Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Luke (English → Hindi)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from the core passage (Luke 4:16-21) and every chapter of Luke, chapters 1-24. Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json are marked [TM-reuse] and their baseline rendering is reused exactly, with no new risk assessment (the baseline risk tier stands). New terms proposed for addition to translation memory are marked [NEW] with a proposed risk tier consistent with the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low framework.
A. Reused Baseline Terms Appearing in Luke (no change; cited for coverage)
| English | Hindi (TM) | Risk (baseline) | Key Luke Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | सुसमाचार | High | 4, 7-9, 20 (verb form new, see below) |
| Grace | अनुग्रह | High | 1, 2, 4 |
| Faith | विश्वास | High | 5, 7, 8, 17, 18, 22 |
| Righteousness | धार्मिकता | Critical | 1, 18, 23 |
| Justification (धर्मी ठहराया जाना) | धर्मी ठहराया जाना | Critical | 18 |
| Salvation | उद्धार | Critical | 1, 2, 3, 7, 19 |
| Apostle | प्रेरित | Medium | 6, 9, 22, 24 |
| Called/Calling | बुलाए हुए / बुलाहट | High | 1, 5, 9, 14 |
| Holy | पवित्र | High | throughout |
| Sanctification | पवित्रीकरण | High | (implicit, discipleship texts) |
| Resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | 9, 14, 20, 24 |
| Lord | प्रभु | Critical | throughout, esp. 1, 2, 6, 10, 20 |
| Son of God | परमेश्वर का पुत्र | Critical | 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 22 |
| Incarnation (देहधारण) | देहधारण | Critical | 1, 2 |
| Peace | शांति | Medium | 1, 2, 7, 19, 24 |
| Church | कलीसिया | Medium | (implicit; ecclesial texts) |
| Kingdom of God | परमेश्वर का राज्य | Medium | 4, 6, 8-14, 17-19, 21-23 |
| Law | व्यवस्था | High | 2, 5, 10, 16, 24 |
| Sin | पाप | High | throughout |
| Gentiles | अन्यजाति | Medium | 2, 4, 7, 21 |
| Glory | महिमा | High | 2, 9, 24 |
| Power of God | परमेश्वर की सामर्थ्य | High | 1, 4, 5, 24 |
| Messiah/Christ | मसीह | Critical | 2, 3, 4, 9, 20, 22-24 |
| Prophet | भविष्यद्वक्ता | Low | 1, 3, 4, 7, 16, 24 |
| Prophecy | भविष्यवाणी | Low | 1, 4, 18, 21-22, 24 |
| Covenant | वाचा | High | 1, 22 |
| Election | परमेश्वर का चुनाव | High | 9 (चुना हुआ, see below) |
| Intercession | मध्यस्थता | Medium | 22-23 (implicit) |
| Providence | परमेश्वर का विधान | High | 12, 22 |
| David | दाऊद | Low | 1-3, 18-20 |
| Israel | इस्राएल | Medium | 1-2, 24 |
| Jesus | यीशु | Critical | throughout |
| God | परमेश्वर | Critical | throughout |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 1, 3, 4, 10-12, 24 |
| Father | पिता | Critical | 2, 6, 10-11, 15, 22-23 |
| Abba | अब्बा | High | (parallel usage; not verbatim in Luke but doctrinally linked at 11:2, 22:42) |
| Repentance | मन फिराव | High | 3, 5, 13, 15, 17, 24 |
| Redemption | छुटकारा | High | 1-2, 4, 19, 21, 24 |
| Wrath of God | परमेश्वर का क्रोध | High | 3, 21 |
| Cross | क्रूस | Medium | 9, 14, 23 |
| Mercy | दया | Medium | 1, 6, 10, 18 |
| Baptism | बपतिस्मा | Medium | 3, 7, 12 |
| Circumcision | खतना | Medium | 1-2 |
| Boasting | घमण्ड | Low | 18 (implicit) |
| Hospitality | अतिथि-सत्कार | Low | 10, 14, 19 |
| Doxology | महिमा-गान | Low | 1-2, 24 |
| Stumbling stone / cornerstone | ठोकर का पत्थर | Medium | 20 |
| Hypocrisy | कपट | Medium | 11-12 |
| Zeal | उत्साह | Medium | (implicit, ch. 9 fervor) |
| Eternal life | अनन्त जीवन | High | 10, 18 |
| New creation | नई सृष्टि | High | (implicit, resurrection-life themes ch. 24) |
| By no means | कदापि नहीं | Low | (implicit rhetorical negations) |
| Amen | आमीन | Low | (implicit liturgical closes) |
B. New Terms Introduced by Luke — Full Glossary Table
| # | English Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Category | Proposed Risk | Definition | Alternatives Rejected | Proposed Hindi Rendering | Translation Notes | Key Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | Salvation/Christology | Critical | One who saves/delivers; divine title stacked with Christ and Lord at Jesus’ birth announcement. | मुक्तिदाता, त्राणकर्ता | उद्धारकर्ता | Root-consistent with TM उद्धार; never मुक्तिदाता (moksha-adjacent). Governs the doctrine “Jesus as Savior for All Nations.” | 2:11 |
| 2 | Forgiveness of sins | ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν | aphesis hamartiōn | Repentance/Forgiveness | High | God’s remission of sin’s guilt, the goal of repentance. | माफी (too colloquial), मुक्ति | पापों की क्षमा | Shares Greek root with “release” (ἄφεσις) at 4:18; mandatory cross-reference note on every occurrence. | 1:77; 3:3; 4:18; 24:47 |
| 3 | Most High | ὕψιστος | hypsistos | Christology/God | Medium | Divine title expressing God’s supreme transcendence. | सर्वोच्च (generic, non-titular) | परमप्रधान | Established BSI divine title. | 1:32,35,76; 6:35; 8:28 |
| 4 | Virgin | παρθένος | parthenos | Incarnation | High | A woman who has not had sexual relations; grounds virgin conception. | कुमारी (ambiguous/archaic), युवती (mere “young woman”) | कुँवारी | Precision essential — doctrine of virgin conception depends on literal sense. | 1:27,34 |
| 5 | Overshadow | ἐπισκιάζω | episkiazō | Incarnation/Holy Spirit | High | Non-physical divine enveloping presence and power (cf. Exodus 40:35). | ढक लेना (too vague), प्रवेश करना (implies physical entry) | छाया करना | Must not suggest sexual union imagery found in some Hindu avatar-birth narratives. Mandatory note. | 1:35 |
| 6 | Visitation (God’s) | ἐπισκέπτομαι / ἐπισκοπή | episkeptomai / episkopē | God/Salvation History | High | God’s gracious personal coming to act on his people’s behalf. | दर्शन देना (FORBIDDEN — implies devotee’s sight of a deity) | भेंट करना / कृपापूर्वक देखना | दर्शन absolutely forbidden — reverses the direction of divine initiative. | 1:68,78; 7:16; 19:44 |
| 7 | Horn of salvation | κέρας σωτηρίας | keras sōtērias | Davidic Covenant | Medium | Hebraic idiom for God-given royal/military deliverance-strength. | (idiom; no direct equivalent) | उद्धार का सींग | Requires explanatory note on the Hebrew royal-power idiom. | 1:69 |
| 8 | Manger | φάτνη | phatnē | Incarnation (narrative) | Low | Animal feeding trough used as Jesus’ cradle. | पालना (generic “cradle,” loses the lowliness) | चरनी | Signals incarnation’s humble setting. | 2:7,12,16 |
| 9 | Sign | σημεῖον | sēmeion | Revelation/Eschatology | Medium | A divinely given confirming mark or wonder. | निशान (weaker, generic “mark”) | चिन्ह | Consistent usage required across birth-sign, Jonah-sign, end-times-signs. | 2:12; 11:29-30; 21:7,11,25 |
| 10 | Devil | διάβολος | diabolos | Spiritual Warfare | High | The personal spiritual adversary who tempts Jesus. | असुर, राक्षस (Hindu mythological demon-classes; different cosmology) | शैतान | Established loanword; distinguish from Hindu asura/rakshasa figures in teaching contexts. | 4:2-13; 8:12 |
| 11 | Authority | ἐξουσία | exousia | Christology/Kingdom | High | Delegated or inherent right to command/act, distinct from raw power (δύναμις). | शक्ति (FORBIDDEN, reserved prohibition), सामर्थ्य (reserved for δύναμις) | अधिकार | Must stay lexically distinct from सामर्थ्य (power_of_god, TM) throughout. | 4:32,36; 5:24; 9:1; 10:19; 20:2,8,20 |
| 12 | Sinner | ἁμαρτωλός | hamartōlos | Sin/Table Fellowship | High | A person marked by sin, often the socially/religiously despised. | अशुद्ध, अपवित्र (wrongly imply ritual impurity/caste categories) | पापी | Root-consistent with TM पाप; must not carry caste/untouchability connotation. Governs “Table Fellowship with Sinners” doctrine. | 5:8,30-32; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7 |
| 13 | Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | huios tou anthrōpou | Christology | Critical | Jesus’ characteristic self-designation combining Danielic authority and true humanity. | मनुष्य (bare, loses titular force) | मनुष्य का पुत्र | Fixed phrase; never interchanged with परमेश्वर का पुत्र (Son of God). | 5:24; 6:5,22; 7:34; 9:22,26,44,58; 11:30; 12:8,10,40; 17:22-30; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7 |
| 14 | Tax collector | τελώνης | telōnēs | Table Fellowship | Medium | Despised Roman-collaborator revenue official. | (no strong direct Hindi analogue; description required) | चुंगी लेनेवाला | Native speaker review for clearest modern equivalent. | 5:27-32; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-13; 19:2 |
| 15 | Blessed | μακάριος | makarios | Kingdom/Poor & Marginalized | High | God’s favorable, often paradox-reversing verdict on a state of life. | प्रसन्न, खुश (too weak, lose reversal force) | धन्य | Must retain eschatological-reversal force, not mere “happy.” | 6:20-22; 7:23; 11:28; 12:37-38,43; 14:14-15; 23:29 |
| 16 | Woe | οὐαί | ouai | Kingdom/Judgment | High | A prophetic lament/warning-cry pronouncing coming judgment. | अफ़सोस (too weak/sympathetic) | हाय | Must retain prophetic-judicial force, mirror of “blessed.” | 6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-52; 17:1; 21:23; 22:22 |
| 17 | Lord of the Sabbath | κύριος τοῦ σαββάτου | kyrios tou sabbatou | Christology | High | Jesus’ authority claim over the Sabbath institution itself. | (must not soften into mere rule-permission statement) | सब्त के प्रभु | Implicit deity/authority claim; preserve fully. | 6:5 |
| 18 | Compassion | σπλαγχνίζομαι | splanchnizomai | Jesus’ Compassion | High (curriculum-critical) | Visceral, gut-level pity that moves a person to act. | करुणा (risks Buddhist brahmavihāra-virtue overtone as primary verb) | तरस खाना (verb); करुणा acceptable in descriptive prose | Track consistently at 7:13; 10:33; 15:20 as a deliberate three-scene pattern. | 7:13; 10:33; 15:20 |
| 19 | Faith has saved you | ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε | hē pistis sou sesōken se | Faith/Salvation | High | Fixed Lukan formula linking personal trust in Jesus to deliverance/healing. | (must remain a fixed formula, not paraphrased) | तेरे विश्वास ने तुझे बचाया है | Render identically at all four occurrences per cross-document consistency rules. | 7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42 |
| 20 | Word of God | λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ | logos tou theou | Kingdom/Scripture | High | God’s spoken/proclaimed message, personified as sown seed. | शब्द (risks Sant/bhakti mystical-sound “śabda” tradition) | परमेश्वर का वचन | वचन preferred over शब्द to avoid Sant-tradition mystical-sound collision. | 8:11,15,21; 5:1; 11:28 |
| 21 | Chosen/elect | ἐκλεκτός | eklektos | Christology/Election | High | One specially selected/appointed by God; applied to Christ at Transfiguration. | भाग्यशाली (fate-adjacent, forbidden pattern) | चुना हुआ | Root-consistent with TM परमेश्वर का चुनाव; paired with, not substituted for, Son of God at 9:35. | 9:35; 23:35 |
| 22 | Deny self / take up cross daily | ἀπαρνέομαι ἑαυτόν / αἴρειν τὸν σταυρὸν καθ᾽ ἡμέραν | aparneomai heauton / airein ton stauron kath’ hēmeran | Discipleship | High | Radical, continuous, everyday self-renunciation following Christ. | (must retain “daily” qualifier — Luke’s distinctive addition) | अपने आप का इन्कार करना / हर दिन अपना क्रूस उठाना | The “daily” (हर दिन) qualifier is Luke’s unique emphasis; must not be dropped. | 9:23-24; 14:27 |
| 23 | Neighbor | πλησίον | plēsion | Compassion/Ethics | Medium | Anyone encountered in need, deliberately expanded beyond ethnic/in-group boundaries. | अपने ही समुदाय का व्यक्ति (wrongly narrows scope) | पड़ोसी | Must not be narrowed to same-caste/community sense; parable’s force depends on universal scope. | 10:27,29,36 |
| 24 | The harvest (mission) | ὁ θερισμός | ho therismos | Mission | Medium | Eschatological ingathering of people into the Kingdom, requiring laborers. | (keep distinct from Galatians’ individual-accountability “sowing and reaping” usage) | फसल | Flag distinction from Galatians TM sowing_and_reaping context for cross-curriculum clarity. | 10:2 |
| 25 | Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit | βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον | blasphēmia eis to Pneuma to Hagion | Holy Spirit | Critical | Willful, final rejection of the Spirit’s testimony to Christ; the unforgivable sin. | (avoid framing as ritual pollution) | पवित्र आत्मा के विरुद्ध निन्दा | Inherits Holy Spirit’s Critical status; requires careful, non-alarmist pastoral framing. | 12:10 |
| 26 | Repent or perish | μετανοήσητε… ἀπολεῖσθε | metanoēsēte… apoleisthe | Repentance | High | Urgent call to repentance, rejecting suffering-as-proof-of-guilt reasoning. | (must reject karma-retribution reading explicitly) | मन फिराओ, नहीं तो नाश हो जाओगे | Mandatory pastoral note rejecting the karma-retribution misreading Jesus himself denies in context. | 13:1-5 |
| 27 | Narrow door | ἡ στενὴ θύρα | hē stenē thyra | Kingdom/Salvation | Medium | Urgent, effortful entry into the Kingdom, contra false covenant-entitlement. | संकरा मार्ग (also valid; either acceptable) | सकेत द्वार | Ties to universal-nations doctrine (many “from east and west” enter). | 13:24 |
| 28 | Great banquet | δεῖπνον μέγα | deipnon mega | Kingdom/Table Fellowship | Medium | The eschatological Kingdom feast to which the marginalized are invited. | (keep concrete banquet imagery) | बड़ी जेवनार / बड़ा भोज | Enacts “Good News to the Poor” and “Table Fellowship” doctrines together. | 14:15-24 |
| 29 | Hate father/mother (cost of discipleship) | μισεῖ τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα | misei ton patera kai tēn mētera | Discipleship | High | Semitic comparative hyperbole for relativized priority of allegiance to Christ, not literal hatred. | घृणा करना (literal “hate,” pastorally disastrous if unqualified) | अपने माता-पिता से भी बढ़कर मुझसे प्रेम रखे (comparative framing) | Mandatory translator note on the Semitic idiom; literal “hate” would be culturally catastrophic in Indian family-honor context. | 14:26 |
| 30 | Lost | ἀπολωλός / ἀπόλλυμι | apolōlos / apollymi | Repentance/Compassion | Medium | A person estranged from God, in danger of ruin, yet actively sought. | नष्ट (too final/harsh) | खोया हुआ | Governs ch. 15 parable trio. | 15:4,6,8-9,17,24,32; 19:10 |
| 31 | Joy (over repentance) | χαρά | chara | Repentance/Discipleship | Medium | Celebratory, personal-relational response — God’s own joy — to a sinner’s repentance. | आनन्द carries risk (see note) but remains the standard rendering | आनन्द | Must remain God’s personal joy over a specific person, not impersonal Vedantic sat-chit-ananda bliss. | 15:7,10,32; 24:52 |
| 32 | Was dead and is alive again | νεκρὸς ἦν καὶ ἀνέζησεν | nekros ēn kai anezēsen | Repentance (figurative) | Medium | Figurative death/restoration through repentance and welcome, NOT bodily resurrection. | (must not be confused with पुनरुत्थान) | मरा हुआ था और जी उठा है | Mandatory note distinguishing this figurative usage from literal, Critical-tier पुनरुत्थान. | 15:24,32 |
| 33 | Mammon/money | μαμωνᾶς | mamōnas | Discipleship/Possessions | Medium | Wealth personified as a rival object of ultimate trust. | (must not be presented as an actual rival deity name) | धन (मैमोन as transliteration option) | Must not suggest parallel to Hindu wealth-deities (Lakshmi, Kubera). | 16:9,11,13 |
| 34 | Hades | ᾅδης | hadēs | Eschatology | High | The intermediate place/state of the dead prior to final resurrection/judgment. | पाताल (FORBIDDEN — Hindu Puranic nāga-underworld cosmology) | अधोलोक | Mandatory note distinguishing from both Hindu पाताल and the final state of judgment. | 16:23 |
| 35 | Forgive (interpersonal, repeated) | ἀφίημι | aphiēmi | Repentance/Forgiveness | Medium | Repeated, unconditional interpersonal forgiveness modeled on divine forgiveness. | (root-share with ἄφεσις should be noted) | क्षमा करना | Same Greek root as ἄφεσις (item 2); cross-reference in teaching notes. | 17:3-4 |
| 36 | Kingdom of God is among you | ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | entos hymōn estin hē basileia tou theou | Kingdom (Present/Future) | High | Debated: corporate “in your midst” (preferred) vs. inward-individual “within you” (risk-laden). | तुम्हारे भीतर है (flagged, not preferred — see note) | तुम्हारे बीच में | MANDATORY THEOLOGIAN REVIEW. “Within you” risks conflation with Vedantic indwelling-Self (आत्मा/ब्रह्म) doctrine; corporate sense preferred, record alternative as alternatives_considered. | 17:21 |
| 37 | Son of David | υἱὸς Δαυίδ | huios Dauid | Davidic Covenant/Christology | High | Messianic title invoked by a marginalized blind beggar. | (inherits Davidic Covenant High status) | दाऊद की सन्तान | Ties outsider-recognition motif to Davidic Covenant doctrine. | 18:38-39; 20:41-44 |
| 38 | Salvation has come to this house | σωτηρία τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ ἐγένετο | sōtēria tō oikō toutō egeneto | Salvation/Repentance | Critical | उद्धार applied concretely to a repentant household, reprising 4:21’s “today.” | (fixed formula) | आज इस घर में उद्धार आया है | Reprises core-passage “today” motif; render consistently. | 19:9 |
| 39 | Son of Man came to seek and save the lost | ἦλθεν ζητῆσαι καὶ σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλός | ēlthen zētēsai kai sōsai to apolōlos | Christology/Mission (summary) | Critical | Luke’s one-verse summary of the whole Gospel’s mission. | (must remain a fixed, identical formula across the curriculum) | मनुष्य का पुत्र खोए हुओं को ढूँढ़ने और बचाने आया है | Single most concentrated doctrinal-summary verse in Luke; fix rendering across all documents. | 19:10 |
| 40 | House of prayer | οἶκος προσευχῆς | oikos proseuchēs | Prayer | Low | The Temple’s God-given purpose as a place of prayer. | (straightforward) | प्रार्थना का घर | Ties Temple purpose to Prayer/Dependence doctrine. | 19:46 |
| 41 | Rejected stone/cornerstone | λίθος… κεφαλὴ γωνίας | lithos… kephalē gōnias | Christology (extends TM) | Medium | Christ rejected by leaders, made foundational cornerstone (Ps 118:22). | (extends baseline ठोकर का पत्थर pattern) | ठोकर का पत्थर / कोने का सिरा पत्थर | [TM-adjacent extension]; inherits baseline Medium rating. | 20:17-18 |
| 42 | New covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη | kainē diathēkē | Covenant/Atonement | Critical | The covenant inaugurated in Christ’s blood at the Last Supper. | (never suggest a repeating cycle of covenants) | नई वाचा | TM वाचा + नई; continuity/fulfillment, not abrogation. | 22:20 |
| 43 | Body and blood | σῶμα καὶ αἷμα | sōma kai haima | Atonement/Eucharist | Critical | Christ’s self-giving, given TO the disciples in the bread and cup. | (must not reverse gift-direction toward Hindu प्रसाद logic) | देह और लोहू | Mandatory note distinguishing from प्रसाद’s typical offering-then-return structure. | 22:19-20 |
| 44 | Not my will but yours | μὴ τὸ θέλημά μου ἀλλὰ τὸ σόν | mē to thelēma mou alla to son | Prayer/Providence | Medium | Jesus’ submission of his will to the Father’s personal, purposive will. | भाग्य/नियति (FORBIDDEN, fate-language) | मेरी नहीं परन्तु तेरी इच्छा हो | इच्छा must remain the Father’s personal will, never fate/destiny. | 22:42 |
| 45 | Agony | ἀγωνία | agōnia | Humanity of Christ | Medium | Intense emotional/spiritual distress under extreme pressure. | (must not stylize into detached stoic suffering) | अत्यन्त व्याकुलता | Grounds Christ’s genuine humanity at its most vivid point. | 22:44 |
| 46 | Paradise | παράδεισος | paradeisos | Eschatology/Salvation | High | The immediate, blessed presence of Christ after death for the redeemed. | स्वर्ग alone (loses the specific “immediate presence with Christ” sense); Hindu svarga (temporary, merit-graded, cyclical) | परादीस (transliteration) | Distinguish from both general स्वर्ग usage and Hindu svarga’s cyclical/merit-graded cosmology. Mandatory note. | 23:43 |
| 47 | Certainly this was a righteous man | ὄντως ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος δίκαιος ἦν | ontōs ho anthrōpos houtos dikaios ēn | Christology/Universal Scope | High | Gentile centurion’s vindicating confession at the cross. | (धर्मी must not drift toward धर्म) | सचमुच यह मनुष्य धर्मी था | Keep firmly within baseline धार्मिकता/धर्मी conventions; reinforces Gentile-inclusion doctrine. | 23:47 |
| 48 | Flesh and bones | σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα | sarka kai ostea | Resurrection (bodily) | High | Jesus’ real, physical, resurrected corporeality, against a “spirit”/illusion misreading. | शरीर alone (reserved by baseline for technical σάρξ/fallen-nature sense) | माँस और हड्डियाँ | Deliberately distinct from TM शरीर to avoid blurring the two senses of “flesh.” | 24:39 |
| 49 | Witnesses | μάρτυρες | martyres | Mission/Apostleship | Medium | Those who testify, from firsthand experience, to the resurrection. | (keep distinct from later “martyr” sense) | गवाह | Foundational to apostolic mission-commissioning. | 24:48 |
| 50 | Carried up into heaven (Ascension) | ἀνεφέρετο εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν | anephereto eis ton ouranon | Christology/Eschatology | High | Christ’s bodily, historical, unrepeatable ascension to the Father. | (must not suggest mystical dissolution/absorption, e.g., of a departing saint/avatar) | स्वर्ग पर उठाया गया | Mandatory note distinguishing bodily ascension from mystical absorption narratives. | 24:51; (cf. 9:51) |
| 51 | Overshadowed by fulfilled/today motif — “fulfilled” | πληρόω (πεπλήρωται) | peplērōtai | Fulfillment of Prophecy | High | Linear, historical, completed-with-abiding-result fulfillment of a specific prior promise. | (never a cyclical/repeatable fulfillment) | पूरा हो गया है | Perfect tense sense must be preserved; core-passage climax term (4:21). | 4:21; 24:44 |
| 52 | Today | σήμερον | sēmeron | Kingdom (Present/Future) | High (in application) | The present moment as the locus of eschatological, in-breaking fulfillment. | (never weakened to vague “soon”/“in these days”) | आज | Four-point structural motif: 2:11; 4:21; 19:9; 23:43 — track consistency. | 2:11; 4:21; 19:9; 23:43 |
| 53 | Anointed | χρίω | chriō | Christology (core passage) | Critical | The Spirit’s unique, once-for-all commissioning of the divine Son for his saving mission; verb-root of Χριστός/मसीह. | (never framed as ritual performed by a human priest on an image) | अभिषेक करना | Mandatory translator note distinguishing from Hindu मूर्ति-अभिषेक deity/king-anointing ritual. Root shared with established TM मसीह. | 4:18 |
| 54 | Gospel to the poor (verb) | εὐαγγελίζομαι | euangelizomai | Gospel/Poor & Marginalized | High | Verb form of the establishe TM गॉस्पेल noun; to proclaim the saving message as authoritative herald, specifically to the destitute. | खुशखबरी सुनाना (rejected per baseline noun-form prohibition) | सुसमाचार सुनाना | Must retain TM सुसमाचार root exactly. | 4:18; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 20:1 |
| 55 | Poor | πτωχός | ptōchos | Poor & Marginalized (governing term) | High | Absolute economic destitution; by extension, the powerless and dependent. | कंगाल (usable but harsher register); “poor in spirit” softening (FORBIDDEN drift, absent from Luke’s text) | गरीब / दीन | Must not be spiritualized away from Luke’s material/economic specificity. Governing term for an entire assigned doctrine. | 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:20,22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3 |
| 56 | Captives | αἰχμάλωτος | aichmalōtos | Poor & Marginalized/Liberation | Medium | Those bound/imprisoned, recalling Israel’s exile, reapplied to spiritual bondage. | (keep literal primarily) | बंदी | Deeper spiritual-bondage sense drawn out contextually, not lexically. | 4:18 |
| 57 | Release/liberty | ἄφεσις | aphesis | Liberation/Forgiveness (core passage) | High | Same Greek root as “forgiveness of sins”; here, physical release of captives. | मुक्ति/मोक्ष (ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN) | छुटकारा [TM-reuse from redemption entry] | Mandatory translator note on every occurrence explaining the shared root with “forgiveness of sins” (item 2), which Hindi must render with a different word. | 4:18-19 |
| 58 | Recovery of sight | ἀνάβλεψις | anablepsis | Healing/Kingdom Signs | Medium | Literal restoration of physical sight, also a sign of spiritual illumination. | ज्ञान-प्राप्ति (wrongly suggests self-attained jñāna-enlightenment) | दृष्टि पाना | Keep concrete/physical primarily; avoid jñāna-enlightenment drift. | 4:18; 7:21; 18:35-43 |
| 59 | Oppressed/crushed | θραύω (τεθραυσμένοι) | tethrausmenoi | Poor & Marginalized | Medium | Those crushed by systemic hardship, whom Jesus’ mission targets for release. | (positive resonance with contemporary Indian marginalization discourse — calibrate register) | कुचले हुए लोग | Native speaker review recommended for register calibration. | 4:18 |
| 60 | The acceptable/favorable year of the Lord (Jubilee) | ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός | eniautos Kyriou dektos | Kingdom Inauguration | High | Allusion to Leviticus 25 Jubilee — a one-time inaugurated fulfillment, not a recurring ritual calendar. | (never framed as a repeating festival-calendar observance) | प्रभु का अनुग्रहकारी वर्ष | Consistent with baseline elemental_principles caution (Galatians) against calendar/ritual-observance-system misreadings. | 4:19 |
| 61 | Scripture | γραφή | graphē | Inspiration of Scripture | High | The fixed, authoritative, God-breathed written text (as opposed to mystical śruti-hearing). | श्रुति-analogous framing (avoid) | पवित्रशास्त्र | Distinguish from Hindu śruti (sage’s mystical hearing of scripture). | 4:21; 24:27,32,45 |
C. Category Index (for Phase 2 routing)
| Doctrine (per curriculum parameters) | Primary new terms (by # above) |
|---|---|
| Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | 1, 38, 39, 47, 60 |
| The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 5, 6, 25, 53 |
| Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 8, 14, 15, 18, 23, 28, 34, 55, 56, 59, 61 (contextual) |
| Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 2, 26, 30, 32, 35, 57 |
| Prayer and Dependence on God | 40, 44, 45 |
| The Kingdom of God Present and Future | 9, 20, 27, 36, 52, 60 |
| The Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 22, 29, 31, 50 |
| Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | 12, 18, 28, 33 |
D. Forbidden Substitutions Newly Established by Luke (extends baseline list)
| Concept | NEVER use | ALWAYS use |
|---|---|---|
| God’s visitation | दर्शन देना | भेंट करना / कृपापूर्वक देखना |
| Anointed (χρίω) | (no forbidden alternative — but requires mandatory note against ritual-deity-anointing misreading) | अभिषेक करना + translator note |
| Hades | पाताल | अधोलोक + translator note |
| Paradise | (bare स्वर्ग without qualification) | परादीस + translator note |
| Authority (ἐξουσία) | शक्ति | अधिकार |
| Word of God | शब्द (as primary rendering) | वचन |
| Flesh (literal, resurrection body) | शरीर alone | माँस (paired with, or instead of, शरीर) |
| Kingdom “among/within” you | तुम्हारे भीतर (as unflagged primary) | तुम्हारे बीच में (primary); भीतर recorded only as alternative_considered |
| Hate father/mother (14:26) | घृणा करना rendered literally without qualification | comparative-priority framing with mandatory note |
This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json. All 61 new terms in Section B are proposed for formal addition to translation memory at the start of Phase 2, each requiring the risk-tier review routing specified in doctrine_risk_registry.json’s conventions (Critical/High → human theologian; Medium → native speaker; Low → automated).
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, न्याय
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never धर्म. At 23:47 the Gentile centurion’s confession सचमुच यह मनुष्य धर्मी था (see righteous_man_centurion, Section B) must read within this exact convention, never drifting toward ‘a man of dharma/duty.’ Also governs 18:14’s justified tax collector.
Justification
Approved rendering: धर्मी ठहराया जाना
Transliteration: dharmī ṭaharāyā jānā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: माफी पाना, पुण्य प्राप्त करना
Original: δικαιοωθείς / δεδικαιωμένος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Compound phrase required; never abbreviated. Luke 18:14 (the Pharisee and the tax collector) is this curriculum’s paradigmatic enactment and must render identically to this baseline compound phrase.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhāra
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER मुक्ति or मोक्ष. Governs Luke’s four-point ‘today’ motif at 19:9 (see salvation_come_to_this_house, Section B) and underlies उद्धारकर्ता (Savior, Section B). छुटकारा remains available for redemption-specific contexts per baseline.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruttāna
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER पुनर्जन्म. Governs 9:22; 18:33; 20:27-40; 24:1-12,36-43. Must be kept lexically distinct from the figurative ‘was dead and is alive again’ idiom of ch. 15 (see was_dead_and_alive_again, Section B) and reinforced by माँस और हड्डियाँ (24:39, see flesh_and_bones, Section B).
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: Prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to God, to Jesus at birth (2:11, stacked with Savior and Christ — see savior, Section B), and to Jesus’ Sabbath-authority claim (6:5, see lord_of_the_sabbath, Section B), where the implicit deity-claim must never soften into mere rule-permission.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का पुत्र
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर का अंश, देव-पुरुष
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: full phrase required, declared at annunciation (1:32,35), baptism (3:22), and Transfiguration (9:35, paired with चुना हुआ — see chosen_elect, Section B). Must remain lexically distinct from मनुष्य का पुत्र (Son of Man, Section B) throughout all 24 chapters — never interchanged or collapsed.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇa
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, देह प्रकटीकरण
Original: ἐπισκιάζω / ἐγένετο σάρξ (background)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER अवतार. Luke 1:26-38 and 2:7 are this doctrine’s fullest Gospel-level exposition; must coordinate with virgin, overshadow, and gods_visitation (Section B).
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: Masīha
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त व्यक्ति, देव-दूत
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Confessed by Peter (9:20) as ‘the Christ of God’ and central to the risen Christ’s own scriptural self-interpretation (24:26-27,46). Shares its root with the verb अभिषेक करना (anointed, Section B, Luke 4:18) — mandatory disambiguation note required wherever both appear near one another.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा, ईशू
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. BSI OV standard; NEVER ईसा. The proper name of the central figure of Luke’s Gospel throughout.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvara
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर, भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER भगवान. Addressed throughout Luke, especially the birth hymns and passion narrative.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा, देव-आत्मा
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER ब्रह्म or परमात्मा. Governs the doctrine ‘The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History’ from conception (1:35) to the Pentecost promise (24:49). Luke’s recurring ‘filled with the Holy Spirit’ formula (1:15,41,67; 4:1) must use this fixed phrase every time — आत्मा alone is never sufficient, since आत्मा doubles for a person’s own inner self and, in Vedantic usage, for ब्रह्म/परमात्मा.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Addressed by Jesus in the Lord’s Prayer (11:2) and at his death (23:34,46); never a Hindu creator-deity name.
Savior
Approved rendering: उद्धारकर्ता
Transliteration: uddhārakartā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्तिदाता, त्राणकर्ता
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
NEW term. One who saves/delivers; the angelic title for the newborn Jesus (2:11), stacked with Christ and Lord in a single announcement. Root-consistent with TM उद्धार. NEVER मुक्तिदाता or त्राणकर्ता (both moksha/liberation-adjacent). The stacking of three Critical titles in one verse (2:11) requires mandatory theologian review.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: मनुष्य का पुत्र
Transliteration: manuṣya kā putra
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: मनुष्य (bare, loses titular force)
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW term. Jesus’ characteristic self-designation combining Daniel 7’s exalted heavenly figure with genuine humanity, used constantly across Luke (5:24; 6:5,22; 7:34; 9:22,26,44,58; 11:30; 12:8,10,40; 17:22-30; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7). Must remain a fixed, exact phrase throughout, kept lexically distinct from परमेश्वर का पुत्र (Son of God).
Blasphemy Against Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा के विरुद्ध निन्दा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā ke viruddha nindā
Doctrine: Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον
Category: God
NEW term, inheriting the Holy Spirit doctrine’s Critical status. Willful, final rejection of the Spirit’s testimony to Christ; the unique, unforgivable sin (12:10). Must be framed with careful, non-alarmist pastoral notes distinct from any notion of unforgivable ritual pollution.
Salvation Come To This House
Approved rendering: आज इस घर में उद्धार आया है
Transliteration: āja isa ghara meṃ uddhāra āyā hai
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ ἐγένετο
Category: Salvation
NEW fixed formula, combining TM उद्धार and आज. उद्धार applied concretely to Zacchaeus’s household upon his repentance and restitution, reprising the core passage’s ‘today’ motif (19:9). Given this verse’s structural role in Luke’s four-point ‘today’ motif (2:11; 4:21; 19:9; 23:43), render identically wherever quoted across curriculum materials.
Son Of Man Seek Save Lost
Approved rendering: मनुष्य का पुत्र खोए हुओं को ढूँढ़ने और बचाने आया है
Transliteration: manuṣya kā putra khoe huoṃ ko ḍhūṃḍhane aura bacāne āyā hai
Doctrine: Christology
Original: ἦλθεν… ζητῆσαι καὶ σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλός
Category: Christology
NEW fixed formula — the single most concentrated one-verse doctrinal summary in Luke (19:10), combining मनुष्य का पुत्र, the उद्धार/बचाना root, and खोया हुआ. This exact Hindi rendering must be fixed and identical wherever quoted across all Phase 2 documents.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: नई वाचा
Transliteration: naī vācā
Doctrine: Covenant
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
NEW term combining TM वाचा with नई. The covenant inaugurated in Christ’s blood at the Last Supper (22:20). Must be understood as covenant fulfillment/renewal in continuity with God’s character, never abrogation, and never suggestive of a repeating cycle of covenants.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: देह और लोहू
Transliteration: deha aura lohū
Doctrine: Covenant
Original: σῶμα καὶ αἷμα
Category: Covenant
NEW term. Christ’s own self-giving, given TO the disciples for their salvation, in the bread and cup (22:19-20). Must not be assimilated to the logic of Hindu प्रसाद (an offering made TO a deity that is then distributed back); Christ’s gift moves one-directionally from God to the sinner. Mandatory translator note required on every occurrence.
Anointed
Approved rendering: अभिषेक करना
Transliteration: abhiṣeka karanā
Doctrine: Christology
Original: χρίω (ἔχρισέν)
Category: Christology
NEW term. The single most doctrinally loaded verb in the core passage (4:18), the verb-root of Χριστός/मसीह itself. अभिषेक करना is retained despite serious collision risk with Hindu मूर्ति-अभिषेक (deity-image anointing) and royal coronation ritual, because it is the established root shared with मसीह and cannot be avoided without losing the wordplay. Every occurrence REQUIRES a mandatory translator note distinguishing the Spirit’s unique, once-for-all, non-repeatable commissioning of the divine Son from a repeatable human-priest ritual. Mandatory theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamācar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: खुशखबरी, शुभ सन्देश
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established BSI OV term; do not use colloquial alternatives. Luke uses the verb form εὐαγγελίζομαι more than any other Gospel — render the verb as सुसमाचार सुनाना / प्रचार करना (see gospel_to_the_poor_verb, Section B), always keeping सुसमाचार as the fixed noun root (4:18; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 20:1).
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, वरदान, भाग्य, कर्म-फल, पुण्य
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Must convey unmerited favor apart from human merit. Underlies प्रभु का अनुग्रहकारी वर्ष (the Jubilee ‘acceptable year of the Lord,’ Luke 4:19, see acceptable_year_of_the_lord Section B) — in that construction अनुग्रह must not drift toward कृपा-as-mere-kindness, since the Jubilee is unmerited favor, not reciprocal courtesy. कृपा remains permitted for non-grace mercy/kindness contexts only, per baseline.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, आस्था, भरोसा
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Object of faith (Jesus) must remain explicit at every occurrence of Luke’s recurring healing/salvation formula (5:20; 7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42 — see faith_has_saved_you, Section B), distinguishing personal trust in Christ from generic Hindu śraddhā.
Called
Approved rendering: बुलाए हुए
Transliteration: bulāe hue
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमंत्रित, आमंत्रित
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive across Luke’s calling narratives (5:1-11 disciples; 14:16-24 banquet-invitation parable); check which sense is active per occurrence.
Calling
Approved rendering: बुलाहट
Transliteration: bulāhaṭ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आह्वान
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form for the act/state of being called; keep distinct from बुलाए हुए (adjective/participle).
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Applied throughout Luke to the Spirit, to Jesus (4:34), and to God’s name (1:49); moral/relational set-apartness, not ritual purity.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrikaraṇa
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: सफाई, शुद्धिकरण
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit throughout Luke’s discipleship and Spirit-filling texts; distinct from Hindu ritual purification (shuddhi).
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavasthā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, शरीयत, नियम
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER धर्म. Referenced in ch. 2’s purification rites and the ‘Law and the Prophets’ formula (16:16-17; 24:44).
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Root of पापी (sinner) and पापों की क्षमा (forgiveness of sins) below (Section B); moral transgression before a personal God, never ritual impurity.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देव-ज्योति, प्रकाश
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Announced by angels (2:14) and revealed at the Transfiguration (9:31-32); avoid light-metaphor drift toward Hindu divine-radiance concepts.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर की सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: Parameśvara kī sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति, ताकत
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ) / δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER शक्ति. Must remain lexically distinct throughout all 24 chapters from अधिकार (authority, ἐξουσία — see authority, Section B); anticipated for the church as ‘power from on high’ (24:49).
Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, समझौता
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Invoked in the Benedictus as ‘his holy covenant’ (1:72) and instituted anew at the Last Supper (22:20, see new_covenant, Section B).
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का चुनाव
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā cunāva
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, नियति, किस्मत
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Expressed adjectivally at the Transfiguration, ‘my Chosen One’ (9:35 — see chosen_elect, Section B, which must be paired with, never substituted for, परमेश्वर का पुत्र in that verse).
Providence
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का विधान
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā vidhāna
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, कर्म का नियम
Original: θέλημα (cf. Luke 22:42)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Climaxed in Gethsemane’s submitted इच्छा, ‘not my will but yours’ (22:42 — see not_my_will_but_yours, Section B, which must never drift toward भाग्य/नियति).
Abba
Approved rendering: अब्बा
Transliteration: Abbā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: אַבָּא (conceptually present at 22:42, though not transliterated in Luke’s Greek text)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Not lexically transliterated in Luke’s Greek text, but doctrinally linked to Jesus’ address of the Father at 11:2 and 22:42; retained for doctrinal cross-reference to the baseline entry.
Repentance
Approved rendering: मन फिराव
Transliteration: mana phirāva
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: पश्चाताप
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Repentance
Inherited from Romans package. John’s baptismal message (3:3,8) and the governing term of ‘Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins,’ extending through 5:20-32; 7:47-49; 13:1-5 (see repent_or_perish, Section B); 15:1-32; 17:3-4; 19:1-10; 24:47.
Redemption
Approved rendering: छुटकारा
Transliteration: chuṭakārā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Hoped for by Anna (2:38) and promised eschatologically (21:28). Also serves as the fixed rendering for release_liberty (ἄφεσις in its captive-release sense, Section B) — mandatory cross-reference note required wherever ἄφεσις occurs, since Hindi renders release and sin-forgiveness with two different words for one Greek root.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का क्रोध
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā krodha
Doctrine: Judgment
Rejected alternatives: बदला
Original: ὀργή
Category: Judgment
Inherited from Romans package. Warned of by John (3:7) and echoed in Jesus’ lament over Jerusalem (19:41-44; 21:23); never personal revenge or impersonal karmic retribution.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: अनन्त जीवन
Transliteration: ananta jīvana
Doctrine: Eschatology
Rejected alternatives: अमरता
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. The object of the lawyer’s and the rich ruler’s questions (10:25; 18:18,30); never अमरता (liberation-immortality framing).
New Creation
Approved rendering: नई सृष्टि
Transliteration: naī sṛṣṭi
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: καινὴ κτίσις (implicit; resurrection-life themes)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit in the resurrection-life imagery of ch. 24; never पुनर्जन्म.
Flesh
Approved rendering: शरीर
Transliteration: śarīra
Doctrine: Sin
Rejected alternatives: देह (in sarx contexts)
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved exclusively for the technical Pauline σάρξ (‘fallen human nature’) sense; Luke’s resurrection-body claim at 24:39 deliberately uses माँस, not शरीर, to avoid this technical sense (see flesh_and_bones, Section B) and keep the risen body’s physical reality unambiguous.
Forgiveness Of Sins
Approved rendering: पापों की क्षमा
Transliteration: pāpoṃ kī kṣamā
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: माफी (too colloquial), मुक्ति
Original: ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Repentance
NEW term. God’s remission of sin’s guilt, the goal of John’s baptism (3:3) and the closing commission (24:47). Shares its Greek root (ἄφεσις) with ‘release’ at 4:18 (see release_liberty) — every occurrence across 1:77; 3:3; 4:18; 17:3-4; 24:47 requires a mandatory cross-reference translator note explaining that Hindi necessarily uses two different words (छुटकारा for release, पापों की क्षमा for sin-forgiveness) for one Greek root. Use क्षमा, never colloquial माफी, in doctrinal statements.
Virgin
Approved rendering: कुँवारी
Transliteration: kuṅvārī
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: कुमारी (ambiguous/archaic), युवती (mere ‘young woman’)
Original: παρθένος
Category: Christology
NEW term. Asserts Mary’s literal virginity for the virgin conception (1:27,34). The doctrine of the virgin conception, linked to the Critical Incarnation doctrine, depends on this literal precision.
Overshadow
Approved rendering: छाया करना
Transliteration: chāyā karanā
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ढक लेना (too vague), प्रवेश करना (implies physical entry)
Original: ἐπισκιάζω
Category: Christology
NEW term. Non-physical divine enveloping presence and power describing the Spirit’s action in the virgin conception (1:35), echoing Exodus 40:35. Must not be illustrated or described in any way suggestive of physical divine-human union, as in some Hindu avatar-birth narratives. Mandatory translator note on every occurrence.
Gods Visitation
Approved rendering: भेंट करना / कृपापूर्वक देखना
Transliteration: bheṇṭa karanā / kṝpāpūrvaka dekhanā
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: दर्शन देना (ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN)
Original: ἐπισκέπτομαι / ἐπισκοπή
Category: God
NEW term. God’s gracious personal coming to his people, sung by Zechariah (1:68,78) and echoed at 7:16 and 19:44. दर्शन देना is ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN — दर्शन names the devotee’s sight of a deity in Hindu worship, reversing the direction of the encounter.
Devil
Approved rendering: शैतान
Transliteration: śaitāna
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare
Rejected alternatives: असुर, राक्षस
Original: διάβολος
Category: Sin
NEW term. The personal, malevolent spiritual adversary who tempts Jesus (4:1-13) and sows the evil seed (8:12). Established Hindi Christian/Urdu loanword; distinguish in teaching contexts from Hindu असुर/राक्षस/भूत-प्रेत mythological categories, which operate within a different, morally-ambiguous or ancestral-spirit cosmology.
Authority
Approved rendering: अधिकार
Transliteration: adhikāra
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति (FORBIDDEN), सामर्थ्य (reserved for power_of_god)
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
NEW term. Delegated or inherent right to command/act (ἐξουσία), distinct from raw miracle-working capability (δύναμις); provokes astonishment at Jesus’ teaching and exorcisms (4:32,36; 5:24; 20:1-8). Must remain lexically distinct from सामर्थ्य throughout all 24 chapters — conflating the two erases Luke’s structurally important right-to-act/capability-to-act distinction.
Sinner
Approved rendering: पापी
Transliteration: pāpī
Doctrine: Sin
Rejected alternatives: अशुद्ध, अपवित्र
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
NEW term. A person marked by sin, often specifically the socially/religiously despised, the object of Jesus’ seeking (5:8,30-32; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7). Root-consistent with TM पाप; must never carry ritual/caste-impurity connotation — governs the doctrine ‘Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners.‘
Blessed
Approved rendering: धन्य
Transliteration: dhanya
Doctrine: Kingdom
Rejected alternatives: प्रसन्न, खुश
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom
NEW term. God’s favorable, often paradox-reversing verdict on a state of life, pronounced over the poor, hungry, weeping, and hated (6:20-23). Must retain the paradoxical, eschatological-reversal force; प्रसन्न/खुश are too weak, collapsing the claim into mere subjective happiness.
Woe
Approved rendering: हाय
Transliteration: hāya
Doctrine: Kingdom
Rejected alternatives: अफ़सोस (too weak/sympathetic)
Original: οὐαί
Category: Kingdom
NEW term. A prophetic lament/warning-cry pronouncing coming judgment, the structural mirror of the Beatitudes (6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-52). Must retain prophetic-judicial force, never merely sympathetic.
Lord Of The Sabbath
Approved rendering: सब्त के प्रभु
Transliteration: sabta ke prabhu
Doctrine: Christology
Original: κύριος τοῦ σαββάτου
Category: Christology
NEW term. Jesus’ claim of authority over the Sabbath institution itself (6:5). Carries an implicit deity/authority claim over a core covenant institution; must not be domesticated into a merely permissive statement about Sabbath rules.
Compassion
Approved rendering: तरस खाना
Transliteration: tarasa khānā
Doctrine: Compassion
Rejected alternatives: करुणा (as sole/primary verb of narrative action)
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Compassion
NEW term, curriculum-critical. A visceral, gut-level welling-up of pity that moves a person to act, seen in Jesus (7:13, widow of Nain), the Good Samaritan (10:33), and the waiting father (15:20). तरस खाना preferred over करुणा as the primary action-verb, because करुणा is also a major Buddhist technical term (brahmavihāra) risking an impersonal, self-cultivated meditative-virtue reading; करुणा remains acceptable in descriptive prose. Must be tracked consistently at 7:13; 10:33; 15:20 as a deliberate three-scene pattern.
Faith Has Saved You
Approved rendering: तेरे विश्वास ने तुझे बचाया है
Transliteration: tere viśvāsa ne tujhe bacāyā hai
Doctrine: Faith
Original: ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε
Category: Faith
NEW fixed formula. Jesus’ declaration to a healed/forgiven person that their trust in him is the instrument of deliverance (7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42). Combines TM विश्वास and the उद्धार root (σῴζω); must be rendered identically at all four occurrences per cross-document consistency conventions.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का वचन
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā vacana
Doctrine: Kingdom
Rejected alternatives: शब्द (risks Sant/bhakti mystical-sound tradition)
Original: λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
NEW term. God’s spoken/proclaimed message, personified as seed sown in human hearts in the Parable of the Sower (8:4-15,21; 5:1; 11:28). वचन preferred over शब्द, which in the Sant/bhakti devotional tradition denotes a mystical inner sound-syllable through which the divine discloses itself.
Chosen Elect
Approved rendering: चुना हुआ
Transliteration: cunā huā
Doctrine: Election
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यशाली (fate-adjacent, forbidden pattern)
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
NEW term. One specially selected/appointed by God, spoken by the Father of Jesus at the Transfiguration (9:35; cf. 23:35). Root-consistent with TM परमेश्वर का चुनाव; must be paired with, not substituted for, परमेश्वर का पुत्र in 9:35, since both titles are stated together.
Deny Self Take Up Cross Daily
Approved rendering: अपने आप का इन्कार करना / हर दिन अपना क्रूस उठाना
Transliteration: apane āpa kā inkāra karanā / hara dina apanā krūsa uṭhānā
Doctrine: Discipleship
Original: ἀπαρνέομαι ἑαυτόν / αἴρειν τὸν σταυρὸν καθ᾽ ἡμέραν
Category: Discipleship
NEW term, combining अपने आप का इन्कार करना with TM क्रूस. Radical, continuous, everyday self-renunciation, the governing statement for ‘The Cost and Joy of Discipleship’ (9:23-24; 14:27). Luke’s distinctive addition ‘daily’ (हर दिन, absent from Matthew/Mark’s parallels) must be explicitly retained — never dropped.
Repent Or Perish
Approved rendering: मन फिराओ, नहीं तो नाश हो जाओगे
Transliteration: mana phirāo, nahīṃ to nāśa ho jāoge
Doctrine: Repentance
Original: ἐὰν μὴ μετανοήσητε… ἀπολεῖσθε
Category: Repentance
NEW term, combining TM मन फिराव with नाश होना. Jesus’ urgent warning that repentance is the necessary response to God’s patience, refusing to let hearers treat others’ suffering as proof of their own righteousness (13:1-5). Mandatory pastoral note required rejecting the karma-retribution reasoning Jesus himself explicitly rejects in context.
Hate Father Mother
Approved rendering: अपने माता-पिता से भी बढ़कर मुझसे प्रेम रखे
Transliteration: apane mātā-pitā se bhī baḍhakara mujhase prema rakhe
Doctrine: Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: घृणा करना (literal ‘hate,’ pastorally disastrous)
Original: μισεῖ τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα
Category: Discipleship
NEW term. Semitic comparative hyperbole for the relativized priority of allegiance to Christ over even the closest family bonds (14:26). Must render the comparative-priority idiom, NOT literal hatred, which would be pastorally and culturally disastrous given Indian family-honor dynamics. Mandatory translator note required on every occurrence.
Hades
Approved rendering: अधोलोक
Transliteration: adholoka
Doctrine: Eschatology
Rejected alternatives: पाताल (FORBIDDEN)
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. The intermediate place/state of the dead prior to final resurrection and judgment (16:23,26), distinct from the final state of eternal punishment. पाताल is FORBIDDEN — it names the Hindu/Puranic subterranean serpent-world (nāga-loka), a wholly different cosmology. Mandatory translator note required distinguishing अधोलोक from both पाताल and the final state of judgment.
Kingdom Among You
Approved rendering: तुम्हारे बीच में
Transliteration: tumhāre bīca meṃ
Doctrine: Kingdom
Rejected alternatives: तुम्हारे भीतर (as unflagged primary — recorded only as alternatives_considered)
Original: ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
NEW term. MANDATORY THEOLOGIAN REVIEW. A debated phrase (17:21): either the Kingdom’s corporate presence ‘in the midst of’ the hearers, or an inward, individual possession ‘within you.’ तुम्हारे भीतर risks strong collision with the Hindu/Vedantic doctrine of the divine already dwelling within the individual self, inviting a self-realization misreading. तुम्हारे बीच में is the preferred primary rendering; ‘within you’ is recorded only as alternatives_considered, never used as the primary text.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊद की सन्तान
Transliteration: Dāūda kī santāna
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
NEW term, inheriting the Davidic Covenant doctrine’s High status from the baseline. Messianic title invoked by the marginalized blind beggar (18:38-39) and debated by Jesus with the scribes (20:41-44); ties the outsider-recognition motif directly to the messianic-promise doctrine.
Paradise
Approved rendering: परादीस
Transliteration: parādīsa
Doctrine: Eschatology
Rejected alternatives: bare स्वर्ग (loses specific ‘immediate presence with Christ’ sense), Hindu svarga concept
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. The immediate, blessed presence of Christ after death for the redeemed, promised to the repentant criminal (23:43). परादीस (transliteration) required rather than bare स्वर्ग; must be distinguished from Hindu svarga’s temporary, merit-graded, cyclical cosmology. Mandatory translator note; reprises the core passage’s ‘today’ motif (see today).
Righteous Man Centurion
Approved rendering: सचमुच यह मनुष्य धर्मी था
Transliteration: sacamuca yaha manuṣya dharmī thā
Doctrine: Christology
Original: ὄντως ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος δίκαιος ἦν
Category: Christology
NEW term using TM धार्मिकता’s adjectival root धर्मी. The Roman centurion’s vindicating confession of Jesus’ innocence at the cross (23:47); must be kept firmly within baseline righteousness conventions, never drifting toward धर्म despite surface lexical proximity.
Flesh And Bones
Approved rendering: माँस और हड्डियाँ
Transliteration: māṃsa aura haḍḍiyāṃ
Doctrine: Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: शरीर alone (reserved for technical sarx sense)
Original: σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Jesus’ insistence on his own real, physical, resurrected corporeality against a ‘spirit’/ghost misunderstanding (24:39). Deliberately uses माँस rather than TM शरीर, which the baseline reserves for the technical Pauline σάρξ sense; using शरीर alone could suggest the resurrection body is illusory (māyā) rather than genuinely physical.
Carried Up Into Heaven
Approved rendering: स्वर्ग पर उठाया गया
Transliteration: svarga para uṭhāyā gayā
Doctrine: Christology
Original: ἀνεφέρετο εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν
Category: Christology
NEW term. Jesus’ bodily, visible, historical ascension, the concluding, unrepeatable event of the resurrection appearances (24:51; cf. 9:51). Must be kept distinct from any Hindu narrative of a saint’s or avatar’s mystical bodily dissolution/merging into the divine. Mandatory translator note required.
Fulfilled
Approved rendering: पूरा हो गया है
Transliteration: pūrā ho gayā hai
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: πληρόω (πεπλήρωται)
Category: Scripture
NEW term. Linear, historical, completed-with-abiding-result fulfillment of a specific prior promise, the climactic term of the core passage (4:21) and of the risen Christ’s own scriptural interpretation (24:44). Must preserve the Greek perfect tense’s completed-yet-abiding sense; must never suggest one fulfillment among a repeating cycle, contrasting with Hindu yuga-cycle cosmology.
Today
Approved rendering: आज
Transliteration: āja
Doctrine: Kingdom
Original: σήμερον
Category: Kingdom
NEW term (in application). The immediate present moment as the locus of eschatological arrival, forming a deliberate four-point structural motif at 2:11 (birth), 4:21 (inaugural sermon), 19:9 (Zacchaeus), and 23:43 (the cross). Must retain full force in every occurrence — never weakened to a vague ‘in these days’ or ‘soon.‘
Gospel To The Poor Verb
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार सुनाना
Transliteration: susamācar sunānā
Doctrine: Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: खुशखबरी सुनाना (rejected per baseline noun-form prohibition)
Original: εὐαγγελίζομαι
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW term (verb form of TM सुसमाचार). To proclaim the saving message as an authoritative herald, specifically to the destitute (4:18; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 20:1). Must retain TM सुसमाचार root exactly.
Poor
Approved rendering: गरीब / दीन
Transliteration: garība / dīna
Doctrine: Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: कंगाल (harsher register), ‘poor in spirit’ spiritualization
Original: πτωχός
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW term, governing an entire assigned doctrine. Absolute economic destitution; by extension, the powerless and dependent (4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:20,22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3). गरीब/दीन must not be spiritualized away into a purely inward/devotional poverty that erases Luke’s material specificity (unlike Matthew’s ‘poor in spirit’), nor reduced to a purely socio-economic program divorced from the gospel’s saving announcement.
Release Liberty
Approved rendering: छुटकारा
Transliteration: chuṭakārā
Doctrine: Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति (ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN), मोक्ष (ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN)
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW term-application (reuses TM छुटकारा root). Physical release of captives, the same Greek root (ἄφεσις) Luke elsewhere uses for the forgiveness of sins (1:77; 3:3; 24:47), deliberately held together in the core passage (4:18-19). MANDATORY TRANSLATOR NOTE on every occurrence explaining that Greek uses one word for both senses, which Hindi necessarily renders with two different words (छुटकारा / पापों की क्षमा).
Acceptable Year Of The Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु का अनुग्रहकारी वर्ष
Transliteration: Prabhu kā anugrahakārī varṣa
Doctrine: Kingdom
Original: ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός
Category: Kingdom
NEW term reusing TM अनुग्रह as its root. An allusion to the Year of Jubilee (Leviticus 25), the once-for-all, historically inaugurated fulfillment of God’s decisive act of release and restoration, announced ‘today’ (4:19,21). Must not be understood as a repeating festival-calendar observance parallel to Hindu auspicious-year/muhurta cycles.
Scripture
Approved rendering: पवित्रशास्त्र
Transliteration: pavitraśāstra
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: श्रुति-analogous framing
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture
NEW term. The fixed, authoritative, God-breathed written text, read publicly by Jesus (4:21) and authoritatively interpreted by the risen Christ (24:27,32,45). Must be distinguished from Hindu śruti (scripture ‘heard’ directly by sages in mystical transmission).
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerita
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, संदेशवाहक
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 6:13 is the formal commissioning of the Twelve as प्रेरित; extends into 24:44-49’s mission charge alongside गवाह (witnesses, Section B).
Peace
Approved rendering: शांति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुकून
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Announced at Christ’s birth (2:14) and pronounced by Jesus over the sinful woman (7:50) and the Emmaus-road disciples (24:36); relational, not psychological, peace.
Church
Approved rendering: कलीसिया
Transliteration: kalīsiyā
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मंदिर, गिरजाघर
Original: ἐκκλησία (implicit; the gathered disciple-community)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit throughout Luke’s discipleship narrative and explicit in the ch. 24 commissioning; never मंदिर.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का राज्य
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर का राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s most pervasive theological term (4:43; 8:1,10; 9:2,60,62; 10:9,11; 11:20; 13:18-21; 17:20-21; 18:16-17; 19:11; 21:31; 22:16,18; 23:42). See kingdom_among_you and today (Section B) for passage-specific escalations within this term’s usage.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. In view at Luke’s Adam-reaching genealogy (3:38) and Simeon’s prophecy (2:32, ‘a light for revelation to the Gentiles’).
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: शफाअत
Original: ἔντευξις (implicit)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit in Jesus’ prayer for Peter (22:32) and his intercessory cry from the cross (23:34).
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāela
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Invoked in the Benedictus (1:68) and the Emmaus disciples’ hope of redemption (24:21).
Cross
Approved rendering: क्रूस
Transliteration: krūsa
Doctrine: Atonement
Rejected alternatives: सूली
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
Inherited from Romans package. The instrument of Christ’s death and the emblem of daily discipleship (9:23; 14:27; 23:26-33); see deny_self_take_up_cross_daily, Section B, for the mandatory ‘daily’ qualifier.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Mercy of God
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central to the Magnificat/Benedictus (1:50,54,58,72,78) and the Good Samaritan’s action (10:37); kept distinct from अनुग्रह (grace).
Baptism
Approved rendering: बपतिस्मा
Transliteration: bapatismā
Doctrine: Union with Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्नान, दीक्षा
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. John’s baptism of repentance and Jesus’ own baptism (3:3,21-22), at which the Spirit descends and the Father’s voice confirms Sonship.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: खतना
Transliteration: khatanā
Doctrine: Covenant
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Performed on both John (1:59) and Jesus (2:21).
Stumbling Stone
Approved rendering: ठोकर का पत्थर
Transliteration: ṭhokara kā patthara
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: λίθος… κεφαλὴ γωνίας
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Extended at 20:17-18 with कोने का सिरा पत्थर (cornerstone) for the Psalm 118:22 citation applied to Christ, rejected by the builders yet made the foundation.
Hypocrisy
Approved rendering: कपट
Transliteration: kapaṭa
Doctrine: Church
Original: ὑπόκρισις
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Jesus rebukes the Pharisees’ external ritual purity over internal justice (11:39-44; 12:1,56).
Zeal
Approved rendering: उत्साह
Transliteration: utsāha
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: जोश
Original: ζῆλος (implicit; cf. Simon the Zealot, 6:15)
Category: Discipleship
Inherited from Romans package. Present in Simon called ‘the Zealot’ among the Twelve (6:15).
Most High
Approved rendering: परमप्रधान
Transliteration: paramapradhāna
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: सर्वोच्च (generic, non-titular)
Original: ὕψιστος
Category: God
NEW term. Divine title expressing God’s supreme transcendence, used of Jesus’ Sonship (1:32) and of God generally (1:35,76; 6:35; 8:28). Established BSI divine title; keep distinct from a merely generic adjectival ‘highest.‘
Horn Of Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार का सींग
Transliteration: uddhāra kā sīṅga
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: κέρας σωτηρίας
Category: Covenant
NEW term. Hebraic idiom for God-given royal/military deliverance-strength, raised up in David’s house (1:69). Retains the established उद्धार root; requires an explanatory note on the unfamiliar Hebrew royal-power idiom.
Sign
Approved rendering: चिन्ह
Transliteration: cinha
Doctrine: Kingdom
Rejected alternatives: निशान (weaker, generic ‘mark’)
Original: σημεῖον
Category: Kingdom
NEW term. A divinely given confirming mark or wonder, from the infant in the manger (2:12) to end-times signs (11:29-30; 21:7,11,25). Must be used consistently across all occurrences so readers track the recurring motif.
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: चुंगी लेनेवाला
Transliteration: cuṅgī lenevālā
Doctrine: Poor and Marginalized
Original: τελώνης
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW term. A despised Roman-collaborator revenue official, called by Jesus (Levi, 5:27-32) and paradigmatically repentant (Zacchaeus, 19:1-10). Native speaker review recommended for the clearest modern equivalent; the theological point — deliberate table fellowship with a socially despised group — must be preserved regardless of exact lexical choice.
Neighbor
Approved rendering: पड़ोसी
Transliteration: paḍosī
Doctrine: Compassion
Rejected alternatives: अपने ही समुदाय का व्यक्ति (wrongly narrows scope)
Original: πλησίον
Category: Compassion
NEW term. Anyone encountered in need, deliberately expanded beyond ethnic/religious in-group boundaries in the Good Samaritan parable (10:27,29,36); must not be narrowed to same-caste/community sense.
The Harvest
Approved rendering: फसल
Transliteration: phasala
Doctrine: Kingdom
Original: ὁ θερισμός
Category: Kingdom
NEW term. The eschatological ingathering of people into the Kingdom, ready but requiring laborers (10:2). Must be kept distinct in teaching notes from the baseline Galatians sowing_and_reaping entry, which uses harvest imagery for individual moral accountability rather than corporate mission-urgency.
Narrow Door
Approved rendering: सकेत द्वार
Transliteration: saṅkata dvāra
Doctrine: Kingdom
Original: ἡ στενὴ θύρα
Category: Kingdom
NEW term. Urgent, effortful entry into the Kingdom, contrasted with presumed but false covenant-membership entitlement (13:24); ties to the universal-nations doctrine, since ‘many from east and west’ will enter (13:29).
Great Banquet
Approved rendering: बड़ी जेवनार / बड़ा भोज
Transliteration: baḍī jevanāra / baḍā bhoja
Doctrine: Poor and Marginalized
Original: δεῖπνον μέγα
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW term. The eschatological Kingdom feast to which the poor, crippled, blind, and lame are invited after the elite decline (14:15-24); enacts ‘Good News to the Poor and Marginalized’ and ‘Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship’ together.
Lost
Approved rendering: खोया हुआ
Transliteration: khoyā huā
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: नष्ट (too final/harsh)
Original: ἀπολωλός / ἀπόλλυμι
Category: Repentance
NEW term. A person estranged from God and in danger of ruin, yet actively sought by God, governing the three parables of ch. 15 (15:4,6,8-9,17,24,32; 19:10).
Joy Over Repentance
Approved rendering: आनन्द
Transliteration: ānanda
Doctrine: Repentance
Original: χαρά
Category: Repentance
NEW term. The celebratory response — God’s own joy — to a sinner’s repentance, the repeated refrain of ch. 15 (15:7,10,32) and the Gospel’s closing note (24:52). Must be kept as the personal, relational joy of a personal God over a specific repentant sinner, never conflated with the impersonal Vedantic bliss-state सत्-चित्-आनन्द.
Was Dead And Alive Again
Approved rendering: मरा हुआ था और जी उठा है
Transliteration: marā huā thā aura jī uṭhā hai
Doctrine: Repentance
Original: νεκρὸς ἦν καὶ ἀνέζησεν
Category: Repentance
NEW term. Figurative death/restoration through repentance and welcome (15:24,32) — NOT a resurrection claim. Mandatory note required distinguishing this figurative language from the literal, bodily, once-for-all TM पुनरुत्थान; the same verb root (जी उठना) is usable in both senses, so context must clearly signal which is intended.
Mammon
Approved rendering: धन
Transliteration: dhana
Doctrine: Discipleship
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Discipleship
NEW term. Wealth personified as a rival object of ultimate trust/service (16:9,11,13). Must not be presented as an actual named rival deity, which could suggest a parallel to Hindu wealth-deities such as Lakshmi or Kubera; मैमोन may be used as a transliteration option in exposition only.
Forgive Interpersonal
Approved rendering: क्षमा करना
Transliteration: kṣamā karanā
Doctrine: Repentance
Original: ἀφίημι
Category: Repentance
NEW term. Repeated, unconditional interpersonal forgiveness modeled on and required by receiving divine forgiveness (17:3-4). Root-consistent with पापों की क्षमा; note the shared Greek root with ἄφεσις for teaching purposes.
Not My Will But Yours
Approved rendering: मेरी नहीं परन्तु तेरी इच्छा हो
Transliteration: merī nahīṃ parantu terī icchā ho
Doctrine: Prayer
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य (FORBIDDEN), नियति (FORBIDDEN)
Original: μὴ τὸ θέλημά μου ἀλλὰ τὸ σόν
Category: Prayer
NEW term. Jesus’ Gethsemane submission of his own will to the Father’s personal, purposive will (22:42). इच्छा must remain the personal will of a personal Father, never fate/destiny.
Agony
Approved rendering: अत्यन्त व्याकुलता
Transliteration: atyanta vyākulatā
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Original: ἀγωνία
Category: Christology
NEW term. Intense emotional and spiritual distress under extreme pressure, grounding the full humanity of Christ’s suffering (22:44); must not be stylized into detached, stoic, or purely symbolic suffering.
Witnesses
Approved rendering: गवाह
Transliteration: gavāha
Doctrine: Mission
Original: μάρτυρες
Category: Church
NEW term. Those who testify, on the basis of firsthand experience, to the reality of the resurrection, commissioning the disciples (24:48); must be kept distinct from the later technical sense of ‘martyr.‘
Captives
Approved rendering: बंदी
Transliteration: bandī
Doctrine: Poor and Marginalized
Original: αἰχμάλωτος
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW term. Those bound, imprisoned, or held captive, recalling Israel’s exile and reapplied to spiritual bondage (4:18); kept literal, with the deeper spiritual-bondage sense drawn out contextually.
Recovery Of Sight
Approved rendering: दृष्टि पाना
Transliteration: dṝṣṭi pānā
Doctrine: Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: ज्ञान-प्राप्ति (wrongly suggests self-attained jñāna-enlightenment)
Original: ἀνάβλεψις
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW term. Literal restoration of physical sight, also a sign of deeper spiritual illumination (4:18; 7:21; 18:35-43). Must be kept concrete/physical primarily.
Oppressed Crushed
Approved rendering: कुचले हुए लोग
Transliteration: kucale hue loga
Doctrine: Poor and Marginalized
Original: θραύω (τεθραυσμένοι)
Category: Poor and Marginalized
NEW term. Those broken, crushed, or oppressed by systemic hardship, whom Jesus’ mission specifically targets for release (4:18). Has genuine positive resonance with contemporary Indian marginalization discourse; native speaker review recommended to calibrate register so the term reads as compassionate biblical description, not an imported political slogan.
Widow
Approved rendering: विधवा
Transliteration: vidhavā
Doctrine: Poor and Marginalized
NEW term. A paradigmatic figure of social and economic vulnerability, appearing throughout Luke (7:11-17, widow of Nain, raised by Jesus’ compassion; 18:1-8, the persistent widow; 20:47; 21:2-3, the widow’s mite). Low lexical risk but flagged Medium for cultural application: widowhood carries especially strong social stigma and marginalization in much traditional Hindu culture (restricted remarriage, social exclusion), offering a strong, positive point of cultural connection for ‘Good News to the Poor and Marginalized’ — highlight in teaching notes rather than softening the term itself.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: προφήτης
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah named explicitly at 4:17; Jesus popularly recognized as ‘a great prophet’ (7:16; 24:19).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल
Original: προφητεία
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package. Cited and fulfilled throughout Luke, especially 4:21; 18:31; 24:44.
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Dāūda
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs throughout the birth narrative and the blind beggar’s confession (18:38-39, see son_of_david, Section B).
Boasting
Approved rendering: घमण्ड
Transliteration: ghamaṇḍa
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Original: καυχάομαι (implicit; cf. Pharisee’s self-praise, 18:11-12)
Category: Discipleship
Inherited from Romans package. Implicitly rejected in the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector (18:11-12).
Hospitality
Approved rendering: अतिथि-सत्कार
Transliteration: atithi-satkāra
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: φιλοξενία (implicit; cf. 10:38-42; 19:1-10; 24:29)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Modeled by Martha and Mary, Zacchaeus, and the Emmaus household (10:38-42; 19:1-10; 24:29).
Doxology
Approved rendering: महिमा-गान
Transliteration: mahimā-gāna
Doctrine: Worship
Rejected alternatives: स्तुति
Original: δοξολογία (implicit; cf. 1:46-55,68-79; 2:14,20; 24:53)
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans package. Brackets Luke’s Gospel from the birth hymns (1:46-55,68-79; 2:14,20) to the closing verse (24:53).
By No Means
Approved rendering: कदापि नहीं
Transliteration: kadāpi nahīṃ
Doctrine: Rhetoric
Original: μὴ γένοιτο (implicit rhetorical negations)
Category: Rhetoric
Inherited from Romans package. Present in Luke’s dialogue style as a strong rhetorical negation pattern.
Amen
Approved rendering: आमीन
Transliteration: āmīna
Doctrine: Worship
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit in Luke’s closing doxological note (24:53).
Manger
Approved rendering: चरनी
Transliteration: caranī
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: पालना (generic ‘cradle,’ loses the lowliness)
Original: φάτνη
Category: Christology
NEW term. Animal feeding trough used as Jesus’ improvised cradle (2:7,12,16); signals the incarnation’s humble setting, supporting ‘Good News to the Poor and Marginalized.‘
House Of Prayer
Approved rendering: प्रार्थना का घर
Transliteration: prārthanā kā ghara
Doctrine: Prayer
Original: οἶκος προσευχῆς
Category: Prayer
NEW term. The Temple’s God-given purpose, contrasted with its corrupted commercial use (19:45-46); ties Temple purpose to the ‘Prayer and Dependence on God’ doctrine.