Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Isaiah (Hindi Destination Language Package)
This glossary registers every load-bearing theological term surveyed in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning Isaiah 1-66. Terms marked [TM] are reused exactly from the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json and must never be altered. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions for this curriculum and require formal registration in an updated translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 translation begins. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework (Critical/High/Medium/Low) and drive the same review-routing rules established in doctrine_risk_registry.json.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline [TM]
| Term (English) | Hebrew / Transliteration | Hindi (established) | Risk | Doctrine link | Key Isaiah refs | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | אֱלֹהִים Elohim | परमेश्वर | Critical | Holiness/Majesty; Sovereignty | throughout | Reused exactly. |
| Lord | אֲדֹנָי Adonai | प्रभु | Critical | Sovereignty; Messiah | 6:1,8; 61:1 | Reused exactly. |
| Holy | קָדוֹשׁ qadosh | पवित्र | High | Holiness and Majesty of God | 6:3; 35:8; 57:15 | Anchor term for Doctrine 1. |
| Holy Spirit | רוּחַ קֹדֶשׁ ruach qodesh | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | Holiness; Flesh vs Spirit | 63:10-11; 61:1 | Never ब्रह्म/परमात्मा. |
| Glory | כָּבוֹד kavod | महिमा | High | Holiness and Majesty | 6:3; 40:5; 60:1-2 | Avoid light-metaphor drift toward Hindu divine-radiance concepts. |
| Righteousness | צֶדֶק/צְדָקָה tsedeq/tsedaqah | धार्मिकता | Critical | Justification; Suffering Servant | 1:27; 32:1; 53:11; 64:6 | Never धर्म. |
| Justification (verb: justify) | צָדַק (Hiphil) yatsdiq | धर्मी ठहराया जाना / धर्मी ठहराना | Critical | Justification by Faith | 53:11 | Direct OT anchor of the NT doctrine; zero-deviation requirement. |
| Salvation | יְשׁוּעָה yeshu’ah | उद्धार | Critical | Salvation; Salvation to the Nations | 12:2-3; 25:9; 49:6; 52:7,10 | Never मुक्ति/मोक्ष. |
| Sin | חַטָּאָה/חֵטְא chatta’ah/chet | पाप | High | Idolatry and Injustice; Suffering Servant | 1:18; 53:6,12; 59:2 | Never अधर्म-only or ritual-impurity framing. |
| Covenant | בְּרִית berit | वाचा | High | Comfort/Restoration; Davidic hope | 24:5; 54:10; 55:3; 61:8 | Everlasting covenant = सनातन वाचा. |
| Messiah | מָשִׁיחַ mashiach (of Jesus, typologically) | मसीह | Critical | Coming Messiah | typological throughout | RESERVED for the definitive Anointed One; never for Cyrus (see cyrus_anointed below). |
| Redemption | גְּאֻלָּה ge’ullah / פדה padah | छुटकारा | High | Salvation; Restoration | 35:9-10; 51:11; 52:3 | Never मुक्ति/मोक्ष. |
| Remnant | שְׁאֵרִית she’erit | बचे हुए लोग | High | Election; Judgment/Restoration | 1:9; 6:13; 10:20-22; 11:11 | Grace-not-works basis explicit. |
| Election | בָּחַר bachar | परमेश्वर का चुनाव | High | Election; Servant Israel | 41:8-9; 44:1-2 | Never भाग्य/नियति/किस्मत. |
| Peace | שָׁלוֹם shalom | शांति | Medium/High | Suffering Servant; Comfort | 9:6; 26:3; 53:5; 57:19 | Relational/covenantal, never meditative calm. |
| Wrath of God | חֵמָה/אַף chemah/aph | परमेश्वर का क्रोध | High | Judgment on Idolatry/Injustice | 34:2; 51:17,20; 63:3-6 | Never बदला (personal revenge). |
| Mercy | חֶסֶד/רַחֲמִים chesed/rachamim | दया | Medium | Comfort and Restoration | 54:7-8; 63:7 | Distinct from अनुग्रह. |
| Worship | הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה hishtachavah | आराधना | High | Holiness; Salvation to Nations | 27:13; 66:23 | Never पूजा. |
| Nations / Gentiles | גּוֹיִם goyim | अन्यजाति | Medium | Salvation Extended to the Nations | 42:1,6; 49:6; 56:7; 60:3 | Established BSI term. |
| Kingdom of God (God’s reign) | מַלְכוּת malkut (conceptual) | परमेश्वर का राज्य | Medium | Sovereignty of God | 33:22; 52:7 | God’s reign, not political kingdom. |
| Sovereignty | (conceptual — “I am God, none else”) | परमेश्वर की संप्रभुता | High | Sovereignty over the Nations | 45:5-7; 46:9-10 | Never भाग्य/नियति. |
| Power of God | גְּבוּרָה/כֹּחַ gevurah/koach | परमेश्वर की सामर्थ्य | High | Sovereignty; Servant’s mission | 40:29-31; 63:1 | Never शक्ति. |
| Prophecy | נְבוּאָה nevu’ah (conceptual) | भविष्यवाणी | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 42:9; 48:3-6 | Distinct from भविष्यफल (astrology). |
| Prophet | נָבִיא navi | भविष्यद्वक्ता | Low | Inspiration of Scripture | throughout | Never ज्योतिषी. |
| Providence | (conceptual — “my word shall not return void”) | परमेश्वर का विधान | High | Sovereignty of God | 46:10-11; 55:11 | Never भाग्य/कर्म-नियम. |
| Restoration | שׁוּב shuv (return/restore) | बहाली | Medium | Comfort and Restoration | 49:5-6; 59:20; Rom. 11:26-27 link | Israel’s/Zion’s future restoration. |
| New Creation | (conceptual, בָּרָא bara) | नई सृष्टि | High | New Heavens and New Earth | 65:17; 66:22 | TM-consistent with Galatians baseline; never पुनर्जन्म/cyclical cosmos. |
| Resurrection | חָיָה chayah (“your dead shall live”) | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | Suffering Servant; New Heavens/Earth | 26:19; 53:10-11 (implied) | Never पुनर्जन्म. |
| Stumbling Stone | אֶבֶן נֶגֶף/מִכְשׁוֹל | ठोकर का पत्थर | High | Messianic Promise | 8:14 | Combined with 28:16 in Romans 9:33; consistency required. |
| Intercession | פָּגַע paga | मध्यस्थता | Medium/High | Suffering Servant; Prayer | 53:12; 59:16 | Servant’s/God’s own intercessory action. |
| Idolatry | עֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים / פְּסִילִים | मूर्तिपूजा | High | Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry | 2:8,20; 44:9-20; 57:5 | Handle pastorally; do not soften. |
| Creator | בּוֹרֵא bore/יוֹצֵר yotser | सृजनहार | High | Sovereignty; New Creation | 40:28; 43:1; 64:8 | Never ब्रह्मा. |
| Propitiation / Guilt Offering context | (see guilt_offering below) | प्रायश्चित्त | Critical | Suffering Servant / Atonement | 53:10 | Requires every-occurrence theologian review. |
| Mercy Seat (typological background) | (Exodus 25 background) | प्रायश्चित्त का ढकना | High | Atonement | (background to 53:10) | Same caution as baseline entry. |
| Fasting-related righteousness contrast | (see fasting [NEW] below) | — | — | — | 58:1-9 | See new-term entry; not a [TM] item itself. |
| Law | תּוֹרָה torah | व्यवस्था | High | Sovereignty; Judge/Lawgiver/King | 33:22; 51:4 | Never धर्म; reserved for Torah. |
| Boasting (self-righteousness contrast) | (conceptual) | घमण्ड | Low | Justification | 64:6 (implied contrast) | Reused where self-righteousness is repudiated. |
B. New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum [NEW]
| Term (English) | Hebrew / Transliteration | Hindi (proposed) | Risk | Doctrine link | Key Isaiah refs | Rationale / Rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| YHWH (divine covenant name) | יהוה YHWH | यहोवा | Critical | Holiness/Majesty; Sovereignty | throughout | Established Hindi OT Bible-tradition rendering (BSI OV) distinct from generic परमेश्वर [TM] and प्रभु [TM]; preserves the personal covenant-name register. Rejected: परमेश्वर alone (loses proper-name specificity), ईश्वर (broader Hindu usage). |
| Holy One of Israel | קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל qedosh Yisrael | इस्राएल का पवित्र (परमेश्वर) | High | Holiness and Majesty of God | 1:4; 5:19,24; 41:14,16,20; 43:3,14-15; 49:7; 54:5 | Extends baseline पवित्र [TM]; frequent Isaiah title requiring consistent compound rendering. |
| Seraphim | שְׂרָפִים seraphim | सराफीम | Medium | Holiness and Majesty of God | 6:2,6 | Transliteration; gloss on first use as a distinct angelic order, not a Hindu deva/celestial being. |
| Live coal (atonement enactment) | גֶּחֶלֶת gecheleth | अंगारा | Critical | Holiness; Atonement | 6:6-7 | Enacted-symbol cleansing; must connect to प्रायश्चित्त [TM] without implying self-performed ritual purification. |
| Unclean lips | טְמֵא־שְׂפָתַיִם temei-sefatayim | अशुद्ध ओंठ | High | Holiness and Majesty of God | 6:5 | Moral unworthiness before God’s holiness; distinguish from ritual/caste purity codes. |
| Commissioning formula (“Here am I, send me”) | הִנְנִי שְׁלָחֵנִי hineni shelacheni | मैं यहाँ हूँ, मुझे भेज | Medium | Prophetic calling | 6:8 | Connects to baseline called/calling [TM] family. |
| Judicial hardening | הַשְׁמֵן/הַכְבֵּד/הָשַׁע (imperatives) | मन को कठोर करना | High | Judgment on Idolatry/Injustice | 6:9-10; 29:9-10 | Judicial divine action against persistent unbelief; never impersonal karmic consequence. |
| Immanuel | עִמָּנוּ אֵל Immanu El | इम्मानुएल | Critical | Coming Messiah; Deity of Christ | 7:14; 8:8,10 | ”God with us”; ties baseline son_of_god [TM]/deity_of_christ Critical doctrines. |
| Virgin / young woman | עַלְמָה almah (LXX παρθένος parthenos) | कुँवारी | Critical | Coming Messiah | 7:14 | Established Hindi Christian rendering harmonized with Matthew 1:23; semantic-range nuance (almah ≠ technical “virgin” in all Hebrew usage) requires mandatory translator note without undermining virgin-birth doctrine. |
| Branch (tsemach) | צֶמַח יְהוָה tsemach YHWH | यहोवा की डाली | High | Coming Messiah | 4:2 | Distinct root from netzer (11:1); keep terminologically distinguishable via translator notes. |
| Branch (netzer) / Root of Jesse | נֵצֶר netzer / שֹׁרֶשׁ יִשַׁי shoresh Yishai | डाली/अंकुर — यिशै की जड़ | High | Coming Messiah; Davidic Covenant | 11:1,10 | Second distinct “branch” root; Messianic-Davidic hope. |
| Wonderful Counselor | פֶּלֶא יוֹעֵץ pele yo’etz | आश्चर्यमय मंत्री | High | Coming Messiah | 9:6 | One of the four royal-divine throne-titles. |
| Mighty God (title) | אֵל גִּבּוֹר el gibbor | पराक्रमी परमेश्वर | Critical | Deity of Christ | 9:6 | Explicit divine ascription to the promised child; must never soften to “godlike hero.” |
| Everlasting Father (title) | אֲבִי־עַד avi-ad | सनातन पिता | High | Coming Messiah | 9:6 | Title of eternal fatherly care; requires note distinguishing from the Trinitarian Person of the Father. |
| Prince of Peace (title) | שַׂר־שָׁלוֹם sar-shalom | शांति का राजकुमार | Medium | Coming Messiah | 9:6 | Ties baseline peace [TM]. |
| Day of the LORD | יוֹם יְהוָה yom YHWH | यहोवा का दिन | High | Judgment; Sovereignty over Nations | 2:12; 13:6,9; 34:8; 61:2; 63:4 | Personal God’s appointed reckoning; never cyclical cosmic-age turn. |
| Woe (oracle marker) | הוֹי hoy | हाय | Low/Medium | Judgment on Idolatry/Injustice | 5:8-23; 10:1; 28-33 passim; 45:9-10 | Standard prophetic judgment-oracle marker. |
| Vineyard (covenant metaphor) | כֶּרֶם kerem | दाख की बारी | Medium | Judgment; Restoration | 5:1-7; 27:2-6 | Covenant-unfaithfulness metaphor, reused positively at restoration (ch. 27). |
| Zion | צִיּוֹן Tsiyyon | सिय्योन | Medium | all doctrines (locale) | throughout | Transliteration, established. |
| Burden / oracle (genre marker) | מַשָּׂא massa | भारी वचन / भविष्यवाणी | Medium | Sovereignty over the Nations | 13:1; 15:1; 17:1; 19:1; 21:1,11,13; 22:1; 23:1 | Technical genre-introduction term for oracles against nations. |
| Day star, son of the dawn | הֵילֵל בֶּן־שָׁחַר helel ben-shachar | भोर का तारा / दिन का तारा | Medium/High | Sovereignty over the Nations | 14:12 | Primary referent: Babylonian king’s hubris; flag typological “Lucifer” reading for theologian review. |
| Everlasting covenant | בְּרִית עוֹלָם berit olam | सनातन वाचा | High | Comfort and Restoration | 24:5; 54:10; 55:3; 61:8 | Recurring formula; reuse वाचा [TM] + सनातन modifier consistently. |
| Swallow up death forever | בִּלַּע הַמָּוֶת lanetsach | मृत्यु को सदा के लिये निगल जाना | High | New Heavens and New Earth | 25:8 | Quoted 1 Corinthians 15:54; anticipates resurrection doctrine. |
| Dead shall live (resurrection hint) | יִחְיוּ מֵתֶיךָ | मरे हुए जी उठेंगे | Critical | Suffering Servant; New Heavens/Earth | 26:19 | Never पुनर्जन्म; TM-consistent with पुनरुत्थान [TM]. |
| Leviathan | לִוְיָתָן Livyatan | लिव्यातान | Medium | Sovereignty over the Nations | 27:1 | Mythological chaos-monster subdued by God; avoid Hindu serpent-deity conflation. |
| Cornerstone / tried stone | אֶבֶן פִּנָּה even pinnah | कोने का पत्थर | Critical | Coming Messiah | 28:16 | Combined with 8:14 in Romans 9:33/1 Peter 2:6-8; internal consistency required. |
| Day of vengeance | יוֹם נָקָם yom naqam | बदला लेने का दिन (परमेश्वर का न्याय) | High | Judgment on Idolatry/Injustice | 34:8; 61:2; 63:4 | Divine judicial vindication, not human revenge; note required. |
| Highway of Holiness | מְסִלָּה/מַסְלוּל | पवित्रता का राजमार्ग | High | Comfort and Restoration | 35:8 | Way reserved for the redeemed; moral-spiritual set-apartness, not literal road. |
| ”Comfort, comfort” | נַחֲמוּ nachamu | सांत्वना दो | Medium/High | Comfort and Restoration | 40:1 | Programmatic term opening chs. 40-66; God’s own initiative. |
| Shepherd metaphor | רֹעֶה ro’eh | चरवाहा | Medium | Comfort and Restoration | 40:11; 44:28 | Pastoral-care metaphor for God/Cyrus-as-instrument/Messiah. |
| Servant of the LORD (title) | עֶבֶד יהוה eved YHWH | यहोवा का सेवक / मेरा सेवक | Critical | Coming Messiah; Suffering Servant | 42:1; 49:3,5-6; 50:10; 52:13; 53:11 | Neutral, dignified सेवक (never भक्त — inverts devotional direction); consistent across all Servant Songs, corporate (Israel) and individual (Messiah) senses distinguished by translator note. |
| Bruised reed | קָנֶה רָצוּץ qaneh ratsuts | कुचली हुई नरकट | Medium/High | Suffering Servant | 42:3 | Quoted Matthew 12:20; gentleness of the Servant’s justice. |
| Light to the nations | לְאוֹר גּוֹיִם le’or goyim | जातियों के लिये ज्योति | High | Salvation Extended to the Nations | 42:6; 49:6 | Reuse अन्यजाति [TM]; ties universal-salvation doctrine. |
| Cyrus (proper name) | כֹּרֶשׁ Koresh | कुस्रू | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy; Sovereignty over Nations | 44:28; 45:1,13 | Prophecy-fulfillment data-point named over a century in advance. |
| Cyrus’s anointing (functional, non-Messianic) | מְשִׁיחוֹ meshicho | अभिषिक्त (कुस्रू) | Critical | Sovereignty over the Nations; Coming Messiah (contrastive) | 45:1 | MUST NOT use मसीह [TM] — reserved for the definitive Messiah; mandatory translator note distinguishing Cyrus’s functional task-anointing from the Messianic office. |
| Every knee shall bow | תִּכְרַע כָּל־בֶּרֶךְ | हर एक घुटना झुकेगा | Critical | Sovereignty of God over the Nations | 45:23 | Quoted Romans 14:11, Philippians 2:10-11; universal claim must remain unqualified. |
| Sorcery/astrology polemic | כַּשְׂדִּים הֹבְרֵי שָׁמַיִם | ज्योतिषी / तांत्रिक | High | Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry | 47:9,12-13 | Live occult/astrological practice in Indian context; handle pastorally, retain polemic. |
| Former things / new things | הָרִאשׁנוֹת / חֲדָשׁוֹת | पिछली बातें / नई बातें | Medium/High | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 42:9; 43:18-19; 48:3-6 | Prophecy-fulfillment vocabulary. |
| Cup of the LORD’s wrath | כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ kos chamato | क्रोध का कटोरा | High | Judgment on Idolatry/Injustice | 51:17,22 | Reuse परमेश्वर का क्रोध [TM] framework; links to Gethsemane (Matthew 26:39). |
| Guilt offering | אָשָׁם asham | पापबलि | Critical | Suffering Servant; Atonement | 53:10 | God-provided offering, direction reversed from typical worshipper-originated ritual offering; every-occurrence theologian review. |
| Bore our griefs / substitution verb | נָשָׂא nasa | उठा लिया / भार उठाया | Critical | Suffering Servant | 53:4,11,12 | Core substitution verb; must convey bearing another’s burden, not sympathy. |
| Pierced/wounded for transgressions | מְחֹלָל מִפְּשָׁעֵנוּ mecholal mipesha’enu | अपराधों के लिये घायल किया गया | Critical | Suffering Servant | 53:5 | Physical, fatal, substitutionary wounding; retain violence and “for” causality. |
| Chastisement for our peace | מוּסַר שְׁלוֹמֵנוּ musar shelomeinu | हमारी शान्ति के लिये ताड़ना | Critical | Suffering Servant | 53:5 | Causal link (his punishment → our peace) must not be lost; ties शांति [TM]. |
| Like a lamb to the slaughter | כַּשֶּׂה לַטֶּבַח kaseh latevach | मेम्ने के समान वध के लिये | Critical | Suffering Servant | 53:7 | Sacrificial-lamb imagery; distinguish from बलि/यज्ञ worshipper-offered ritual per baseline caution. |
| Cut off from the land of the living | נִגְזַר מֵאֶרֶץ חַיִּים | जीवितों की भूमि से काट डाला गया | Critical | Suffering Servant; Resurrection | 53:8 | Must denote real death — precondition for real resurrection. |
| ”The LORD was pleased to crush him” | חָפֵץ chafetz | यहोवा को भाना | Critical | Suffering Servant; Providence | 53:10 | Sovereign purposive will, not capricious cruelty nor mere passive permission; note mandatory. |
| Divine agency in laying guilt upon him | הִפְגִּיעַ hifgia | परमेश्वर ने उस पर लाद दिया | Critical | Suffering Servant | 53:6 | God the Father as explicit grammatical/theological agent of the transfer. |
| Poured out his soul unto death | הֶעֱרָה לַמָּוֶת נַפְשׁוֹ | अपना प्राण मरने के लिये उंडेल दिया | Critical | Suffering Servant | 53:12 | Voluntary self-giving; consistent with baseline gave_himself_for_me [TM] force. |
| Fasting (true vs. empty) | צוֹם tsom | उपवास | Medium | Judgment on Idolatry and Injustice | 58:3-6 | Not a merit-earning ritual; justice-linked, consistent with grace/works antithesis. |
| Sabbath | שַׁבָּת shabbat | शब्बत / विश्राम-दिन | Medium | Comfort and Restoration | 56:2,4,6; 58:13 | Covenant-sign observance; distinct from व्यवस्था [TM] (reserved for Torah-as-law-code). |
| Foreigners and eunuchs included | בֶּן־הַנֵּכָר / סָרִיס | परदेशी और खोजा भी सम्मिलित | High | Salvation Extended to the Nations | 56:3-7 | Reversal of exclusionary purity codes; render with full inclusive force. |
| Come to the waters (universal invitation) | הוֹי כָּל־צָמֵא לְכוּ לַמַּיִם | हर एक जो प्यासा हो, जल के पास आए | Medium/High | Salvation Extended to the Nations | 55:1 | Universal invitation imagery, echoed Revelation 22:17. |
| My word shall not return void | דְּבָרִי… לֹא־יָשׁוּב | मेरा वचन व्यर्थ नहीं लौटेगा | High | Sovereignty of God; Providence | 55:11 | Effectual, sovereign word doctrine. |
| New name | שֵׁם חָדָש shem chadash | नया नाम | Medium/High | Comfort and Restoration | 62:2 | Identity-transformation imagery. |
| Potter and clay | יוֹצְרֵנוּ yotserenu | कुम्हार और मिट्टी | High | Sovereignty of God | 64:8 | Personal Creator’s purposive care, not impersonal fatalistic shaping. |
| All our righteousness like a filthy garment | כְּבֶגֶד עִדִּים | हमारी सारी धार्मिकता मैले वस्त्र के समान | Critical | Justification | 64:6 | Total repudiation of human self-righteousness; OT anchor for grace-apart-from-works. |
| New heavens and new earth | שָׁמַיִם חֲדָשִׁים וָאֶרֶץ חֲדָשָׁה | नया आकाश और नयी पृथ्वी | Critical | New Heavens and New Earth | 65:17; 66:22 | TM-consistent with baseline नई सृष्टि [TM]; never cyclical kalpa/pralaya-style cosmology. |
| All flesh shall worship | כָּל־בָּשָׂר יִשְׁתַּחֲוּוּ | सब प्राणी दण्डवत करेंगे | High | Salvation Extended to Nations; New Heavens/Earth | 66:23 | Universal eschatological worship; reuse आराधना [TM]. |
C. Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2 Enforcement
- Servant title consistency: सेवक (as the title-form of “Servant of the LORD”) must be rendered identically at every Servant Song occurrence (42:1; 49:3,5-6; 50:10; 52:13; 53:11) and distinguished by translator note from the corporate “Israel my servant” sense (41:8-9; 44:1-2,21; 45:4).
- मसीह [TM] exclusivity: मसीह must never be applied to Cyrus (45:1) — use अभिषिक्त with mandatory note. This is this glossary’s single most delicate term-boundary decision.
- धर्मी ठहराना / justification chain: Isaiah 53:11’s यह्ताज़्दिक must be lexically traceable to the baseline’s धर्मी ठहराया जाना [TM] compound phrase used throughout the Romans/Galatians package — this is the OT-NT doctrinal bridge-verse for the entire curriculum set.
- नई सृष्टि / new heavens and new earth: Isaiah 65:17 and 66:22 must use vocabulary fully consistent with the baseline Galatians नई सृष्टि [TM] entry, reinforcing (not duplicating with divergent wording) the same doctrine across Testaments.
- पुनरुत्थान consistency: Isaiah 26:19’s resurrection hint must use वocabulary compatible with, though not identical in verb form to, the baseline पुनरुत्थान [TM] noun — never पुनर्जन्म under any circumstance.
- यहोवा [NEW] vs. परमेश्वर [TM] vs. प्रभु [TM]: all three terms will co-occur heavily in Isaiah; translators must follow the established BSI OV convention of यहोवा for the covenant name YHWH specifically, reserving परमेश्वर/प्रभु for their existing baseline senses.
- Two “branch” roots: tsemach (4:2) and netzer (11:1) are lexically distinct Hebrew roots; Hindi may render both with डाली-family vocabulary but translator notes must flag the distinct roots for any downstream harmonization with Jeremiah’s “righteous Branch” (tsemach tzadik) in a future curriculum.
This glossary extends, and does not contradict, the baseline translation_memory.json (v3) and bible_term_registry.json. All [NEW] entries require formal versioned registration before Phase 2 segment translation of Isaiah begins.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvara
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Holiness and Majesty of God
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर, भगवान
Original: אֱלֹהִים
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. परमेश्वर (Supreme Lord) is the BSI OV standard; भगवान has broad Hindu deity usage — avoid. Isaiah relevance: used throughout the book alongside यहोवा [NEW] and प्रभु [TM]; keep the three terms functionally distinct per 08_core_glossary.md §C.6.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: Prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Sovereignty
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
Original: אֲדֹנָי
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Must convey exclusive, supreme Lordship. Isaiah relevance: Isaiah 6:1,8; 61:1 (Adonai); reserved for its baseline sense, distinct from यहोवा [NEW] and परमेश्वर [TM].
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification / Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा, देव-आत्मा
Original: רוּחַ קֹדֶשׁ / רוּחַ יְהוָה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 11:2; 42:1; 61:1; 63:10-11 (the Spirit can be grieved — a personal-Person data point). Never ब्रह्म/परमात्मा.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Justification by Faith (OT Anchor)
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, न्याय
Original: צֶדֶק / צְדָקָה
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 1:27; 32:1; 53:11; 64:6. Never धर्म. Keep lexically distinct from मिश्पात/न्याय (social justice).
Justification
Approved rendering: धर्मी ठहराया जाना
Transliteration: dharmī ṭaharāyā jānā
Doctrine: Justification by Faith (OT Anchor)
Rejected alternatives: माफी पाना, पुण्य प्राप्त करना
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: the compound phrase must be lexically traceable from Isaiah 53:11’s active-voice adaptation (धर्मी ठहराएगा, see justify_the_many). Zero-deviation requirement — the single most important OT-NT lexical bridge in this curriculum.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhāra
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Original: יְשׁוּעָה
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 12:2-3; 25:9; 49:6; 52:7,10. NEVER मुक्ति/मोक्ष.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: Masīha
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त व्यक्ति, देव-दूत
Original: מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: RESERVED exclusively for the definitive Anointed One; must NEVER be applied to Cyrus (45:1) — see cyrus_anointed.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruttāna
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: חָיָה
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: must be lexically compatible with dead_shall_live [NEW] (26:19) and the Servant’s implied post-death vindication (53:10-11). NEVER पुनर्जन्म.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: प्रायश्चित्त
Transliteration: prāyaścitta
Doctrine: The Guilt Offering and the Logic of Substitution
Rejected alternatives: तुष्टीकरण
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: background doctrine for guilt_offering [NEW] (53:10). Every occurrence requires theologian review; the direction of the offering is God-to-sinner, never sinner-to-God.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का पुत्र
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā putra
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर का अंश, देव-पुरुष
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: theological anchor underlying mighty_god_title [NEW] (9:6) and immanuel [NEW] (7:14); must never be softened to a merely honorary or metaphorical sonship.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇa
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, देह प्रकटीकरण
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: governs how 7:14, 9:6, and 53’s Servant Christology must be read — a permanent, unique divine self-giving, never a repeatable avatar-style descent-and-withdrawal. NEVER अवतार.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: everlasting_father_title [NEW] (9:6, अबी-अद) requires a mandatory note distinguishing the Messianic child’s title of eternal fatherly care from this distinct Trinitarian Person.
Atonement Curse Bearing
Approved rendering: मसीह ने हमारे लिये श्रापित बनकर हमें व्यवस्था के श्राप से छुड़ाया
Transliteration: Masīha ne hamāre liye śrāpita banakara hameṃ vyavasthā ke śrāpa se chuṛāyā
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Inherited from Romans package (Galatians coinage). Isaiah relevance: 53:4’s נָשָׂא (‘bore’) is explicitly cited in 07_semantic_analysis.md as this entry’s OT root text; the same caution against transferable-ritual-curse readings applies.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित धार्मिकता
Transliteration: āropita dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Justification by Faith (OT Anchor)
Rejected alternatives: अर्जित धार्मिकता
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: the necessary positive counterpart to filthy_garment_righteousness [NEW] (64:6) — credited, not earned, righteousness.
Trinity
Approved rendering: त्रिएकता
Transliteration: trieakatā
Doctrine: Holiness and Majesty of God
Rejected alternatives: त्रिमूर्ति
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 63:10-11’s grieved Holy Spirit is a significant Person-of-the-Trinity data point; NEVER त्रिमूर्ति (Hindu triad).
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Coming Messiah / Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: ईसा, ईशू
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: used in teaching/curriculum material discussing NT fulfillment of Isaiah 7:14, 9:6, 53, and 61:1 (quoted by Jesus in Luke 4:18-19); not present in the Hebrew text itself but essential to accompanying doctrinal material.
Yhwh
Approved rendering: यहोवा
Transliteration: YHWH
Doctrine: The Divine Name and Exclusive Lordship
Rejected alternatives: परमेश्वर अकेले (loses proper-name specificity), ईश्वर
Original: יהוה
Category: God
The personal covenant name of God, rendered per established BSI OV Hindi OT tradition, kept distinct from परमेश्वर [TM] and प्रभु [TM]. Anchors Isaiah’s repeated ‘I am YHWH, none else’ polemic against Babylon’s named pantheon (Bel, Nebo). Never a Hindu deity proper name. NOTE: unlike the baseline’s caution against JW यहोवा-substitution in NT Christological contexts, यहोवा here is the correct and required OT covenant name — this distinction must be preserved in any teaching material.
Live Coal
Approved rendering: अंगारा
Transliteration: gecheleth
Doctrine: Holiness and Majesty of God
Original: גֶּחֶלֶת
Category: Worship
6:6-7. An enacted-symbol atonement scene originating from the altar/God’s own initiative and applied TO the prophet; must never imply self-performed ritual purification. Connect to प्रायश्चित्त [TM] and पाप [TM].
Immanuel
Approved rendering: इम्मानुएल
Transliteration: Immanu El
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Original: עִמָּנוּ אֵל
Category: Christology
7:14; 8:8,10. ‘God with us,’ quoted Matthew 1:23. Transliterate with a gloss; must not be softened to a merely symbolic/honorific name divorced from an actual divine-presence claim.
Virgin
Approved rendering: कुँवारी
Transliteration: almah (LXX parthenos)
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Original: עַלְמָה (LXX παρθένος)
Category: Christology
7:14. Established Hindi Christian rendering harmonized with Matthew 1:23. Mandatory translator note: Hebrew almah denotes a young woman of marriageable age without itself specifying virginity as unambiguously as bethulah would; the LXX/NT reception requires this rendering. Theologian review every occurrence.
Mighty God Title
Approved rendering: पराक्रमी परमेश्वर
Transliteration: el gibbor
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: वीर पुरुष / महान योद्धा (mighty warrior/hero — strips the deity claim)
Original: אֵל גִּבּוֹר
Category: Christology
9:6. Explicit divine ascription to the promised human child. Must never soften to ‘godlike hero’ — India’s heroic-warrior-deity imagery (Hanuman, Rama-as-avatar) makes this softening unusually attractive and unusually damaging.
Dead Shall Live
Approved rendering: मरे हुए जी उठेंगे
Transliteration: yichyu meteicha
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: יִחְיוּ מֵתֶיךָ
Category: Salvation
26:19. The OT’s clearest bodily-resurrection hint. Must use vocabulary compatible with पुनरुत्थान [TM]; NEVER पुनर्जन्म under any circumstance.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: कोने का पत्थर
Transliteration: even pinnah
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Original: אֶבֶן פִּנָּה
Category: Christology
28:16. Combined with stumbling_stone [TM] (8:14) in Romans 9:33/1 Peter 2:6-8; both Isaiah texts must be kept internally consistent so the composite NT quotation is coherent. Theologian review mandatory.
Servant Of The Lord
Approved rendering: सेवक
Transliteration: eved YHWH
Doctrine: Coming Messiah / Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: भक्त (devotee — inverts the passage’s God-to-human direction), दास अकेले (reserved by the baseline for the bondage/slavery register)
Original: עֶבֶד יהוה
Category: Christology
The technical title of the Servant Songs (42:1; 49:3,5-6; 50:10; 52:13; 53:11), applied both corporately to Israel (41:8-9; 44:1-2,21) and individually to the Messiah. Must render identically at every occurrence, with a translator note distinguishing corporate/individual referent at first appearance in each document.
Cyrus Anointed
Approved rendering: अभिषिक्त (कुस्रू)
Transliteration: meshicho
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over the Nations / Coming Messiah (contrastive)
Rejected alternatives: मसीह (कभी नहीं — reserved for the definitive Messiah)
Original: מְשִׁיחוֹ
Category: Christology
45:1. The single most doctrinally delicate term-collision in the book: the underlying mashiach root is identical to मसीह [TM], yet here designates a pagan king’s functional task-anointing. MUST NOT use मसीह. Mandatory translator note on every occurrence; theologian review required.
Every Knee Shall Bow
Approved rendering: हर एक घुटना झुकेगा, हर एक जीभ शपथ खाएगी
Transliteration: tikhra kol berekh
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: अनेक घुटने झुकेंगे-शैली नरम कथन (softened ‘many will bow’)
Original: תִּכְרַע כָּל־בֶּרֶךְ
Category: God
45:23. Quoted Romans 14:11; Philippians 2:10-11. Unqualified universal divine sovereignty claim; must remain fully unqualified across both Isaiah and NT curricula for cross-consistency.
Guilt Offering
Approved rendering: पापबलि
Transliteration: ‘asham
Doctrine: The Guilt Offering and the Logic of Substitution
Rejected alternatives: worshipper-originated बलि/यज्ञ framing
Original: אָשָׁם
Category: Salvation
53:10. Provided BY God through the Servant, not performed BY the sinner to appease God — the reverse of typical Indian ritual-offering logic. Mandatory theologian review, cross-referenced with प्रायश्चित्त/प्रायश्चित्त का ढकना [TM].
Bore Our Griefs
Approved rendering: उठा लिया / भार उठाया
Transliteration: nasa
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: सहानुभूति/साथ देना-शैली नरम अनुवाद (mere sympathy/accompaniment)
Original: נָשָׂא
Category: Christology
53:4,11,12. The core substitution verb; must convey bearing another’s burden in one’s own person, never mere accompaniment. Theologian review mandatory; consistency required across all occurrences.
Pierced For Our Transgressions
Approved rendering: अपराधों के लिये घायल किया गया
Transliteration: mecholal mipesha’enu
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: सामान्य ‘दुखी होना’-शैली नरम अनुवाद
Original: מְחֹלָל מִפְּשָׁעֵנוּ
Category: Christology
53:5. Fatal, violent, substitutionary wounding; retain physical violence and the ‘for’ (के लिये) causality. Resonant with John 19:34,37; 1 Peter 2:24.
Chastisement For Our Peace
Approved rendering: हमारी शान्ति के लिये ताड़ना
Transliteration: musar shelomeinu
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Original: מוּסַר שְׁלוֹמֵנוּ
Category: Christology
53:5. The causal chain (his punishment secures our peace) must be explicit within the same clause and lexically tied to शांति [TM].
Like A Lamb To The Slaughter
Approved rendering: मेम्ने के समान जो वध होने को जाता है
Transliteration: kasseh latevach
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: बलि/यज्ञ-शैली उपासक-प्रस्तुत भेंट (worshipper-offered ritual framing)
Original: כַּשֶּׂה לַטֶּבַח
Category: Christology
53:7. Quoted Acts 8:32; fulfilled John 1:29. The sacrificial lamb IS the one bearing others’ guilt at God’s own initiative — direction reversed from typical ritual offering. Theologian review mandatory.
Cut Off From The Land Of The Living
Approved rendering: जीवितों की भूमि से काट डाला गया
Transliteration: nigzar me’erets chayim
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement / Resurrection Hope
Rejected alternatives: ‘केवल कष्ट सहा पर बचा रहा’ जैसी अलंकारिक व्याख्या
Original: נִגְזַר מֵאֶרֶץ חַיִּים
Category: Christology
53:8. Must clearly denote actual death — the necessary precondition for a real resurrection (see resurrection [TM]/dead_shall_live).
Lord Was Pleased To Crush Him
Approved rendering: यहोवा को भाना
Transliteration: ve’YHWH chafetz dako
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: क्रूर आनन्द-शैली अनुवाद (capricious cruelty), निष्क्रिय अनुमति-शैली अनुवाद (mere passive permission)
Original: וַיהוָה חָפֵץ דַּכְּאוֹ
Category: Christology
53:10. Mandatory translator note: God’s sovereign purposive will accomplishing redemption, not delight in suffering as such and not mere passive permission. Ties to परमेश्वर का विधान [TM] and the wrath_of_god caution against बदला imagery.
Divine Agency Laying Guilt
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर ने उस पर लाद दिया
Transliteration: hifgia
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: कर्ता-रहित/निष्क्रिय वाक्य-रचना (agency-obscuring passive construction)
Original: הִפְגִּיעַ
Category: Christology
53:6. Must keep यहोवा/परमेश्वर explicitly as grammatical subject; obscuring divine agency would blur the doctrine that the Father himself ordained and executed the substitution.
Poured Out His Soul
Approved rendering: अपना प्राण मरने के लिये उंडेल दिया
Transliteration: he’erah lammavet nafsho
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Original: הֶעֱרָה לַמָּוֶת נַפְשׁוֹ
Category: Christology
53:12. Voluntary self-giving unto death; consistent in force with gave_himself_for_me [TM] — must retain both the Servant’s own willingness and the substitutionary ‘for many’ direction.
Justify The Many
Approved rendering: धर्मी ठहराएगा
Transliteration: yatsdiq
Doctrine: Justification by Faith (OT Anchor)
Original: יַצְדִּיק
Category: Salvation
53:11. Uses the exact baseline compound justification [TM] (धर्मी ठहराया जाना) with zero deviation, adapted to active voice. The single most important lexical bridge between Isaiah and the entire Romans/Galatians justification doctrine. Theologian review mandatory.
Filthy Garment Righteousness
Approved rendering: हमारी सारी धार्मिकता मैले वस्त्र के समान
Transliteration: kebeged ‘iddim
Doctrine: Justification by Faith (OT Anchor)
Rejected alternatives: ‘अपूर्ण’ धार्मिकता-शैली नरम अनुवाद (merely ‘imperfect’ righteousness)
Original: כְּבֶגֶד עִדִּים
Category: Salvation
64:6. Total repudiation of human self-righteousness; the necessary OT anchor for grace-apart-from-works, complementing justify_the_many. Must not be softened to mere imperfection — the image is total disqualification.
New Heavens And New Earth
Approved rendering: नया आकाश और नयी पृथ्वी
Transliteration: shamayim chadashim va’erets chadashah
Doctrine: The New Heavens and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: कल्प/प्रलय-सुसंगत चक्रीय वाक्यांश (kalpa/pralaya-compatible cyclical phrasing)
Original: שָׁמַיִם חֲדָשִׁים וָאֶרֶץ חֲדָשָׁה
Category: Eschatology
65:17; 66:22. TM-consistent with नई सृष्टि [TM]. Must never drift toward cyclical-cosmos vocabulary; 66:22’s ‘shall remain before me’ asserts unambiguous, non-repeatable permanence. Theologian review mandatory.
I Am He
Approved rendering: मैं ही परमेश्वर हूँ और कोई दूसरा नहीं
Transliteration: ani hu / ani El ve’ein od
Doctrine: The Divine Name and Exclusive Lordship
Rejected alternatives: एक देवता के अनेक वैध दावों में से एक-शैली सापेक्षवादी अनुवाद (relativized ‘one deity’s claim among many’)
Original: אֲנִי הוּא / אֲנִי אֵל וְאֵין עוֹד
Category: God
41:4; 43:10-13; 44:6; 45:5-6; 46:9. Isaiah’s strongest monotheistic exclusivity claim, echoed of Christ in Revelation 1:17. Must remain unqualified against India’s pluralist environment.
Man Of Sorrows
Approved rendering: दुखों का पुरुष
Transliteration: ‘ish mak’ovot vidua choli
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: कर्म-दुख-कारण-शैली व्याख्या (karma-suffering explanatory frame)
Original: אִישׁ מַכְאֹבוֹת וִידוּעַ חֹלִי
Category: Christology
53:3. Must never be explained through a karma-suffering frame (‘what did he do to deserve this?’); the chapter’s force is suffering FOR others, not FROM the sufferer’s own moral debt. Mandatory theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification / Holiness and Majesty of God
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: the triple पवित्र, पवित्र, पवित्र of 6:3 is the book’s highest-register holiness statement; must convey moral-relational transcendence-plus-nearness (cf. 57:15), never mere ritual/caste purity.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Holiness and Majesty of God
Rejected alternatives: देव-ज्योति, प्रकाश
Original: כָּבוֹד
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 6:3; 40:5; 60:1-2. Must remain tied to God’s own self-revealing honor, never a devotee’s attained दर्शन/तेज.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Sinfulness
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: חַטָּאָה / חֵטְא
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 1:18; 53:6,12; 59:2. 59:2’s separation-from-God logic requires a relational, moral category, never a karmic residue.
Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: Everlasting Covenant
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, समझौता
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 24:5; 54:10; 55:3; 61:8 (everlasting_covenant [NEW] adds सनातन modifier). Relational bond, never a negotiated contract.
Redemption
Approved rendering: छुटकारा
Transliteration: chuṭakārā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष
Original: גְּאֻלָּה / פדה
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 35:9-10; 51:11; 52:3. Never मुक्ति/मोक्ष.
Remnant
Approved rendering: बचे हुए लोग
Transliteration: bace hue loga
Doctrine: Election and the Preserved Remnant
Original: שְׁאֵרִית
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 1:9; 6:13; 10:20-22; 11:11; 37:31-32. Grace-not-works basis explicit.
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का चुनाव
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā cunāva
Doctrine: Election and the Preserved Remnant
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, नियति, किस्मत
Original: בָּחַר
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 41:8-9; 44:1-2 (Israel/Servant chosen). Never भाग्य/नियति/किस्मत.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का क्रोध
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā krodha
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Righteous Vengeance
Rejected alternatives: बदला
Original: חֵמָה / אַף
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 34:2; 51:17,20; 63:3-6. Never बदला (personal revenge) — judicial vindication by the personal covenant God.
Worship
Approved rendering: आराधना
Transliteration: ārādhanā
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: पूजा
Original: הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 27:13; 66:23 (all_flesh_shall_worship [NEW]). Never पूजा.
Sovereignty
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर की संप्रभुता
Transliteration: Parameśvara kī samprabhutā
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, नियति
Original: (conceptual: ‘I am God, and there is no other’)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 45:5-7; 46:9-10; the Cyrus prophecy argument (44:28; 45:1) depends on this being personal, not impersonal fate.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर की सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: Parameśvara kī sāmarthya
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति, ताकत
Original: גְּבוּרָה / כֹּחַ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 40:29-31; 63:1; underlies the anthropomorphic ‘arm of the LORD’ imagery (see arm_of_the_lord [NEW]). Never शक्ति.
Providence
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का विधान
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā vidhāna
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, कर्म का नियम
Original: (conceptual: ‘my word shall not return to me void’)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 46:10-11; 55:11 (‘my word shall not return void’, see word_shall_not_return_void [NEW]). Never भाग्य/कर्म का नियम.
New Creation
Approved rendering: नई सृष्टि
Transliteration: naī sṛṣṭi
Doctrine: The New Heavens and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: (conceptual: בָּרָא bara)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (Galatians 6:15 coinage). Isaiah relevance: conceptually adjacent to, but complementary with, new_heavens_and_new_earth [NEW] (65:17; 66:22) — the Galatians entry is individual-believer scale, Isaiah’s is cosmic scale; both must use consistent non-cyclical vocabulary. Never पुनर्जन्म.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: मूर्तिपूजा
Transliteration: mūrtipūjā
Doctrine: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
Original: עֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים / פְּסִילִים
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 2:8,20; 44:9-20 (the book’s most extensive idol-manufacture polemic); 57:5. Handle pastorally; do not soften.
Creator
Approved rendering: सृजनहार
Transliteration: sṛjanahāra
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा
Original: בּוֹרֵא / יוֹצֵר
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 40:28; 43:1; 64:8 (potter_and_clay [NEW]). Never ब्रह्मा.
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: प्रायश्चित्त का ढकना
Transliteration: prāyaścitta kā ḍhakanā
Doctrine: The Guilt Offering and the Logic of Substitution
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: typological background to Isaiah 53:10’s guilt-offering vocabulary; same caution as the propitiation entry.
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavasthā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, शरीयत, नियम
Original: תּוֹרָה
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 33:22 (‘the LORD is our Judge, Lawgiver, King’); 51:4. Never धर्म; reserved strictly for Torah, never Sabbath (see sabbath [NEW]).
Seed Of Abraham
Approved rendering: वंश
Transliteration: vaṃśa
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Inherited from Romans package (Galatians coinage). Isaiah relevance: reused for זֶרַע (zera) at Isaiah 53:10 — the Servant’s post-death posterity/spiritual offspring — per 08_core_glossary.md’s cross-reference note.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊद के वंश से
Transliteration: Dāūda ke vaṃśa se
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: background pattern for Isaiah’s Davidic-Messianic material (11:1,10 root of Jesse; 9:6-7 throne).
Gave Himself For Me
Approved rendering: जिसने मुझसे प्रेम किया और मेरे लिये अपने आप को दे दिया
Transliteration: jisane mujhase prema kiyā aura mere liye apane āpa ko de diyā
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: बलि, यज्ञ
Inherited from Romans package (Galatians coinage). Isaiah relevance: force-referenced by poured_out_his_soul [NEW] (53:12) — voluntary, substitutionary self-giving, direction God-to-sinner, never worshipper-to-deity ritual-offering vocabulary.
Living Sacrifice
Approved rendering: जीवित बलिदान
Transliteration: jīvita balidāna
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: बलि, यज्ञ
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: cross-referenced caution for like_a_lamb_to_the_slaughter [NEW] (53:7) — distinguish from बलि/यज्ञ ritual-offering vocabulary.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, आस्था, भरोसा
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 53:11’s בְּדַעְתּוֹ (‘by his knowledge’) aligns with this entry’s insistence that the object of trust be a specific person, not gnostic ज्ञान.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: The Guilt Offering and the Logic of Substitution
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, वरदान, भाग्य, कर्म-फल, पुण्य
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: the guilt-offering’s God-initiated, unmerited direction (53:10) is conceptually grace-shaped; कृपा remains reserved for non-grace contexts (e.g. mercy/kindness) per the baseline fence.
Predestination
Approved rendering: पहले से ठहराया जाना
Transliteration: pahale se ṭhaharāyā jānā
Doctrine: Election and the Preserved Remnant
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, नियति, किस्मत
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 49:1,5 (‘called from the womb, named before birth’) — divine foreordination of the Servant’s identity.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: पहले से जानना
Transliteration: pahale se jānanā
Doctrine: Election and the Preserved Remnant
Rejected alternatives: भविष्य देखना
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: parallels 49:1,5’s pre-birth naming/calling of the Servant.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास की आज्ञाकारिता
Transliteration: viśvāsa kī ājñākāritā
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: धार्मिक नियम पालन, धार्मिक कर्तव्य
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 50’s Third Servant Song describes the obedient Servant who does not rebel — reuse this vocabulary family.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: मेल-मिलाप
Transliteration: mela-milāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Sinfulness
Rejected alternatives: समझौता
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 59:2 (‘your sins have separated you from your God’) is the foundational OT statement behind this NT doctrine.
Holy One Of Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल का पवित्र (परमेश्वर)
Transliteration: qedosh Yisrael
Doctrine: Holiness and Majesty of God
Original: קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: God
A recurring Isaiah title (1:4; 5:19,24; 41:14,16,20; 43:3,14-15; 49:7; 54:5). Frequency demands one fixed rendering across the whole book.
Unclean Lips
Approved rendering: अशुद्ध ओंठ
Transliteration: temei-sefatayim
Doctrine: Holiness and Majesty of God
Rejected alternatives: अशुद्धता (ritual/caste-purity framing)
Original: טְמֵא־שְׂפָתַיִם
Category: Sin
6:5. Moral unworthiness before a holy, personal God, distinguished from ritual or caste impurity codes; resolved by God’s own initiative (6:6-7), not self-effort.
Judicial Hardening
Approved rendering: मन को कठोर करना
Transliteration: hashmen / hakhbed / hasha
Doctrine: Divine Judicial Hardening in Response to Unbelief
Rejected alternatives: कर्म-आधारित स्वचालित परिणाम (automatic karmic-consequence framing)
Original: הַשְׁמֵן… הַכְבֵּד… הָשַׁע
Category: Judgment
6:9-10; 29:9-10. Quoted John 12:40; Acts 28:26-27; Romans 11:8. A personal God’s judicial response to prior, persistent unbelief — never an impersonal, automatic karmic mechanism. Doctrinally adjacent to, but textually prior to, the baseline’s partial_hardening [TM] entry.
Branch Tsemach
Approved rendering: यहोवा की डाली
Transliteration: tsemach YHWH
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Original: צֶמַח יְהוָה
Category: Christology
4:2. First of two distinct Messianic ‘branch’ roots; must be kept terminologically distinguishable by translator note from branch_netzer_root_of_jesse (11:1) despite both using डाली-family vocabulary.
Branch Netzer Root Of Jesse
Approved rendering: यिशै की जड़ / अंकुर
Transliteration: netzer / shoresh Yishai
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Rejected alternatives: कर्म-बीज-शैली अमूर्त आत्मिक बीज भाषा
Original: נֵצֶר / שֹׁרֶשׁ יִשַׁי
Category: Christology
11:1,10. Second, distinct branch root. Keep agrarian imagery concrete; do not abstract into ‘spiritual seed’ language suggestive of कर्म-बीज causality.
Wonderful Counselor
Approved rendering: आश्चर्यमय मंत्री
Transliteration: pele yo’etz
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Rejected alternatives: गुरु-शैली सामान्य सलाहकार (permanent-guru framing)
Original: פֶּלֶא יוֹעֵץ
Category: Christology
9:6. One of four royal-divine throne-names. Retain a uniquely wise, wonder-working royal counselor sense, not a generic advisor/court-astrologer role.
Everlasting Father Title
Approved rendering: सनातन पिता
Transliteration: avi-ad
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Original: אֲבִי־עַד
Category: Christology
9:6. Mandatory translator note distinguishing this title (the Messiah’s eternal fatherly care) from the distinct Trinitarian Person of God the Father (पिता [TM]).
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: यहोवा का दिन
Transliteration: yom YHWH
Doctrine: The Day of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: युग-परिवर्तन-शैली चक्रीय कल्पना (yuga-cycle turning)
Original: יוֹם יְהוָה
Category: Judgment
2:12; 13:6,9; 22:5; 34:8; 61:2; 63:4. A single, personal, appointed day of divine reckoning; never an impersonal cyclical cosmic-age turn.
Day Star Son Of Dawn
Approved rendering: भोर का तारा
Transliteration: helel ben-shachar
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: लूसिफर के रूप में निश्चित सिद्धान्त-कथन (settled Lucifer doctrine asserted in-text)
Original: הֵילֵל בֶּן־שָׁחַר
Category: Judgment
14:12. Primary referent is the historical Babylonian king’s hubris and fall. The later Christian typological association with Satan’s fall is NOT the Hebrew text’s own assertion; render literally and record the typology only as a translator/theologian note, per the israel_of_god convention.
Everlasting Covenant
Approved rendering: सनातन वाचा
Transliteration: berit olam
Doctrine: Everlasting Covenant
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, समझौता
Original: בְּרִית עוֹלָם
Category: Covenant
24:5; 54:10; 55:3; 61:8. Reuse वाचा [TM] with a consistent सनातन modifier across all four occurrences so Hindi readers recognize one continuous theological thread.
Swallow Up Death
Approved rendering: मृत्यु को सदा के लिये निगल जाना
Transliteration: billa hammavet lanetsach
Doctrine: The New Heavens and New Earth
Original: בִּלַּע הַמָּוֶת לָנֶצַח
Category: Salvation
25:8. Quoted 1 Corinthians 15:54. Must be read as final, permanent abolition of death, not a cyclical suspension between reincarnations.
Day Of Vengeance
Approved rendering: बदला लेने का दिन (परमेश्वर का न्याय)
Transliteration: yom naqam
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Righteous Vengeance
Rejected alternatives: व्यक्तिगत प्रतिशोध-शैली बदला (personal-revenge framing without note)
Original: יוֹם נָקָם
Category: Judgment
34:8; 61:2; 63:4. Mandatory translator note distinguishing God’s judicial vindication from ordinary Hindi बदला (personal revenge); ties to परमेश्वर का क्रोध [TM].
Highway Of Holiness
Approved rendering: पवित्रता का राजमार्ग
Transliteration: mesillah / derekh haqodesh
Doctrine: Comfort and Restoration
Original: מְסִלָּה / דֶּרֶךְ הַקֹּדֶשׁ
Category: Worship
35:8. A way reserved exclusively for the redeemed; must convey moral-spiritual set-apartness (पवित्र [TM]), not a literal roadway.
Comfort
Approved rendering: सांत्वना दो
Transliteration: nachamu
Doctrine: Comfort and Restoration
Rejected alternatives: आत्म-प्राप्त वैराग्य-शैली शान्ति (self-achieved detachment framing)
Original: נַחֲמוּ
Category: Eschatology
40:1. Programmatic term opening the ‘Book of Comfort’ (chs. 40-66); must convey God’s own initiative, never self-consolation or meditative equanimity.
Bruised Reed
Approved rendering: कुचली हुई नरकट
Transliteration: qaneh ratsuts
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Original: קָנֶה רָצוּץ
Category: Christology
42:3. Quoted Matthew 12:20. Illustrates the gentleness of the Servant’s justice.
Light To The Nations
Approved rendering: जातियों के लिये ज्योति
Transliteration: le’or goyim
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations
Original: לְאוֹר גּוֹיִם
Category: Church
42:6; 49:6. Reuses अन्यजाति [TM]; must not be narrowed to a merely national/ethnic blessing.
Sorcery Astrology
Approved rendering: ज्योतिषी / तांत्रिक
Transliteration: kasdim hoverei shamayim
Doctrine: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
Original: כַּשְׂדִּים הֹבְרֵי שָׁמַיִם
Category: Sin
47:9,12-13. Direct polemic against astrology/occult divination — a live and culturally sensitive Indian topic; retain the polemic without gratuitous mockery of contemporary practitioners, per baseline’s भविष्यद्वक्ता/ज्योतिषी distinction.
Former Things New Things
Approved rendering: पिछली बातें / नई बातें
Transliteration: hari’shonot / chadashot
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: הָרִאשׁנוֹת / חֲדָשׁוֹת
Category: Eschatology
42:9; 43:18-19; 48:3-6. Must retain a linear, historical, sequential fulfillment sense, never a cyclical repetition of ages.
Cup Of Wrath
Approved rendering: क्रोध का कटोरा
Transliteration: kos chamato
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Righteous Vengeance
Original: כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ
Category: Judgment
51:17,22. Reuses परमेश्वर का क्रोध [TM]; links forward to the Gethsemane cup image (Matthew 26:39) — preserve consistency across both curricula.
All Flesh Shall Worship
Approved rendering: सब प्राणी दण्डवत करेंगे
Transliteration: kol basar yishtachavu
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations / The New Heavens and New Earth
Original: כָּל־בָּשָׂר יִשְׁתַּחֲוּוּ
Category: Church
66:23. Reuses आराधना [TM]-family vocabulary; universal scope must not be qualified.
Despised And Rejected
Approved rendering: तिरस्कृत
Transliteration: nivzeh vachadal ishim
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: साधारण अलोकप्रियता-शैली नरम अनुवाद (mere unpopularity)
Original: נִבְזֶה וַחֲדַל אִישִׁים
Category: Christology
53:3. The Servant’s social disgrace; flag for native-speaker review per the baseline honor/shame routing rule. The chapter’s honor-shame reversal is load-bearing.
Iniquity Avon
Approved rendering: अधर्म
Transliteration: avon
Doctrine: Universal Human Sinfulness
Original: עָוֹן
Category: Sin
53:5 pairs עָוֹן with פֶּשַׁע (rebellion_transgression) to intensify the totality of guilt transferred. Kept distinguishable from अपराध; both remain moral-relational categories, never ritual impurity or karmic residue.
Arm Of The Lord
Approved rendering: यहोवा की भुजा
Transliteration: zeroa YHWH
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God / Suffering Servant Atonement
Original: זְרוֹעַ יְהוָה
Category: God
51:9; 53:1. Anthropomorphic image for God’s active, saving power. Mandatory translator note clarifying the non-literal-physical sense; guard against conflation with multi-armed Hindu iconography. Underlying referent same reality as परमेश्वर की सामर्थ्य [TM].
Potter And Clay
Approved rendering: कुम्हार और मिट्टी
Transliteration: yotserenu
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: कर्म-निर्धारित रूप-शैली भाग्यवादी अनुवाद (karma-determined fatalistic framing)
Original: יוֹצְרֵנוּ (from יָצַר)
Category: God
64:8. Echoed Romans 9:20-21. Must convey the personal Creator’s intimate, purposive care, not impersonal, fatalistic shaping resonant with karma-determined station.
Come To The Waters
Approved rendering: हर एक जो प्यासा हो, जल के पास आए
Transliteration: hoy kol tsame lechu lamayim
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations
55:1. Universal invitation imagery, echoed Revelation 22:17. Universality is of audience/invitation, not of doctrinal validity among competing religious paths — must not read as pluralist endorsement.
Word Shall Not Return Void
Approved rendering: मेरा वचन व्यर्थ नहीं लौटेगा
Transliteration: devari lo yashuv
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over the Nations
55:11. The effectual, sovereign word doctrine; ties to परमेश्वर का विधान [TM].
Foreigners And Eunuchs Included
Approved rendering: परदेशी और खोजा भी सम्मिलित
Transliteration: ben-hannekhar / saris
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations
Original: בֶּן־הַנֵּכָר / סָרִיס
Category: Church
56:3-7. A startling reversal of exclusionary purity codes; directly relevant to the baseline’s impartiality_of_god [TM] pattern. Must be rendered with full inclusive force, not softened — confronts caste-like religious exclusion.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: शांति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुकून
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 9:6 (Prince of Peace); 26:3; 53:5 (chastisement_for_our_peace); 57:19. Relational/covenantal, never meditative calm.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Comfort and Restoration
Original: חֶסֶד / רַחֲמִים
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 54:7-8; 63:7. Kept distinct from अनुग्रह [TM, grace]; fence explicitly wherever both co-occur (e.g. 54:8; 63:7-9).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 42:1,6; 49:6; 56:7; 60:3. Isaiah’s own ‘nations_gentiles’ registry entry reuses this term exactly — no separate coinage needed.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का राज्य
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā rājya
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर का राष्ट्र
Original: (conceptual: malkut)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 33:22; 52:7 (‘Your God reigns’). God’s reign, not a political kingdom.
Restoration
Approved rendering: बहाली
Transliteration: bahālī
Doctrine: Comfort and Restoration
Original: שׁוּב
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 49:5-6; 59:20; links Romans 11:26-27.
Stumbling Stone
Approved rendering: ठोकर का पत्थर
Transliteration: ṭhokara kā patthara
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Original: אֶבֶן נֶגֶף / מִכְשׁוֹל
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (already cites Isaiah 8:14; 28:16). Isaiah relevance: must remain internally consistent with cornerstone [NEW] (28:16) so the composite Romans 9:33/1 Peter 2:6-8 quotation reads coherently.
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: शफाअत
Original: פָּגַע
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 53:12; 59:16; 62:6-7. Closes the core passage, connecting the OT Servant to the NT’s ongoing heavenly intercession (Romans 8:34; Hebrews 7:25).
Revelation
Approved rendering: प्रकाशन
Transliteration: prakāśana
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of the Prophetic Word
Rejected alternatives: दर्शन (darshan, devotional sight of a deity), साक्षात्कार (mystical self-realization)
Inherited from Romans package (Galatians coinage). Isaiah relevance: 53:1’s נִגְלָתָה (‘was revealed’) — God’s objective disclosure, not a devotee’s attained vision. Never दर्शन/साक्षात्कार.
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāela
Doctrine: Election and the Preserved Remnant
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: throughout, including the corporate Servant-Israel material (41:8-9; 44:1-2,21) distinguished from the individual Messianic Servant (see servant_of_the_lord [NEW]).
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Dāūda
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 9:6-7; 11:1,10 (root of Jesse); 55:3.
Cross
Approved rendering: क्रूस
Transliteration: krūsa
Doctrine: Suffering Servant Atonement
Rejected alternatives: सूली
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: used in teaching/curriculum material connecting Isaiah 53’s fulfillment to the crucifixion narrative (John 19:34,37; 1 Peter 2:24).
Seraphim
Approved rendering: सराफीम
Transliteration: seraphim
Doctrine: Holiness and Majesty of God
Rejected alternatives: देवता / देव-दूत (Hindu deva-class conflation)
Original: שְׂרָפִים
Category: Worship
6:2,6. Transliterate with a first-use gloss identifying a distinct created, worshipping angelic order — never an object of worship, never a Hindu deva/celestial being.
Commissioning Formula
Approved rendering: मैं यहाँ हूँ, मुझे भेज
Transliteration: hineni shelacheni
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of the Prophetic Word
6:8. Prophetic commissioning formula; connects to the baseline’s called/calling [TM] family (Divine Calling doctrine).
Prince Of Peace Title
Approved rendering: शांति का राजकुमार
Transliteration: sar-shalom
Doctrine: Coming Messiah
Original: שַׂר־שָׁלוֹם
Category: Christology
9:6. Fourth throne-name; ties to शांति [TM].
Woe
Approved rendering: हाय
Transliteration: hoy
Doctrine: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
Original: הוֹי
Category: Judgment
Standard prophetic judgment-oracle marker recurring at chs. 5, 10, 28-33, 45. Keep consistent across all occurrences.
Vineyard
Approved rendering: दाख की बारी
Transliteration: kerem
Doctrine: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice / Comfort and Restoration
Original: כֶּרֶם
Category: Covenant
5:1-7 (judgment); 27:2-6 (restoration). Covenant-unfaithfulness metaphor; must carry the unfaithfulness-despite-care sense, not merely agricultural description. Anticipates NT vineyard parables.
Zion
Approved rendering: सिय्योन
Transliteration: Tsiyyon
Doctrine: Comfort and Restoration
Original: צִיּוֹן
Category: Covenant
Jerusalem/God’s covenant city, both historical location and symbol of God’s dwelling and future glory; established transliteration used throughout the book.
Massa Burden
Approved rendering: भारी वचन
Transliteration: massa
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Original: מַשָּׂא
Category: Judgment
Technical genre-marker introducing each oracle against a foreign nation (chs. 13-23). Structural, not itself doctrinal, but essential for clarity.
Leviathan
Approved rendering: लिव्यातान
Transliteration: Livyatan
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: शेष/वासुकी-शैली सर्प-देवता कल्पना (Shesha/Vasuki serpent-deity conflation)
Original: לִוְיָתָן
Category: God
27:1. Mythological chaos-monster subdued by God’s sovereign power; transliterate with a gloss identifying it as a defeated symbol of cosmic evil, never a benign or venerable being.
Shepherd Metaphor
Approved rendering: चरवाहा
Transliteration: ro’eh
Doctrine: Comfort and Restoration
Original: רֹעֶה
Category: Christology
40:11 (of God); 44:28 (of Cyrus-as-instrument). Pastoral-care metaphor consistent with NT shepherd Christology.
Cyrus Proper Name
Approved rendering: कुस्रू
Transliteration: Koresh
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: כֹּרֶשׁ
Category: Prophecy
44:28; 45:1,13. Named over a century before his reign — a strong prophecy-fulfillment data point; keep distinct from the messianic caution documented under cyrus_anointed.
Rebellion Transgression
Approved rendering: अपराध
Transliteration: pasha
Doctrine: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
Rejected alternatives: जाति-आधारित अशुद्धता-शैली अनुवाद (caste-defilement framing)
Original: פָּשַׁע
Category: Sin
1:2; 53:5,8. Covenant-breaking rebellion; a covenant-breach category, not caste-defilement or ritual infraction.
New Name
Approved rendering: नया नाम
Transliteration: shem chadash
Doctrine: Comfort and Restoration
Original: שֵׁם חָדָש
Category: Eschatology
62:2. Identity-transformation imagery; the naming is God’s own act, not a self-chosen new religious identity.
Fasting
Approved rendering: उपवास
Transliteration: tsom
Doctrine: Sabbath Observance and True Worship
Original: צוֹם
Category: Worship
58:3-6. Must not be presented as a merit-earning ritual act; fasting divorced from justice is empty — consistent with the baseline’s works/grace antithesis.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: शब्बत / विश्राम-दिन
Transliteration: shabbat
Doctrine: Sabbath Observance and True Worship
Original: שַׁבָּת
Category: Worship
56:2,4,6; 58:13. A positive cultic-covenant observance term, distinct from व्यवस्था [TM], which is reserved strictly for Torah-as-law-code.
Low Risk Terms
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल
Original: נְבוּאָה
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: 42:9; 48:3-6. Distinct from भविष्यफल (astrological prediction).
Prophet
Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of the Prophetic Word
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: נָבִיא
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: throughout, especially Isaiah’s own commissioning (ch. 6). Never ज्योतिषी.
Boasting
Approved rendering: घमण्ड
Transliteration: ghamaṇḍa
Doctrine: Justification by Faith (OT Anchor)
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah relevance: implicit contrast at 64:6 (filthy_garment_righteousness [NEW]) — human self-righteousness repudiated, excluding boasting.
Fear Not
Approved rendering: मत डरो
Transliteration: al tira
Doctrine: Comfort and Restoration
Original: אַל־תִּירָא
Category: God
Recurring divine-reassurance formula (chs. 41-44). Low doctrinal risk; standard pastoral-comfort formula.
Referenced passages