Semantic Analysis — 2 Peter (Koine Greek → Hindi)

Method and Scope

This document analyzes 2 Peter in the original Koine Greek across all three chapters. Part A gives verse-by-verse treatment of the core passage, 2 Peter 1:16–21 (the apostolic eyewitness/inspiration-of-Scripture unit). Part B covers the entire book chapter by chapter, including Chapter 1’s framing material (1:1–15) not already treated in Part A, and Chapters 2–3 in full. Every load-bearing term is given: original word, transliteration, literal meaning, semantic range, English variants, contextual theological meaning, and the Hindi rendering with its translation risk.

Hard rule applied throughout: any term already recorded in the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json is reused with its exact recorded Hindi rendering. Such terms are marked [TM-REUSE]. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked [NEW] and are risk-classified using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.

2 Peter’s dominant new collision zone is Hindu devotional-philosophical vocabulary (bhakti, jñāna, guna/tattva, avatāra, pralaya, narak) rather than the karma/moksha vocabulary that dominated Romans/Galatians risk analysis — though karma-adjacent risk reappears at 2:19-20 (freedom/slavery reversal) and 3:9 (patience). This reflects 2 Peter’s distinctive subject matter: divine nature, cosmology, and false-teacher polemic.

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PART A — Core Passage Verse-by-Verse: 2 Peter 1:16–21

2 Peter 1:16

Greek: Οὐ γὰρ σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις ἐξακολουθήσαντες ἐγνωρίσαμεν ὑμῖν τὴν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δύναμιν καὶ παρουσίαν, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπόπται γενηθέντες τῆς ἐκείνου μεγαλειότητος. Gloss: “For we did not follow cleverly devised myths when we made known to you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but we were eyewitnesses of his majesty.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
μῦθος (σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις) mythos (sesophismenois mythois) a fable; a cleverly-contrived tale	invented narrative, legend, fictional religious tale (contrasted with historical eyewitness report) “myths,” “fables,” “cleverly devised stories”	Peter denies that apostolic proclamation rests on invented religious narrative; it rests on witnessed history.	[NEW] मनगढ़ंत कहानियाँ (manghaṇṭa kahāniyāṅ, “self-fabricated stories”), qualified as “चतुराई से गढ़ी गई” (cleverly devised). Risk: Medium. Rejected: पुराण (purāṇa) — would name the Hindu sacred-narrative genre itself and imply the gospel is being classed with it; कथा alone is too neutral (used for any story, including true ones).
παρουσία parousia arrival, presence, coming	a ruler’s official state visit; the personal, visible return/arrival of Christ ”coming,” “arrival,” “advent,” “presence”	The certain, future, personal return of Christ in glory — the doctrine anchoring all of ch. 3.	[NEW] आगमन (āgamana, “arrival/coming”). Risk: Critical. Rejected: अवतरण (avatāraṇa) — names the Hindu avatāra’s periodic, repeatable descent into the world; would imply Christ’s parousia is one of many divine descents rather than a single, unrepeatable, climactic historical event. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence (1:16; 3:4,12).
δύναμις (τοῦ Κυρίου) dynamis power, might, capability	inherent capacity to act; divine power specifically ”power,” “might”	Christ’s power exercised in his historical coming and to be consummated at his return.	[TM-REUSE] परमेश्वर की सामर्थ्य pattern → here मसीह की सामर्थ्य (never शक्ति, per baseline forbidden-substitution rule). Risk: High.
ἐπόπτης (ἐπόπται) epoptēs (epoptai) one who has personally seen; an overseer/observer	eyewitness with first-hand, direct visual experience (a legal/testimonial term) “eyewitnesses,” “spectators”	Peter grounds apostolic authority in first-hand historical observation of the Transfiguration, not derived or inherited legend.	[NEW] प्रत्यक्षदर्शी (pratyakṣadarśī, “direct witness”). Risk: Medium. Standard Hindi legal/testimonial term; low collision risk, but flag because it underwrites the Inspiration-of-Scripture doctrine’s historical-eyewitness basis.
μεγαλειότης megaleiotēs greatness, magnificence, majesty	royal/divine splendor and grandeur ”majesty,” “greatness,” “glorious splendor”	The visible, overwhelming splendor of Christ displayed at the Transfiguration, previewing his parousia glory.	[NEW] प्रताप (pratāpa, “majesty/splendor”). Risk: Medium. Kept lexically distinct from महिमा (doxa, glory, TM-reused in v.17) so the vision’s dazzling greatness (megaleiotēs) and the Father’s honor-bestowal (doxa) remain two related but separate ideas.

2 Peter 1:17

Greek: λαβὼν γὰρ παρὰ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς τιμὴν καὶ δόξαν φωνῆς ἐνεχθείσης αὐτῷ τοιᾶσδε ὑπὸ τῆς μεγαλοπρεποῦς δόξης, Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός μου, εἰς ὃν ἐγὼ εὐδόκησα. Gloss: “For when he received honor and glory from God the Father, and the voice was borne to him by the Majestic Glory, saying, ‘This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.’”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
τιμή timē honor, value, price paid	esteem, worth, honor bestowed ”honor,” “praise”	The Father publicly honoring the Son at the Transfiguration.	[NEW] आदर (ādara, “honor”). Risk: Low.
δόξα doxa glory, radiance, honor	God’s manifest presence/splendor; honor/renown ”glory,” “splendor”	God’s own radiant honor conferred on and displayed through the Son.	[TM-REUSE] महिमा (mahimā). Risk: High (per baseline glory entry).
Θεὸς Πατήρ Theos Patēr God Father	God in his paternal relation to the Son ”God the Father”	Distinguishes the Father’s voice from the Son present bodily — a Trinitarian data-point.	[TM-REUSE] परमेश्वर पिता (परमेश्वर + पिता). Risk: Critical.
μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα megaloprepēs doxa magnificently-fitting glory; the “Majestic Glory”	a reverential periphrasis/title for God himself, avoiding direct divine-name utterance ”the Majestic Glory,” “the Excellent Glory”	A title standing in for God the Father as speaker — echoes OT theophany language (Exodus 24; Deuteronomy 33:26).	[NEW] महाप्रतापमय महिमा (mahāpratāpamaya mahimā, “the Majestic/Most-Splendorous Glory”), built on the TM महिमा root. Risk: High. This is a divine title, not a generic descriptor; must not be flattened into ordinary “very glorious.”
Υἱός (μου ὁ ἀγαπητός) Huios (agapētos) Son (beloved)	the unique divine Son; term of filial intimacy and delight ”my beloved Son,” “my Son, whom I love”	Echoes the baptism declaration (Mark 1:11) and confirms Jesus’s unique, eternal Sonship — directly continuous with the baseline Critical “son_of_god” doctrine.	[TM-REUSE] परमेश्वर का पुत्र background term; here rendered “मेरा प्रिय पुत्र” (my beloved Son), प्रिय (“beloved”) [NEW, Low risk]. Risk of the whole clause: Critical — must never be softened to a merely honorific or adoptive sonship.
εὐδοκέω (εὐδόκησα) eudokeō (eudokēsa) to be well pleased, to take delight in	approval, settled pleasure/delight ”with whom I am well pleased,” “in whom I delight”	The Father’s settled, approving delight in the Son — not a probationary or conditional approval.	[NEW] जिससे मैं अति प्रसन्न हूँ (jisase maiṅ ati prasanna hūṅ). Risk: Low.

2 Peter 1:18

Greek: καὶ ταύτην τὴν φωνὴν ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἐνεχθεῖσαν, σὺν αὐτῷ ὄντες ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ ὄρει. Gloss: “We ourselves heard this voice borne from heaven, for we were with him on the holy mountain.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
φωνή (ἐξ οὐρανοῦ) phōnē (ex ouranou) voice (from heaven)	audible divine speech, theophanic voice ”voice from heaven”	Direct auditory, historical divine speech-event, corroborating the visual eyewitness claim of v.16.	[NEW] स्वर्ग से आई हुई वाणी (svarga se āī huī vāṇī). Risk: Medium — must read as one definite historical utterance, not a recurring mystical “inner voice” experience (contrast with Hindu antaḥkaraṇa/inner-voice devotional experience).
ὄρος ἅγιον oros hagion holy mountain	a mountain set apart by a divine manifestation ”holy mountain” (the Mount of Transfiguration)	Location sanctified by God’s visible/audible self-disclosure — echoes Sinai typology.	[TM-REUSE] पवित्र (holy) + पहाड़ (mountain) → पवित्र पहाड़. Risk: Low.

2 Peter 1:19

Greek: καὶ ἔχομεν βεβαιότερον τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον, ᾧ καλῶς ποιεῖτε προσέχοντες ὡς λύχνῳ φαίνοντι ἐν αὐχμηρῷ τόπῳ, ἕως οὗ ἡμέρα διαυγάσῃ καὶ φωσφόρος ἀνατείλῃ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν. Gloss: “And we have the prophetic word more fully confirmed, to which you will do well to pay attention as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
βεβαιότερος (βεβαιότερον) bebaioteros (bebaioteron) more firm, more sure, confirmed	legally/evidentially confirmed, established beyond doubt ”more fully confirmed,” “made more certain,” “made more sure”	The eyewitness Transfiguration event corroborates and strengthens confidence in OT prophetic Scripture — not the reverse.	[NEW] अधिक निश्चित/पुष्ट किया गया (adhik niścit/puṣṭa kiyā gayā). Risk: High — undergirds the Inspiration-of-Scripture doctrine; must not be softened to “somewhat helpful” or “one more supporting opinion.”
προφητικὸς λόγος prophētikos logos prophetic word	the body of OT prophetic Scripture as a unified, authoritative message ”the prophetic word,” “the message of the prophets”	Old Testament prophecy is a reliable, divinely-given message, not folklore or private speculation — sets up v.20-21’s inspiration statement.	[TM-REUSE] भविष्यवाणी (prophecy) + वचन (word) → भविष्यवाणी का वचन. Risk: Medium.
λύχνος lychnos lamp	a small oil lamp giving limited but sufficient light ”lamp,” “light”	Scripture provides sufficient guiding light for the present age, pending the fuller dawn of Christ’s return.	[NEW] दीपक (dīpaka, “lamp”). Risk: Low. Note: avoid pairing with ritual लौ/आरती imagery in any illustrative material, to keep the metaphor from reading as a devotional lamp-offering.
αὐχμηρὸς τόπος auchmēros topos dark, murky, dry place	a gloomy, obscure location ”dark place,” “murky place”	The present, not-yet-consummated age, in contrast to the full light of Christ’s return.	[NEW] अंधियारा स्थान (andhiyārā sthāna). Risk: Low.
ἡμέρα διαυγάσῃ hēmera diaugasē the day dawns/shines through	the breaking of daylight ”the day dawns”	Anticipatory of the Day of the Lord/parousia — the metaphor’s referent is eschatological, not merely psychological “enlightenment.”	[NEW] दिन का उदय होना (dina kā udaya honā). Risk: Medium — must be kept tethered to the literal eschatological Day (see ch. 3), not generalized into a vague “spiritual awakening.”
φωσφόρος phōsphoros light-bearer; morning star (the planet Venus at dawn)	the “day star,” a herald of dawn ”morning star,” “daystar”	A figure for the dawning certainty of Christ’s own presence/return in the believer’s understanding (cf. Revelation 22:16, where Christ names himself the morning star).	[NEW] भोर का तारा (bhora kā tārā, “star of dawn”). Risk: High. Must be accompanied by a translator note distinguishing this from Śukra/Venus as a Hindu astrological deity/graha governing fate and auspicious timing; the image is a poetic herald of Christ’s certain coming, not an astrological entity to be venerated or consulted.
καρδία kardia heart	the inner person — mind, will, and affection together ”heart,” “inner being”	The seat of understanding and conviction where prophetic assurance takes root.	[NEW] मन/हृदय (mana/hṛdaya). Risk: Low.

2 Peter 1:20

Greek: τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες, ὅτι πᾶσα προφητεία γραφῆς ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται. Gloss: “Knowing this first of all, that no prophecy of Scripture comes from someone’s own interpretation.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
προφητεία prophēteia prophecy	God-inspired declaration of his purposes ”prophecy”	The specific category of Scripture under discussion.	[TM-REUSE] भविष्यवाणी. Risk: Low (per baseline).
γραφή (γραφῆς) graphē (graphēs) writing; (the) Scripture	a sacred, authoritative written text; the OT canon collectively ”Scripture,” “the Scripture,” “the writing”	The specific, bounded, divinely-authoritative body of texts — foundational to the whole Inspiration-of-Scripture doctrine and to 3:16’s canon-referencing statement.	[NEW] पवित्रशास्त्र (pavitraśāstra, “holy scripture”). Risk: High. Established BSI usage; explicitly avoid bare शास्त्र alone in any context, since शास्त्र names the broad Hindu genre of authoritative treatises (dharma-śāstra, various śāstras) — पवित्र must always be retained to mark this as the unique, God-breathed canon.
ἴδιος (ἰδίας) idios one’s own, private, personal	individual/private, as opposed to shared/communal ”one’s own,” “private”	Denies that prophecy originates from a prophet’s private, self-generated insight.	[NEW] अपनी निजी (apanī nijī, “one’s own private”). Risk: Medium.
ἐπίλυσις (ἐπιλύσεως) epilysis a releasing, unloosing; interpretation/explanation	the act of explaining, resolving, or originating an interpretation ”interpretation,” “private interpretation,” “origination”	The point is disputed exegetically (does it mean prophets did not privately originate the prophecy, or readers should not privately interpret it?), but either reading excludes human autonomy as the source/ground of Scripture’s meaning.	[NEW] निजी व्याख्या (nijī vyākhyā, “private interpretation/origination”). Risk: High. Must be handled with a translator note recording the exegetical ambiguity (origin vs. interpretation) without resolving it unilaterally in the Hindi text — parallel to the baseline’s handling of contested referents (e.g., “Israel of God”).

2 Peter 1:21

Greek: οὐ γὰρ θελήματι ἀνθρώπου ἠνέχθη προφητεία ποτέ, ἀλλὰ ὑπὸ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου φερόμενοι ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι. Gloss: “For no prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
θέλημα ἀνθρώπου thelēma anthrōpou will of man	human volition/intention as the originating cause ”will of man,” “human will”	Excludes human initiative as the source of Scripture.	[NEW] मनुष्य की इच्छा (manuṣya kī icchā). Risk: Low.
φέρω (φερόμενοι) pherō (pheromenoi) to carry, bear, bring along	to be borne/moved/carried by an outside force (present passive participle — ongoing, not a single ecstatic burst) “carried along,” “moved,” “borne along,” “impelled”	The Holy Spirit superintended the human authors’ own faculties (personality, vocabulary, style) while ensuring the resulting message was fully God’s own word.	[NEW] चालित होकर (cālita hokara, “being moved/driven along”), or fuller: “पवित्र आत्मा के द्वारा अगुवाई पाकर.” Risk: Critical. This is the single highest-collision term in the passage: popular Hindi religious vocabulary for spirit-inspired utterance is आवेश/आवेशित (possession-trance, as in oracle/medium possession by a devī or spirit in folk and some devotional Hindu practice), in which the human personality is typically displaced or suppressed during utterance. 2 Peter 1:21 teaches the opposite model — the Spirit carrying/superintending human authors who remain themselves, consciously speaking, their own faculties fully engaged. Mandatory theologian review; explicit translator note required distinguishing divine superintendence from possession-trance every occurrence.
Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον Pneuma Hagion Holy Spirit	the third Person of the Godhead ”Holy Spirit”	The personal divine agent who moved the human authors of Scripture.	[TM-REUSE] पवित्र आत्मा. Risk: Critical (per baseline).
λαλέω (ἐλάλησαν) laleō (elalēsan) to speak, utter	to speak/utter words ”spoke,” “uttered”	The human authors genuinely spoke — their agency is affirmed even as divine origin is asserted; a both/and, not a displacement.	[NEW] बोले (bole, “spoke”). Risk: Low, but reinforces the “carried along” note above — this verb’s presence proves the human speakers were not silenced/possessed.
ἀπὸ Θεοῦ apo Theou from God	divine source/origin ”from God”	The ultimate divine source of the prophetic message, mediated through, not despite, human speakers.	[TM-REUSE] परमेश्वर की ओर से (from परमेश्वर). Risk: High.

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PART B — Chapter-by-Chapter Study of the Whole Book

Chapter 1 (1:1–15 — framing material outside the core passage)

2 Peter 1:1-15 introduces the letter (1:1-2), states the “Growing in Christian Virtue” doctrine’s key terms (1:3-11), and closes with Peter’s testamentary note about his approaching death (1:12-15).

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
δοῦλος (Σίμων Πέτρος δοῦλος) doulos slave, bondservant	one wholly owned by and obligated to a master; here, a positive self-designation of total devotion ”servant,” “slave,” “bond-servant”	Peter’s self-identification as Christ’s owned servant — voluntary, honorific self-abasement, not the negative “slavery to corruption” sense of 2:19.	[NEW] दास (dāsa), building on the baseline दासत्व/दास (slavery) family. Risk: Medium. Note distinguishing this positive apostolic self-designation from the polemical “slaves of corruption” (2:19) usage of the same root — context, not vocabulary, carries the distinction.
ἀπόστολος apostolos one sent, apostle	authorized, sent representative ”apostle”	Peter’s delegated apostolic authority, alongside Paul’s (cf. 3:15-16).	[TM-REUSE] प्रेरित. Risk: Medium.
ἰσότιμος πίστις isotimos pistis equally-valued/equally-precious faith	faith of the same standing/worth, shared by Jew and Gentile alike ”a faith of the same standing,” “a faith as precious as ours”	Universal equality of standing before God through shared faith — resonates with the baseline’s universal-scope-of-gospel doctrine.	[TM-REUSE] विश्वास (faith), qualified “बहुमूल्य/समान मूल्य का.” Risk: Medium.
δικαιοσύνη (τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν καὶ Σωτῆρος) dikaiosynē righteousness	right standing/character, here God’s own righteous character by which he grants faith ”righteousness”	God’s own righteousness is the ground by which this equally-precious faith is granted — not human merit.	[TM-REUSE] धार्मिकता. Risk: Critical.
σωτήρ sōtēr savior, deliverer	one who rescues/delivers from danger or death ”Savior”	2 Peter 1:1 calls Jesus “our God and Savior” — one of the NT’s clearest single-clause deity-of-Christ statements.	[NEW] उद्धारकर्ता (uddhārakartā, “deliverer”), built directly on the baseline Critical उद्धार (salvation) root. Risk: Critical. Rejected: त्राता (rescuer) — carries associations with mythological hero-rescuers/avatāra figures who intervene to save the world in Hindu narrative tradition; उद्धारकर्ता keeps continuity with the established उद्धार term and its explicit rejection of मुक्ति/मोक्ष. Mandatory theologian review, especially at 1:1 where “God and Savior” are applied to Jesus in a single title.
χάρις charis grace	unmerited favor ”grace”	Foundational unmerited favor, granted alongside knowledge of God.	[TM-REUSE] अनुग्रह. Risk: High.
εἰρήνη eirēnē peace	relational, covenantal wholeness ”peace”	Relational peace flowing from grace and knowledge of God, as in the baseline peace entry.	[TM-REUSE] शांति. Risk: Medium.
ἐπίγνωσις / γνῶσις (τοῦ Θεοῦ/τοῦ Κυρίου) epignōsis / gnōsis full/precise knowledge / knowledge	personal, relational, experiential knowing of a person (not abstract or merely intellectual knowledge) “knowledge,” “full knowledge,” “true knowledge”	The letter’s thematic refrain (1:2,3,8; 2:20; 3:18): saving, relational knowledge of God and Christ that grows over a lifetime and can be genuinely abandoned (2:20-21).	[NEW] ज्ञान (jñāna, “knowledge”), qualified where possible as “परमेश्वर/प्रभु की पहचान” (personal recognition/knowing of God/the Lord). Risk: Critical. This is 2 Peter’s single most theologically loaded recurring term: bare ज्ञान is the exact Hindi/Sanskrit term for jñāna, the path of liberating metaphysical self-realization in the jñāna-mārga tradition (one of the three classical margas alongside karma and bhakti), in which “knowledge” liberates by dissolving ignorance (avidyā) about the self’s true (divine) nature. Biblical epignōsis is relational, personal knowing of a distinct divine Person through faith, not impersonal self-realization. Mandatory translator note and theologian review at every occurrence, paired with the baseline’s existing known_by_god caution (Galatians 4:9).
θεία δύναμις theia dynamis divine power	God’s own inherent power/capability ”divine power,” “his divine power”	The divine power by which believers receive everything needed for life and godliness (1:3).	[TM-REUSE] सामर्थ्य root → ईश्वरीय सामर्थ्य (never शक्ति). Risk: High.
εὐσέβεια eusebeia godliness, piety, reverence toward God	reverent, worshipful devotion expressed in conduct ”godliness,” “piety,” “reverence”	Named repeatedly (1:3,6,7; 3:11) as the goal/fruit of the virtue-chain and of holy living awaiting the Day of the Lord.	[NEW] भक्ति (bhakti). Risk: Critical. This is the single most theologically hazardous new term in the letter: भक्ति is not a neutral Hindi word but names the devotional path (bhakti-mārga) of loving surrender to a chosen deity (iṣṭa-devatā) within Hindu religious practice — one of several equally valid paths to liberation in popular Hindu theology. Established Hindi Bible tradition nonetheless renders eusebeia as भक्ति (e.g., 1 Timothy 6:6). Retained here as the established rendering, but EVERY occurrence requires a mandatory translator note: biblical eusebeia is exclusive reverent devotion to the one true God revealed in Christ, produced by the Spirit through the virtue-chain of 1:5-7, not one interchangeable path among several valid devotional options toward any chosen deity.
ἀρετή aretē excellence, virtue, moral goodness	moral excellence, praiseworthy quality of character ”virtue,” “excellence,” “moral excellence”	Both God’s own excellence (1:3) and the virtue believers are to supplement their faith with (1:5) — central to the “Growing in Christian Virtue” doctrine.	[NEW] सद्गुण (sadguṇa, “good quality/virtue”). Risk: High. Rejected: bare गुण (guṇa) alone — गुण is the technical term for the three cosmic qualities (sattva, rajas, tamas) of Sāṅkhya/Vedānta philosophy that constitute all material nature (prakṛti); bare गुण risks assimilating Christian virtue to this triguna framework. सद्गुण (qualified “good-quality”) mitigates but does not eliminate the resonance; retain the compound form only, never bare गुण, and note that this is Spirit-produced moral excellence patterned on Christ, not a cosmic material quality.
ἐπάγγελμα (ἐπαγγέλματα) epangelma (epangelmata) promise	a solemn pledge ”promises”	The “precious and very great promises” (1:4) by which believers become partakers of the divine nature.	[TM-REUSE] प्रतिज्ञा (Galatians baseline). Risk: High.
θεία φύσις theia physis divine nature	God’s own essential character/nature ”divine nature,” “the nature of God”	2 Peter 1:4 — believers “become partakers of the divine nature,” having escaped corruption. This is the letter’s signature doctrinal statement and the curriculum’s named doctrine (“Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption”).	[NEW] ईश्वरीय स्वभाव (īśvarīya svabhāva, “divine nature/character”). Risk: Critical. The single highest doctrinal-collision term in the book. Rejected: तत्व/ईश्वर-तत्व (would suggest a shared metaphysical essence/substance, resonating with Advaita Vedānta’s ātman=Brahman identity, i.e., the human self is already, essentially, identical with the divine); प्रकृति (would suggest becoming one with an impersonal cosmic Nature-principle, Sāṅkhya’s prakṛti). स्वभाव (character/disposition) keeps the sense at the level of shared moral character and imperishable life given through union with Christ (cf. 1:4’s “escaping corruption”), not shared ontological essence or self-realized inner divinity. Mandatory translator note and theologian review at every occurrence: believers participate in God’s moral character and immortal life by grace, through union with Christ; they do not become God, nor do they discover a divinity already latent within themselves.
φθορά phthora corruption, decay, ruin	moral decay; physical/mortal decay; destruction ”corruption,” “decay,” “destruction,” “ruin”	The corruption in the world caused by sinful desire (1:4), later applied to the false teachers’ own doom (2:12,19).	[NEW] विनाश / भ्रष्टता (vināśa / bhraṣṭatā — destruction / moral corruption, chosen by context). Risk: High. Must not be assimilated to the Hindu framework in which the material/embodied world (saṃsāra) is itself inherently corrupt/illusory (māyā) and must be escaped through enlightenment; biblical corruption is specifically caused by sinful desire (ἐπιθυμία) and escaped through participation in Christ’s imperishable life, not through disembodied liberation.
ἐπιθυμία epithymia desire, craving, lust	strong desire, usually negative (sinful craving) in NT usage ”desire,” “lust,” “sinful desire”	The engine of the world’s corruption (1:4) and of the false teachers’ conduct (2:10,18; 3:3).	[NEW] अभिलाषा (abhilāṣā), consistent with the baseline’s शरीर की अभिलाषाएँ (flesh) pattern. Risk: Medium.
ἐγκράτεια egkrateia self-control, self-mastery	restraint of impulse/appetite ”self-control”	One link in the virtue chain of 1:5-7.	[NEW] संयम (saṅyama). Risk: Medium. Note: संयम is also a technical term in classical yogic self-restraint (yama/niyama disciplines); clarify this is Spirit-enabled moral self-governance flowing from faith, not self-achieved ascetic willpower.
ὑπομονή hypomonē patient endurance, steadfastness	perseverance under trial ”steadfastness,” “endurance,” “perseverance”	Another link in the virtue chain (1:6), distinct from μακροθυμία (ch. 3’s “patience,” see below).	[NEW] धीरज (dhīraja, “patient endurance”). Risk: Low. Deliberately kept lexically distinct from μακροθυμία’s सहनशीलता (see Chapter 3) so the two Greek words do not collapse into one Hindi word.
φιλαδελφία philadelphia brotherly love/affection	familial love among believers ”brotherly kindness,” “brotherly affection”	Part of the virtue chain (1:7).	[TM-REUSE] भाईचारे का प्रेम. Risk: Medium.
ἀγάπη agapē love	self-giving, willed love ”love”	The capstone of the virtue chain (1:7) — the goal toward which all the others build.	[TM-REUSE] प्रेम. Risk: Medium.
καθαρισμός (τῶν πάλαι αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτιῶν) katharismos cleansing, purification	ritual or moral cleansing ”cleansing,” “purging”	The one who lacks these virtues has forgotten he was cleansed from his former sins (1:9) — a settled past fact, not an ongoing ritual requirement.	[NEW] शुद्ध किया जाना (śuddha kiyā jānā, “to be cleansed”). Risk: Medium. Must be accompanied by context (or note) clarifying this is a completed, once-for-all cleansing from sin through Christ, not an ongoing ritual purification (shuddhi) requiring repetition — the baseline’s holy/sanctification entries already flag शुद्ध’s ritual-purity connotations; the same caution applies here.
ἐκλογή / κλῆσις eklogē / klēsis election / calling	God’s sovereign choice / summons ”election” / “calling"	"Confirm your calling and election” (1:10) — assurance grounded in God’s initiative, not human merit.	[TM-REUSE] परमेश्वर का चुनाव / बुलाहट. Risk: High.
αἰώνιος βασιλεία aiōnios basileia eternal kingdom	God’s/Christ’s everlasting reign ”eternal kingdom"	"The eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” (1:11) — the goal of the virtue-chain’s “rich welcome.”	[NEW] अनन्त राज्य, built from TM अनन्त (eternal_life root) + परमेश्वर का राज्य (kingdom_of_god root). Risk: Medium.
σκήνωμα skēnōma tent, tabernacle	a temporary dwelling; metaphor for the physical body ”tent,” “body” (as a temporary dwelling)	Peter’s body as a “tent” soon to be “put off” (1:13-14) — a metaphor for approaching death.	[NEW] डेरा (ḍerā, “tent/temporary dwelling”). Risk: Medium. Note: must be framed as a temporary earthly dwelling awaiting bodily resurrection (cf. baseline resurrection entry), not as a vehicle the soul discards en route to reincarnation into a different body.
ἔξοδος exodos departure, going out	death, euphemistically; also recalls the Exodus event ”departure,” “decease”	Peter’s approaching death as a “departure” (1:15) — a euphemism, not a technical term requiring new doctrine.	[NEW] कूच / देहान्त (kūca / dehānta). Risk: Low.

Chapter 2 (False Teachers and Their Judgment)

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
ψευδοδιδάσκαλος pseudodidaskalos false teacher	one who teaches falsely, imitating legitimate teaching authority ”false teachers”	2:1 — the chapter’s subject and the named curriculum doctrine.	[NEW] झूठे शिक्षक (jhūṭhe śikṣaka), parallel to the baseline’s झूठे भाई (false brothers) pattern. Risk: High. Flag for combined native speaker/theologian review — Indian religious culture typically vests teaching authority in a revered guru whose claims are rarely subjected to public doctrinal testing; the passage requires exactly this kind of public exposure and warning, paralleling the baseline’s guru-paradigm caution on paidagōgos (Galatians 3:24-25).
αἵρεσις (ἀπωλείας) hairesis (apōleias) a choosing; a sect, school of thought, faction	destructive doctrinal faction/opinion ”destructive heresies,” “destructive opinions”	The false teachers’ introduced doctrines lead to destruction.	[NEW] विनाशकारी मत (vināśakārī mata, “destructive doctrine/opinion”). Risk: Medium.
ἀπώλεια apōleia destruction, ruin, perdition	eternal ruin/perishing (opposite of salvation) “destruction,” “perdition,” “ruin”	Recurring key term (2:1,3; 3:7,9,16) naming the false teachers’ and scoffers’ ultimate fate — the antonym of उद्धार (salvation).	[NEW] विनाश (vināśa). Risk: High. Must be read as punitive divine judgment on unrepented sin, not as a desired dissolution of individual identity (contrast with any reading that would assimilate this to a longed-for absorption/annihilation of the self).
δεσπότης despotēs master, absolute owner	one with absolute authority/ownership (distinct Greek word from κύριος) “Master,” “Lord"	"Even denying the Master who bought them” (2:1) — Christ’s ownership-right over believers grounded in his costly purchase of them.	[NEW] स्वामी (svāmī, “master/owner”). Risk: Medium. Note: स्वामी is deliberately reserved by the baseline for contexts other than κύριος/प्रभु; since δεσπότης is a distinct Greek lemma from κύριος, स्वामी may be used here without contradicting the baseline’s प्रभु reservation — but this distinction must be documented so translators do not confuse the two Greek words’ Hindi renderings.
ἀγοράζω (ἀγοράσαντα) agorazō to buy, purchase	to acquire ownership at a price ”bought,” “purchased”	The false teachers deny the Master who purchased them at a price — an atonement-adjacent purchase metaphor.	[NEW] मूल्य देकर खरीदना (mūlya dekara kharīdanā, “to buy at a price”). Risk: Medium. Keep tethered to the costliness of the purchase (Christ’s death), not a bare commercial transaction.
βλασφημέω blasphēmeō to blaspheme, slander	to speak abusively/slanderously, especially of the divine ”blaspheme,” “slander,” “revile”	The false teachers “blaspheme the glorious ones” (2:10) and the way of truth is blasphemed because of them (2:2).	[NEW] निन्दा करना (nindā karanā). Risk: Medium.
ἀσέλγεια aselgeia licentiousness, sensuality, debauchery	unrestrained self-indulgent immorality ”sensuality,” “licentiousness,” “debauchery”	The false teachers’ immoral lifestyle, which many will follow (2:2).	[NEW] स्वच्छंदता (svacchandatā, “unrestrained self-indulgence”). Risk: Medium.
ὁδὸς τῆς ἀληθείας hodos tēs alētheias the way of truth	the single, true path of Christian teaching/life ”the way of truth”	2:2 — the exclusive true way, brought into disrepute by the false teachers’ conduct.	[NEW] सत्य का मार्ग (satya kā mārga). Risk: Medium. Note: मार्ग (“way/path”) is standard NT Hindi usage (e.g., John 14:6), but in India’s pluralist environment must be explicitly understood as the one exclusive way, not one mārga among the classical three (karma-, jñāna-, bhakti-mārga) — parallel to the baseline’s truth_of_the_gospel guardrail.
κρίμα (οὐκ ἀργεῖ) krima (ouk argei) judgment/condemnation (is not idle)	a legal verdict; here, personified as active and inevitable ”condemnation,” “judgment”	2:3 — judgment against the false teachers has “long been preparing” and is not delayed indefinitely.	[NEW] दण्ड/न्याय (daṇḍa/nyāya). Risk: Medium.
ταρταρόω (ταρταρώσας) tartaroō to cast into Tartarus	to confine in Tartarus, the Greek mythological abyss reserved for rebellious divine/semi-divine beings (the Titans) “cast into hell,” “cast into Tartarus,” “cast down to gloomy dungeons”	2:4 — God’s judicial confinement of the angels who sinned, held “until the judgment.”	[NEW] अंधकार के गड्ढों में डाल दिया (andhakāra ke gaḍḍhoṅ meṅ ḍāla diyā, “cast into pits of darkness”) — a descriptive periphrasis rather than a transliteration or borrowing of either the Greek mythological name or a Hindu term. Risk: Critical. Double collision hazard: (1) the Greek term itself names a pagan mythological place (Tartarus, holding the Titans), which if transliterated could read as an endorsement of that mythology; (2) a natural Hindi equivalent would reach for नरक (naraka), but Hindu narak is typically a graded, temporary, karma-calibrated purgatorial system from which a being may eventually be released into a new rebirth — the opposite of this text’s picture of a holding-place of fixed confinement pending one final judgment. Mandatory theologian review; translator note required distinguishing this as a real place/state of angelic confinement under God’s judicial authority, not a mythological underworld or a temporary karmic purgatory.
σειρὰ ζόφου seira zophou chain of darkness/gloom	binding restraint in deep gloom ”chains of darkness,” “chains of gloom”	Describes the confinement of the sinning angels (2:4).	[NEW] अंधकार की जंजीरें (andhakāra kī jañjīreṅ). Risk: Low.
κατακλυσμός kataklysmos flood, deluge	the Genesis Flood specifically; any great inundation ”flood,” “deluge”	2:5 — God’s judgment on “the ancient world” by flood, paired with Noah’s rescue.	[NEW] जलप्रलय (jalapralaya, “flood-deluge”). Risk: High. जलप्रलय is the natural and established Hindi rendering, but its second element, प्रलय, is also the name of Hindu cosmology’s cyclical cosmic dissolution (mahāpralaya) at the close of a kalpa, followed by re-creation — an endlessly repeating cycle. 2 Peter’s flood, by contrast, is a single, historical, linear event within an unrepeating history moving toward one final judgment (ch. 3). Mandatory translator note distinguishing this linear, one-time historical judgment from the cyclical pralaya cosmology, wherever the flood is discussed (2:5; 3:6).
δικαιοσύνης κῆρυξ dikaiosynēs kēryx preacher of righteousness	one who proclaims/heralds righteousness ”a preacher of righteousness”	Noah’s role (2:5) — reuses धार्मिकता.	[TM-REUSE] धार्मिकता (righteousness) + प्रचारक (preacher, new/Low risk). Risk: High (via धार्मिकता).
Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα Sodoma kai Gomorra Sodom and Gomorrah	the two judged cities of Genesis 19 ”Sodom and Gomorrah”	2:6 — reduced to ashes as an “example” (ὑπόδειγμα) of coming judgment on the ungodly.	Proper names: सदोम और गमोरा (established Hindi Bible OT forms). Risk: Low.
δίκαιος (Λώτ) dikaios (Lōt) righteous (Lot)	one accounted righteous ”righteous Lot”	2:7-8 — Lot’s rescue as evidence God knows how to deliver the godly amid judgment.	[TM-REUSE] धार्मिकता root → धार्मिक (adj.) applied to लूत (Lot, proper name, established form). Risk: Medium.
κυριότης kyriotēs dominion, lordship, authority	rule/sovereign authority (abstract noun, related to κύριος but distinct from it) “dominion,” “authority,” “lordship”	2:10 — the false teachers “despise dominion” (authority structures, whether angelic or divinely-instituted).	[NEW] प्रभुता (prabhutā, “dominion/authority”), built on the प्रभु root consistent with the baseline’s यीशु का राजत्व pattern. Risk: Medium.
δόξαι (βλασφημοῦντες) doxai glories; glorious ones	honored/exalted beings, likely angelic powers ”glorious ones,” “celestial beings”	2:10 — even angels do not blaspheme these beings in bringing judgment (contrast with the false teachers’ reckless slander).	[TM-REUSE] महिमा root → महिमावन्त प्राणी (glorious beings). Risk: Medium. Note: does not imply these beings are objects of worship; the point is restraint in speech, not veneration.
ἄλογα ζῷα aloga zōa irrational animals	non-rational, instinct-driven creatures ”irrational animals,” “unreasoning creatures”	2:12 — the false teachers behave like brute animals, driven by instinct toward destruction.	[NEW] अबुद्धि पशु (abuddhi paśu). Risk: Low.
μισθὸς ἀδικίας misthos adikias wages of unrighteousness	payment/recompense earned by wrongdoing ”wages of unrighteousness,” “reward of wrongdoing”	2:13,15 — the false teachers’ and Balaam’s ill-gotten reward.	[NEW] अधार्मिकता की मजदूरी (adhārmikatā kī majadūrī), built by negating the TM धार्मिकता (righteousness). Risk: Medium. Rejected: अधर्म — the baseline explicitly rejects अधर्म for the “sin” family since it names dharma’s direct opposite within Hindu cosmic-order thinking; अधार्मिकता (negated धार्मिकता) keeps the term inside the already-established, doctrine-safe root.
Βαλαάμ Balaam Balaam	the OT prophet-for-hire of Numbers 22-24 ”Balaam”	2:15-16 — cited as a historical example of a corrupted “prophet” motivated by profit.	Proper name: बिलाम (established Hindi Bible OT form). Risk: Low.
πηγαὶ ἄνυδροι / ὁμίχλαι pēgai anydroi / homichlai waterless springs / mists	dried-up springs; driven mists — figures for emptiness/futility ”waterless springs,” “mists driven by a storm”	2:17 — figures for the false teachers’ hollow promise of substance that delivers nothing.	[NEW] सूखे कुण्ड / बादल (sūkhe kuṇḍa / bādala). Risk: Low.
ὑπέρογκα (λόγοι) hyperogka (logoi) inflated, bombastic (words)	grandiose, hollow, boastful speech ”loud boasts,” “bombastic words”	2:18 — the false teachers’ impressive-sounding but empty rhetoric.	[NEW] बड़े-बड़े बड़बोले वचन (baṛe-baṛe baṛabole vacana). Risk: Low.
δελεάζω deleazō to entice, lure, bait	to lure with bait (fishing/hunting metaphor) “entice,” “lure,” “seduce”	2:14,18 — the false teachers’ method of drawing in unstable people.	[NEW] फंसाना/ललचाना (phaṅsānā/lalacānā). Risk: Low.
ἐλευθερία (ἐπαγγελλόμενοι) eleutheria (epangellomenoi) freedom (promising)	liberty, release from bondage ”freedom,” “liberty”	2:19 — the false teachers promise freedom while themselves enslaved — a direct, ironic echo of the Galatians freedom/slavery antithesis, now weaponized as a false teacher’s false promise.	[TM-REUSE — MANDATORY] स्वतंत्रता (Galatians baseline; NEVER मुक्ति/मोक्ष). Risk: Critical. This reuse is doctrinally essential: 2 Peter 2:19 is functioning as a direct, ironic inversion of the very freedom Galatians establishes as Christ’s genuine gift — false teachers offer a counterfeit version of exactly this term, and the Hindi rendering must be identical across both curricula for the irony to register at all.
δοῦλος (φθορᾶς) doulos (phthoras) slave (of corruption)	one enslaved to/owned by corruption ”slaves of corruption”	2:19 — the false teachers, despite promising freedom, are themselves enslaved to moral decay.	[TM-REUSE] दास/दासत्व (Galatians baseline) + विनाश/भ्रष्टता (corruption, this book). Risk: Critical, for the same reason as ἐλευθερία above — the freedom/slavery antithesis must remain audible using the identical vocabulary established in Galatians.
ἐπίγνωσις (again, 2:20-21) epignōsis full/precise knowledge	see Chapter 1 entry ”knowledge”	The false teachers/apostates once had (or claimed) knowledge of the Lord and Savior but are now entangled again — raising the sobering possibility that professed knowledge can be abandoned.	[NEW, see Chapter 1 entry] ज्ञान/पहचान. Risk: Critical (same jñāna-mārga collision as above; heightened here because the passage discusses apostasy from this knowledge).
κύων (ἐπιστρέψας ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον ἐξέραμα) kyōn dog (returning to its own vomit)	a proverb (citing Proverbs 26:11) describing a return to prior degrading behavior ”a dog returns to its own vomit”	2:22 — a vivid proverb describing apostate false teachers’ relapse into their former corruption.	Idiom — render concretely per the established Hindi Proverbs 26:11 tradition: “जैसा कुत्ता अपनी कै को फिर खाता है.” Risk: Low — must not be softened or sanitized; the idiom’s vividness is intentional.
ὗς (λουσαμένη εἰς κυλισμὸν βορβόρου) hys sow (washed, returning to wallow in mire)	a companion proverb describing the same relapse ”a sow, after washing, returns to wallow in the mire”	2:22 — reinforces the dog proverb with a second vivid image.	Idiom — render concretely: “नहाई हुई सूअरनी फिर कीचड़ में लोटने लगती है.” Risk: Low.

Chapter 3 (The Certainty of Christ’s Return, the Day of the Lord, Patience of God’s Timing)

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Hindi Rendering & Risk
ἐμπαίκτης (ἐμπαῖκται) empaiktēs (empaiktai) mocker, scoffer	one who ridicules/derides ”scoffers,” “mockers”	3:3 — scoffers arise “in the last days,” denying the certainty of Christ’s return; frames the entire chapter’s argument.	[NEW] उपहास करनेवाले (upahāsa karanevāle, “mockers”). Risk: High — the term itself is straightforward, but it names the doctrinal target of the whole chapter (denial of the parousia) and must not be softened into mere “skeptics” or “doubters,” which would understate the scoffers’ active ridicule.
ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ ἐπαγγελία τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ; pou estin hē epangelia tēs parousias autou Where is the promise of his coming?	the scoffers’ rhetorical challenge to the doctrine of Christ’s return ”Where is the promise of his coming?“	3:4 — the direct challenge this chapter answers; combines two already-flagged Critical/High terms.	[TM-REUSE + NEW combination] प्रतिज्ञा (promise, Galatians TM) + आगमन (parousia, this book, see 1:16). Risk: Critical (compound of two Critical/High terms).
κτίσις ktisis creation	the created order ”creation”	3:4 — “all things have continued as they were from the beginning of creation,” the scoffers’ (false) uniformitarian argument.	[TM-REUSE, cf. new_creation root] सृष्टि. Risk: Low.
κατακλύζω (κατακλυσθεὶς) katakluzō to flood, deluge (verb)	to be inundated/destroyed by flooding ”was deluged,” “was flooded”	3:6 — the pre-Flood world’s destruction by water, refuting the scoffers’ uniformitarian claim.	[NEW, cf. जलप्रलय entry above] जलप्रलय से नष्ट होना. Risk: High (same pralaya-cycle caution as Chapter 2).
πυρὶ τηρούμενοι pyri tēroumenoi kept/reserved for fire	held in reserve, awaiting a fiery judgment ”reserved for fire,” “being kept for fire”	3:7 — the present heavens and earth are being kept for the coming fire-judgment on “the day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly.”	[NEW] आग के लिये रखे गए हैं (āga ke liye rakhe gaye haiṅ). Risk: Medium.
ἡμέρα κρίσεως καὶ ἀπωλείας hēmera kriseōs kai apōleias day of judgment and destruction	the specific eschatological day of reckoning ”the day of judgment and destruction”	3:7 — names the object of the false teachers’/scoffers’ denial and the reality this chapter defends.	[NEW combination] न्याय और विनाश का दिन, using न्याय (judgment, Low/New) + विनाश (TM-established this book). Risk: High.
μακροθυμία / μακροθυμεῖ makrothymia / makrothymei patience, forbearance, long-suffering	slowness to punish/react; forbearing patience motivated by a purpose ”patience,” “longsuffering,” “forbearance”	3:9 — the Lord’s apparent “delay” is in fact intentional patience, “not wishing that any should perish, but that all should reach repentance” — the named curriculum doctrine “Patience of God’s Timing.”	[NEW] सहनशीलता (sahanaśīlatā, “forbearance/long-suffering”), deliberately distinguished from ὑπομονή’s धीरज (Chapter 1). Risk: High. Must not be read as impersonal cosmic delay or as divine indifference/fatalistic passivity — contrast with any framework in which the world’s unfolding proceeds automatically through impersonal cosmic time-cycles (yugas) irrespective of moral response; God’s patience here is personal, purposeful, and relationally motivated by a desire for repentance.
βούλομαι (βουλόμενός) boulomai to wish, will, desire	settled intention/desire ”wishing,” “desiring,” “willing”	3:9 — God’s expressed desire that none should perish, framing his patience.	[NEW] चाहना/इच्छा रखना (cāhanā/icchā rakhanā). Risk: Medium — touches the sensitive election/universal-offer tension already flagged as High/Critical in the baseline’s effectual_calling and election entries; render straightforwardly without resolving the systematic-theology tension in the text itself.
μετάνοια metanoia repentance	a turning of the whole mind/life toward God ”repentance”	3:9 — the purpose of God’s patience: giving space for repentance.	[TM-REUSE] मन फिराव. Risk: High.
ἡμέρα Κυρίου hēmera Kyriou day of the Lord	the specific, definite eschatological day of the Lord’s judgment and consummation ”the Day of the Lord”	3:10 — the named curriculum doctrine “The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment.”	[TM-REUSE + NEW combination] प्रभु (TM Critical) + दिन → प्रभु का दिन. Risk: High. Must be presented as a single, definite, certain, future historical event of judgment and renewal — not a mythological cyclically-recurring cosmic “day” (contrast with the Hindu “day of Brahmā,” a kalpa within an endless cosmic cycle), and not merely a symbolic or purely inward “awakening.”
κλέπτης kleptēs thief	one who steals, especially by stealth ”thief”	3:10 — “the day of the Lord will come like a thief,” i.e., suddenly and without advance warning.	[NEW] चोर (cora). Risk: Low/Medium — a simile, not a claim about literal theft; keep the comparison (“के समान,” “like a”) intact so the suddenness, not moral equivalence to theft, is what registers.
στοιχεῖα stoicheia elements, basic constituents	(a) the physical/material constituent elements of the cosmos, here; (b) elsewhere in the NT (Galatians 4:3,9), rudimentary religious/ritual principles ”elements,” “elemental substances”	3:10,12 — the material elements of the created universe will be dissolved/burned up in the Day of the Lord’s fire — a distinct sense of the same Greek word used in Galatians for “elemental principles.”	[NEW] मूलतत्व (mūlatattva, “basic elements/constituents”). Risk: High. Deliberately distinct from Galatians’ periphrastic rendering (संसार की आदि शिक्षा), since the senses differ and no direct collision with that entry exists — but तत्व itself carries strong resonance with Hindu Sāṅkhya/Vaiśeṣika elemental philosophy (the tattvas; the pañca mahābhūta, “five great elements”: earth, water, fire, air, ether/space), which are treated as eternal, cyclically-recurring metaphysical categories. Mandatory translator note: these are the one-time, historically-situated physical constituents of this created order, to be dissolved and replaced in a single, linear, final judgment-event — not eternal metaphysical categories recurring endlessly through cosmic cycles.
καινοὶ οὐρανοὶ καὶ γῆ καινή kainoi ouranoi kai gē kainē new heavens and new earth	the renewed, restored created order following the Day of the Lord’s judgment ”new heavens and a new earth”	3:13 — the positive goal of the judgment: not annihilation of creation but its purification and renewal, “in which righteousness dwells.”	[NEW] नया आकाश और नई पृथ्वी (nayā ākāśa aura naī pṛthvī), built on the established नई सृष्टि (new_creation) root. Risk: High. Must be understood as (a) a real, physical, historically-situated renewed creation, continuous with — not a rejection of — the created physical order, and (b) a single, final, linear consummation, not one recreation-cycle among an endless series of cosmic dissolutions and re-creations (mahāpralaya cycles) as in Hindu cosmology, nor a purely non-physical/spiritual afterlife realm that devalues the created physical world.
δικαιοσύνη (κατοικεῖ) dikaiosynē (katoikei) righteousness (dwells)	right standing/moral order permanently established ”righteousness dwells”	3:13 — the defining character of the renewed creation.	[TM-REUSE] धार्मिकता. Risk: Critical.
ἄσπιλος καὶ ἀμώμητος aspilos kai amōmētos without spot and blameless	morally unblemished, without fault ”without spot or blemish,” “blameless”	3:14 — the ethical goal for believers awaiting the Day of the Lord.	[NEW] निष्कलंक और निर्दोष (niṣkalaṅka aura nirdoṣa). Risk: Medium.
σωτηρία sōtēria salvation	deliverance/reconciliation through Christ ”salvation”	3:15 — Paul’s letters, too, speak of “the patience of our Lord as salvation,” linking God’s patience directly to the salvation doctrine.	[TM-REUSE] उद्धार. Risk: Critical.
Παῦλος (ὁ ἀγαπητὸς ἀδελφός) Paulos Paul (the beloved brother)	proper name; fellow apostle ”our beloved brother Paul”	3:15 — direct cross-reference to Paul’s letters as a body of authoritative teaching, alongside Peter’s own.	Proper name: पौलुस (established Hindi Bible form per the shared transliteration standard). Risk: Low.
γραφαί graphai writings; Scriptures	the plural of γραφή — the collected, authoritative body of Scripture ”the Scriptures”	3:16 — 2 Peter’s single most historically significant statement: Paul’s letters are classed alongside “the other Scriptures,” an early explicit canon-consciousness statement, directly load-bearing for the “Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture” doctrine.	[TM-REUSE] पवित्रशास्त्र (see 1:20 entry). Risk: Critical.
δυσνόητα dysnoēta hard to understand	difficult, obscure passages ”hard to understand,” “difficult to understand”	3:16 — an honest acknowledgment that some of Paul’s writing is difficult, not a qualification of its full inspiration/authority.	[NEW] कठिन/दुर्बोध (kaṭhina/durbodha). Risk: Medium — must not be softened into implying reduced authority; difficulty of comprehension is distinguished from reliability of source.
στρεβλόω (στρεβλοῦσιν) strebloō to twist, distort	to wrench/torture a text out of its true meaning ”twist,” “distort”	3:16 — the untaught and unstable “twist” Scripture, including Paul’s letters, to their own destruction — a direct warning against irresponsible interpretation, echoing 1:20’s ἐπίλυσις concern.	[NEW] मोड़-तोड़ करना / तोड़-मोड़ करना (moṛa-toṛa karanā). Risk: High — ties directly back to the inspiration-of-Scripture doctrine’s concern for correct, Spirit-guided (not self-originated) interpretation, with real consequences (destruction, ἀπώλεια) for misuse.
ἀμαθεῖς καὶ ἀστήρικτοι amatheis kai astēriktoi untaught and unstable	uninstructed, lacking doctrinal grounding ”untaught and unstable”	3:16 — those most vulnerable to misinterpreting Scripture and being drawn into the false teachers’ error.	[NEW] अज्ञानी और अस्थिर (ajñānī aura asthira). Risk: Medium.
πλάνη planē error, wandering, deception	being led astray from truth ”error,” “deception”	3:17 — the danger against which believers are warned, that they not be “carried away with the error of lawless people.”	[NEW] भ्रम/त्रुटि (bhrama/truṭi). Risk: Low.
στηριγμός stērigmos firmness, stability	steadfast grounding ”stability,” “firm standing”	3:17 — the positive counterpart to falling from stability, i.e., being firmly grounded.	[NEW] स्थिरता (sthiratā). Risk: Low.
αὐξάνω (ἐν χάριτι καὶ γνώσει) auxanō (en chariti kai gnōsei) to grow (in grace and knowledge)	ongoing, progressive growth ”grow in grace and knowledge”	3:18 — the letter’s closing exhortation and benediction, combining two of the book’s central terms (grace and knowledge/epignōsis) into its final positive charge.	[TM-REUSE + NEW combination] अनुग्रह (TM, High) + ज्ञान (this book, Critical, see Chapter 1 entry). Risk: Critical — the letter’s final verse deliberately reprises its most doctrinally loaded term (epignōsis/gnōsis); the mandatory translator note on ज्ञान applies here with full force as the book’s closing word.
δόξα (εἰς ἡμέραν αἰῶνος) doxa (eis hēmeran aiōnos) glory (to the day of eternity)	doxological ascription of glory ”to him be the glory… to the day of eternity”	3:18 — the closing doxology ascribing glory to Christ.	[TM-REUSE] महिमा. Risk: High (per baseline).

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Summary Note on Full-Book Coverage

All three chapters of 2 Peter have been analyzed: the core passage (1:16-21) verse by verse; the remainder of Chapter 1 (1:1-15); the whole of Chapter 2; and the whole of Chapter 3. No chapter of 2 Peter lacks load-bearing theological vocabulary — unlike some longer epistles, this short, dense letter introduces new terminology in every chapter. The Hindu religious-vocabulary collision zones identified (bhakti/eusebeia; jñāna/epignōsis; guṇa/aretē; tattva/stoicheia; pralaya/kataklysmos; nāraka/Tartarus; avatāra/parousia) are distinct from, and in most cases more severe than, the karma/moksha collisions dominant in the Romans/Galatians baseline, with the notable exception of the deliberate, doctrinally load-bearing reuse of स्वतंत्रता (freedom) and दास/दासत्व (slavery) at 2:19, where 2 Peter itself weaponizes the Galatians antithesis.