Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Timothy (English–Hindi)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entire book of 2 Timothy (chapters 1–4), with proposed Hindi renderings, risk tiers, and citations. Terms already fixed in the baseline translation_memory.json (Romans/Galatians) are marked [TM REUSE] and MUST use the exact recorded rendering — no deviation is permitted. New terms proposed here are candidates for addition to translation memory pending Phase 2 theologian adjudication.
Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys essential doctrine; mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
- High — significant theological confusion/syncretism risk; mandatory theologian review.
- Medium — reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision risk; automated review sufficient.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (no deviation permitted)
| English Term | Hindi Rendering | Risk (baseline) | 2 Timothy Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | सुसमाचार | High | 1:8, 1:10, 2:8 |
| grace | अनुग्रह | High | 1:2, 1:9, 2:1, 4:22 |
| faith | विश्वास | High | 1:5, 1:13, 2:18, 2:22, 3:8, 3:10, 3:15, 4:7 |
| righteousness | धार्मिकता | Critical | 2:22, 3:16, 4:8 |
| salvation | उद्धार | Critical | 2:10, 3:15, 4:18 |
| apostle | प्रेरित | Medium | 1:1, 1:11 |
| called / calling | बुलाए हुए / बुलाहट | High | 1:9 |
| holy | पवित्र | High | 1:9, 1:14, 3:15 |
| sanctification | पवित्रीकरण | High | 2:21 |
| resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | 2:8, 2:18 |
| lord | प्रभु | Critical | throughout (1:2, 1:8, 1:16, 1:18, 2:7, 2:19, 2:22, 2:24, 4:8, 4:14, 4:17, 4:18, 4:22) |
| peace | शांति | Medium | 1:2, 2:22 |
| thanksgiving | धन्यवाद | Low | 1:3 |
| gentiles | अन्यजाति | Medium | 4:17 |
| glory | महिमा | High | 2:10, 4:18 |
| power_of_god | परमेश्वर की सामर्थ्य (सामर्थ्य) | High | 1:7, 1:8, 3:5 |
| messiah / christ | मसीह | Critical | throughout (“Christ Jesus” = मसीह यीशु) |
| election | परमेश्वर का चुनाव | High | 2:10 |
| david | दाऊद | Low | 2:8 |
| seed_of_david | दाऊद के वंश से | Medium | 2:8 |
| jesus | यीशु | Critical | throughout |
| god | परमेश्वर | Critical | throughout |
| holy_spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 1:14 |
| father | पिता | High | 1:2 |
| exhort | प्रोत्साहित करना | Low | 4:2 |
| mercy | दया | Medium | 1:2, 1:16, 1:18 |
| repentance | मन फिराव | High | 2:25 |
| conscience | विवेक | High | 1:3 |
| promise | प्रतिज्ञा | High | 1:1 |
| in_christ | मसीह में | High | 1:1, 1:9, 1:13, 2:1, 2:10, 3:12, 3:15 |
| truth_of_the_gospel (सच्चाई pattern) | सच्चाई | High | 2:15, 2:18, 2:25, 3:7, 3:8, 4:4 |
| slavery (दास pattern, positive re-use) | दास | Medium | 2:24 (positive honorific use — see note in 07) |
| sorcery (जादू-टोना pattern) | धोखेबाज़/जादूगर | Medium | 3:13 |
| restore_gently (नम्रता) | नम्रता | Low | 2:25 |
| boasting (घमण्ड root) | घमण्डी | Low | 3:2 |
| doxology (महिमा-गान pattern) | महिमा सदा सर्वदा | Medium | 4:18 |
| amen | आमीन | Low | 4:18 |
| kingdom_of_god (राज्य pattern) | राज्य / स्वर्गीय राज्य | Medium–High | 4:1, 4:18 |
| spiritual_gifts (आत्मिक वरदान pattern) | परमेश्वर का वरदान | Medium | 1:6 |
| works_of_the_law (काम, never कर्म) | काम | High | 3:17, 4:14 |
Section B — New Terms Introduced in 2 Timothy
B.1 Critical Risk
| English Term | Greek | Hindi Rendering | Transliteration | Doctrine | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scripture / all Scripture | γραφή / πᾶσα γραφή | पवित्रशास्त्र | pavitraśāstra | Inspiration & Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:15 (ἱερὰ γράμματα), 3:16 | NEVER bare शास्त्र (implies Hindu religious treatise generally). Foundational verse; identical rendering required across all documents. |
| God-breathed | θεόπνευστος | परमेश्वर की प्रेरणा से | Parameśvara kī preraṇā se | Inspiration & Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:16 | NEVER श्रुति (Hindu “heard” eternal revelation to sages). Hapax legomenon; mandatory theologian review and translator note every occurrence. |
| sound doctrine / sound teaching | ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας | खरी शिक्षा | kharī śikṣā | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 4:3 (cf. 1:13 ὑγιαινόντων λόγων) | Central to the whole letter; must not be flattened to generic “good teaching.” Track ὑγιαίνω consistently across 1:13, 4:3. |
| appearing (of Christ) | ἐπιφάνεια | प्रकटन / प्रकट होना | prakaṭana / prakaṭa honā | Assurance of Reward; Deity/Return of Christ | 1:10, 4:1, 4:8 | NEVER अवतार. Distinct Greek word from देहधारण (incarnation); covers both first and second appearings of a single unique Person. |
| in the last days | ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις | अंतिम दिन | antima dina | Apostasy & False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:1 | Major collision risk with Hindu Kali Yuga cyclical-decline cosmology; must convey a unique, linear, final period, not a repeating fated cosmic age. Mandatory translator note. |
| form of godliness [denying its power] | μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας… τὴν δύναμιν ἠρνημένοι | भक्ति का रूप… सामर्थ्य का इन्कार | bhakti kā rūpa… sāmarthya kā inkāra | Apostasy & False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:5 | भक्ति collides directly with Hindu bhakti-mārga devotional theology; mandatory translator note distinguishing gospel-produced godliness from bhakti as one interchangeable path among several. |
| crown of righteousness | ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος | धार्मिकता का मुकुट | dhārmikatā kā mukuṭa | Assurance of Reward | 4:8 | Must be read as the righteous Judge’s gracious commendation of a faith-righteousness already granted, never a merit-earned reward (guard against कर्म-फल collision). |
B.2 High Risk
| English Term | Greek | Hindi Rendering | Transliteration | Doctrine | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the deposit / what has been entrusted | παραθήκη | धरोहर | dharohara | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:12, 1:14 | Fixed, unchanging trust to be preserved intact and passed on; contrast with guru-paramparā adaptive-tradition model in translator notes. |
| complete / proficient | ἄρτιος | सम्पूर्ण / योग्य | sampūrṇa / yogya | Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:17 | NEVER सिद्ध (Hindu “perfected sage/yogi”). |
| man of God | ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος | परमेश्वर का जन | Parameśvara kā jana | Sufficiency of Scripture; Ministry | 3:17 | Avoid भक्त (bhakti-devotee framing); OT prophetic-office echo. |
| good work | ἔργον ἀγαθόν | भला काम | bhalā kāma | Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:17; cf. 4:14 (κατὰ τὰ ἔργα) | NEVER कर्म — see baseline works_of_the_law convention, applies even outside justification polemic. |
| I solemnly charge | διαμαρτύρομαι | गम्भीरता से आज्ञा देना | gambhīratā se ājñā denā | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:1 | Judicial solemnity before God/Christ as witnesses, not casual advice. |
| judge the living and the dead | κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς | जीवितों और मृतकों का न्याय करना | jīvitoṃ aura mṛtakoṃ kā nyāya karanā | The Charge to Preach the Word; Judgment | 4:1 | Personal, moral verdict, not impersonal cosmic law. |
| preach the word | κήρυξον τὸν λόγον | वचन का प्रचार कर | vacana kā pracāra kara | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:2 | Authoritative herald-proclamation; वचन never diluted to बात. |
| itching ears | κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν | जिनके कान खुजलाते हैं | jinake kāna khujalāte haiṃ | Apostasy & False Teachers in the Last Days | 4:3 | Retain vivid idiom; native speaker review for naturalness. |
| truth [vs. myths] | ἀλήθεια | सच्चाई | saccāī | Apostasy & False Teachers in the Last Days | 4:4 (cf. 2:15, 2:18, 2:25, 3:7-8) | [TM REUSE pattern] Objective singular truth, not “a perspective,” given India’s religious pluralism. |
| myths | μῦθος | कल्पित कहानियाँ | kalpita kahāniyāṃ | Apostasy & False Teachers in the Last Days | 4:4 | Translator note distinguishing from wholesale dismissal of Indian itihāsa/purāṇa literature. |
| endure suffering | κακοπάθησον / συγκακοπάθησον | दुख सहना / कष्ट उठाना | dukha sahanā / kaṣṭa uṭhānā | Perseverance under Suffering | 1:8, 2:3, 2:9, 4:5 | Render consistently across all four occurrences; suffering endured in union with Christ/Paul, not self-sought asceticism. |
| endurance / patient endurance | ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω | धीरज / सहनशीलता | dhīraja / sahanaśīlatā | Perseverance under Suffering | 2:12, 3:10 | Track consistently with the crown-reward promise (2:12). |
| God remains faithful | πιστὸς μένει | वह विश्वासयोग्य रहता है | vaha viśvāsayogya rahatā hai | Assurance of Reward | 2:13 | God’s own unwavering faithfulness, distinct from human विश्वास; not contingent on human faithlessness. |
| the word of God is not bound | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται | परमेश्वर का वचन बंधा नहीं है | Parameśvara kā vacana baṃdhā nahīṃ hai | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 2:9 | The gospel’s advance is independent of the messenger’s circumstances. |
| rightly handling the word of truth | ὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας | सच्चाई के वचन को ठीक-ठीक व्यक्त करनेवाला | saccāī ke vacana ko ṭhīka-ṭhīka vyakta karanevālā | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:15 | Doctrinal precision, avoiding both literalism and distortion. |
| pattern of sound words | ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων | खरे वचनों का नमूना | kharē vacanoṃ kā namūnā | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 1:13 | Reuses खरा (sound doctrine family). |
| knowledge of the truth | ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας | सच्चाई को पहचानना | saccāī ko pahacānanā | Apostasy & False Teachers | 2:25, 3:7 | Avoid bare ज्ञान (jñāna-mārga collision); prefer relational verb-phrase. |
| self-control / sound mind | σωφρονισμός | आत्म-नियंत्रण | ātma-niyantraṇa | Divine Empowerment | 1:7 | NEVER संयम (Patanjali’s technical yogic meditation term). |
| lived godly [in Christ] | εὐσεβῶς ζῆν | भक्ति से जीना | bhakti se jīnā | Perseverance under Suffering; Apostasy | 3:12 | Reuses भक्ति (see B.1 Critical); “all who desire” — universal principle. |
| loved his appearing | ἀγαπήσασι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ | उसके प्रकट होने से प्रेम रखनेवाले | usake prakaṭa hone se prema rakhanevāle | Assurance of Reward | 4:8 | Reuses ἐπιφάνεια caution (B.1 Critical). |
| he will repay according to his deeds | ἀποδώσει κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ | उसके कामों के अनुसार बदला देगा | usake kāmoṃ ke anusāra badalā degā | Assurance of Reward | 4:14 | NEVER कर्म. |
| poured out [as a libation] | σπένδομαι | मेरा जीवन बलिदान के रूप में उंडाला जा रहा है | merā jīvana balidāna ke rūpa meṃ uṃḍālā jā rahā hai | Perseverance under Suffering; Assurance of Reward | 4:6 | AVOID अर्घ्य/अर्पण (Hindu puja ritual-offering nouns); use descriptive verbal phrase. |
| I have fought the good fight / finished the race / kept the faith | τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι / τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα / τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα | मैंने अच्छी लड़ाई लड़ी है / मैंने दौड़ पूरी की है / मैंने विश्वास को बनाए रखा है | — | Assurance of Reward | 4:7 | Summary triad; πίστιν reuses [TM REUSE — faith]. |
| the righteous judge | ὁ δίκαιος κριτής | धर्मी न्यायी | dharmī nyāyī | Assurance of Reward | 4:8 | Reuses धर्मी from baseline justification. |
B.3 Medium Risk
| English Term | Greek | Hindi Rendering | Doctrine | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| promise of life | ἐπαγγελία ζωῆς | जीवन की प्रतिज्ञा | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:1 |
| clean/pure conscience | καθαρὰ συνείδησις | शुद्ध विवेक | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:3 |
| unfeigned/sincere faith | ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις | निष्कपट विश्वास | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:5 |
| laying on of hands | ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν | हाथ रखना | Ministry Ordination | 1:6 |
| spirit of fear | πνεῦμα δειλίας | भय की भावना | Divine Empowerment | 1:7 |
| ashamed | ἐπαισχύνομαι | लज्जित होना | Perseverance under Suffering | 1:8, 1:12, 1:16 |
| testimony | μαρτύριον | गवाही | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:8 |
| herald / preacher | κήρυξ | प्रचारक | The Charge to Preach the Word | 1:11 |
| teacher | διδάσκαλος | शिक्षक | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 1:11, 4:3 |
| be strengthened [in grace] | ἐνδυναμοῦ | अनुग्रह में सामर्थ्य पा | Perseverance under Suffering | 2:1 |
| soldier / athlete / farmer | στρατιώτης / ἀθλέω / γεωργός | सिपाही / प्रतिस्पर्धा करना / किसान | Perseverance under Suffering | 2:3-6 |
| crown | στέφανος | मुकुट | Assurance of Reward | 2:5; cf. 4:8 |
| faithful saying | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | यह वचन विश्वासयोग्य है | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:11 |
| died/live/endure/reign with [Christ] | συναποθνήσκω/συζάω/ὑπομένω/συμβασιλεύω | साथ मरे-जीएँ, सहते-राज्य करें | Perseverance under Suffering; Assurance of Reward | 2:11-12 |
| quarrel about words | λογομαχεῖν | वचनों पर वाद-विवाद करना | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:14 |
| profane empty talk | βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι | अपवित्र बकवास | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:16 |
| gangrene [spreading error] | γάγγραινα | सड़ाहट फैलाने वाला रोग | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:17 |
| firm foundation | ὁ στερεὸς θεμέλιος | दृढ़ नींव | Assurance of Reward | 2:19 |
| seal | σφραγίς | मुहर | Assurance of Reward | 2:19 |
| unrighteousness/injustice | ἀδικία | अधार्मिकता | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:19 |
| vessel for honor/dishonor | σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν/ἀτιμίαν | आदर/अनादर के लिये पात्र | Church Purity | 2:20-21 |
| youthful passions | ἐπιθυμίαι νεωτερικαί | जवानी की अभिलाषाएँ | Perseverance under Suffering | 2:22 |
| the Lord’s servant | δοῦλος Κυρίου | प्रभु का दास | Ministry | 2:24 |
| the devil’s snare | τοῦ διαβόλου παγίς | शैतान का जाल | Apostasy & False Teachers | 2:26 |
| difficult/perilous times | καιροὶ χαλεποί | कठिन समय | Apostasy & False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:1 |
| vice list (self-lovers, money-lovers, etc.) | φίλαυτοι, φιλάργυροι, etc. | स्वार्थी, धन का लोभी, आदि | Apostasy & False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:2-4 |
| weak women loaded with sins | γυναικάρια σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις | दुर्बल स्त्रियाँ, पापों से लदी हुई | Apostasy & False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:6 |
| disqualified concerning the faith | ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν | विश्वास के विषय में निकम्मे | Apostasy & False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:8 |
| you have followed my teaching, conduct… | παρηκολούθησάς…τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ κτλ | तूने मेरी शिक्षा, चाल-चलन… को ध्यान से देखा है | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 3:10 |
| persecutions, sufferings | διωγμοί, παθήματα | सताव, दुख | Perseverance under Suffering | 3:11 |
| rescued/delivered | ῥύομαι | बचाना/छुड़ाना | Assurance of Reward | 3:11, 4:17-18 |
| impostors/sorcerers | γόητες | धोखेबाज़/जादूगर | Apostasy & False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:13 |
| be sober | νῆφε | सचेत रह | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:5 |
| evangelist | εὐαγγελιστής | सुसमाचार प्रचारक | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:5 |
| ministry | διακονία | सेवा | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:5 |
| present age/world | ὁ νῦν αἰών | यह संसार | Apostasy; Assurance of Reward | 4:10 |
| the message/proclamation | κήρυγμα | प्रचार/संदेश | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:17 |
| the Lord be with your spirit | ὁ Κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου | प्रभु तेरी आत्मा के साथ रहे | Closing Benediction | 4:22 |
B.4 Low Risk
| English Term | Greek | Hindi Rendering | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| continue [in what you learned] | μένε | बना रहना | 3:14 |
| become convinced | ἐπιστώθης | निश्चय हो जाना | 3:14 |
| learned | ἔμαθες | सीखना | 3:14 |
| childhood | βρέφος | बालपन | 3:15 |
| make wise | σοφίσαι | बुद्धिमान बनाना | 3:15 |
| profitable | ὠφέλιμος | लाभदायक | 3:16 |
| reproof / reprove | ἐλεγμός / ἐλέγχω | उलाहना (देना) | 3:16, 4:2 |
| correction | ἐπανόρθωσις | सुधार | 3:16 |
| training | παιδεία | अनुशासन | 3:16 |
| equipped | ἐξηρτισμένος | तैयार किया गया | 3:17 |
| be ready | ἐπίστηθι | तैयार/स्थिर रहना | 4:2 |
| in season, out of season | εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως | अवसर हो या न हो | 4:2 |
| rebuke | ἐπιτίμησον | डपट | 4:2 |
| patience | μακροθυμία | धीरज | 4:2 |
| teaching (act/content) | διδαχή | शिक्षा | 4:2 |
| will endure/tolerate | ἀνέχομαι | सहना/बर्दाश्त करना | 4:3 |
| accumulate | ἐπισωρεύω | इकट्ठा करना | 4:3 |
| turn away | ἀποστρέφω | मुँह मोड़ना | 4:4 |
| fully carry out | πληροφόρησον | पूरी तरह पूरा करना | 4:5 |
| beloved child | τέκνον ἀγαπητόν | प्रिय पुत्र | 1:2 |
| fan into flame | ἀναζωπυρεῖν | फिर से जगाना | 1:6 |
| love | ἀγάπη | प्रेम | 1:7 |
| witness (person) | μάρτυς | गवाह | 2:2 |
| deny | ἀρνέομαι | इन्कार करना | 2:12-13 |
| avoid, turn away | ἀποτρέπου | दूर रहना | 3:5 |
| creep into houses | ἐνδύνοντες εἰς τὰς οἰκίας | चुपके से घुस जाना | 3:6 |
| corrupted in mind | κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν | मन के भ्रष्ट | 3:8 |
| progress [into worse] | προκόπτω | आगे बढ़ना (व्यंग्यात्मक) | 3:9, 3:13 |
| folly | ἄνοια | मूर्खता | 3:9 |
| deceiving and being deceived | πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι | भरमाना और धोखा खाना | 3:13 |
| departure [death] | ἀνάλυσις | मेरे जाने का समय | 4:6 |
| greet | ἀσπάζομαι | अभिवादन करना | 4:19-21 |
| Jannes and Jambres (proper names) | Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς | यन्नेस और याम्ब्रेस | 3:8 |
| Demas, Crescens, Titus, Luke, Mark, Alexander (proper names) | Δημᾶς, Κρήσκης, Τίτος, Λουκᾶς, Μᾶρκος, Ἀλέξανδρος | दिमास, क्रिसकेस, तीतुस, लूका, मरकुस, सिकन्दर | 4:10-14 |
| Antioch, Iconium, Lystra (proper names) | Ἀντιόχεια, Ἰκόνιον, Λύστρα | अन्ताकिया, इकुनियुम, लुस्त्रा | 3:11 |
Section C — Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Terms | Primary Citations |
|---|---|---|
| Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | πᾶσα γραφή, θεόπνευστος, ἱερὰ γράμματα, ἄρτιος, ἐξηρτισμένος | 3:15-17 |
| Perseverance under Suffering | κακοπάθησον/συγκακοπάθησον, ὑπομονή/ὑπομένω, στρατιώτης/ἀθλέω/γεωργός, ἐνδυναμοῦ, νῆφε | 1:8, 2:1-6, 2:12, 3:10-12, 4:5 |
| Guarding Sound Doctrine | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία, ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων, παραθήκη, ὀρθοτομοῦντα, βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι, γάγγραινα | 1:13-14, 2:15-17, 4:3 |
| Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | μανθάνω/ἐπιστώθης, παραθήκη, ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται, παρηκολούθησάς…τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ | 1:12-14, 2:2, 2:9, 3:10, 3:14 |
| The Charge to Preach the Word | διαμαρτύρομαι, κήρυξον τὸν λόγον, ἔλεγξον/ἐπιτίμησον/παρακάλεσον, εὐαγγελιστής, κήρυγμα | 4:1-5, 4:17 |
| Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις, [vice list 3:2-4], μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας, μῦθος, κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν, γόητες, πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι | 3:1-9, 3:13, 4:3-4 |
| Assurance of Reward | στέφανος, ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος, ὁ δίκαιος κριτής, τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι/τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα/τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα, συμβασιλεύσομεν, ἀποδώσει κατὰ τὰ ἔργα | 2:5, 2:12, 4:7-8, 4:14 |
This glossary feeds directly into Phase 2’s translation_memory.json update process. All terms marked Critical or High must receive a [TRANSLATOR NOTE] on first occurrence per the 12_ai_translation_requirements.md footnote convention, and must be routed to human theologian review per the escalation rules in that document, extended here to cover: ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις (Kali Yuga collision), εὐσέβεια/भक्ति (bhakti-mārga collision), ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας/ज्ञान (jñāna-mārga collision), σωφρονισμός (Patanjali samyama collision), ἄρτιος (siddha collision), θεόπνευστος (śruti collision), and σπένδομαι (puja-offering collision).
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, न्याय
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. NEVER धर्म. Occurs 2:22, 3:16, 4:8 (crown of righteousness).
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhāra
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. NEVER मुक्ति or मोक्ष. Occurs 2:10, 3:15, 4:18.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruttāna
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Heightened stakes in 2 Timothy: a named false teaching (2:18) claims ‘the resurrection has already happened.’ NEVER पुनर्जन्म. Occurs 2:8, 2:18.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: Prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर, यहोवा
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Never substitute यहोवा (Jehovah’s Witness NWT practice of demoting Christ’s Lordship). Occurs throughout: 1:2, 1:8, 1:16, 1:18, 2:7, 2:19, 2:22, 2:24, 4:8, 4:14, 4:17, 4:18, 4:22.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: Masīha
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त व्यक्ति, देव-दूत
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Used throughout as ‘Christ Jesus’ / ‘मसीह यीशु’.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा, ईशू
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Never ईसा (Islamicized Injil-adaptation form). Occurs throughout as ‘Christ Jesus’.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvara
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर, भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs throughout, including as witness of Paul’s charge (4:1) and source of Scripture (3:16).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा, देव-आत्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 1:14. Must be kept clearly distinct in translator notes from πνεῦμα δειλίας (‘spirit of fear,’ 1:7, a disposition) and ὁ Κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου (4:22, Timothy’s own human spirit) — the same Hindi word आत्मा covers all three referents in this short letter.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 1:2 (apostolic greeting).
Scripture
Approved rendering: पवित्रशास्त्र
Transliteration: pavitraśāstra
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: शास्त्र (bare)
Original: γραφή / ἱερὰ γράμματα
Category: Scripture
New term. Occurs 3:15 (ἱερὰ γράμματα) and 3:16 (πᾶσα γραφή), the letter’s doctrinal peak verse. NEVER bare शास्त्र, which in Hindu usage denotes any authoritative religious/philosophical treatise (Dharmashastra, Yogashastra, etc.) without the specific claim of unique divine authorship. Must be rendered identically across every occurrence in every Phase 2 document. Mandatory theologian review.
God Breathed
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर की प्रेरणा से (परमेश्वर-प्रेरित)
Transliteration: Parameśvara kī preraṇā se (Parameśvara-prerita)
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: श्रुति-adjacent noun-compound coinage
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture
New term (θεόπνευστος, hapax legomenon). Occurs 3:16. MUST be distinguished from श्रुति (śruti — the Vedas as eternal, uncreated sound directly perceived by ancient sages). Use the periphrastic verb-phrase, never a coined Sanskrit noun-compound that might sound like a scholarly parallel to श्रुति. Mandatory theologian review and translator note every occurrence.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: खरी शिक्षा
Transliteration: kharī śikṣā
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: अच्छी शिक्षा (generic ‘good teaching’), स्वस्थ शिक्षा (literal health-metaphor, unidiomatic)
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι
Category: Doctrine
New term (ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι). Occurs 1:13 (pattern of sound words), 4:3. Repurposes खरा (‘genuine, unadulterated’ — as of authentic vs. counterfeit coinage) to preserve Paul’s health/authenticity contrast; cross-reference with 3:8’s निकम्मे (disqualified/counterfeit) so the coinage-authenticity motif reads coherently. Central organizing metaphor of the whole letter. Mandatory theologian review.
Appearing
Approved rendering: प्रकटन / प्रकट होना
Transliteration: prakaṭana / prakaṭa honā
Doctrine: Resurrection and Appearing of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अवतार (avatāra), generic आना (‘coming’, loses visible-manifestation nuance)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Eschatology
New term (ἐπιφάνεια). Occurs 1:10, 4:1, 4:8. NEVER अवतार, per the baseline incarnation prohibition — this word covers both Christ’s first coming and his return as a single unique Person’s two appearings, never a deity’s periodic repeatable descent. Also never rendered to imply an already-occurred invisible appearing (Jehovah’s Witness 1914 parousia doctrine forbidden) — must retain a visible, future, bodily sense. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Last Days
Approved rendering: अंतिम दिन
Transliteration: antima dina
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: युग-based cyclical framing
Original: ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις
Category: Eschatology
New term (ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις). Occurs 3:1. Major collision risk: Hindu कलियुग (Kali Yuga) describes a near-identical vice-catalogue within a fixed, endlessly repeating cosmic cycle, unlike the biblical linear, unique, once-for-all-resolved final period. Mandatory translator note on every occurrence; never gloss using युग-vocabulary elsewhere in the letter (see present_age below).
Form Of Godliness
Approved rendering: भक्ति का रूप… सामर्थ्य का इन्कार
Transliteration: bhakti kā rūpa… sāmarthya kā inkāra
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας… τὴν δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι
Category: Apostasy
New term (μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας… τὴν δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι). Occurs 3:5; the underlying εὐσέβεια term recurs at 3:12 (lived_godly). भक्ति collides with Hindu bhakti-mārga devotional theology (one of three classical liberation paths). No safe substitute exists — भक्ति is too established in Hindi Bible tradition to replace. Mandatory translator note on every occurrence clarifying gospel godliness is grace-produced devotion to the one true God through Christ, not one interchangeable devotional path.
Crown Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता का मुकुट
Transliteration: dhārmikatā kā mukuṭa
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: कर्म-फल framed reward
Original: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος
Category: Reward
New term (ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος). Occurs 4:8, reusing στέφανος (2:5) and धार्मिकता [TM]. Must be the righteous Judge’s gracious commendation of a faith-relationship already granted (3:15-16), given to ‘all who have loved his appearing’ — NOT a merit-crown earned by accumulated deeds. Mandatory theologian review to prevent a कर्म-फल reading.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamācar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: खुशखबरी, शुभ सन्देश
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Established BSI OV term; do not use colloquial alternatives. Occurs 2 Timothy 1:8, 1:10, 2:8.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, वरदान, भाग्य, कर्म-फल, पुण्य
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Must convey unmerited favor apart from human merit. 2 Timothy 1:9 (‘not because of our works but because of his own purpose and grace’) is the letter’s clearest grace/works antithesis. Occurs 1:2, 1:9, 2:1, 4:22.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, आस्था, भरोसा
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Object of faith always specified (Christ Jesus, 3:15). Occurs 1:5, 1:13, 2:18, 2:22, 3:8, 3:10, 3:15, 4:7.
Calling
Approved rendering: बुलाहट
Transliteration: bulāhaṭ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आह्वान, भाग्य, नियति, किस्मत
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. 2 Timothy 1:9’s ‘holy calling’ is explicitly not because of works but because of God’s own purpose and grace; must never be rendered with fate/destiny vocabulary. Occurs 1:9 (κλήσει ἁγίᾳ).
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 1:9, 1:14, 3:15 (must always accompany शास्त्र as पवित्रशास्त्र).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrikaraṇa
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: सफाई, शुद्धिकरण
Original: ἡγιασμένον (ἁγιάζω)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 2:21 (vessel cleansed for the master’s use); distinguish from caste-linked ritual purity (shuddhi).
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देव-ज्योति, प्रकाश
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 2:10, 4:18 (closing doxology).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर की सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: Parameśvara kī sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति, ताकत
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. NEVER शक्ति. Occurs 1:7, 1:8, 3:5 (false teachers deny this power).
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का चुनाव
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā cunāva
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, नियति, किस्मत
Original: ἐκλεκτοί
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 2:10 (ἐκλεκτοί, ‘the elect’), for whose sake Paul endures everything.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊद के वंश से
Transliteration: Dāūda ke vaṃśa se
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 2:8 within Paul’s compressed gospel-summary formula.
Repentance
Approved rendering: मन फिराव
Transliteration: mana phirāva
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: पश्चाताप
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Repentance
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 2:25, the hoped-for outcome of gentle correction of those ensnared by the devil.
Conscience
Approved rendering: विवेक
Transliteration: viveka
Doctrine: Conscience
Rejected alternatives: अंतरात्मा
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Conscience
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 1:3, Paul’s inherited ‘clean conscience’ (शुद्ध विवेक).
Promise
Approved rendering: प्रतिज्ञा
Transliteration: pratijñā
Doctrine: Covenant
Rejected alternatives: वरदान, वचन (alone, ambiguous with mere spoken word)
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. वरदान forbidden — would make the promise merit-conditioned. Occurs 1:1 (ἐπαγγελία ζωῆς, ‘the promise of life’).
In Christ
Approved rendering: मसीह में
Transliteration: Masīha meṃ
Doctrine: Christology
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ (Ἰησοῦ)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Never mystical absorption into the divine. Occurs 1:1, 1:9, 1:13, 2:1, 2:10, 3:12, 3:15.
Works Of The Law
Approved rendering: काम
Transliteration: kāma
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: कर्म
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package (व्यवस्था के काम convention extended to bare ἔργον/ἔργα). NEVER कर्म anywhere in 2 Timothy, including 3:17 (ἔργον ἀγαθόν, ‘good work’) and 4:14 (κατὰ τὰ ἔργα, divine repayment for evil deeds) — applies even outside the original justification-polemic context and even in judgment contexts, to prevent any karma-ledger cosmology from entering the corpus by lexical association.
Deposit
Approved rendering: धरोहर
Transliteration: dharohara
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: सामान्य ‘jo mujhe bataya gaya’ paraphrase (loses legal-trust sense)
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Doctrine
New term (παραθήκη). Occurs 1:12, 1:14. A fixed, unchanging trust returned intact — mandatory translator note contrasting this with the गुरु-परम्परा (guru-paramparā) model, in which teaching is expected to adapt across a lineage of teachers. No transliteration; धरोहर is close enough in ordinary usage (heirloom/trust) to require only a contrastive gloss.
Complete Proficient
Approved rendering: सम्पूर्ण / योग्य
Transliteration: sampūrṇa / yogya
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: सिद्ध (siddha)
Original: ἄρτιος
Category: Scripture
New term (ἄρτιος). Occurs 3:17, doubled with ἐξηρτισμένος (equipped). MUST NOT use सिद्ध, the Hindu category of a self-perfected yogi/sage who attains completeness through personal spiritual practice — the opposite of completeness given externally by Scripture.
Man Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का जन
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā jana
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: भक्त (bhakta)
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Ministry
New term (ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος). Occurs 3:17. A formulaic OT title (Moses, Elijah, Elisha) applied to the gospel minister. Avoid भक्त, which frames the relationship as bhakti-mārga devotional attachment rather than an OT office-bearer defined by God’s Word acting on him. Gloss with OT echo on first occurrence.
Good Work
Approved rendering: भला काम
Transliteration: bhalā kāma
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: कर्म
Original: ἔργον ἀγαθόν
Category: Sanctification
New term (ἔργον ἀγαθόν). Occurs 3:17 (cf. 4:14 κατὰ τὰ ἔργα). NEVER कर्म — extends the baseline works_of_the_law convention even here, where the good work is grace’s fruit rather than a law-work.
Solemn Charge
Approved rendering: गम्भीरता से आज्ञा देना
Transliteration: gambhīratā se ājñā denā
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: friendly-advice softening (e.g. ‘मैं तुम्हें कहता हूँ’)
Original: διαμαρτύρομαι
Category: Ministry
New term (διαμαρτύρομαι). Occurs 4:1 (core passage). Must convey judicial solemnity — a charge given with God and Christ Jesus as witnesses. Never softened per some tract-paraphrase precedent to casual advice.
Judge Of Living And Dead
Approved rendering: जीवितों और मृतकों का न्याय करनेवाला
Transliteration: jīvitoṃ aura mṛtakoṃ kā nyāya karanevālā
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Judgment
New term (κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς). Occurs 4:1 (core passage). न्याय must render a personal, moral verdict rendered by Christ by name, never an impersonal cosmic law of karmic consequence; do not leave न्याय unqualified without the personal subject.
Preach The Word
Approved rendering: वचन का प्रचार कर
Transliteration: vacana kā pracāra kara
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: share/discuss softened verbs
Original: κήρυξον τὸν λόγον
Category: Ministry
New term (κήρυξον τὸν λόγον). Occurs 4:2 (core passage), cognate with κήρυξ (1:11). Must retain authoritative herald-proclamation force. वचन must never be diluted to बात (casual talk/topic).
Itching Ears
Approved rendering: जिनके कान खुजलाते हैं
Transliteration: jinake kāna khujalāte haiṃ
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: abstract paraphrase (‘wanting only pleasant teaching’)
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy
New term (κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν). Occurs 4:3 (core passage). Retain the vivid calque image rather than an abstract paraphrase; flag for native speaker review for naturalness.
Myths
Approved rendering: कल्पित कहानियाँ
Transliteration: kalpita kahāniyāṃ
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μῦθος
Category: Apostasy
New term (μῦθος). Occurs 4:4 (core passage). Mandatory translator note distinguishing Paul’s target (invented speculative tales presented as authoritative doctrine) from a blanket dismissal of Indian itihāsa/purāṇa narrative literature.
Endure Suffering
Approved rendering: दुख सहना / कष्ट उठाना
Transliteration: dukha sahanā / kaṣṭa uṭhānā
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: तपस्या-framed self-mortification
Original: κακοπάθησον / συγκακοπάθησον
Category: Suffering
New term (κακοπάθησον / συγκακοπάθησον family). Occurs 1:8, 2:3, 2:9, 4:5 (core passage). Render consistently across all four occurrences; must be framed as suffering imposed from outside (persecution) endured by grace, in union with Christ/Paul — never self-sought ascetic hardship as a spiritual technique generating merit.
Endurance
Approved rendering: धीरज / सहनशीलता
Transliteration: dhīraja / sahanaśīlatā
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω
Category: Suffering
New term (ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω). Occurs 2:10, 2:12, 3:10-11. Must always be kept textually anchored to the ‘we will also reign with him’ reward-promise (2:12), not treated as a stand-alone stoic virtue.
God Remains Faithful
Approved rendering: वह विश्वासयोग्य रहता है
Transliteration: vaha viśvāsayogya rahatā hai
Doctrine: Divine Judgment and God’s Faithfulness (Providence)
Original: πιστὸς μένει
Category: Assurance
New term (πιστὸς μένει). Occurs 2:13. Must render God’s own unwavering character distinctly from human विश्वास, never implying God’s faithfulness depends on human performance.
Word Not Bound
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का वचन बंधा नहीं है
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā vacana baṃdhā nahīṃ hai
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται
Category: Transmission
New term (ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται). Occurs 2:9. वचन locked as the fixed technical noun for God’s Word across the letter (2:9, 2:15, 4:2); never diluted to बात.
Rightly Handling The Word
Approved rendering: सच्चाई के वचन को ठीक-ठीक व्यक्त करनेवाला
Transliteration: saccāī ke vacana ko ṭhīka-ṭhīka vyakta karanevālā
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: वाग्ने paraphrase losing the ‘cutting straight’ precision metaphor
Original: ὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Doctrine
New term (ὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας). Occurs 2:15. Must convey doctrinal precision, avoiding both legalistic literalism and creative reinterpretation. Retain ठीक-ठीक (precisely), not a vaguer ठीक से.
Pattern Of Sound Words
Approved rendering: खरे वचनों का नमूना
Transliteration: kharē vacanoṃ kā namūnā
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων
Category: Doctrine
New term (ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων). Occurs 1:13. Reuses खरा (established at sound_doctrine, 4:3).
Knowledge Of The Truth
Approved rendering: सच्चाई को पहचानना
Transliteration: saccāī ko pahacānanā
Doctrine: Repentance and Restoration of the Erring
Rejected alternatives: ज्ञान (bare noun)
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Apostasy
New term (ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας). Occurs 2:25, 3:7. ज्ञान collides with jñāna-mārga liberating self-realization; prefer the relational verb-phrase over the bare noun, especially given the dramatic irony at 3:7 (the false teachers’ targets never arrive at this).
Self Control
Approved rendering: आत्म-नियंत्रण
Transliteration: ātma-niyantraṇa
Doctrine: Spiritual Empowerment for Ministry
Rejected alternatives: संयम
Original: σωφρονισμός
Category: Ministry
New term (σωφρονισμός). Occurs 1:7, part of the power/love/self-control triad. NEVER संयम, Patanjali’s Yoga Sūtra technical term for the combined dhāraṇā-dhyāna-samādhi meditative state, which would recast Spirit-given discipline as self-attained yogic accomplishment.
Lived Godly
Approved rendering: भक्ति से जीना
Transliteration: bhakti se jīnā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: εὐσεβῶς ζῆν
Category: Suffering
New term (εὐσεβῶς ζῆν). Occurs 3:12 (‘all who desire to live godly… will be persecuted’ — universal principle). Reuses the भक्ति caution flagged at form_of_godliness.
Loved His Appearing
Approved rendering: उसके प्रकट होने से प्रेम रखनेवाले
Transliteration: usake prakaṭa hone se prema rakhanevāle
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀγαπήσασι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ
Category: Reward
New term (ἀγαπήσασι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ). Occurs 4:8, reusing the ἐπιφάνεια caution. The crown’s recipients are defined by love for Christ’s return, not by achievement.
Repay According To Deeds
Approved rendering: उसके कामों के अनुसार बदला देगा
Transliteration: usake kāmoṃ ke anusāra badalā degā
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: कर्म
Original: ἀποδώσει… κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ
Category: Judgment
New term (ἀποδώσει… κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ). Occurs 4:14 (Alexander the coppersmith). NEVER कर्म — even in this divine-judgment-for-evil context, to prevent any karma-ledger cosmology entering the translation.
Poured Out As Libation
Approved rendering: मेरा जीवन बलिदान के रूप में उंडाला जा रहा है
Transliteration: merā jīvana balidāna ke rūpa meṃ uṃḍālā jā rahā hai
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: अर्घ्य, अर्पण
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Suffering
New term (σπένδομαι). Occurs 4:6. AVOID अर्घ्य/अर्पण, Hindu puja ritual-offering nouns describing a worshipper’s gift to a deity to secure favor — the pouring here is God’s act upon Paul, not Paul’s ritual act toward God. Use the full descriptive verbal phrase, never a single ritual noun; pair with an explanatory translator note.
Fought Finished Kept
Approved rendering: मैंने अच्छी लड़ाई लड़ी है / मैंने दौड़ पूरी की है / मैंने विश्वास को बनाए रखा है
Transliteration: maiṃne acchī laḍāī laḍī hai / maiṃne dauḍa pūrī kī hai / maiṃne viśvāsa ko banāe rakhā hai
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι / τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα / τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα
Category: Reward
New term (τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι / τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα / τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα). Occurs 4:7, direct fulfillment of the letter’s charge to guard the παραθήκη (deposit). τὴν πίστιν reuses [TM — faith].
Righteous Judge
Approved rendering: धर्मी न्यायी
Transliteration: dharmī nyāyī
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ δίκαιος κριτής
Category: Judgment
New term (ὁ δίκαιος κριτής). Occurs 4:8, reusing धर्मी from the baseline justification compound. God’s judgment is itself righteous — grounds assurance rather than anxiety.
Spirit Of Fear
Approved rendering: भय की भावना
Transliteration: bhaya kī bhāvanā
Doctrine: Spiritual Empowerment for Ministry
Original: πνεῦμα δειλίας
Category: Ministry
New term (πνεῦμα δειλίας). Occurs 1:7, a disposition, not the Holy Spirit. Must be clearly distinguished via translator note from पवित्र आत्मा (1:14) and from आत्मा at 4:22 — the same Hindi word आत्मा covers all three referents.
Crown
Approved rendering: मुकुट
Transliteration: mukuṭa
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: कर्म-फल framing
Original: στέφανος
Category: Reward
New term (στέφανος). Occurs 2:5; recurs at 4:8 as crown_of_righteousness. A victor’s/athlete’s garland, not a monarch’s diadem — the God-given outcome of grace-enabled endurance, never कर्म-फल merit-payout.
Died Live Endure Reign With Christ
Approved rendering: साथ मरे तो साथ जीएंगे; सहते रहें तो साथ राज्य करेंगे
Transliteration: sātha mare to sātha jīeṃge; sahate raheṃ to sātha rājya kareṃge
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: συναποθνήσκω / συζάω / ὑπομένω / συμβασιλεύω
Category: Assurance
New term (συναποθνήσκω / συζάω / ὑπομένω / συμβασιλεύω). Occurs 2:11-12, the ‘faithful saying.’ Echoes but must not be conflated with the baseline Critical crucified_with_christ doctrine (Galatians 2:20); reads as shared future destiny/covenant union through ongoing faithfulness, not a once-for-all identity-exchange. Mandatory theologian review.
Truth
Approved rendering: सच्चाई
Transliteration: saccāī
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: a perspective / a path (pluralist softening)
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Gospel
Extends the baseline Galatians truth_of_the_gospel pattern (सुसमाचार की सच्चाई) to bare ἀλήθεια used repeatedly across 2 Timothy (2:15, 2:18, 2:25, 3:7, 3:8, 4:4). Must remain objective, singular, non-negotiable truth-content, never softened toward ‘a perspective’ or ‘a path’ given India’s religious pluralism.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerita
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, संदेशवाहक
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 1:1, 1:11.
Peace
Approved rendering: शांति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुकून
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 1:2, 2:22.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 4:17.
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Dāūda
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 2:8.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Mercy of God
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Kept distinct from अनुग्रह (grace). Occurs 1:2, 1:16, 1:18 (Onesiphorus).
Doxology
Approved rendering: महिमा सदा सर्वदा
Transliteration: mahimā sadā sarvadā
Doctrine: Worship
Rejected alternatives: स्तुति
Original: δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων
Category: Worship
Inherited pattern from Romans/Galatians package (महिमा-गान family). Occurs 4:18, δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων, closing doxological formula.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: राज्य / स्वर्गीय राज्य
Transliteration: rājya / svargīya rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर का राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
Inherited pattern from Romans package (परमेश्वर का राज्य). Occurs 4:1 (Christ’s charge invoking his kingdom) and 4:18 (τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐπουράνιον, ‘his heavenly kingdom’). Distinguish from a political or territorial kingdom.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का वरदान
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā varadāna
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदान (bare), देवीय शक्तियां, सिद्धि
Original: χάρισμα θεοῦ
Category: Church
Inherited pattern from Romans package (आत्मिक वरदान), adapted for the singular χάρισμα θεοῦ specific to Timothy’s calling (1:6), conferred through the laying on of Paul’s hands. Must not be rendered as merit-earned power or Hindu siddhi.
Promise Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवन की प्रतिज्ञा
Transliteration: jīvana kī pratijñā
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: वरदान
Original: ἐπαγγελία ζωῆς
Category: Covenant
New term (ἐπαγγελία ζωῆς). Occurs 1:1, reusing [TM — प्रतिज्ञा]; grounds Paul’s apostleship.
Pure Conscience
Approved rendering: शुद्ध विवेक
Transliteration: śuddha viveka
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: καθαρὰ συνείδησις
Category: Conscience
New term (καθαρὰ συνείδησις). Occurs 1:3, reusing [TM — विवेक] with शुद्ध (‘clean’).
Sincere Faith
Approved rendering: निष्कपट विश्वास
Transliteration: niṣkapaṭa viśvāsa
Doctrine: Inherited and Sincere Faith
Original: ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις
Category: Faith
New term (ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις). Occurs 1:5, inherited through Lois and Eunice.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: हाथ रखना
Transliteration: hātha rakhanā
Doctrine: Spiritual Empowerment for Ministry
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Ministry
New term (ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν). Occurs 1:6, an ordination rite. Distinguish from Hindu ritual hand-gesture/blessing-touch traditions (āśīrvād); flag for native speaker review.
Ashamed
Approved rendering: लज्जित होना
Transliteration: lajjita honā
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ἐπαισχύνομαι
Category: Suffering
New term (ἐπαισχύνομαι). Occurs 1:8, 1:12, 1:16, a recurring refrain. Flag for native speaker review per honor/shame routing convention.
Testimony
Approved rendering: गवाही
Transliteration: gavāhī
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: μαρτύριον
Category: Transmission
New term (μαρτύριον). Occurs 1:8.
Herald
Approved rendering: प्रचारक
Transliteration: pracāraka
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κήρυξ
Category: Ministry
New term (κήρυξ). Occurs 1:11, one of Paul’s three self-designations grounding the 4:2 charge.
Teacher
Approved rendering: शिक्षक
Transliteration: śikṣaka
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: διδάσκαλος
Category: Doctrine
New term (διδάσκαλος). Occurs 1:11 (Paul’s office), 4:3 (false, consumer-driven teachers). Context must keep teaching content (सच्चाई, खरी शिक्षा) as the authority, not the teacher’s person — guards against the Indian guru paradigm.
Be Strengthened
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह में सामर्थ्य पा
Transliteration: anugraha meṃ sāmarthya pā
Doctrine: Grace of God
Original: ἐνδυναμοῦ
Category: Suffering
New term (ἐνδυναμοῦ). Occurs 2:1, reusing अनुग्रह + सामर्थ्य [TM]; a passive imperative — strength received, not self-generated.
Ministry Metaphors
Approved rendering: सिपाही / प्रतिस्पर्धा करना / किसान
Transliteration: sipāhī / pratispardhā karanā / kisāna
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: στρατιώτης / ἀθλέω / γεωργός
Category: Suffering
New term (στρατιώτης / ἀθλέω / γεωργός). Occurs 2:3-6. Cross-culturally intelligible; low collision risk.
Faithful Saying
Approved rendering: यह वचन विश्वासयोग्य है
Transliteration: yaha vacana viśvāsayogya hai
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Doctrine
New term (πιστὸς ὁ λόγος). Occurs 2:11, a formulaic Pastoral-Epistles marker introducing a reliable creedal-like statement.
Quarrel About Words
Approved rendering: वचनों पर वाद-विवाद करना
Transliteration: vacanoṃ para vāda-vivāda karanā
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: λογομαχεῖν
Category: Doctrine
New term (λογομαχεῖν). Occurs 2:14, contrasted with the constructive correction of 4:2.
Profane Empty Talk
Approved rendering: अपवित्र बकवास
Transliteration: apavitra bakavāsa
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι
Category: Doctrine
New term (βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι). Occurs 2:16.
Gangrene
Approved rendering: सड़ाहट फैलाने वाला रोग
Transliteration: saḍāhaṭa phailāne vālā roga
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: clinical loanword गैंग्रीन
Original: γάγγραινα
Category: Doctrine
New term (γάγγραινα). Occurs 2:17. Descriptive gloss preferred over a clinical loanword for reading-level accessibility.
Firm Foundation
Approved rendering: दृढ़ नींव
Transliteration: dṛḍha nīṃva
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ στερεὸς θεμέλιος
Category: Assurance
New term (ὁ στερεὸς θεμέλιος). Occurs 2:19.
Seal
Approved rendering: मुहर
Transliteration: muhara
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: σφραγίς
Category: Assurance
New term (σφραγίς). Occurs 2:19, a mark of ownership over those who are the Lord’s.
Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: अधार्मिकता
Transliteration: adhārmikatā
Doctrine: Sanctification and Personal Purity
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म
Original: ἀδικία
Category: Sin
New term (ἀδικία), distinct Greek referent from ἁμαρτία (sin). Occurs 2:19. Deliberately avoids अधर्म, which still invokes dharma-duty cosmology; अधार्मिकता keeps the term transparently paired with the established righteousness vocabulary.
Vessel For Honor Dishonor
Approved rendering: आदर के लिये पात्र / अनादर के लिये पात्र
Transliteration: ādara ke liye pātra / anādara ke liye pātra
Doctrine: Sanctification and Personal Purity
Original: σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν / εἰς ἀτιμίαν
Category: Sanctification
New term (σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν / εἰς ἀτιμίαν). Occurs 2:20-21. In the Indian context this household-vessel imagery readily evokes caste-linked ritual purity/pollution categories (shuddhi); must be read as Spirit-worked moral holiness, not ritual status.
Youthful Passions
Approved rendering: जवानी की अभिलाषाएँ
Transliteration: javānī kī abhilāṣāeṃ
Doctrine: Sanctification and Personal Purity
Original: ἐπιθυμίαι νεωτερικαί
Category: Sanctification
New term (ἐπιθυμίαι νεωτερικαί). Occurs 2:22, reusing the established अभिलाषा pattern (शरीर की अभिलाषाएँ).
Devils Snare
Approved rendering: शैतान का जाल
Transliteration: śaitāna kā jāla
Doctrine: Repentance and Restoration of the Erring
Original: τοῦ διαβόλου παγίς
Category: Apostasy
New term (τοῦ διαβόλου παγίς). Occurs 2:26. शैतान must be a personal, morally culpable spiritual adversary, not assimilated to माया (impersonal cosmic illusion).
Perilous Times
Approved rendering: कठिन समय
Transliteration: kaṭhina samaya
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: καιροὶ χαλεποί
Category: Apostasy
New term (καιροὶ χαλεποί). Occurs 3:1, sets tone for the vice-list.
Vice List
Approved rendering: स्वार्थी, धन का लोभी, घमण्डी, अभिमानी, निन्दक, आदि
Transliteration: svārthī, dhana kā lobhī, ghamaṇḍī, abhimānī, nindaka, ādi
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: φίλαυτοι, φιλάργυροι, ἀλαζόνες, ὑπερήφανοι, βλάσφημοι, κτλ.
Category: Apostasy
New term (φίλαυτοι, φιλάργυροι, ἀλαζόνες, ὑπερήφανοι, βλάσφημοι, etc.). Occurs 3:2-4. ἀκρατεῖς reuses आत्म-नियंत्रण (never संयम); προδόται (विश्वासघाती) is a natural विश्वास derivative requiring no new coinage.
Weak Women
Approved rendering: दुर्बल स्त्रियाँ, जो पापों से लदी हुई हैं
Transliteration: durbala striyāṃ, jo pāpoṃ se ladī huī haiṃ
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: γυναικάρια σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις
Category: Apostasy
New term (γυναικάρια σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις). Occurs 3:6. Flag for native speaker review to manage tone — Paul’s point is vulnerability to deception, not a blanket claim about women’s spiritual capacity.
Disqualified Concerning Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास के विषय में निकम्मे/अमान्य ठहरनेवाले
Transliteration: viśvāsa ke viṣaya meṃ nikamme/amānya ṭharanevāle
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν
Category: Apostasy
New term (ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν). Occurs 3:8, a numismatic (counterfeit-coin) metaphor pairing with खरी शिक्षा’s authenticity motif.
Followed My Teaching
Approved rendering: तूने मेरी शिक्षा, चाल-चलन, उद्देश्य, विश्वास, धीरज, प्रेम और सहनशीलता को ध्यान से देखा है
Transliteration: tūne merī śikṣā, cāla-calana, uddeśya, viśvāsa, dhīraja, prema aura sahanaśīlatā ko dhyāna se dekhā hai
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: παρηκολούθησάς… τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ, τῇ ἀγωγῇ, τῇ προθέσει, τῇ πίστει, τῇ μακροθυμίᾳ, τῇ ἀγάπῃ, τῇ ὑπομονῇ
Category: Transmission
New term (παρηκολούθησάς… τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ κτλ). Occurs 3:10. Keep tethered to Paul’s transmitted content, not guru-veneration of his person alone.
Persecutions Sufferings
Approved rendering: सताव, दुख
Transliteration: satāva, dukha
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: διωγμοί, παθήματα
Category: Suffering
New term (διωγμοί, παθήματα). Occurs 3:11, reusing the κακοπάθεια family.
Rescued
Approved rendering: बचाना / छुड़ाना
Transliteration: bacānā / chuḍānā
Doctrine: Divine Judgment and God’s Faithfulness (Providence)
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Providence
New term (ῥύομαι). Occurs 3:11, 4:17-18. Distinct in force from छुटकारा (the baseline redemption term); here denotes situational rescue from danger, not the technical atonement term — never interchange.
Impostors
Approved rendering: धोखेबाज़ / जादूगर
Transliteration: dhokhebāza / jādūgara
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: γόητες
Category: Apostasy
New term (γόητες). Occurs 3:13. Reuses the जादू-टोना pattern (baseline sorcery entry) where occult overtone is present; render descriptively, not sensationally.
Be Sober
Approved rendering: सचेत रह
Transliteration: sacēta raha
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: νῆφε
Category: Ministry
New term (νῆφε). Occurs 4:5 (core passage). Must be understood metaphorically (watchful clarity of mind), not literal abstinence from alcohol.
Evangelist
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार प्रचारक
Transliteration: susamācar pracāraka
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Ministry
New term (εὐαγγελιστής). Occurs 4:5 (core passage), built on established सुसमाचार [TM].
Ministry Office
Approved rendering: सेवा
Transliteration: sevā
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διακονία
Category: Ministry
New term (διακονία). Occurs 4:5 (core passage). Distinct from the baseline feminine office-term सेविका (Romans 16:1); here denotes the abstract activity/office of ministry generally.
Present Age
Approved rendering: यह संसार
Transliteration: yaha saṃsāra
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: युग
Original: ὁ νῦν αἰών
Category: Apostasy
New term (ὁ νῦν αἰών). Occurs 4:10 (Demas’s desertion). Prefer संसार over युग, since युग reinforces the Kali Yuga collision already flagged for last_days (3:1).
Proclamation
Approved rendering: प्रचार/संदेश
Transliteration: pracāra/saṃdeśa
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: κήρυγμα
Category: Transmission
New term (κήρυγμα). Occurs 4:17, cognate with κήρυξ (1:11) and κηρύσσω (4:2).
Lord With Your Spirit
Approved rendering: प्रभु तेरी आत्मा के साथ रहे
Transliteration: Prabhu terī ātmā ke sātha rahe
Doctrine: Closing Doxology and Benediction
Original: ὁ Κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου
Category: Closing
New term (ὁ Κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου). Occurs 4:22, reusing प्रभु [TM]. πνεῦμα here = Timothy’s own human spirit. Requires a translator note disambiguating आत्मा from पवित्र आत्मा (1:14) and from πνεῦμα δειλίας (1:7). Native speaker review recommended.
Doulos Kyriou
Approved rendering: प्रभु का दास
Transliteration: Prabhu kā dāsa
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
New term (δοῦλος Κυρίου). Occurs 2:24, an honorific OT-style self-designation (positive register), reusing the दास/दासत्व word family established as negative in the Galatians baseline (bondage to sin/law). Mandatory translator note distinguishing this positive covenant-servant usage from the negative Galatians usage — the same word family serves both registers in this Language Package.
Become Convinced
Approved rendering: निश्चय हो जाना
Transliteration: niścaya ho jānā
Doctrine: Inherited and Sincere Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा-based rendering
Original: ἐπιστώθης
Category: Transmission
New term (ἐπιστώθης). Occurs 3:14 (core passage opens). Must not suggest devotional feeling (श्रद्धा) — settled conviction grounded in received teaching.
Make Wise
Approved rendering: बुद्धिमान बनाना
Transliteration: buddhimāna banānā
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्ञानी बनाना
Original: σοφίσαι
Category: Scripture
New term (σοφίσαι). Occurs 3:15 (core passage). Avoid ज्ञानी बनाना (jñāna-mārga collision); keep practical, salvation-oriented, Scripture-mediated wisdom.
Reproof
Approved rendering: उलाहना (देना)
Transliteration: ulāhanā (denā)
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ἐλεγμός / ἐλέγχω
Category: Doctrine
New term (ἐλεγμός / ἐλέγχω). Occurs 3:16, 4:2 (core passage). Same root recurs at both; keep rendering consistent.
Correction
Approved rendering: सुधार
Transliteration: sudhāra
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐπανόρθωσις
Category: Doctrine
New term (ἐπανόρθωσις). Occurs 3:16 (core passage); hapax legomenon.
Training
Approved rendering: अनुशासन
Transliteration: anuśāsana
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: tapasya-style ascetic self-discipline framing
Original: παιδεία
Category: Doctrine
New term (παιδεία). Occurs 3:16 (core passage). Must be Scripture-mediated moral formation by God through his Word, not ascetic self-discipline or guru-directed training.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: डपट
Transliteration: ḍapaṭa
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἐπιτίμησον
Category: Doctrine
New term (ἐπιτίμησον). Occurs 4:2 (core passage), second corrective imperative.
Teaching Content
Approved rendering: शिक्षा
Transliteration: śikṣā
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: सिद्धान्त
Original: διδαχή
Category: Doctrine
New term (διδαχή). Occurs 4:2 (core passage), sister term to διδασκαλία; avoid सिद्धान्त, which denotes a formal darshana/philosophical school in Hindi.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavāda
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστῶ
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 1:3.
Exhort
Approved rendering: प्रोत्साहित करना
Transliteration: protsāhita karanā
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly, no deviation. Occurs 4:2 (παρακάλεσον), third of the charge’s five imperatives, balancing reproof and rebuke.
Restore Gently
Approved rendering: नम्रता
Transliteration: namratā
Doctrine: Church
Original: πραΰτης
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package (πραΰτης). Occurs 2:25, describing the manner of correcting opponents; one of the qualities (ἤπιος, διδακτικός, ἀνεξίκακος, πραΰτης) required of the Lord’s servant.
Boasting
Approved rendering: घमण्ड
Transliteration: ghamaṇḍa
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package (καυχάομαι root). Reused as adjective घमण्डी for the vice-list term ἀλαζόνες (3:2).
Amen
Approved rendering: आमीन
Transliteration: āmīna
Doctrine: Worship
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package exactly, no deviation. Transliterated per established standard. Occurs 4:18.
Continue In What Learned
Approved rendering: बना रहना
Transliteration: banā rahanā
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: μένε
Category: Transmission
New term (μένε). Occurs 3:14 (core passage opens).
Learned
Approved rendering: सीखना
Transliteration: sīkhanā
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἔμαθες
Category: Transmission
New term (ἔμαθες). Occurs 3:14 (core passage).
Childhood
Approved rendering: बालपन
Transliteration: bālapan
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: βρέφος
Category: Scripture
New term (βρέφος). Occurs 3:15 (core passage).
Profitable
Approved rendering: लाभदायक
Transliteration: lābhadāyaka
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ὠφέλιμος
Category: Scripture
New term (ὠφέλιμος). Occurs 3:16 (core passage).
Equipped
Approved rendering: तैयार किया गया / सुसज्जित
Transliteration: taiyāra kiyā gayā / susajjita
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐξηρτισμένος
Category: Scripture
New term (ἐξηρτισμένος). Occurs 3:17 (core passage), intensifies ἄρτιος.
Be Ready
Approved rendering: तैयार/स्थिर रहना
Transliteration: taiyāra/sthira rahanā
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἐπίστηθι
Category: Ministry
New term (ἐπίστηθι). Occurs 4:2 (core passage).
In Season Out Of Season
Approved rendering: अवसर हो या न हो
Transliteration: avasara ho yā na ho
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως
Category: Ministry
New term (εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως). Occurs 4:2 (core passage); idiom, translate meaning.
Patience
Approved rendering: धीरज
Transliteration: dhīraja
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Ministry
New term (μακροθυμία). Occurs 4:2 (core passage).
Will Endure Tolerate
Approved rendering: सहना / बर्दाश्त करना
Transliteration: sahanā / bardāśta karanā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀνέχομαι
Category: Apostasy
New term (ἀνέχομαι). Occurs 4:3 (core passage).
Accumulate
Approved rendering: इकट्ठा कर लेना
Transliteration: ikaṭṭhā kara lenā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἐπισωρεύω
Category: Apostasy
New term (ἐπισωρεύω). Occurs 4:3 (core passage).
Turn Away
Approved rendering: मुँह मोड़ लेना
Transliteration: muṃha moḍa lenā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀποστρέφω
Category: Apostasy
New term (ἀποστρέφω). Occurs 4:4 (core passage).
Fully Carry Out
Approved rendering: पूरी तरह पूरी कर
Transliteration: pūrī taraha pūrī kara
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: πληροφόρησον
Category: Ministry
New term (πληροφόρησον). Occurs 4:5 (core passage closes).
Beloved Child
Approved rendering: प्रिय पुत्र
Transliteration: priya putra
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: τέκνον ἀγαπητόν
Category: Transmission
New term (τέκνον ἀγαπητόν). Occurs 1:2.
Fan Into Flame
Approved rendering: फिर से जगाना / प्रज्वलित करना
Transliteration: phira se jagānā / prajvalita karanā
Doctrine: Spiritual Empowerment for Ministry
Original: ἀναζωπυρεῖν
Category: Ministry
New term (ἀναζωπυρεῖν). Occurs 1:6; hapax legomenon.
Love
Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prema
Doctrine: Spiritual Empowerment for Ministry
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ministry
New term (ἀγάπη in the 1:7 power/love/self-control triad; also 2:22, 3:10). Not a distinct top-level term in the Romans/Galatians baseline; added here for 2 Timothy consistency.
Witness Person
Approved rendering: गवाह
Transliteration: gavāha
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: μάρτυς
Category: Transmission
New term (μάρτυς). Occurs 2:2, distinct from μαρτύριον (testimony, 1:8).
Deny
Approved rendering: इन्कार करना
Transliteration: inkāra karanā
Doctrine: Divine Judgment and God’s Faithfulness (Providence)
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Assurance
New term (ἀρνέομαι). Occurs 2:12-13.
Avoid Turn Away
Approved rendering: दूर रहना / त्यागना
Transliteration: dūra rahanā / tyāganā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀποτρέπου
Category: Apostasy
New term (ἀποτρέπου). Occurs 3:5.
Creep Into Houses
Approved rendering: चुपके से घुस जाना
Transliteration: cupake se ghusa jānā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἐνδύνοντες εἰς τὰς οἰκίας
Category: Apostasy
New term (ἐνδύνοντες εἰς τὰς οἰκίας). Occurs 3:6.
Corrupted In Mind
Approved rendering: मन/बुद्धि के भ्रष्ट
Transliteration: mana/buddhi ke bhraṣṭa
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν
Category: Apostasy
New term (κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν). Occurs 3:8.
Progress Into Worse
Approved rendering: आगे बढ़ना (व्यंग्यात्मक)
Transliteration: āge baḍhanā (vyaṃgyātmaka)
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: προκόπτω
Category: Apostasy
New term (προκόπτω). Occurs 3:9, 3:13, ironic usage.
Deceiving And Deceived
Approved rendering: भरमाना और धोखा खाना
Transliteration: bharamānā aura dhokhā khānā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι
Category: Apostasy
New term (πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι). Occurs 3:13.
Departure
Approved rendering: मेरे जाने / मेरे कूच का समय
Transliteration: mere jāne / mere kūca kā samaya
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ἀνάλυσις
Category: Suffering
New term (ἀνάλυσις). Occurs 4:6; death reframed as departure to be with Christ.
Greet
Approved rendering: अभिवादन करना
Transliteration: abhivādana karanā
Doctrine: Closing Doxology and Benediction
Rejected alternatives: प्रणाम
Original: ἀσπάζομαι
Category: Closing
New term (ἀσπάζομαι). Occurs 4:19-21. प्रणाम rejected — connotes a reverential bow reserved for deities, elders, or gurus; अभिवादन is a neutral peer-to-peer greeting.
Timothy
Approved rendering: तीमुथियुस
Transliteration: Tīmuthiyusa
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
New proper name. The letter’s addressee, throughout.
Paul
Approved rendering: पौलुस
Transliteration: Paulusa
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Apostleship
New proper name. The letter’s author, throughout.
Proper Names 2 Timothy
Approved rendering: ओनेसिफोरुस, दिमास, क्रिसकेस, तीतुस, लूका, मरकुस, सिकन्दर, यन्नेस, याम्ब्रेस, अन्ताकिया, इकुनियुम, लुस्त्रा, प्रिस्किल्ला, अक्विला
Transliteration: Onesiforusa, Dimāsa, Kriskesa, Tītusa, Lūkā, Marakusa, Sikandara, Yannesa, Yāmbresa, Antākiyā, Ikuniyuma, Lustrā, Priskillā, Akvilā
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Grouped entry for remaining proper names in 2 Timothy (1:16-18; 3:8; 4:9-21), transliterated using BSI-established Hindi Christian forms where they exist and standard phonetic transliteration otherwise. No theological content to paraphrase.
Referenced passages