 citing Deuteronomy 27:26 and Deuteronomy 21:23. The law’s judicial curse-sanction; Christ’s substitutionary curse-bearing (3:13) doubles the standard risk. Must read as fixed judicial verdict, never a transferable, ritually-liftable curse. Theologian review every occurrence with a translator note.
Seed Of Abraham
Approved rendering: वंश
Transliteration: vaṃśa
Doctrine: Covenant
Original: σπέρμα
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:16,19,29, citing Genesis 12:7; 13:15; 17:7-8; 24:7. TM-consistent with the baseline seed_of_david pattern. Paul’s argument turns on the Greek grammatical singular (Christ as the one ‘seed’); a natural Hindi plural reading would collapse the verse’s logic. Flag for combined native speaker and theologian review.
Promise
Approved rendering: प्रतिज्ञा
Transliteration: pratijñā
Doctrine: Covenant
Rejected alternatives: वरदान, वचन (alone, ambiguous with mere spoken word)
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:14-29; 4:23,28. God’s unilateral, unconditional covenant pledge, preceding and outranking the law by 430 years (3:17). वरदान forbidden — would make the promise merit-conditioned, the reverse of Paul’s argument.
Law As Guardian
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था जो मसीह तक पहुँचाने के लिये शिक्षक हुई
Transliteration: vyavasthā jo Masīha taka pahuṃcāne ke liye śikṣak huī
Doctrine: Covenant
Original: παιδαγωγός
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:24-25 (paidagōgos). शिक्षक alone risks the permanent-guru paradigm; the temporary, custodial, until-Christ framing (3:25, ‘no longer under the guardian’) is load-bearing and must be explicit on first use.
Fruit Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: आत्मा का फल
Transliteration: ātmā kā phala
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: फल (bare, without the genitive), फलों (plural)
Original: ὁ καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification
Galatians 5:22-23. फल collides with कर्म-फल (karma-fruit); the inseparable genitive construction and singular number are mandatory to preserve the Spirit’s own produce worked IN the believer as one unified character, not merit-accumulation.
Sowing And Reaping
Approved rendering: मनुष्य जो कुछ बोता है, वही काटेगा
Transliteration: manuṣya jo kucha botā hai, vahī kāṭegā
Doctrine: Eschatology
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: Eschatology
Galatians 6:7-8. The book’s most direct karma-collision passage (nearly identical to ‘जैसा कर्म वैसा फल’). Personal God as judge, eternal life as gift-harvest from the Spirit, not accumulated merit. Mandatory translator note; theologian review every occurrence.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: अनन्त जीवन
Transliteration: ananta jīvana
Doctrine: Eschatology
Rejected alternatives: अमरता (immortality-through-liberation framing)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
Galatians 6:8. Gift-harvest from the Spirit; never liberation-immortality or moksha-style absorption.
New Creation
Approved rendering: नई सृष्टि
Transliteration: naī sṛṣṭi
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Sanctification
Galatians 6:15. Must never drift toward पुनर्जन्म (reincarnation), a drift already documented in the Romans baseline for ‘new birth’. God’s creative act; pair with the baseline नया जन्म entry where regeneration language co-occurs.
Died To The Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था के लिये मर गया, ताकि परमेश्वर के लिये जीऊँ
Transliteration: vyavasthā ke liye mara gayā, tāki Parameśvara ke liye jīūṃ
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: νόμῳ ἀπέθανον
Category: Salvation
Galatians 2:19. A jurisdiction transfer, not renunciation of religious duty (no sannyasa reading); the purpose clause must stay grammatically attached or the reading collapses into religious abandonment.
Unity In Christ
Approved rendering: तुम सब मसीह यीशु में एक हो
Transliteration: tuma saba Masīha Yīśu meṃ eka ho
Doctrine: Church
Original: οὐκ ἔνι Ἰουδαῖος οὐδὲ Ἕλλην… πάντες… εἷς
Category: Church
Galatians 3:26-28. All three pairs (Jew/Greek, slave/free, male/female) retained unqualified — the apex anti-caste, anti-class, anti-gender-hierarchy text of the letter.
Known By God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर ने तुम्हें जान लिया
Transliteration: Parameśvara ne tumheṃ jāna liyā
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: γνωσθέντες ὑπὸ θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
Galatians 4:9. Divine relational initiative, not attainment of jñāna (liberating self-realization). The corrective structure (‘rather, known BY God’) is load-bearing and must not be collapsed.
In Christ
Approved rendering: मसीह में
Transliteration: Masīha meṃ
Doctrine: Christology
Galatians 1:22; 2:4,17; 3:14,26-28; 5:6. Personal union/incorporation formula; never mystical absorption into the divine. Paired with the christ_lives_in_me guardrails.
Impartiality Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर किसी का पक्षपात नहीं करता
Transliteration: Parameśvara kisī kā pakṣapāta nahīṃ karatā
Doctrine: God
Original: πρόσωπον ὁ θεὸς ἀνθρώπου οὐ λαμβάνει
Category: God
Galatians 2:6. Low risk as vocabulary, high in application: directly confronts caste-based spiritual hierarchy. Render unqualified.
Walk By The Spirit
Approved rendering: आत्मा के अनुसार चलो
Transliteration: ātmā ke anusāra calo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: प्राणायाम/साधना-शैली अभ्यास (yogic breath-discipline or meditative self-realization practice)
Original: πνεύματι περιπατεῖτε
Category: Sanctification
Galatians 5:16,25. Spirit-empowered daily obedience by the personal Holy Spirit, never a yogic or meditative self-discipline in which ‘spirit’ denotes the practitioner’s own inner faculty.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerita
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, संदेशवाहक
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Established Hindi Christian term; authorized sent-out messenger with delegated authority. Guard against guru/spiritual-teacher reduction; preserve the double negation of Galatians 1:1.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Non-Jews; established BSI term. Use राष्ट्र (nations) in mission contexts. Galatians 1:16; 2:2,8-9,12,14-15; 3:8,14.
Baptism
Approved rendering: बपतिस्मा
Transliteration: bapatismā
Doctrine: Union with Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्नान, दीक्षा
Original: βαπτίζω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Established transliterated term; never ritual-bathing or initiation vocabulary. Galatians 3:27, ‘baptized into Christ… put on Christ’.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: खतना
Transliteration: khatanā
Doctrine: Covenant
Original: περιτομή / ἀκροβυστία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. BSI OV term. Galatians 2:3,7-9,12; 5:2-3,6,11; 6:12-15 — the central controversy-marker of the letter; metonymic uses (‘the circumcision’=Jewish people) need natural phrasing (खतना किए हुए लोग).
Cross
Approved rendering: क्रूस
Transliteration: krūsa
Doctrine: Atonement
Rejected alternatives: सूली
Original: σταυρός
Category: Atonement
Inherited from Romans package. Established Hindi Christian term. Galatians 5:11; 6:12,14.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Mercy of God
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Kept distinct from अनुग्रह (grace). Galatians 6:16, closing blessing.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का राज्य
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर का राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. God’s sovereign reign. Galatians 5:21 — the inheritance-exclusion warning must not be softened.
Zeal
Approved rendering: उत्साह
Transliteration: utsāha
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: जोश
Original: ζηλωτής
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Sincere religious energy that cannot save. Galatians 1:14 (Paul’s pre-conversion zeal); 4:17-18 (the Judaizers’ misdirected zeal).
Peace
Approved rendering: शांति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुकून
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relational, covenantal peace; distinguish from Hindu meditation-peace. Galatians 1:3 (greeting); 5:22 (fruit of the Spirit); 6:16 (closing blessing) — enforce the same term across all three occurrences.
Church
Approved rendering: कलीसिया
Transliteration: kalīsiyā
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मंदिर, गिरजाघर
Inherited from Romans package. Transliterated term; never मंदिर (Hindu temple). Galatians 1:2,13,22.
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāela
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package. Proper name; BSI established form. Galatians 6:16 (‘the Israel of God’ — see the new israel_of_god entry for the full contested-referent phrase).
Revelation
Approved rendering: प्रकाशन
Transliteration: prakāśana
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: दर्शन (darshan, devotional sight of a deity), साक्षात्कार (mystical self-realization)
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Gospel
Galatians 1:12,16; 2:2. God’s objective disclosure grounding Paul’s apostolic authority, not a devotional/mystical attainment.
Hypocrisy
Approved rendering: कपट
Transliteration: kapaṭa
Doctrine: Church
Original: ὑπόκρισις
Category: Church
Galatians 2:11-13. Peter’s and Barnabas’s table-fellowship withdrawal; force lands on commensality/caste-based eating separation. Do not blunt Paul’s public confrontation (2:11,14).
Servant Of Sin
Approved rendering: पाप का सेवक
Transliteration: pāpa kā sevaka
Doctrine: Sin
Original: ἁμαρτίας διάκονος
Category: Sin
Galatians 2:17. Keep the rhetorical-question form intact with its emphatic denial (कदापि नहीं).
Transgressor
Approved rendering: अपराधी
Transliteration: aparādhī
Doctrine: Sin
Original: παραβάτης
Category: Sin
Galatians 2:18. Covenant/law transgressor before God specifically, not merely a civil criminal; context must supply व्यवस्था.
Died In Vain
Approved rendering: मसीह का मरना व्यर्थ हुआ
Transliteration: Masīha kā maranā vyartha huā
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δωρεὰν ἀπέθανεν
Category: Salvation
Galatians 2:21. The reductio closing the core-passage argument; keep the full rhetorical force of व्यर्थ.
Bewitched
Approved rendering: किसने तुम्हें मोह लिया
Transliteration: kisane tumheṃ moha liyā
Doctrine: Rhetoric
Rejected alternatives: नज़र लगाना (literal evil-eye affirmation)
Original: ἐβάσκανεν
Category: Rhetoric
Galatians 3:1. Rhetorical rebuke; the established BSI OV मोह लिया keeps it rhetorical without affirming the live folk-belief in the evil eye.
Blessing Of Abraham
Approved rendering: आशीष
Transliteration: āśīṣa
Doctrine: Covenant
Rejected alternatives: आशीर्वाद (guru/elder reciprocal-favor connotation)
Original: εὐλογία
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:8-9,14. God’s own gracious initiative extending to the Gentiles through faith, not a reciprocal-favor exchange.
Mediator
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थ
Transliteration: madhyastha
Doctrine: Covenant
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:19-20 (Moses as mediator of the law at Sinai). TM-consistent with the baseline मध्यस्थता (intercession) family; keeps the law’s mediated giving distinct from the promise’s direct giving.
Heir
Approved rendering: वारिस
Transliteration: vārisa
Doctrine: Covenant
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:29; 4:1,7. Full inheritance by promise/adoption, never merit-earned; must be governed by the surrounding grace/promise framework, not left standing alone.
Elemental Principles
Approved rendering: संसार की आदि शिक्षा
Transliteration: saṃsāra kī ādi śikṣā
Doctrine: Freedom
Original: τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Freedom
Galatians 4:3,9-10. Rudimentary religious principles enslaving pre-Christ, including calendar/ritual-observance systems paralleling India’s muhurta/festival-obligation practice. Handle pastorally; do not soften ‘weak and worthless’.
Slavery
Approved rendering: दासत्व / दास
Transliteration: dāsatva / dāsa
Doctrine: Freedom
Original: δουλεία / δοῦλος
Category: Freedom
Galatians 2:4; 4:1-9,22-31; 5:1. Must be used consistently across all occurrences so the slavery/sonship and slavery/freedom antitheses remain audible across the letter.
Yoke Of Slavery
Approved rendering: दासत्व का जूआ
Transliteration: dāsatva kā jūā
Doctrine: Freedom
Original: ζυγῷ δουλείας
Category: Freedom
Galatians 5:1. Naturally intelligible in the Indian agrarian context; keep concrete and tied to the law-observance referent.
Allegory
Approved rendering: इन बातों में दृष्टान्त है
Transliteration: ina bātoṃ meṃ dṛṣṭānta hai
Doctrine: Covenant
Original: ἀλληγορούμενα
Category: Covenant
Galatians 4:21-31 (Hagar/Sarah as the two covenants). Must not license a general esoteric-allegory hermeneutic of Scripture at large (guards the Inspiration of Scripture doctrine).
Offense Of The Cross
Approved rendering: क्रूस की ठोकर
Transliteration: krūsa kī ṭhokara
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: τὸ σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ
Category: Gospel
Galatians 5:11. TM-consistent with the baseline stumbling_stone (ठोकर) pattern; the offense must remain an offense, not softened to ‘difficulty’ or ‘controversy’.
Sorcery
Approved rendering: जादू-टोना
Transliteration: jādū-ṭonā
Doctrine: Sin
Original: φαρμακεία
Category: Sin
Galatians 5:20. Names a live occult practice in the Indian context; render descriptively, not sensationally, without softening the kingdom-exclusion warning.
Israel Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का इस्राएल
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā Isrāela
Doctrine: Covenant
Original: ὁ Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
Galatians 6:16. Exegetically contested referent (church as true Israel vs. Jewish believers); render literally, record interpretive alternatives as alternatives_considered, do not resolve the referent in the translated text.
Marks Of Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु के दागों के चिन्ह
Transliteration: Yīśu ke dāgoṃ ke cinha
Doctrine: Church
Original: τὰ στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ
Category: Church
Galatians 6:17. Persecution scars as ownership-marks belonging to Jesus; must not read as sect-marks (tilak) or ritual tattoos denoting deity-devotion.
Good Showing In Flesh
Approved rendering: शरीर में अच्छे दिखना चाहते हैं
Transliteration: śarīra meṃ acche dikhanā cāhate haiṃ
Doctrine: Church
Original: εὐπροσωπῆσαι ἐν σαρκί
Category: Church
Galatians 6:12. The Judaizers’ honor/shame-driven motive of avoiding persecution; flag for native speaker review per the baseline honor/shame routing rule.
Bearing One Anothers Burdens
Approved rendering: एक दूसरे के भार उठाओ
Transliteration: eka dūsare ke bhāra uṭhāo
Doctrine: Church
Original: ἀλλήλων τὰ βάρη βαστάζετε
Category: Church
Galatians 6:2. Mutual load-carrying fulfilling the law of Christ. Keep भार (a burden shared with others) lexically distinct from बोझ (6:5, one’s own load), so the two verses read as complementary rather than contradictory.
Low Risk Terms
Boasting
Approved rendering: घमण्ड
Transliteration: ghamaṇḍa
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Excluded by the law of faith. Galatians 6:4,13-14 — restricted to boasting in the cross alone (6:14).
Restore Gently
Approved rendering: नम्रता की आत्मा से ऐसे को संभालो
Transliteration: namratā kī ātmā se aise ko saṃbhālo
Doctrine: Church
Galatians 6:1. Restorative, not punitive, tone for correcting a fellow believer caught in sin; नम्रता (gentleness) is one of the fruit-of-the-Spirit qualities, keep terminology consistent.
By No Means
Approved rendering: कदापि नहीं
Transliteration: kadāpi nahīṃ
Doctrine: Rhetoric
Original: μὴ γένοιτο
Category: Rhetoric
Galatians 2:17; 6:14. Established BSI OV rendering of μὴ γένοιτο; must never be weakened to a mild नहीं.
Jews By Birth
Approved rendering: जन्म से यहूदी
Transliteration: janma se Yahūdī
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: φύσει Ἰουδαῖοι
Category: Salvation
Galatians 2:15. Low risk as vocabulary, but the underlying argument is high-stakes: birth-status conferring spiritual rank is precisely the caste logic Galatians 2:15-16 dismantles. The concessive-then-demolished structure must not be softened.
Judaism Ancestral Traditions
Approved rendering: यहूदी मत / बापदादों की परम्पराएँ
Transliteration: Yahūdī mata / bāpadādoṃ kī paramparāeṃ
Doctrine: Church
Galatians 1:13-14. Ancestral-tradition zeal resonates naturally with Indian readers; keep descriptive, not pejorative.
False Brothers
Approved rendering: झूठे भाई
Transliteration: jhūṭhe bhāī
Doctrine: Church
Galatians 2:4.
Right Hand Of Fellowship
Approved rendering: संगति का दाहिना हाथ
Transliteration: saṃgati kā dāhinā hātha
Doctrine: Church
Galatians 2:9. TM-consistent with the baseline संगति (fellowship) entry; keep the gesture literal.
Tear Down Rebuild
Approved rendering: ढा देना / फिर बनाना
Transliteration: ḍhā denā / phira banānā
Doctrine: Salvation
Galatians 2:18.
Walk Straight
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार की सच्चाई के अनुसार सीधी चाल
Transliteration: susamācar kī saccāī ke anusāra sīdhī cāla
Doctrine: Gospel
Galatians 2:14. Idiom — translate meaning, not the foot-metaphor literally.
Guardians Stewards
Approved rendering: रक्षकों और भण्डारियों के अधीन
Transliteration: rakṣakoṃ aura bhaṇḍāriyoṃ ke adhīna
Doctrine: Covenant
Galatians 4:1-2.
Ones Own Load
Approved rendering: अपना ही बोझ
Transliteration: apanā hī bojha
Doctrine: Church
Galatians 6:5. See bearing_one_anothers_burdens for the भार/बोझ distinction this term depends on.
Not Grow Weary
Approved rendering: भलाई करने में साहस न छोड़ें
Transliteration: bhalāī karane meṃ sāhasa na choṛeṃ
Doctrine: Church
Galatians 6:9-10.
Household Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास के घराने के लोग
Transliteration: viśvāsa ke gharāne ke loga
Doctrine: Church
Original: οἰκεῖοι τῆς πίστεως
Category: Church
Galatians 6:10. Consistent with the baseline fellowship and brotherly_love entries.
Amen
Approved rendering: आमीन
Transliteration: āmīna
Doctrine: Worship
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Worship
Galatians 1:5; 6:18. Transliterated per the Language Package’s established baseline transliteration standard; no translation risk.