Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Amos
Curriculum: Amos Destination language: Hindi Language pair: English–Hindi (Hebrew original; LXX Greek cross-referenced where doctrinally significant)
This glossary covers every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the whole book (chapters 1–9), with priority given to the core passage (Amos 5:18–24). Terms marked [Baseline] are reused exactly from the Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json and are not new entries; they are listed here for completeness of curriculum coverage and cross-reference. All new terms follow the same risk-tier conventions (Critical/High/Medium/Low) as the baseline registries.
Core Passage Terms (Amos 5:18–24)
| Term (English) | Hebrew / Transliteration | Hindi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Woe | הוֹי / hôy | हाय | Low | Day of the Lord | Funeral-lament cry opening the oracle; ironic — a death-cry over those craving the Day. |
| Day of the LORD | יוֹם יְהוָה / yôm YHWH | यहोवा का दिन | Critical | Day of the Lord as Judgment | Never confuse with an astrologically auspicious day (शुभ दिन). Theologian review every occurrence (1:14; 2:16; 5:18,20; 8:3,9,13; 9:11). |
| darkness / light | חֹשֶׁךְ / אוֹר — chōshekh / ʾôr | अंधकार / ज्योति | Medium | Day of the Lord | Judgment metaphor; avoid divine-radiance associations for “light” per baseline glory/armor-of-light guardrail. |
| lion / bear / serpent | אֲרִי / דֹּב / נָחָשׁ | सिंह / भालू / सांप | Low | Day of the Lord | Escalating inescapability imagery; preserve sequence. |
| gloom / brightness | אֹפֶל / נֹגַהּ | घोर अंधकार / चमक | Medium | Day of the Lord | Intensifying parallel pair; do not collapse to one term. |
| I hate / I despise | שָׂנֵאתִי / מָאַסְתִּי | मैं घृणा करता हूँ / मैं तुच्छ जानता हूँ | High | Judgment on Empty Ritual | Strong covenant-rejection verbs; preserve first-person double intensity. |
| your feasts / solemn assemblies | חַגֵּיכֶם / עֲצְּרֹתֵיכֶם | तुम्हारे पर्व / तुम्हारी पवित्र सभाएँ | High | Judgment on Empty Ritual | Reuses [Baseline] पवित्र. Mandatory note: condemns ritual divorced from justice, not ritual/liturgy per se. |
| burnt offering | עֹלָה / ʿōlâ | होमबलि | High | Judgment on Empty Ritual | Literal Levitical rite; distinguish from baseline living_sacrifice (metaphorical NT term) and from Hindu बलि/यज्ञ. |
| grain offering | מִנְחָה / minḥâ | अन्नबलि / भेंट | High | Judgment on Empty Ritual | Same sacrificial-system caution as burnt offering. |
| peace/fellowship offering | שֶׁלֶם / šelem | मेलबलि | High | Judgment on Empty Ritual | Etymologically tied to shalom/शांति; irony that the “peace offering” is rejected for lack of true peace. |
| fattened animals | מְרִיא / mərîʾ | पुष्ट पशु | Medium | Judgment on Empty Ritual | Emphasizes costliness of what is rejected. |
| noise of your songs | הֲמוֹן שִׁירֶיךָ | तेरे गीतों का शोर | Medium | Judgment on Empty Ritual | Deliberate downgrade of sacred music to “noise.” |
| harp/lute | נֵבֶל / nēḇel | सारंगी | Low | Judgment on Empty Ritual | Standard instrument term. |
| justice | מִשְׁפָּט / mishpāṭ | न्याय | Critical | Social Justice; core doctrine | New term (no prior baseline entry). Must carry full social-justice weight, always paired with righteousness. |
| righteousness | צְדָקָה / tsədāqâ | धार्मिकता | Critical | Social Justice; Salvation | [Baseline — reused exactly]. Add OT ethical-social nuance note alongside NT forensic sense; never धर्म. |
| roll like waters / ever-flowing stream | גָּלַל / נַחַל אֵיתָן | जल की नाई बहता रहे / कभी न सूखनेवाली नदी | Medium | Social Justice | Avoid sacred-river (e.g., Ganga-purification) connotations; image is moral constancy, not ritual purity. |
Chapter 1 Terms
| Term | Hebrew / Transliteration | Hindi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| herdsman | נֹקֵד / nōqēḏ | चरवाहा | Low | Divine Calling | Amos’s humble, non-guild occupation. |
| vision | חָזוֹן / ḥāzôn | प्रकाशन (contextual) | Medium | Inspiration of Scripture | Avoid दर्शन’s devotional-sight connotation; prefer baseline प्रकाशन sense where objective disclosure is meant. |
| ”three transgressions…four” | עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה…אַרְבָּעָה | …के तीन अपराधों, वरन चार के कारण | High | Sovereignty over Nations; Judgment | Hebrew idiom of completeness, not a literal count; mandatory note. |
| transgression | פֶּשַׁע / peshaʿ | अपराध | High | Social Justice; Judgment | Willful covenant-rebellion, stronger than generic पाप (sin). |
| ”I will not revoke it” | לֹא אֲשִׁיבֶנּוּ | मैं उसका दण्ड न पलटूंगा | High | Day of the Lord | Irrevocable certainty of judgment. |
| fire (judgment) | אֵשׁ / ʾēsh | आग | Medium | Day of the Lord | Standard judgment imagery across all 8 oracles (chs.1–2). |
| exile | גָּלוּת / gālûṯ | बंधुआई / देश-निकाला | High | Sovereignty over Nations; Judgment | Literal historical deportation, not metaphorical. |
| covenant of brotherhood | בְּרִית אַחִים | भाईचारे की वाचा | High | Sovereignty over Nations | Reuses [Baseline] वाचा. Shows Gentile nation held accountable by God. |
| ”The LORD roars from Zion” | יְהוָה מִצִּיּוֹן יִשְׁאָג | यहोवा सिय्योन से गरजता है | Medium-High | Day of the Lord | Book’s thesis-motto; echoed at 3:8. |
| YHWH (the LORD) | יְהוָה / YHWH | यहोवा | Critical | All doctrines | New term; distinct from परमेश्वर (generic God) and प्रभु (Lord); personal covenant name. |
| Sovereign LORD | אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה | प्रभु यहोवा / प्रभु परमेश्वर | Critical | All doctrines | Combination form; render consistently across all occurrences. |
Chapter 2 Terms
| Term | Hebrew / Transliteration | Hindi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the law of the LORD | תּוֹרַת יְהוָה | यहोवा की व्यवस्था | High | Law and Grace (adjacent) | Reuses [Baseline] व्यवस्था; never धर्म. |
| their lies (idols) | כִּזְבֵיהֶם | उनके झूठ / झूठे देवता | Medium | Idolatry | Ties to [Baseline] मूर्तिपूजा. |
| the righteous | צַדִּיק / tsaddiq | धर्मी | High | Social Justice | Person of right covenant standing sold into slavery for silver. |
| needy | אֶבְיוֹן / evyon | कंगाल / दरिद्र | High | Social Justice | Recurs 2:6; 4:1; 5:12; 8:4,6. |
| poor / low | דַּל / dal | दीन | High | Social Justice | ”Trample the head of the poor into the dust” — retain violent physical force. |
| garments taken in pledge | בְּגָדִים חֲבֻלִים | बन्धक में लिए वस्त्र | Medium-High | Social Justice; Empty Ritual | Sin committed beside the altar itself. |
| Nazirite | נָזִיר / nāzîr | नाज़ीरी | Medium | Divine Calling; Sanctification | Specific OT consecration vow, not general asceticism/vrata. |
Chapter 3 Terms
| Term | Hebrew / Transliteration | Hindi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ”you only have I known” | יָדַע / yādaʿ | मैंने तुम ही को जाना है | High | Election; Accountability | Relational covenant-election language, paired with judgment not exemption. |
| secret/counsel | סוֹד / sôḏ | भेद | Medium-High | Inspiration of Scripture | Reuses [Baseline] भेद (mystery). God discloses plans through authorized prophets. |
| altars of Bethel | מִזְבְּחוֹת בֵּית־אֵל | बेतेल की वेदियाँ | Medium | Empty Ritual | Anticipates chs.4–5’s Bethel critique. |
Chapter 4 Terms
| Term | Hebrew / Transliteration | Hindi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cows of Bashan | פָּרוֹת הַבָּשָׁן | बाशान की गायें | Medium | Social Justice | Flag for review: targets systemic oppression/luxury complicity, not women generally. |
| oppress / crush | עָשַׁק / רָצַץ | अंधेर करना / कुचलना | High | Social Justice | Central vocabulary; recurs conceptually at 8:4. |
| ”come to Bethel and transgress” | בֵּית־אֵל…גִּלְגָּל | बेतेल में आओ और अपराध करो | High | Empty Ritual | Sarcastic “invitation”; interpretive hinge of the ritual-judgment doctrine. |
| leaven (in thank offering) | חָמֵץ / ḥāmēṣ | खमीरी वस्तु | Medium | Empty Ritual | Ritual violation offered proudly; self-congratulatory false piety. |
| ”yet you did not return to me” | וְלֹא־שַׁבְתֶּם עָדַי | तौभी तुम मेरी ओर न फिरे | High | Repentance; Judgment | Five-fold refrain (4:6–11); ties to [Baseline] मन फिराव. |
| ”Prepare to meet your God” | הִכּוֹן לִקְרַאת־אֱלֹהֶיךָ | अपने परमेश्वर से मिलने को तैयार हो जा | High | Day of the Lord | Ominous confrontation, not devotional darshan-style encounter. |
| God of hosts (doxology) | יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי־צְבָאוֹת שְׁמוֹ | सेनाओं का परमेश्वर यहोवा उसका नाम है | High | Sovereignty over Nations | Recurring refrain (4:13; 5:8-9; 5:27; 6:14; 9:5-6); absolute singular sovereignty, not a “chief god with armies” reading. |
Chapter 5 Terms (Non-Core: 5:1–17, 5:25–27)
| Term | Hebrew / Transliteration | Hindi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lament/dirge | קִינָה / qînâ | विलाप गीत | Medium | Day of the Lord | Funeral-song genre sung over Israel pre-emptively. |
| ”the virgin Israel has fallen” | בְּתוּלַת יִשְׂרָאֵל נָפְלָה | इस्राएल की कुंवारी कन्या गिर पड़ी है | Medium-High | Day of the Lord | Retain vivid funeral-dirge finality. |
| seek | דָּרַשׁ / dārash | ढूंढना / खोजना | High | Social Justice; Repentance | Distinguish from pilgrimage-to-sacred-site (tirtha-yatra) seeking. |
| the gate (judicial venue) | שַׁעַר / shaʿar | नगर-द्वार | Medium | Social Justice | Cultural note required: ancient courthouse function. |
| bribe | שֹׁחַד / כֹּפֶר | घूस | High | Social Justice | Direct continuation of justice-in-the-gate theme. |
| wormwood | לַעֲנָה / laʿanâ | कड़वाहट | Medium | Social Justice | Justice perverted into poison/bitterness (cf. 6:12). |
| remnant of Joseph | שְׁאֵרִית יוֹסֵף | बचे हुए लोग (यूसुफ के) | High | Restoration; Election | Reuses [Baseline] बचे हुए लोग. First note of hope-after-judgment. |
| Sikkuth / Kiyyun (idols) | סִכּוּת / כִּיּוּן | सिक्कूत / कीयून | Medium-High | Idolatry | Reuses [Baseline] मूर्तिपूजा; astral idols carried secretly. |
Chapter 6 Terms
| Term | Hebrew / Transliteration | Hindi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| at ease, complacent | שַׁאֲנַן / shaʾănān | चैन से बैठे हुए | Medium-High | Judgment | Distinguish from [Baseline] शांति (true peace with God); this is false complacency. |
| the pride of Jacob | גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב | याकूब का घमण्ड | High | Judgment; Social Justice | Reuses [Baseline] घमण्ड (boasting); God “abhors” national self-satisfaction. |
| divine self-oath | נִשְׁבַּע…בְּנַפְשׁוֹ | प्रभु यहोवा ने अपनी शपथ खाई है | High | Day of the Lord | Strongest guarantee-form; underlines certainty of judgment. |
| grieved over the ruin of Joseph | חָלָה עַל־שֵׁבֶר יוֹסֵף | यूसुफ के विनाश के कारण दुखी नहीं होते | Medium | Social Justice | Wealthy elite’s indifference to national collapse. |
Chapter 7 Terms
| Term | Hebrew / Transliteration | Hindi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plumb line | אֲנָךְ / ʾănāḵ | साहुल | Medium-High | Day of the Lord | Objective, precise, non-negotiable standard of judgment. |
| locusts | גֹּבַי / gōḇay | टिड्डियाँ | Low | Day of the Lord | Plague/judgment imagery. |
| ”the LORD relented” | נִחַם יְהוָה עַל־זֹאת | यहोवा पछताया / अपना विचार बदल दिया | High | Intercession; Providence | Distinguish from human मन फिराव and from ritual-manipulation expectations (puja). |
| king’s sanctuary | מִקְדַּשׁ־מֶלֶךְ | राजा का पवित्रस्थान | Medium | Empty Ritual | Reuses [Baseline] पवित्र; state-co-opted religion vs. prophetic independence. |
| ”I was no prophet…the LORD took me” | לֹא־נָבִיא אָנֹכִי…וַיִּקָּחֵנִי יְהוָה | मैं भविष्यद्वक्ता न था…यहोवा ने मुझे लिया | High | Divine Calling | Reuses [Baseline] भविष्यद्वक्ता, बुलाए हुए/बुलाहट. Authority from divine initiative alone. |
Chapter 8 Terms
| Term | Hebrew / Transliteration | Hindi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| summer fruit / the end (wordplay) | קַיִץ / קֵץ | गर्मी के फल की टोकरी / अन्त आ पहुंचा है | Medium | Day of the Lord | Untranslatable Hebrew pun; mandatory translator’s note. |
| trample the needy | שֹׁאֲפֵי אֶבְיוֹן | दीन को कुचलनेवाले | High | Social Justice | Reiterates chs.2/4 vocabulary. |
| false balances | מֹאזְנֵי מִרְמָה | छल के तराजू | High | Social Justice | Concrete commercial-fraud referent; do not abstract. |
| ephah / shekel | אֵיפָה / שֶׁקֶל | एपा / शेकेल | Low | Social Justice | Transliterated units; footnote on measurement fraud. |
| famine of hearing the word | רָעָב…לִשְׁמֹעַ אֶת־דִּבְרֵי יְהוָה | यहोवा के वचन को सुनने का अकाल | High | Inspiration of Scripture; Judgment | God’s sovereign withdrawal of revelation as judgment. |
| ”the Guilt of Samaria” (idol oath) | אַשְׁמַת שֹׁמְרוֹן | शोमरोन का दोष (देवता) | Medium | Idolatry | Transliterate with note; further idolatry evidence. |
Chapter 9 Terms
| Term | Hebrew / Transliteration; LXX | Hindi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ”eyes of the Lord GOD on the sinful kingdom” | עֵינֵי אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה בַּמַּמְלָכָה הַחַטָּאָה | प्रभु यहोवा की आंखें इस पापी राज्य पर लगी हैं | High | Sovereignty; Judgment | Divine omniscience combined with imminent judgment. |
| five-fold inescapability oracle | (Sheol / heaven / Carmel / sea / captivity) | प्रत्येक स्थान का शाब्दिक अनुवाद | High | Day of the Lord | Total divine reach; climactic expansion of judgment doctrine. |
| ”shaken as with a sieve” | כַּד לְנוּעַ בַּכְּבָרָה | चलनी में हिलाना | Medium | Election; Remnant | Thorough but discriminating judgment; prepares for remnant hope. |
| ”Are you not like the Cushites to me?” | הֲלוֹא כִבְנֵי כֻשִׁיִּים אַתֶּם לִי | क्या तुम मेरे लिये कूशियों के समान नहीं हो? | Critical | Sovereignty over Nations | Clearest statement of God’s providential governance of all nations’ histories. |
| tent/booth of David | סֻכַּת דָּוִיד הַנֹּפֶלֶת; LXX τὴν σκηνὴν Δαυὶδ τὴν πεπτωκυῖαν | दाऊद का गिरा हुआ तम्बू | Critical | Messianic Hope (core doctrine) | Reuses [Baseline] दाऊद. “Raise up” ≠ पुनरुत्थान (reserved for Christ’s bodily resurrection) — use फिर से खड़ा करना. Quoted in Acts 15:16-17. |
| its breaches | הַגָּדֵר…פְּרֻצֵיהֶן | उसकी दरारों को सुधारना | Medium | Messianic Hope | Rebuilding metaphor continues. |
| remnant of Edom / mankind (LXX crux) | שְׁאֵרִית אֱדוֹם; LXX οἱ κατάλοιποι τῶν ἀνθρώπων | एदोम के बचे हुए लोग (+ theologian footnote on LXX “मनुष्यों में से बचे हुए लोग”) | Critical | Messianic Hope; Gentile Inclusion | Reuses [Baseline] बचे हुए लोग. MT/LXX textual divergence underlies Acts 15’s Gentile-mission argument. |
| ”restore the fortunes” | שׁוּב שְׁבוּת / shûḇ shəḇûṯ | मैं अपनी प्रजा की समृद्धि लौटाऊंगा | High | Messianic Hope; Restoration | Reuses [Baseline] बहाली. Grace-initiated, not karmic-cyclical; permanence emphasized (9:15). |
Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Cross-Reference Index)
The following baseline translation_memory.json terms recur throughout Amos and MUST be used exactly as recorded there. Listed with the Amos chapters where they occur:
| Term | Hindi | Chapters in Amos |
|---|---|---|
| god | परमेश्वर | 1–9 (passim) |
| lord | प्रभु | 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (in “Adonai YHWH” combination) |
| david | दाऊद | 9 |
| israel | इस्राएल | 1–9 (passim) |
| covenant | वाचा | 1 (covenant of brotherhood) |
| remnant | बचे हुए लोग | 5, 9 |
| repentance | मन फिराव | 4 (return-refrain) |
| prophet | भविष्यद्वक्ता | 2, 3, 7 |
| prophecy | भविष्यवाणी | 3, 7 |
| idolatry | मूर्तिपूजा | 2, 5, 8 |
| righteousness | धार्मिकता | 2, 5, 6 |
| sin | पाप | throughout (contrasted with पेशा/transgression) |
| transgressor | अपराधी (root reused for अपराध) | 1–2 |
| holy | पवित्र | 2 (solemn assemblies), 3 (sanctuary), 7 |
| mystery | भेद | 3 |
| creator | सृजनहार | 4 (doxology) |
| sovereignty | परमेश्वर की संप्रभुता | 4, 9 (doxologies) |
| election | परमेश्वर का चुनाव | 3 |
| intercession | मध्यस्थता | 7 |
| boasting | घमण्ड | 6 |
| restoration | बहाली | 9 |
| called / calling | बुलाए हुए / बुलाहट | 7 |
| revelation | प्रकाशन | 1, 8 (word/vision themes) |
Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (new Amos terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 26 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 22 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 9 | Automated review |
Critical-tier new terms: Day of the LORD; YHWH; Sovereign LORD (Adonai YHWH); justice (mishpat); “Are you not like the Cushites to me?”; tent/booth of David; remnant of Edom/mankind (LXX crux); righteousness (baseline-reused, Critical status retained).
This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All new entries here should be merged into a version-incremented translation_memory.json before Phase 2 translation begins, per the enforcement rules of 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvara
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर, भगवान
Original: אֱלֹהִים
Category: God
परमेश्वर (Supreme Lord) is the BSI OV standard. ईश्वर is acceptable in some contexts; भगवान has broad Hindu deity usage — avoid. In Amos this generic term for deity (Elohim) must remain visually distinct from यहोवा (the personal covenant name). Inherited from Romans package.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: Prabhu
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
Established term for Adonai/exclusive supreme Lordship. In Amos, combines with यहोवा as the ‘Sovereign LORD’ formula (see sovereign_lord entry) at ~20 occurrences. Inherited from Romans package.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, न्याय
Original: צְדָקָה
Category: Social Justice
CRITICAL: Never use धर्म. Baseline forensic sense (right standing before God received through faith) extends in Amos to a lived-ethical, social dimension — right conduct flowing from covenant relationship, especially toward the poor. Always paired with न्याय at 5:24; note that न्याय (justice/mishpat) itself is a DISTINCT Hebrew concept from धार्मिकता (righteousness/tsedaqah) and is not a contradiction of the baseline’s rejection of न्याय as an alternative gloss FOR धार्मिकता — the two terms remain paired but non-interchangeable. Inherited from Romans package.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: यहोवा का दिन
Transliteration: Yahovā kā dina
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: शुभ दिन, अशुभ दिन, सामान्य भविष्य का दिन (generic future day)
Original: יוֹם יְהוָה
Category: Judgment
Amos 1:14; 2:16; 5:18(x2),20; 8:3,9,13; 9:11. Must never be softened into a generic future day or conflated with an astrologically auspicious/inauspicious day calculated by panchang reckoning. A day of moral reckoning fixed by a personal covenant God. Amos’s rhetorical reversal — Israel desires this day expecting vindication, but it will be darkness — is the passage’s entire point and must survive translation. Theologian review every occurrence.
Justice
Approved rendering: न्याय
Transliteration: nyāya
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, विधि (mere legal procedure, loses the full social-order sense)
Original: מִשְׁפָּט
Category: Social Justice
Amos 5:7,15,24; 6:12. New Critical-risk term for this curriculum, absent from the Romans/Galatians baseline. Must never be reduced to procedural/legal fairness alone; must carry the full weight of right social order flowing from God’s own moral character, ALWAYS paired inseparably with धार्मिकता (5:24). Absolute prohibition on धर्म, the single most likely instinctive Hindi substitution given the surface resemblance of ‘justice and righteousness’ to dharma-discourse. Theologian review required at every occurrence.
Yhwh
Approved rendering: यहोवा
Transliteration: Yahovā
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Rejected alternatives: परमेश्वर (generic, would erase covenant-specific force)
Original: יְהוָה
Category: God
Amos’s dominant name for God, used over 80 times. Must be kept visually and doctrinally distinct from परमेश्वर (generic Elohim) and प्रभु (Adonai). Emphasizes the personal covenant identity by which Israel’s judgment (unlike the nations’) is framed as covenant betrayal (ch.2). Theologian review recommended given density and doctrinal load.
Sovereign Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु यहोवा
Transliteration: Prabhu Yahovā
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Rejected alternatives: प्रभु परमेश्वर (acceptable secondary form per semantic analysis, but rejected here in favor of absolute consistency)
Original: אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה
Category: God
Amos 1:8; 3:7-8,11,13; 4:2; 5:3; 6:8; 7:1-6; 8:1,3,9,11; 9:8 (Adonai YHWH). Render identically at every occurrence — this combination structurally marks the book’s most solemn oracles; inconsistent rendering would obscure that structural marker.
Are You Not Like The Cushites
Approved rendering: क्या तुम मेरे लिये कूशियों के समान नहीं हो?
Transliteration: kyā tuma mere liye Kūśiyoṃ ke samāna nahīṃ ho?
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Original: הֲלוֹא כִבְנֵי כֻשִׁיִּים אַתֶּם לִי
Category: Sovereignty
Amos 9:7. The clearest single statement in Amos of God’s Sovereignty over All Nations — his providential governance of migration and history extends to Israel’s enemies as fully as to Israel herself. Directly confronts any hereditary/caste-superiority misreading of covenant chosen-ness. Theologian review required at every occurrence.
Tent Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊद का गिरा हुआ तम्बू
Transliteration: Dāūda kā girā huā tambū
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Rejected alternatives: पुनरुत्थान-आधारित ‘फिर से जीवित होना’ (would collide with the Critical baseline resurrection_of_christ term), अवतार-सदृश ‘फिर से अवतरण’ (avatar-descent framing)
Original: סֻכַּת דָּוִיד הַנֹּפֶלֶת
Category: Messianic Hope
Amos 9:11; quoted in Acts 15:16-17 (LXX τὴν σκηνὴν Δαυὶδ τὴν πεπτωκυῖαν). The book’s doctrinal climax. TWO mandatory translator-note cautions: (1) ‘raise up/rebuild’ verbs must use फिर से खड़ा करना/बनाना — NEVER पुनरुत्थान, reserved exclusively and Critically by the baseline for Christ’s own bodily resurrection; (2) the ‘tent/booth’ image must not be assimilated to Hindu sacred-structure or avatar-descent concepts — it recalls the historical Davidic monarchy and covenant (2 Sam.7). Reuses baseline दाऊद exactly. Theologian review required at every occurrence.
Remnant Of Edom
Approved rendering: एदोम के बचे हुए लोग
Transliteration: Edoma ke bace hue loga
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Original: שְׁאֵרִית אֱדוֹם (MT); LXX οἱ κατάλοιποι τῶν ἀνθρώπων
Category: Messianic Hope
Amos 9:12 (MT sheʾerit Edom; LXX hoi kataloipoi tōn anthrōpōn, ‘remnant of mankind’). Reuses baseline बचे हुए लोग. A one-letter/one-vowel Hebrew textual crux (Edom/mankind) underlying Acts 15:17’s Gentile-inclusion argument. Render the standard MT-based Hindi text but attach a MANDATORY theologian’s footnote documenting the LXX ‘मनुष्यों में से बचे हुए लोग’ reading, so any material connecting Amos 9 to Acts 15 is not caught off guard by the wording difference. Both readings retain ‘all the nations called by my name’ (9:12b).
High Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Dāūda
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant
BSI OV proper name form. Risk elevated above the baseline’s Medium rating for Amos because this proper name anchors the book’s climactic messianic-hope doctrine (9:11). Inherited from Romans package (risk tier raised for Amos context per doctrine_risk_registry.json).
Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: Covenant Curses and Historical Judgment on the Nations
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, समझौता
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Relational covenant bond; more than a legal contract. In Amos 1:9 applied even to a treaty between Gentile nations (see covenant_of_brotherhood). Inherited from Romans package.
Remnant
Approved rendering: बचे हुए लोग
Transliteration: bace hue loga
Doctrine: Remnant and Future Hope
Original: שְׁאֵרִית
Category: Election
The remnant chosen and preserved by grace, not by its own merit or survival skill — a live risk of merit-based misreading given the cultural association of survival with accumulated good karma. Underlies remnant_of_joseph (5:15) and remnant_of_edom (9:12). Inherited from Romans package.
Repentance
Approved rendering: मन फिराव
Transliteration: mana phirāva
Doctrine: Divine Patience and the Call to Repentance
Rejected alternatives: पश्चाताप
Original: שׁוּב
Category: Repentance
Turning of the whole mind/life toward God, not merely feeling remorse or performing penance. Central to the five-fold refrain of 4:6-11 (see yet_you_did_not_return_to_me). Inherited from Romans package.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: मूर्तिपूजा
Transliteration: mūrtipūjā
Doctrine: Idolatry and Syncretistic Worship
Original: various (molten images, astral idols)
Category: Idolatry
Direct term; handle pastorally in Hindu-background contexts but do not soften the biblical claim. Occurs at 2:4,8; 5:26; 8:14, demonstrating outward Yahwistic ritual coexisting with actual syncretistic idol-worship. Inherited from Romans package.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Covenant Curses and Historical Judgment on the Nations
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: חֵטְא / חַטָּאָה
Category: Sin
Moral transgression before a personal God; distinguish from ritual impurity and bad karma. In Amos, distinguish from the stronger, more deliberate अपराध (pesha/transgression) used for the nations’ and Israel’s covenant-defiant rebellion in chs. 1-2. Inherited from Romans package.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Original: קֹדֶשׁ / קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Worship
Set apart for God; morally pure. In Amos applied to sacred assemblies (5:21, see feasts_and_solemn_assemblies) and to sanctuaries (7:13, see kings_sanctuary; 3:14, see altars_of_bethel). Inherited from Romans package.
Creator
Approved rendering: सृजनहार
Transliteration: sṛjanahāra
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा
Original: יוֹצֵר / בּוֹרֵא
Category: Sovereignty
Never Hindu creator-deity names. Anchors the recurring God-of-Hosts doxological refrain (4:13; 5:8-9,27; 6:14; 9:5-6) — see god_of_hosts_doxology. Inherited from Romans package.
Sovereignty
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर की संप्रभुता
Transliteration: Parameśvara kī samprabhutā
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, नियति
Original: underlying the doxological refrains and 9:7 (theological concept, no single Hebrew lexeme)
Category: Sovereignty
God’s personal rule; never impersonal fate/karma. Grounds the doctrine of Sovereignty over All Nations throughout Amos 1-2 and 9:7-8. Inherited from Romans package.
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का चुनाव
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā cunāva
Doctrine: Covenant Election and Greater Accountability
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, नियति, किस्मत
Original: יָדַע (elective sense) / בָּחַר
Category: Election
God’s sovereign, personal choice; not karma-determined fate. In Amos 3:2 this election grounds greater accountability, not exemption — see you_only_have_i_known entry. Inherited from Romans package.
Called
Approved rendering: बुलाए हुए
Transliteration: bulāe hue
Doctrine: Divine Calling of the Prophet
Rejected alternatives: निमंत्रित, आमंत्रित
Context-sensitive per baseline note. In Amos, specifically a ministry/prophetic calling (7:15), not a calling to salvation generally. Inherited from Romans package.
Calling
Approved rendering: बुलाहट
Transliteration: bulāhaṭ
Doctrine: Divine Calling of the Prophet
Rejected alternatives: आह्वान
Noun form for the act/state of being called. Pairs with i_was_no_prophet (7:14-15), where Amos’s authority rests entirely on God’s sovereign initiative, not human institutional pedigree. Inherited from Romans package.
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavasthā
Doctrine: Covenant Curses and Historical Judgment on the Nations
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, शरीयत, नियम
Torah/Mosaic law. NEVER use धर्म. In Amos 2:4 underlies law_of_the_lord (תּוֹרַת יְהוָה), Judah’s rejected covenant obligation. Inherited from Romans package.
Gods Rejection Of Ritual
Approved rendering: मैं घृणा करता हूँ / मैं तुच्छ जानता हूँ
Transliteration: maiṃ ghṛṇā karatā hūṃ / maiṃ tuccha jānatā hūṃ
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: मुझे पसंद नहीं (too soft, loses covenant-lawsuit tone)
Original: שָׂנֵאתִי / מָאַסְתִּי
Category: Worship
Amos 5:21. Strong first-person covenant-rejection verbs (śane’ti/ma’asti), used elsewhere of divorce-level repudiation. Must preserve double intensity and first-person directness.
Feasts And Solemn Assemblies
Approved rendering: तुम्हारे पर्व / तुम्हारी पवित्र सभाएँ
Transliteration: tumhāre parva / tumhārī pavitra sabhāeṃ
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: धार्मिक-सभा (risks the धर्म morpheme)
Original: חַגֵּיכֶם / עַצְּרֹתֵיכֶם
Category: Worship
Amos 5:21. God-instituted pilgrimage feasts (Lev.23) now appropriated as self-serving performance. Reuses baseline पवित्र. Mandatory translator note: not a blanket condemnation of ritual/liturgy/assembly (God-instituted) but of festival-observance detached from justice (5:24).
Burnt Offering
Approved rendering: होमबलि
Transliteration: homabali
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: बलि, यज्ञ
Original: עֹלָה
Category: Worship
Amos 5:22. The literal Levitical whole burnt offering, wholly consumed. A real, God-commanded OT ritual category; must not be assimilated to Hindu बलि/यज्ञ offered to appease a deity — rejected here because severed from justice, not because ritual is inherently illegitimate. Distinct referent from the baseline’s NT metaphorical living_sacrifice.
Grain Offering
Approved rendering: अन्नबलि / भेंट
Transliteration: annabali / bheṇṭa
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: बलि, यज्ञ
Original: מִנְחָה
Category: Worship
Amos 5:22. The bloodless grain/tribute offering (minchah). Same sacrificial-system caution as burnt_offering.
Peace Offering
Approved rendering: मेलबलि
Transliteration: melabali
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: बलि, यज्ञ
Original: שֶׁלֶם
Category: Worship
Amos 5:22. The fellowship/communion sacrifice (shelem), etymologically tied to शांति/shalom — heightening the irony that the ‘peace offering’ is rejected for lack of true covenant peace underneath it.
Three Transgressions And Four
Approved rendering: …के तीन अपराधों, वरन चार के कारण
Transliteration: …ke tīna aparādhoṃ, varana cāra ke kāraṇa
Doctrine: Covenant Curses and Historical Judgment on the Nations
Original: עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה פִּשְׁעֵי…וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָה
Category: Judgment
Amos 1:3-2:6 (eight occurrences). Hebrew idiom of overflowing completeness (‘sin upon sin’), NOT a literal count of exactly three or four sins. Mandatory translator note at first occurrence (1:3), silently but consistently reapplied at every subsequent oracle.
Transgression
Approved rendering: अपराध
Transliteration: aparādha
Doctrine: Covenant Curses and Historical Judgment on the Nations
Original: פֶּשַׁע
Category: Sin
Amos 1-2 (pesha). Willful, defiant covenant-rebellion, stronger and more deliberate than generic पाप (chet, ‘missing the mark’). Must be kept lexically distinct from पाप throughout.
Gods Irrevocable Judgment
Approved rendering: मैं उसका दण्ड न पलटूंगा
Transliteration: maiṃ usakā daṇḍa na palaṭūṃgā
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: לֹא אֲשִׁיבֶנּוּ
Category: Judgment
Amos 1:3,6,9,11,13; 2:1,4,6. Refrain declaring irrevocable certainty of judgment on each nation. Must not be softened into a conditional or merely probable warning.
Exile
Approved rendering: बंधुआई / देश-निकाला
Transliteration: bandhuāī / deśa-nikālā
Doctrine: Covenant Curses and Historical Judgment on the Nations
Original: גָּלוּת / הִגְלָה
Category: Sovereignty
Amos 1:5,6,9,15. Literal historical forced deportation (the Assyrian exile of 722 BC looms over the book); must not be spiritualized or metaphorized into a non-literal dislocation.
Covenant Of Brotherhood
Approved rendering: भाईचारे की वाचा
Transliteration: bhāīcāre kī vācā
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Original: בְּרִית אַחִים
Category: Covenant
Amos 1:9 (Tyre’s indictment). Reuses baseline वाचा exactly. Shows a Gentile nation held accountable by God for breaking a treaty obligation — early evidence that moral accountability to God is not limited to Israel.
Law Of The Lord
Approved rendering: यहोवा की व्यवस्था
Transliteration: Yahovā kī vyavasthā
Doctrine: Covenant Curses and Historical Judgment on the Nations
Rejected alternatives: यहोवा का धर्म
Original: תּוֹרַת יְהוָה
Category: Covenant
Amos 2:4 (Judah’s indictment). Reuses baseline व्यवस्था exactly; never धर्म.
The Righteous
Approved rendering: धर्मी
Transliteration: dharmī
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: צַדִּיק
Category: Social Justice
Amos 2:6. A person of right covenant standing, sold into debt-slavery for silver. Distinct from abstract baseline धार्मिकता (the quality); धर्मी names the person.
Needy
Approved rendering: कंगाल / दरिद्र
Transliteration: kaṃgāla / daridra
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: אֶבְיוֹן
Category: Social Justice
Amos 2:6; 4:1; 5:12; 8:4,6 (evyon). Destitute poor. Must retain the sense of genuine material destitution caused by active exploitation, never a karma-inflected reading implying the poor’s own moral/karmic failing.
Poor And Low
Approved rendering: दीन
Transliteration: dīna
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: דַּל
Category: Social Justice
Amos 2:7; 4:1; 8:6 (dal). Retain the violent, physical force of ‘trample the head of the poor into the dust’; do not soften into an abstract ‘mistreat.’ Never a karma-desert reading.
You Only Have I Known
Approved rendering: मैंने तुम ही को जाना है
Transliteration: maiṃne tuma hī ko jānā hai
Doctrine: Covenant Election and Greater Accountability
Rejected alternatives: मुझे तुम्हारे बारे में मालूम है (mere cognitive awareness, loses relational-elective sense)
Original: יָדַע
Category: Election
Amos 3:2 (yada). Relational, covenant-elective knowledge, used as grounds for GREATER accountability, not exemption. Must resist a reading in which chosen-ness or hereditary/caste-conferred status grants automatic immunity from moral scrutiny.
Oppress And Crush
Approved rendering: अंधेर करना / कुचलना
Transliteration: andhera karanā / kucalanā
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: עָשַׁק / רָצַץ
Category: Social Justice
Amos 4:1 (ashaq/ratsats); recurs conceptually at 8:4. Central Social Justice vocabulary; must retain the active, violent sense, not a passive ‘neglect.‘
Come To Bethel And Transgress
Approved rendering: बेतेल में आओ और अपराध करो; गिलगाल में जाओ और अपराध बढ़ाओ
Transliteration: Baitela meṃ āo aura aparādha karo; Gilagāla meṃ jāo aura aparādha baḍhāo
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: בֹּאוּ בֵית־אֵל וּפִשְׁעוּ הַגִּלְגָּל הַרְבּוּ לִפְשֹׁעַ
Category: Worship
Amos 4:4. God’s biting sarcastic ‘invitation’ to worship, recast as invitation to sin. Interpretive hinge for the entire Judgment-on-Empty-Ritual doctrine. The sarcasm (‘for so you love to do!’) must be audible in Hindi, not read as sincere.
Yet You Did Not Return To Me
Approved rendering: तौभी तुम मेरी ओर न फिरे
Transliteration: taubhī tuma merī ora na phire
Doctrine: Divine Patience and the Call to Repentance
Original: וְלֹא־שַׁבְתֶּם עָדַי נְאֻם־יְהוָה
Category: Repentance
Amos 4:6,8,9,10,11 (shuv, five-fold refrain). Ties to baseline मन फिराव. Must stay relational and personal — a patient God repeatedly appealing to a refusing people — never an impersonal, mechanical cause-and-effect pattern resembling karma.
Prepare To Meet Your God
Approved rendering: अपने परमेश्वर से मिलने को तैयार हो जा
Transliteration: apane Parameśvara se milane ko taiyāra ho jā
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: הִכּוֹן לִקְרַאת־אֱלֹהֶיךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Judgment
Amos 4:12. Ominous summons to stand before the Judge, climaxing the failed-discipline refrain. Must retain confrontational, courtroom force — NOT a devotional invitation to an auspicious darshan-style encounter with a deity.
God Of Hosts Doxology
Approved rendering: सेनाओं का परमेश्वर यहोवा उसका नाम है
Transliteration: Senāoṃ kā Parameśvara Yahovā usakā nāma hai
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Original: יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי־צְבָאוֹת שְׁמוֹ
Category: Sovereignty
Amos 4:13; 5:8-9,27; 6:14; 9:5-6 (recurring doxological refrain). Must communicate God’s singular, absolute command over ALL creation/celestial powers, never ‘a chief god commanding armies of lesser gods’ (a possible collision with a Hindu-pantheon devas-and-armies framework). Render identically at every occurrence.
Virgin Israel Has Fallen
Approved rendering: इस्राएल की कुंवारी कन्या गिर पड़ी है, वह फिर न उठेगी
Transliteration: Isrāela kī kuṃvārī kanyā gira paḍī hai, vaha phira na uṭhegī
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: בְּתוּלַת יִשְׂרָאֵל נָפְלָה
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:2. Israel personified as a once-protected young woman now fallen dead, never to rise. Must retain vivid funeral-dirge finality; grimly echoed and reversed by the ‘raise up’ language of 9:11.
Seek
Approved rendering: ढूंढना / खोजना
Transliteration: ḍhūṃḍhanā / khojanā
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: דָּרַשׁ
Category: Social Justice
Amos 5:4,6,14 (darash). Mandatory translator note distinguishing biblical ‘seeking God’ from a pilgrimage-to-sacred-site paradigm (tirtha-yatra); explicitly redirected away from Bethel/Gilgal/Beersheba toward God himself and inseparable from seeking ‘good’ — justice (5:15).
Bribe
Approved rendering: घूस
Transliteration: ghūsa
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: שֹׁחַד / כֹּפֶר
Category: Social Justice
Amos 5:12 (shochad/kopher). Direct continuation of the Social Justice doctrine’s judicial-corruption vocabulary.
Remnant Of Joseph
Approved rendering: बचे हुए लोग (यूसुफ के)
Transliteration: bace hue loga (Yūsupha ke)
Doctrine: Remnant and Future Hope
Original: שְׁאֵרִית יוֹסֵף
Category: Election
Amos 5:15. Reuses baseline बचे हुए लोग exactly. The book’s first note of hope-after-judgment, culminating in ch.9’s Davidic restoration.
At Ease In Zion
Approved rendering: चैन से बैठे हुए / निश्चिन्त
Transliteration: caina se baiṭhe hue / niścinta
Doctrine: Pride and Complacency versus Covenant Faithfulness
Original: שַׁאֲנַן
Category: Judgment
Amos 6:1 (sha’anan). Must be lexically and theologically distinguished from baseline शांति (true relational peace with God) — this is FALSE, self-satisfied ease, indifferent to ‘the ruin of Joseph’ (6:6).
Pride Of Jacob
Approved rendering: याकूब का घमण्ड
Transliteration: Yākūba kā ghamaṇḍa
Doctrine: Pride and Complacency versus Covenant Faithfulness
Original: גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב
Category: Sin
Amos 6:8. Reuses baseline घमण्ड (boasting) exactly. A striking OT/NT intertextual bridge — the same self-reliant pride the NT baseline excludes from justification (Rom.3:27) is here ‘abhorred’ by God in national self-satisfaction.
Divine Self Oath
Approved rendering: प्रभु यहोवा ने अपनी ही शपथ खाई है
Transliteration: Prabhu Yahovā ne apanī hī śapatha khāī hai
Doctrine: God’s Unchanging Character and Self-Oath
Original: נִשְׁבַּע אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה בְּנַפְשׁוֹ
Category: Judgment
Amos 6:8. The strongest possible divine self-guarantee (having none greater to swear by). Must not be read as a conditional promise open to ritual/human alteration.
Plumb Line
Approved rendering: साहुल
Transliteration: sāhula
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: אֲנָךְ
Category: Judgment
Amos 7:7-8 (anak). A weighted builder’s cord; precise, objective, non-negotiable judgment-standard. Requires an explanatory note as the metaphor is culturally unfamiliar to many urban Hindi readers.
The Lord Relented
Approved rendering: यहोवा पछताया / अपना विचार बदल दिया
Transliteration: Yahovā pachatāyā / apanā vicāra badala diyā
Doctrine: Intercessory Prayer and God’s Relenting
Original: נִחַם יְהוָה עַל־זֹאת
Category: Prayer and Providence
Amos 7:3,6 (nicham). Anthropopathic expression of God changing his announced course, NOT a change in his character. Mandatory translator note distinguishing this from (a) human मन फिराव, and (b) an ANE/Hindu-devotional expectation that correct ritual (puja) manipulates a deity’s mood — this is God’s own sovereign mercy responding to intercession (मध्यस्थता).
I Was No Prophet
Approved rendering: मैं भविष्यद्वक्ता न था…यहोवा ने मुझे लिया
Transliteration: maiṃ bhaviṣyadvaktā na thā…Yahovā ne mujhe liyā
Doctrine: Divine Calling of the Prophet
Original: לֹא־נָבִיא אָנֹכִי וְלֹא בֶן־נָבִיא אָנֹכִי…וַיִּקָּחֵנִי יְהוָה
Category: Divine Calling
Amos 7:14-15. Reuses baseline भविष्यद्वक्ता, बुलाए हुए/बुलाहट. Authority derives entirely from God’s sovereign initiative, not human institutional pedigree — must be kept distinct from the guru-parampara model of Indian religious pedagogy.
Trample The Needy
Approved rendering: दीन को कुचलनेवाले
Transliteration: dīna ko kucalanevāle
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: שֹׁאֲפֵי אֶבְיוֹן…לְהַשְׁבִּית עַנְוֵי־אָרֶץ
Category: Social Justice
Amos 8:4. Reiterates chapters 2/4’s core Social Justice vocabulary (evyon, dal); must not be abstracted into generic ‘unkindness.‘
False Balances
Approved rendering: छल के तराजू
Transliteration: chala ke tarāzū
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: מֹאזְנֵי מִרְמָה
Category: Social Justice
Amos 8:5. Concrete commercial-fraud referent (shrinking the measure, inflating the price) — must not be abstracted into a vague ‘dishonesty.‘
Famine Of Hearing The Word
Approved rendering: यहोवा के वचन को सुनने का अकाल
Transliteration: Yahovā ke vacana ko sunane kā akāla
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sovereign Withdrawal of God’s Word
Original: רָעָב…לִשְׁמֹעַ אֶת־דִּבְרֵי יְהוָה
Category: Prophecy and Revelation
Amos 8:11-12. God’s sovereign, ACTIVE withdrawal of prophetic revelation as judgment — not a metaphorical dry spell or naturalistic absence of teachers. Ties to the Inspiration of Scripture doctrine in reverse.
Eyes Of The Lord On The Sinful Kingdom
Approved rendering: प्रभु यहोवा की आंखें इस पापी राज्य पर लगी हैं
Transliteration: Prabhu Yahovā kī āṃkheṃ isa pāpī rājya para lagī haiṃ
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Original: עֵינֵי אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה בַּמַּמְלָכָה הַחַטָּאָה
Category: Sovereignty
Amos 9:8. Combines divine omniscience/oversight with imminent judgment. Ties to Sovereignty/Providence doctrine, reusing baseline परमेश्वर की संप्रभुता.
Five Fold Inescapability Oracle
Approved rendering: शीओल, स्वर्ग, कर्मेल, समुद्र, बंधुआई — प्रत्येक स्थान से ‘वहाँ भी मेरा हाथ उन्हें पकड़ लेगा’
Transliteration: Śīola, svarga, Karmela, samudra, bandhuāī — pratyeka sthāna se ‘vahāṃ bhī merā hātha unheṃ pakaḍa legā’
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: אִם־יַחְתְּרוּ בִשְׁאוֹל…
Category: Judgment
Amos 9:2-4. Sheol/heaven/Carmel/sea-floor/captivity — each clause ending ‘there my hand shall take them.’ Render each geographic extreme concretely; the climactic expansion of the Day-of-the-Lord doctrine, total divine reach with no forbearance remaining.
Restore The Fortunes
Approved rendering: मैं अपनी प्रजा इस्राएल की समृद्धि लौटाऊंगा
Transliteration: maiṃ apanī prajā Isrāela kī samṛddhi lauṭāūṃgā
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Original: שׁוּב שְׁבוּת
Category: Messianic Hope
Amos 9:14 (shuv shevut). Reuses baseline बहाली. God’s own gracious sovereign initiative restoring covenant blessing — not a cyclical karma-return or merely political restoration divorced from covenant relationship; the concluding permanence (‘never again uprooted,’ 9:15) is itself an act of grace.
Medium Risk Terms
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāela
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Proper name; BSI established form. Used throughout Amos both for the northern kingdom specifically and for the whole covenant nation. Inherited from Romans package.
Transgressor
Approved rendering: अपराधी
Transliteration: aparādhī
Doctrine: Covenant Curses and Historical Judgment on the Nations
Covenant/law transgressor before God specifically, not merely a civil criminal. Root shared with अपराध (transgression, pesha) used throughout Amos 1-2. Inherited from Romans package.
Mystery
Approved rendering: भेद
Transliteration: bheda
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sovereign Withdrawal of God’s Word
Rejected alternatives: रहस्य
A now-revealed secret of God’s plan, not esoteric hidden knowledge. In Amos 3:7 (סוֹד, sod) this is the term for God’s plan disclosed to his prophets before he acts — see secret_counsel entry. Inherited from Romans package.
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Intercessory Prayer and God’s Relenting
Rejected alternatives: शफाअत
Original: implied in Amos’s plea, ‘O Lord GOD, please forgive! Please cease!’
Category: Prayer and Providence
Prayer on behalf of others. In Amos 7:2,5, Amos’s intercession for Israel precedes God’s relenting (see the_lord_relented). Inherited from Romans package.
Restoration
Approved rendering: बहाली
Transliteration: bahālī
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Israel’s future restoration. In Amos 9:14 underlies restore_the_fortunes — God’s own gracious sovereign initiative, not a cyclical karma-return. Inherited from Romans package.
Revelation
Approved rendering: प्रकाशन
Transliteration: prakāśana
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sovereign Withdrawal of God’s Word
Rejected alternatives: दर्शन (darshan, devotional sight of a deity), साक्षात्कार (mystical self-realization)
Original: חָזוֹן / סוֹד
Category: Prophecy and Revelation
God’s objective disclosure grounding prophetic authority, not a devotional/mystical attainment. In Amos, used for חָזוֹן (chazon, vision, 1:1) in objective-disclosure contexts — see vision entry; bare दर्शन is fenced off. Inherited from Romans package.
Peace
Approved rendering: शांति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Pride and Complacency versus Covenant Faithfulness
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुकून
Relational peace with God through justification, not psychological calm. In Amos this true peace must be kept lexically and theologically distinct from the FALSE complacent ease condemned at 6:1 (चैन से बैठे हुए) — see at_ease_in_zion. Inherited from Romans package.
Darkness And Light
Approved rendering: अंधकार / ज्योति
Transliteration: andhakāra / jyoti
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: חֹשֶׁךְ / אוֹר
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:18,20. Judgment-reversal metaphor. Per the baseline glory/armor-of-light guardrail, avoid extending ज्योति toward Hindu divine-radiance or darshan associations.
Gloom And Brightness
Approved rendering: घोर अंधकार / चमक
Transliteration: ghora andhakāra / camaka
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: אֹפֶל / נֹגַהּ
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:20. A second, intensified darkness/light pair; maintain the intensifying parallelism distinct from v.18’s pair — do not collapse into one repeated word.
Fattened Animals
Approved rendering: पुष्ट पशु
Transliteration: puṣṭa paśu
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: מְרִיא
Category: Worship
Amos 5:22. Grain-fed, fattened livestock — the choicest sacrificial animals. Emphasizes that Israel’s very best offerings, not token ones, are being rejected.
Noise Of Your Songs
Approved rendering: तेरे गीतों का शोर
Transliteration: tere gītoṃ kā śora
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: הֲמוֹן שִׁירֶיךָ
Category: Worship
Amos 5:23. God reclassifies Israel’s temple music as tumult/noise. Preserve the deliberate insult — sacred music called ‘noise,’ not neutrally ‘sound.‘
Ever Flowing Stream
Approved rendering: जल की नाई लगातार बहता रहे, और धार्मिकता कभी न सूखनेवाली नदी के समान
Transliteration: jala kī nāī lagātāra bahatā rahe, aura dhārmikatā kabhī na sūkhanevālī nadī ke samāna
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: גָּלַל / נַחַל אֵיתָן
Category: Social Justice
Amos 5:24. Justice/righteousness as a perennial stream, contrasted with Israel’s seasonal wadis. Avoid phrasing evoking a sacred river’s ritual-purification sanctity (e.g., Ganga-adjacent imagery); the image is moral constancy, not purificatory ritual.
Vision
Approved rendering: प्रकाशन (contextual; दर्शन only with clarifying note)
Transliteration: prakāśana
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sovereign Withdrawal of God’s Word
Rejected alternatives: दर्शन (bare, devotional-sight connotation)
Original: חָזוֹן
Category: Prophecy and Revelation
Amos 1:1 superscription (chazon). Avoid दर्शन’s devotional-sight connotation; prefer baseline प्रकाशन where the objective-disclosure sense is meant. Elevated caution here because Amos is structurally organized around five visions (chs. 7-9).
Fire Of Judgment
Approved rendering: आग
Transliteration: āga
Doctrine: Covenant Curses and Historical Judgment on the Nations
Original: אֵשׁ
Category: Judgment
Amos 1:4,7,10,12,14; 2:2,5. Standard judgment imagery, consistent across all eight nation-oracles.
Lord Roars From Zion
Approved rendering: यहोवा सिय्योन से गरजता है
Transliteration: Yahovā Siyyona se garajatā hai
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: יְהוָה מִצִּיּוֹן יִשְׁאָג
Category: Judgment
Amos 1:2; echoed at 3:8. The book’s thesis-motto — a lion’s roar image of God’s fearsome verdict. Must be rendered identically at both occurrences to preserve the thematic echo.
Their Lies
Approved rendering: उनके झूठ / झूठे देवता
Transliteration: unake jhūṭha / jhūṭhe devatā
Doctrine: Idolatry and Syncretistic Worship
Original: כִּזְבֵיהֶם
Category: Idolatry
Amos 2:4. Idols described as ‘lies’ that led Judah’s ancestors astray. Ties to baseline मूर्तिपूजा.
Garments Taken In Pledge
Approved rendering: बन्धक में लिए वस्त्र
Transliteration: bandhaka meṃ lie vastra
Doctrine: Worship Instituted by God, Corrupted by Israel
Original: בְּגָדִים חֲבֻלִים
Category: Social Justice
Amos 2:8. A poor debtor’s pledged cloak (Ex.22:26-27), improperly retained and slept on beside the altar — the irony of sinning against the poor at the site of worship.
Nazirite
Approved rendering: नाज़ीरी
Transliteration: nāzīrī
Doctrine: Worship Instituted by God, Corrupted by Israel
Rejected alternatives: तपस्वी, साधु (general ascetic, wrongly assimilates to lifelong sannyasa)
Original: נָזִיר
Category: Divine Calling
Amos 2:11-12. A specific, time-bound OT consecration vow (Num.6), not a general ascetic vrata or lifelong renunciation. The sin condemned is Israel forcing Nazirites to break this vow.
Secret Counsel
Approved rendering: भेद
Transliteration: bheda
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sovereign Withdrawal of God’s Word
Rejected alternatives: रहस्य
Original: סוֹד
Category: Prophecy and Revelation
Amos 3:7 (sod). Reuses baseline भेद exactly. Establishes prophetic inspiration — God discloses plans through authorized prophets, not left inscrutable.
Altars Of Bethel
Approved rendering: बेतेल की वेदियाँ
Transliteration: Baitela kī vediyāṃ
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: מִזְבְּחוֹת בֵּית־אֵל
Category: Worship
Amos 3:14. Anticipates chapters 4-5’s sustained critique of Bethel as a corrupted worship center rivaling proper Yahwistic worship.
Cows Of Bashan
Approved rendering: बाशान की गायें
Transliteration: Bāśāna kī gāyeṃ
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: פָּרוֹת הַבָּשָׁן
Category: Social Justice
Amos 4:1. Satirical epithet for wealthy women of Samaria complicit in oppressing the poor. Flag for review: targets systemic economic oppression and luxury-complicity, NOT women’s inherent worth or a general anti-woman polemic.
Leaven In Thank Offering
Approved rendering: खमीरी वस्तु
Transliteration: khamīrī vastu
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: חָמֵץ
Category: Worship
Amos 4:5. Leavened bread improperly offered as a thank offering (technically prohibited, Lev.2:11) — proud, self-congratulatory but flawed and empty religiosity.
Lament Dirge
Approved rendering: विलाप गीत
Transliteration: vilāpa gīta
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: קִינָה
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:1 (qinah). Funeral-song genre sung over Israel before she has actually died, heightening the shock. Retain recognizable mourning-song genre markers.
The Gate
Approved rendering: नगर-द्वार
Transliteration: nagara-dvāra
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: שַׁעַר
Category: Social Justice
Amos 5:10,12,15 (sha’ar). The city gate, ancient courthouse/marketplace venue. Requires a cultural translator note or the judicial force of ‘establish justice in the gate’ is lost.
Wormwood
Approved rendering: कड़वाहट
Transliteration: kaḍavāhaṭa
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: לַעֲנָה
Category: Social Justice
Amos 5:7; cf. 6:12 (la’anah). Justice perverted into a bitter, poisonous plant-metaphor; avoid a bland rendering that loses the toxic force.
Sikkuth And Kiyyun
Approved rendering: सिक्कूत / कीयून
Transliteration: Sikkūta / Kīyūna
Doctrine: Idolatry and Syncretistic Worship
Original: סִכּוּת מַלְכְּכֶם וְכִיּוּן צַלְמֵיכֶם
Category: Idolatry
Amos 5:26. Proper names of astral idols Israel secretly carried. Transliterate with an explanatory note; reuses baseline मूर्तिपूजा framework. Demonstrates the ritual emptiness of 5:21-24 was concealed idolatry, not mere formalism.
Grieved Over The Ruin Of Joseph
Approved rendering: यूसुफ के विनाश के कारण दुखी नहीं होते
Transliteration: Yūsupha ke vināśa ke kāraṇa dukhī nahīṃ hote
Doctrine: Pride and Complacency versus Covenant Faithfulness
Original: חָלָה עַל־שֵׁבֶר יוֹסֵף
Category: Social Justice
Amos 6:6. The wealthy elite’s moral numbness toward the nation’s coming collapse, despite luxury (ivory beds, choice meats, wine, oils, songs).
Kings Sanctuary
Approved rendering: राजा का पवित्रस्थान
Transliteration: rājā kā pavitrasthāna
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: מִקְדַּשׁ־מֶלֶךְ
Category: Worship
Amos 7:13. Amaziah’s description of Bethel — state-controlled religion opposing independent prophetic witness. Reuses baseline पवित्र.
Summer Fruit The End
Approved rendering: गर्मी के फल की टोकरी / मेरी प्रजा इस्राएल का अन्त आ पहुंचा है
Transliteration: garmī ke phala kī ṭokarī / merī prajā Isrāela kā anta ā pahuṃcā hai
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: קַיִץ / קֵץ
Category: Judgment
Amos 8:1-2 (qayits/qets untranslatable Hebrew pun). Render both senses literally with a MANDATORY translator’s note explaining the lost wordplay — a translation-mechanics risk, not a doctrinal-collision risk.
Guilt Of Samaria
Approved rendering: शोमरोन का दोष (देवता)
Transliteration: Śomarona kā doṣa (devatā)
Doctrine: Idolatry and Syncretistic Worship
Original: אַשְׁמַת שֹׁמְרוֹן
Category: Idolatry
Amos 8:14. An oath sworn by a Samarian idol/cultic entity, paired with idols of Dan and Beersheba. Transliterate proper names with an explanatory note.
Shaken As With A Sieve
Approved rendering: चलनी में हिलाना
Transliteration: calanī meṃ hilānā
Doctrine: Remnant and Future Hope
Original: כַּד לְנוּעַ בַּכְּבָרָה
Category: Election
Amos 9:9. Israel shaken among the nations like grain in a sieve, yet not the least pebble falling — judgment thorough but discriminating, preserving a remnant. Prepares directly for 9:11-15.
Its Breaches
Approved rendering: उसकी दरारों को सुधारना
Transliteration: usakī darāroṃ ko sudhāranā
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Original: הַגָּדֵר…פְּרֻצֵיהֶן
Category: Messianic Hope
Amos 9:11. Continues the rebuilding/construction metaphor of tent_of_david; keep concrete construction imagery, never resurrection vocabulary.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Divine Calling of the Prophet
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: נָבִיא
Category: Divine Calling
God’s spokesperson; do not confuse with astrologer/fortune-teller. Central to Amos’s confrontation with Amaziah (7:12-15) and the silencing of prophets condemned in 2:12. Inherited from Romans package.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sovereign Withdrawal of God’s Word
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल
Original: נְבוּאָה (root נבא)
Category: Prophecy and Revelation
God-inspired declaration; distinct from astrological predictions. Ties to Amos’s prophetic-compulsion statement (3:8) and the famine-of-the-word passage (8:11-12). Inherited from Romans package.
Boasting
Approved rendering: घमण्ड
Transliteration: ghamaṇḍa
Doctrine: Pride and Complacency versus Covenant Faithfulness
Excluded by the law of faith in Romans 3:27. In Amos 6:8, God ‘abhors’ the very national self-satisfied pride (गaon Ya’aqov) this term names — see pride_of_jacob, a striking OT/NT intertextual bridge. Inherited from Romans package.
Woe
Approved rendering: हाय
Transliteration: hāya
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: अरे (mere surprise, loses lament-force)
Original: הוֹי
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:18; 6:1. A funeral/lament cry opening a prophetic judgment announcement; must retain lament-force, not mere surprise. Amos 5:18 opens a funeral cry over people eagerly longing for what will be their death sentence — the irony is the entire point.
Escalating Predators
Approved rendering: सिंह / भालू / सांप
Transliteration: siṃha / bhālū / sāṃpa
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: אֲרִי / דֹּב / נָחָשׁ
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:19. Lion/bear/serpent — escalating inescapable-danger imagery. Preserve the escalating sequence; do not flatten into a simple list.
Harp
Approved rendering: सारंगी
Transliteration: sāraṅgī
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: נֵבֶל
Category: Worship
Amos 5:23. Standard, established Hindi OT musical-instrument term (nevel).
Herdsman
Approved rendering: चरवाहा
Transliteration: caravāhā
Doctrine: Divine Calling of the Prophet
Original: נֹקֵד
Category: Divine Calling
Amos 1:1. Amos’s humble, non-guild sheep-breeder occupation (noqed). Establishes that prophetic authority comes from divine calling, not professional/priestly pedigree.
Locusts
Approved rendering: टिड्डियाँ
Transliteration: ṭiḍḍiyāṃ
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: גֹּבַי
Category: Judgment
Amos 7:1 (gobai). First-vision locust-swarm judgment imagery; standard plague vocabulary.
Ephah And Shekel
Approved rendering: एपा / शेकेल
Transliteration: epā / śekela
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: אֵיפָה / שֶׁקֶל
Category: Social Justice
Amos 8:5. Ancient measurement/currency units; transliterate with a footnote on ancient measurement fraud.
Referenced passages