Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Daniel (English–Hindi)
Curriculum: Daniel
Destination language: Hindi
Baseline dependency: All entries marked “(reused)” MUST use the exact rendering fixed in the baseline translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json. New entries are proposed for addition to translation memory following Phase 2 Step 16 review procedures.
| # | English Term | Original Word & Transliteration | Hindi Rendering | Transliteration | Doctrine | Risk | Chapter(s) | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God (Most High / God of heaven) | אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא / עִלָּיא elah shemayya / illaya | परमेश्वर (reused) | Parameśvara | Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms | Critical (reused) | 2,3,4,5,6,7,9 | Reuse baseline “god” exactly. |
| 2 | Most High | עִלָּיא / עֶלְיוֹנָא illaya / elyona | परमप्रधान | Parampradhāna | Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms | High | 3,4,5,7 | New term. Must retain personal, morally engaged sovereignty; guard against impersonal-Absolute (Brahman-like) drift. Mandatory translator note at first use tying to परमेश्वर. |
| 3 | Ancient of Days | עַתִּיק יוֹמִין attiq yomin | अति प्राचीन | Ati Prāchīn | Son of Man and Messianic Kingship; Apocalyptic Prophecy | Critical | 7 | New but BSI-established title. Never reduce to impersonal “ancient principle.” Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| 4 | Son of Man | בַּר אֱנָשׁ bar enash | मनुष्य का पुत्र | Manuṣya kā Putra | Son of Man and Messianic Kingship | Critical | 7 | New term, distinct from baseline’s “son_of_god” (परमेश्वर का पुत्र). NEVER अवतार-adjacent phrasing (no repeatable divine descent). Mandatory theologian review every occurrence; ties to NT ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. |
| 5 | dominion / sovereignty | שׇׁלְטָן sholṭān | प्रभुत्व / अधिकार | prabhutva / adhikāra | Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms | High | 2,3,4,5,7 | Extends baseline “sovereignty” (संप्रभुता) family. NEVER भाग्य/नियति/किस्मत (fate). Consistency required across all occurrences (temporary human dominion vs. Son of Man’s eternal dominion). |
| 6 | glory | יְקָר yeqar | महिमा (reused) | mahimā | Son of Man and Messianic Kingship | High (reused) | 2,4,5,7 | Reuse baseline “glory” exactly. |
| 7 | kingdom | מַלְכוּ malku | राज्य (reused pattern) | rājya | Kingdom of God / Messianic Kingship | High (reused) | 2,3,4,5,6,7 | Reuse baseline “kingdom_of_god” (परमेश्वर का राज्य) pattern when referent is divine/eternal; plain राज्य for ordinary political kingdoms. Context must disambiguate. |
| 8 | everlasting / eternal | עָלַם ‘ālam | अनन्त / सदा का | ananta / sadā kā | Apocalyptic Prophecy; Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms | High | 2,4,7,12 | Must render identically across 2:44, 4:3/34, 7:14, 12:2 for whole-book coherence. |
| 9 | serve / worship (cultic) | פְּלַח pelach | आराधना करना (reused) | ārādhanā karanā | Son of Man and Messianic Kingship | Critical | 3,6,7 | Reuse baseline “worship” exactly (never पूजा). In ch.3/6, the same root is wrongly demanded by pagan rulers (render as false/idol service, not आराधना); in ch.7:14 it is rightly rendered to the Son of Man (आराधना). Cross-reference note mandatory. |
| 10 | minister / attend (angelic) | שמש shamash | सेवा करना | sevā karanā | Apocalyptic Prophecy | Medium | 7 | Distinguish lexically from #9 (पेलाच) — angelic attendance to God, not the cultic-worship register. |
| 11 | clouds of heaven | עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא ananē shemayyā | स्वर्ग के बादल | svarga ke bādal | Son of Man and Messianic Kingship | Medium-High | 7 | Theophanic imagery (elsewhere applied to God alone); mandatory note that this signals divine arrival, not mere scenery. |
| 12 | thrones (heavenly court) | כָּרְסָוָן korsāvān | सिंहासन | siṃhāsana | Apocalyptic Prophecy | Medium | 7 | Do not resolve plural occupants’ identity in translated text; leave for study notes. |
| 13 | books (of judgment) opened | סִפְרִין פְּתִיחוּ sifrin petichu | पुस्तकें खोली गईं | pustakeṃ kholī gaīṃ | Apocalyptic Prophecy | Medium-High | 7 | Collision risk with Hindu “Chitragupta’s ledger” (automatic karma-record). Mandatory translator note: personal God’s own judicial record, not impersonal karma accounting. Route to theologian review. |
| 14 | the court/judgment convened | דִּינָא יְתִב dînā yetiv | न्याय की सभा बैठी | nyāya kī sabhā baiṭhī | Apocalyptic Prophecy; Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms | Medium | 7 | Personal judge (Ancient of Days), not impersonal tribunal-mechanism. |
| 15 | beast (world-empire symbol) | חֵיוָתָא cheyvta | पशु | paśu | Apocalyptic Prophecy | Medium | 7 | Symbolic; avoid resolving specific empire identifications in translated text. |
| 16 | horn / little horn | קַרְנָא qarnā | सींग / छोटा सींग | sīṃga / choṭā sīṃga | Apocalyptic Prophecy; Faithfulness under Persecution | Medium-High | 7,8 | Ch.7 and ch.8 “little horns” have distinct scholarly referents; render identically but flag distinction in study notes. |
| 17 | watcher, a holy one (angel) | עִיר וְקַדִּישׁ ir ve-qaddish | पहरुआ और पवित्र जन (स्वर्गदूत) | paharuā aur pavitra jana | Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms | Medium | 4 | Singular angelic “holy one” — distinguish explicitly from #18 below (corporate saints), despite shared पवित्र root. |
| 18 | saints of the Most High | קַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין qaddishe elyonin | परमप्रधान के पवित्र जन | Parampradhāna ke pavitra jana | Faithfulness under Persecution | High | 7 | Reuse baseline “saints” (पवित्र जन) exactly — corporate persecuted faithful, never an ascetic elite. Their kingdom-inheritance (7:27) = the Son of Man’s kingdom (7:14). |
| 19 | mystery | רָז raz | भेद (reused) | bheda | Apocalyptic Prophecy; Wisdom and Discernment from God | Medium (reused) | 2 | Reuse baseline “mystery” exactly. |
| 20 | God of heaven | אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא elah shemayya | स्वर्ग का परमेश्वर | svarga kā Parameśvara | Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms | Medium-High | 2 | Universal sovereign identity, not a territorial nature-deity. |
| 21 | wise men / magicians / astrologers (pagan) | חַכִּימִין / אַשָּׁפִין / כַּשְׂדָּאִין chakkimin / ashshafin / kasda’in | ज्योतिषी / जादूगर / कसदी | jyotiṣī / jādūgar / kasadī | Wisdom and Discernment from God | Medium | 2,4,5 | Correctly applied here to pagan diviners, sharpening contrast with Daniel’s God-given wisdom (cf. baseline “prophet” entry’s reverse caution). |
| 22 | vision | חֵזוּ / חָזוֹן chezu / chazon | दर्शन | darśana | Apocalyptic Prophecy | High | 2,4,7,8,10 | BSI-established rendering for prophetic vision; collides with Hindu devotional “darshan.” Mandatory translator note distinguishing God’s objective disclosure from devotee’s sight-attainment, on every occurrence. |
| 23 | interpretation | פְּשַׁר peshar | अर्थ / व्याख्या | artha / vyākhyā | Wisdom and Discernment from God | Medium | 2,4,5,7,8 | Divine gift, not human ingenuity. |
| 24 | image / idol | צְלֶם tselem | मूरत / प्रतिमा | mūrat / pratimā | Faithfulness under Persecution | Medium | 3 | Distinguish from the act of worshipping it (#25, #26). |
| 25 | bow down (forced idol-prostration) | סְגִד segid | दण्डवत करना / माथा टेकना | daṇḍavat karanā | Faithfulness under Persecution | Critical | 3 | NEVER आराधना (reserved for true worship of God). Sharp lexical contrast with #26/#9 is doctrinally load-bearing. |
| 26 | idolatry (forced state cult) | (cultic सجدा/פְּלַח complex) | मूर्तिपूजा (reused) | mūrtipūjā | Faithfulness under Persecution | High (reused) | 3 | Reuse baseline “idolatry” exactly for the state-mandated idol cult being refused. |
| 27 | one like a son of the gods | כְּבַר־אֱלָהִין kevar elahin | परमेश्वरों के पुत्र के समान एक | — | Faithfulness under Persecution | High | 3 | Do not conflate with baseline Critical term “son_of_god” (परमेश्वर का पुत्र) — grammatically distinct plural “gods”; leave christophany-vs-angel question open in translated text. |
| 28 | fiery furnace | אַתּוּן נוּרָא יָקִדְתָּא attun nura yaqidta | धधकती भट्ठी | dhadhakatī bhaṭṭhī | Faithfulness under Persecution | Low | 3 | Standard imagery. |
| 29 | humbled / pride | שְׁפַל / רְבַב shefal / revav | नम्र किया गया / घमण्ड (reused) | ghamaṇḍa | Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms | Medium | 4,5 | Reuse baseline “boasting” (घमण्ड) for the pride element. |
| 30 | weighed in the balances | תְּקִיל בְּמוֹאזַנְיָא teqil be-mo’zanya | तराजू में तोला गया | tarāzū meṃ tolā gayā | Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms | Medium-High | 5 | Collision with Islamic mīzān / karma “scales of deeds” folk imagery. Mandatory note: one-time personal verdict, not impersonal universal mechanism. |
| 31 | prayer (disciplined, exilic) | בָּעֵא ba’e | प्रार्थना (reused pattern) | prārthanā | Prayer and Perseverance in Exile | Medium (reused pattern) | 2,6,9,10 | Distinguish from Hindu ritual पूजा — personal petition/communion, not image-veneration. |
| 32 | decree (royal edict) | אֱסָר / פִּתְגָם esar / pitgam | राजाज्ञा / आदेश | rājājñā / ādesh | Faithfulness under Persecution | Low-Medium | 3,6 | Standard. |
| 33 | lions’ den | גֹּב אַרְיָוָתָא gov aryavata | सिंहों की मांद | siṃhoṃ kī māṃda | Faithfulness under Persecution; Prayer and Perseverance in Exile | Low | 6 | Standard. |
| 34 | covenant | בְּרִית berit | वाचा (reused) | vāchā | Prayer and Perseverance in Exile | High (reused) | 9 | Reuse baseline “covenant” exactly. |
| 35 | sin / iniquity / transgression | חַטָּאָה / עָוֹן / פֶּשַׁע chatta’ah / avon / pesha | पाप / अपराध (reused for पाप) | pāpa / aparādh | Prayer and Perseverance in Exile | High (reused for पाप) | 8,9,11 | NEVER अधर्म (forbidden per baseline sin-entry). अपराध for guilt/rebellion registers distinct from core पाप. |
| 36 | seventy weeks / sevens | שָׁבֻעִים שִׁבְעִים shavuim shiv’im | सत्तर सप्ताह | sattar saptāh | Apocalyptic Prophecy | High | 9 | Preserve numerical specificity. |
| 37 | Messiah, cut off | מָשִׁיחַ…יִכָּרֵת mashiach…yikkaret | मसीह…काट डाला जाएगा | Masīha | Son of Man and Messianic Kingship; Apocalyptic Prophecy | Critical (reused for मसीह) | 9 | Reuse baseline “messiah” exactly. Preserve violent “cut off” sense — do not soften toward peaceful death. Mandatory theologian review. |
| 38 | abomination that causes desolation | הַשִּׁקּוּץ מְשׁוֹמֵם ha-shiqquts meshomem | उजाड़ करनेवाली घिनौनी वस्तु | ujāṛ karanevālī ghinaunī vastu | Apocalyptic Prophecy; Faithfulness under Persecution | Critical | 9,11,12 | MUST match Hindi NT rendering at Matthew 24:15 exactly (cross-canon consistency rule). |
| 39 | daily sacrifice | תָּמִיד tamid | नित्य की बलि/भेंट | nitya kī bali/bheṇṭ | Faithfulness under Persecution | Medium | 8,11 | Represents ongoing covenant worship-life. |
| 40 | sanctuary | מִקְדָּשׁ miqdash | पवित्रस्थान | pavitrasthāna | Faithfulness under Persecution | Low-Medium | 8,9,11 | Standard. |
| 41 | time of the end | עֵת קֵץ et qets | अन्त का समय / अन्तकाल | anta kā samay | Apocalyptic Prophecy | High | 8,11,12 | Reinforce linear (not cyclical) eschatology. |
| 42 | a man clothed in linen | אִישׁ אֶחָד לָבוּשׁ בַּדִּים ish echad lavush baddim | सन के वस्त्र पहने हुए एक पुरुष | — | Apocalyptic Prophecy | Medium-High | 10 | Leave christophany-vs-angel question open, as with #27. |
| 43 | Michael, the prince | מִיכָאֵל הַשַּׂר Mikha’el ha-sar | मीकाएल प्रधान | Mīkāel Pradhān | Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms | Medium | 10,12 | Created angelic being, subordinate to God — distinguish from independent warrior-deity concepts. |
| 44 | prince of Persia / Greece (spirit-power) | שַׂר…פָּרַס / יָוָן sar…paras/yavan | फारस का प्रधान / यूनान का प्रधान | — | Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms | Medium | 10,11 | Spirit-beings, not human rulers — context/note must disambiguate. |
| 45 | fasting | צוּם tsom | उपवास (reused pattern) | upavāsa | Prayer and Perseverance in Exile | Low | 10 | Standard. |
| 46 | king of the north / south | מֶלֶך הַצָּפוֹן / הַנֶּגֶב melekh ha-tsafon/ha-negev | उत्तर का राजा / दक्षिण का राजा | — | Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms | Medium | 11 | Historical figures; standard. |
| 47 | those who are wise (maskilim) | מַשְׂכִּילִים maskilim | बुद्धिमान लोग | buddhimān loga | Wisdom and Discernment from God | Medium-High | 11,12 | Ties wisdom directly to endurance under persecution. |
| 48 | resurrection (many shall awake) | יָקִיצוּ yaqitsu | पुनरुत्थान (reused) | punaruttāna | Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times | Critical (reused) | 12 | Reuse baseline “resurrection” exactly. NEVER पुनर्जन्म. Mandatory translator note every occurrence. |
| 49 | everlasting life / everlasting contempt | לְחַיֵּי עוֹלָם / לְדִרְאוֹן עוֹלָם le-chayye olam / le-dir’on olam | अनन्त जीवन (reused) / अनन्त लज्जा और तिरस्कार | ananta jīvana | Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times | High (reused for अनन्त जीवन) | 12 | Binary, final, permanent destinies — no further cycle/rebirth chance. |
| 50 | those who are wise shall shine | יַזְהִרוּ yazhiru | बुद्धिमान लोग चमकेंगे | — | Wisdom and Discernment from God | Medium | 12 | Avoid self-luminous-merger (moksha-adjacent) light-metaphor drift; cf. baseline “glory” caution. |
| 51 | a time, times, and half a time | עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִין וּפְלַג עִדָּן iddan ve-iddanin u-felag iddan | एक समय, समयों, और आधे समय | — | Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times | High | 7,12 | Render literally, identically at both occurrences; no in-text date-setting. |
| 52 | sealed (the book) | סָתֻם…וְחָתוּם satum…ve-chatum | बन्द करना…और मुहर लगाना | — | Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times | Medium | 12 | Caution against over-confident decoding/date-setting in pedagogy. |
| 53 | resolved / purposed (in heart) | וַיָּשֶׂם עַל־לִבּוֹ vayyasem al-libbo | मन में ठान लिया / संकल्प किया | saṃkalpa kiyā | Faithfulness under Persecution | Low | 1 | Deliberate act of will. |
| 54 | defile (dietary) | גָּאַל ga’al | अशुद्ध करना | ashuddha karanā | Faithfulness under Persecution | Medium | 1 | Distinguish from पाप (moral sin) per baseline sin-entry’s ritual/moral distinction. |
| 55 | wisdom / understanding | חָכְמָה / הַשְׂכֵּל chokmah / haskel | बुद्धि / समझ | buddhi / samajh | Wisdom and Discernment from God | High | 1,2,9,11,12 | Avoid ज्ञान where it risks a jñāna (liberating gnosis) reading; God-given, not self-attained. |
| 56 | favor (this-worldly, via human official) | חֶסֶד / חֵן chesed / chen | कृपा | kṛpā | Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms | Medium | 1 | Per baseline’s kindness_of_god note, कृपा (not अनुग्रह) fits this non-salvific, this-worldly favor context. |
| 57 | stone / everlasting kingdom (Nebuchadnezzar’s dream) | אֶבֶן / מַלְכוּ…דִּי לְעָלְמִין לָא תִתְחַבַּל even / malku…la titchabbal | पत्थर / अनन्त तक कभी नाश न होनेवाला राज्य | — | Son of Man and Messianic Kingship | High | 2 | Render “everlasting kingdom” phrasing consistently with 4:3/34 and 7:14. |
Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans/Galatians Translation Memory (No Deviation Permitted)
| Term | Hindi | Risk (baseline) |
|---|---|---|
| God | परमेश्वर | Critical |
| Lord | प्रभु | Critical |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical |
| Messiah | मसीह | Critical |
| Resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical |
| Salvation | उद्धार | Critical |
| Righteousness | धार्मिकता | Critical |
| Covenant | वाचा | High |
| Glory | महिमा | High |
| Sovereignty | परमेश्वर की संप्रभुता | High |
| Kingdom of God | परमेश्वर का राज्य | Medium |
| Saints | पवित्र जन | High |
| Holy | पवित्र | High |
| Worship | आराधना | High |
| Idolatry | मूर्तिपूजा | High |
| Mystery | भेद | Medium |
| Sin | पाप | High |
| Boasting | घमण्ड | Low |
| Eternal Life | अनन्त जीवन | High |
| Prophet / Prophecy | भविष्यद्वक्ता / भविष्यवाणी | Low |
Cross-Cutting Risk Notes for Phase 2 Routing
- Automatic theologian-review triggers (extending the baseline escalation rules): Son of Man (#4), Ancient of Days (#3), the cultic-worship verb applied to the Son of Man (#9 at 7:14), Messiah cut off (#37), abomination of desolation (#38), resurrection (#48), books of judgment (#13), weighed in the balances (#30).
- Native-speaker-review triggers: vision/दर्शन (#22) on every occurrence; watcher/holy one vs. saints distinction (#17 vs #18); Michael and spirit-princes (#43, #44); apocalyptic time-code (#51).
- Cross-canon consistency mandatory: abomination of desolation (#38) must match Matthew 24:15’s Hindi rendering exactly; everlasting dominion phrasing (#8) must match across 2:44, 4:3/34, 7:14.
- Forbidden-substitution extensions specific to Daniel: NEVER अधर्म for sin/transgression (baseline prohibition, reaffirmed at #35); NEVER अवतार-style repeatable-descent framing for the Son of Man (#4); NEVER आराधना for the forced idol-bowing acts of chs. 3 and 6 (#25); NEVER पुनर्जन्म for resurrection (#48); NEVER भाग्य/नियति/किस्मत for dominion/sovereignty (#5).
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvara
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर, भगवान
Original: אֱלָהּ / אֱלֹהִים
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. परमेश्वर (Supreme Lord) is the BSI OV standard. भगवान has broad Hindu deity usage — avoid. Used throughout Daniel for the one true God distinguished from Babylon’s many gods.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: Prabhu
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
Original: אֲדֹנָי
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Used at Daniel 9:4,8,9,15-19 (Adonai) in Daniel’s confession prayer; must convey exclusive, supreme Lordship.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा, देव-आत्मा
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved exclusively for the true, personal, Trinitarian Holy Spirit; must NEVER be used to translate the pagan kings’ polytheistic phrase in Daniel 4/5 (see spirit_of_the_holy_gods below, which requires a separate, non-equated rendering).
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: Masīha
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त व्यक्ति, देव-दूत
Inherited from Romans package. Governs Daniel 9:25-26’s messiah_cut_off term; never रендер with any alternative.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruttāna
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: יָקִיצוּ
Category: Kingdom/Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Governs Daniel 12:2 (‘many…shall awake’). NEVER पुनर्जन्म (reincarnation). Mandatory translator note distinguishing from reincarnation at every occurrence.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhāra
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for any deliverance-from-God language that may arise in Daniel’s prayers (e.g., 9:19’s plea); NEVER मुक्ति/मोक्ष.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, न्याय
Inherited from Romans package. Applies to Daniel 9:24 (‘to bring in everlasting righteousness’) and 12:3’s righteousness-leading maskilim. NEVER धर्म.
Ancient Of Days
Approved rendering: अति प्राचीन
Transliteration: Ati Prāchīn
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Rejected alternatives: आदि पुरुष (primordial being, impersonal), सनातन तत्त्व (eternal principle)
Original: עַתִּיק יוֹמִין
Category: God
Renders עַתִּיק יוֹמִין (attiq yomin), Daniel 7:9,13,22. Title for God the Father as eternal, personal, actively-judging Sovereign presiding over the heavenly court. Mandatory translator note on first use identifying this title explicitly with परमेश्वर. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: मनुष्य का पुत्र
Transliteration: Manuṣya kā Putra
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Rejected alternatives: अवतार-शैली वर्णन (avatar-style repeatable divine descent), केवल एक मनुष्य (merely ‘a human being’, losing titular sense)
Original: בַּר אֱנָשׁ (Aramaic); cf. NT ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
Renders בַּר אֱנָשׁ (bar enash), Daniel 7:13-14; cf. NT ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, Jesus’ self-designation. Treat as a fixed title, never a loose descriptive phrase. The figure’s once-for-all, non-repeatable enthronement must be made explicit to avoid an avatar-descent reading. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence; mandatory translator note linking forward to यीशु.
Serve Worship Cultic
Approved rendering: आराधना करना
Transliteration: ārādhanā karanā
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Rejected alternatives: सेवा करना (weaker service verb that erases the deity-claim), पूजा
Original: פְּלַח
Category: Christology
Renders פְּלַח (pelach) at Daniel 7:14, applied to ‘all peoples, nations, and languages’ rendering this service to the Son of Man — the identical root elsewhere reserved exclusively for God and refused at mortal cost (chs. 3, 6). Reuse baseline worship term आराधना exactly; a weaker word silently erases the passage’s implicit deity-claim. Mandatory theologian review and cross-reference note linking to the false use of the same root in chs. 3 and 6.
Bow Down Forced Prostration
Approved rendering: दण्डवत करना / माथा टेकना
Transliteration: daṇḍavat karanā / māthā ṭekanā
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: आराधना (reserved exclusively for true worship of God)
Original: סְגִד
Category: Persecution/Faithfulness
Renders סְגִד (segid), Daniel 3:5-6,10-12,14-15,18. NEVER आराधना. The doctrinal point of chs. 3 and 6 is sharpest when Hindi vocabulary keeps ‘bowing to the image’ lexically distinct from ‘worshipping God.’ Absolute fence, maintained even under paraphrase pressure across ch. 3’s repetitive decree language.
Abomination Of Desolation
Approved rendering: उजाड़ करनेवाली घिनौनी वस्तु
Transliteration: ujāṛ karanevālī ghinaunī vastu
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: הַשִּׁקּוּץ מְשׁוֹמֵם
Category: Revelation/Prophecy
Renders הַשִּׁקּוּץ מְשׁוֹמֵם, Daniel 9:27; 11:31; 12:11. Must match the established Hindi NT rendering at Matthew 24:15 exactly — mandatory cross-canon consistency rule. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Messiah Cut Off
Approved rendering: मसीह…काट डाला जाएगा
Transliteration: Masīha…kāṭa ḍālā jāegā
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त व्यक्ति (forbidden per baseline), शांतिपूर्ण मृत्यु (peaceful-death softening)
Original: מָשִׁיחַ…יִכָּרֵת
Category: Christology
Renders מָשִׁיחַ…יִכָּרֵת, Daniel 9:26. Reuses baseline मसीह exactly. Must retain both the specific title and the violent, unjust ‘cut off’ sense — softening toward a peaceful death would blunt the crucifixion fulfillment-link. Mandatory theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: Prayer and Perseverance in Exile
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, समझौता
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Governs Daniel 9:4’s covenant appeal — Daniel pleads God’s own covenant loyalty, not Israel’s merit.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Rejected alternatives: देव-ज्योति, प्रकाश
Original: יְקָר
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Renders יְקָר (yeqar) at Daniel 7:14, part of the dominion/glory/kingdom enthronement triad; also used of royal majesty at 2:37; 4:30,36; 5:18.
Sovereignty
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर की संप्रभुता
Transliteration: Parameśvara kī samprabhutā
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, नियति
Inherited from Romans package. Governing frame for Daniel’s dominion (שׇׁלְטָן) vocabulary family below; God’s personal rule, never impersonal fate/karma.
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jana
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: संत, संतजन
Inherited from Romans package. Corporate designation, never an ascetic elite; governs the saints_of_the_most_high compound entry below (Daniel 7:18,22,25,27).
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Original: קַדִּישׁ / קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Used of both the singular angelic ‘holy one’ (4:13, see watcher_holy_one) and the corporate ‘saints’ (7:18 etc.) — context must disambiguate; do not conflate the two senses.
Worship
Approved rendering: आराधना
Transliteration: ārādhanā
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Rejected alternatives: पूजा
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER पूजा. Reused exactly for the cultic-worship verb (פְּלַח) rightly applied to the Son of Man at Daniel 7:14 — see serve_worship_cultic below for the full cross-reference rule against chs. 3 and 6’s false demand.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: मूर्तिपूजा
Transliteration: mūrtipūjā
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Original: (cultic segid/pelach complex)
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Applies to Daniel 3’s state-mandated idol cult and 5:4,23; 6:7’s related idolatrous demands. Handle pastorally but do not soften.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Prayer and Perseverance in Exile
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Inherited from Romans package. Anchors sin_iniquity_transgression below (Daniel 9). NEVER अधर्म. Distinguish from ritual/dietary अशुद्ध (see defile_dietary).
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: अनन्त जीवन
Transliteration: ananta jīvana
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Rejected alternatives: अमरता
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package. Reused exactly within everlasting_life_contempt below (Daniel 12:2) as one of the two, and only two, final destinies.
Most High
Approved rendering: परमप्रधान
Transliteration: Parampradhāna
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, सर्वोच्च सत्ता (impersonal Supreme Being framing)
Original: עִלָּיא / עֶלְיוֹנָא
Category: God
Renders עִלָּיא/עֶלְיוֹנָא (illaya/elyona), Daniel 4,5,7. Established Hindi Bible title but must retain personal, morally engaged sovereignty (‘gives the kingdom to whom he will,’ 4:17,25,32) against drift toward an impersonal Brahman-like Absolute. Mandatory translator note at first use tying explicitly to परमेश्वर.
Clouds Of Heaven
Approved rendering: स्वर्ग के बादल
Transliteration: svarga ke bādal
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Original: עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא
Category: Christology
Renders עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא (ananē shemayyā), Daniel 7:13. Theophanic imagery elsewhere applied to God alone (Exodus 13:21; Psalm 104:3); mandatory translator note that this signals divine arrival, not decorative scenery.
Dominion
Approved rendering: प्रभुत्व / अधिकार
Transliteration: prabhutva / adhikāra
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, नियति, किस्मत
Original: שׇׁלְטָן
Category: Kingdom/Eschatology
Renders שׇׁלְטָן (sholṭān), Daniel 2-7. Personal, grantable, revocable authority. Must render identically across all occurrences so the contrast between the beasts’ temporary dominion (7:12) and the Son of Man’s eternal dominion (7:14) survives translation. NEVER भाग्य/नियति/किस्मत.
Everlasting Dominion
Approved rendering: अनन्त / सदा का
Transliteration: ananta / sadā kā
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: युग (cyclical age connotation)
Original: עָלַם
Category: Kingdom/Eschatology
Renders עָלַם (‘ālam). Must be rendered identically across Daniel 2:44, 4:3/34, 7:14, and 12:2 for whole-book coherence. Avoid युग and its compounds, which suggest Hindu yuga-cycle cosmology rather than a single, linear, God-appointed terminus.
Kingdom Daniel
Approved rendering: राज्य
Transliteration: rājya
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Original: מַלְכוּ
Category: Kingdom/Eschatology
Renders מַלְכוּ (malkû). Ties to baseline परमेश्वर का राज्य family when referent is the eternal divine kingdom (7:14,18,22,27; 2:44); plain राज्य for ordinary political kingdoms elsewhere. Context must disambiguate.
Stone Everlasting Kingdom
Approved rendering: पत्थर / अनन्त तक कभी नाश न होनेवाला राज्य
Transliteration: pattharā / ananta tak kabhī nāśa na honevālā rājya
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Original: אֶבֶן / מַלְכוּ…דִּי לְעָלְמִין לָא תִתְחַבַּל
Category: Kingdom/Eschatology
Renders אֶבֶן / מַלְכוּ…דִּי לְעָלְמִין לָא תִתְחַבַּל, Daniel 2:34-35,44-45. Must echo 4:3/34 and 7:14’s ‘everlasting kingdom’ phrasing exactly so readers recognize the same theological claim repeated across the book.
Books Of Judgment
Approved rendering: पुस्तकें खोली गईं
Transliteration: pustakeṃ kholī gaīṃ
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Rejected alternatives: चित्रगुप्त के लेखा-जैसा वर्णन (Chitragupta karmic-ledger framing)
Original: סִפְרִין פְּתִיחוּ
Category: Judgment
Renders סִפְרִין פְּתִיחוּ (sifrin petîchû), Daniel 7:10. Strong surface resemblance to the popular चित्रगुप्त का लेखा (automatic karmic-ledger) folk concept. Mandatory translator note: this is अति प्राचीन’s own personal judicial record tied to his verdict and mercy, not an impersonal karma-mechanism. Route to human theologian review.
Court Convened
Approved rendering: न्याय की सभा बैठी
Transliteration: nyāya kī sabhā baiṭhī
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: स्वचालित कर्म-न्यायाधिकरण जैसी भाषा
Original: דִּינָא יְתִב
Category: Judgment
Renders דִּינָא יְתִב (dînā yetiv), Daniel 7:10,26. The presiding judge is the personal अति प्राचीन, not an impersonal karma-tribunal mechanism.
Little Horn
Approved rendering: सींग / छोटा सींग
Transliteration: sīṃga / choṭā sīṃga
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: קַרְנָא (זְעֵירָה)
Category: Kingdom/Eschatology
Renders קַרְנָא (qarnā), Daniel 7 and 8. Chapters 7 and 8 have distinct scholarly referents; render identically but flag the distinction only in study notes, never in the translated text.
Saints Of The Most High
Approved rendering: परमप्रधान के पवित्र जन
Transliteration: Parampradhāna ke pavitra jana
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: संत (ascetic holy man/spiritual elite)
Original: קַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין
Category: Persecution/Faithfulness
Renders קַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין (qaddishe elyonin), Daniel 7:18,22,25,27. Reuse baseline पवित्र जन exactly — corporate persecuted faithful, never an ascetic elite. The kingdom given to the Son of Man (7:14) is, in 7:27, given corporately to these saints — one reality, not two grants.
Spirit Of The Holy Gods
Approved rendering: पवित्र देवताओं की आत्मा (राजा की भाषा में)
Transliteration: pavitra devatāoṃ kī ātmā
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Rejected alternatives: पवित्र आत्मा (would wrongly equate the pagan king’s polytheistic phrase with the true, personal Holy Spirit)
Original: רוּח־אֱלָהִין קַדִּישִׁין
Category: Wisdom
Renders רוּח־אֱלָהִין קַדִּישִׁין (ruach-elahin qaddishin), Nebuchadnezzar’s/Belshazzar’s own polytheistic description of Daniel (4:8-9,18; 5:11,14). Must be marked as the pagan ruler’s own vocabulary, never equated with the baseline’s Critical पवित्र आत्मा. Mandatory translator note.
Vision
Approved rendering: दर्शन
Transliteration: darśana
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Rejected alternatives: प्रकाशन (would break whole-Bible-tradition consistency with established OT prophetic-vision usage)
Original: חֵזוּ (Aramaic) / חָזוֹן (Hebrew)
Category: Revelation/Prophecy
Renders חֵזוּ (Aramaic)/חָזוֹן (Hebrew), Daniel 2,4,7,8,10. Entrenched Hindi Bible term for prophetic vision but collides with Hindu devotional darshan (a devotee’s merit-attained sight of a deity/guru). Mandatory translator note on EVERY occurrence: God’s own objective, sovereign disclosure, not the seer’s devotional attainment.
One Like Son Of Gods
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरों के पुत्र के समान एक
Transliteration: Parameśvaroṃ ke putra ke samāna eka
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: परमेश्वर का पुत्र (would wrongly import the baseline’s fully resolved Critical Son-of-God title onto a grammatically distinct, ambiguous plural phrase)
Original: כְּבַר־אֱלָהִין
Category: Angelology
Renders כְּבַר־אֱלָהִין (kevar elahin), Daniel 3:25. Grammatically plural (‘gods’), distinct from the baseline’s Critical परमेश्वर का पुत्र. Do not over-resolve the christophany-vs-angel question in the translated text; record as an alternative in study notes only.
Weighed In The Balances
Approved rendering: तराजू में तोला गया
Transliteration: tarāzū meṃ tolā gayā
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: इस्लामी मीज़ान या लोक-कर्म-तुलना जैसी अवधारणा के रूप में प्रस्तुत करना
Original: תְּקִיל בְּמוֹאזַנְיָא
Category: Judgment
Renders תְּקִיל בְּמוֹאזַנְיָא, Daniel 5:27. Strong surface resemblance to Islamic mīzān and diffuse karma-weighing folk concepts. Mandatory translator note: one personal, historical verdict by अति प्राचीन/परमप्रधान on one ruler’s specific unrepented sin, not a universal impersonal mechanism.
Sin Iniquity Transgression
Approved rendering: पाप / अपराध
Transliteration: pāpa / aparādh
Doctrine: Prayer and Perseverance in Exile
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म (forbidden per baseline sin-entry)
Original: חַטָּאָה / עָוֹן / פֶּשַׁע
Category: Sin
Renders חַטָּאָה / עָוֹן / פֶּשַׁע, Daniel 9:5,15,24; also 8:12,23; 11:32. पाप reuses baseline exactly for חַטָּאָה; अपराध covers the guilt/rebellion registers. Daniel’s confession is moral transgression before a personal covenant God, never impersonal karmic imbalance.
Wisdom Understanding
Approved rendering: बुद्धि / समझ
Transliteration: buddhi / samajh
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Rejected alternatives: ज्ञान (risks jñāna/self-attained liberating gnosis reading)
Original: חָכְמָה / מַדָּע / הַשְׂכֵּל
Category: Wisdom
Renders חָכְמָה / מַדָּע / הַשְׂכֵּל, Daniel 1:17,20 and recurring through 2,9,11-12. God-given practical and revelatory insight; ज्ञान explicitly avoided throughout the book.
Seventy Weeks
Approved rendering: सत्तर सप्ताह
Transliteration: sattar saptāh
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Rejected alternatives: एक लंबा समय (vague ‘a long time’ softening the numerical specificity)
Original: שָׁבֻעִים שִׁבְעִים
Category: Revelation/Prophecy
Renders שָׁבֻעִים שִׁבְעִים, Daniel 9:24-27. Preserve the numerical specificity of the OT’s most precise messianic time-prophecy.
Time Of The End
Approved rendering: अन्त का समय
Transliteration: anta kā samay
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Rejected alternatives: युग का अन्त (cyclical-age-ending framing)
Original: עֵת קֵץ
Category: Revelation/Prophecy
Renders עֵת קֵץ (et qets), Daniel 8:17,19; 11:35,40; 12:4,9. Reinforce linear, once-for-all eschatology against Hindu cyclical yuga cosmology.
Man Clothed In Linen
Approved rendering: सन के वस्त्र पहने हुए एक पुरुष
Transliteration: sana ke vastra pahane hue eka puruṣa
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: אִישׁ אֶחָד לָבוּשׁ בַּדִּים
Category: Angelology
Renders אִישׁ אֶחָד לָבוּשׁ בַּדִּים, Daniel 10:5-6. As with one_like_son_of_gods, leave the christophany-vs-angel identity question open in the translated text; note the interpretive question rather than settling it.
Those Who Are Wise
Approved rendering: बुद्धिमान लोग
Transliteration: buddhimāna loga
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Original: מַשְׂכִּילִים
Category: Wisdom
Renders מַשְׂכִּילִים (maskilim), Daniel 11:33,35; 12:3,10. Ties wisdom directly to endurance under persecution; God-given discernment, not self-attained enlightenment or ascetic cultivation.
Everlasting Life Contempt
Approved rendering: अनन्त जीवन / अनन्त लज्जा और तिरस्कार
Transliteration: ananta jīvana / ananta lajjā aura tiraskāra
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म-चक्र से जुड़ी भाषा (rebirth-cycle framing)
Original: לְחַיֵּי עוֹלָם / לַחֲרָפוֹת לְדִרְאוֹן עוֹלָם
Category: Kingdom/Eschatology
Renders לְחַיֵּי עוֹלָם / לַחֲרָפוֹת לְדִרְאוֹן עוֹלָם, Daniel 12:2. The two, and only two, final destinies; binary finality must be preserved without suggesting a further chance, purification cycle, or eventual reabsorption.
Time Times Half A Time
Approved rendering: एक समय, समयों, और आधे समय
Transliteration: eka samay, samayoṃ, aura ādhe samay
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Rejected alternatives: specific calendrical decoding (e.g. ‘3.5 वर्ष’ resolved in-text)
Original: עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִין וּפְלַג עִדָּן
Category: Revelation/Prophecy
Renders עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִין וּפְלַג עִדָּן, Daniel 7:25; 12:7. Render literally and identically at both occurrences; decoding deferred to study notes only.
Medium Risk Terms
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का राज्य
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā rājya
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर का राष्ट्र
Inherited from Romans package. Anchors the kingdom_daniel entry below whenever the referent is the eternal, divine kingdom (2:44; 7:14,27) as opposed to an ordinary political राज्य elsewhere in Daniel.
Mystery
Approved rendering: भेद
Transliteration: bheda
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Rejected alternatives: रहस्य
Original: רָז (Persian loanword)
Category: Revelation/Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Renders רָז (raz) at Daniel 2:18-19,27-30,47. A now-revealed divine secret disclosed by revelation, never discovered by human occult technique.
God Of Heaven
Approved rendering: स्वर्ग का परमेश्वर
Transliteration: svarga kā Parameśvara
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: आकाश देवता (sky-deity/nature-deity framing)
Original: אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא
Category: God
Renders אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא (elah shemayya), Daniel 2. Must be heard as universal, exclusive sovereign, not a territorial sky-deity comparable to Varuna/Indra.
Minister Attend Angelic
Approved rendering: सेवा करना
Transliteration: sevā karanā
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Rejected alternatives: आराधना करना (would conflate angelic attendance with cultic worship)
Original: שמש (root shamash)
Category: Angelology
Renders שמש (shamash root) at Daniel 7:10 — angelic ministry/attendance to God in the heavenly court. Must be kept lexically distinct from serve_worship_cultic (7:14).
Thrones Heavenly Court
Approved rendering: सिंहासन
Transliteration: siṃhāsana
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: כָּרְסָוָן
Category: Judgment
Renders כָּרְסָוָן (korsāvān), Daniel 7:9. Plural occupants (angelic assessors? the saints? the Son of Man?) must not be resolved in the translated text; reserve for study notes.
Beast World Empire
Approved rendering: पशु
Transliteration: paśu
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: חֵיוָתָא
Category: Kingdom/Eschatology
Renders חֵיוָתָא (cheyvta), Daniel 7. Symbolic; avoid resolving specific empire identifications in the translated text itself.
Watcher Holy One
Approved rendering: पहरुआ और पवित्र जन
Transliteration: paharuā aur pavitra jana
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Original: עִיר וְקַדִּישׁ
Category: Angelology
Renders עִיר וְקַדִּישׁ (ir ve-qaddish), Daniel 4:13,23 — a single angelic messenger. Must be explicitly distinguished from the corporate ‘saints of the Most High’ (7:18,22,27) despite sharing the पवित्र root.
Pagan Diviners
Approved rendering: ज्योतिषी / जादूगर / तांत्रिक / कसदी
Transliteration: jyotiṣī / jādūgar / tāntrik / kasadī
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Original: חַכִּימִין / אַשָּׁפִין / מְכַשְּׁפִין / כַּשְׂדָּאִין
Category: Wisdom
Renders חַכִּימִין / אַשָּׁפִין / מְכַשְּׁפִין / כַּשְׂדָּאִין, Daniel 1-2,4-5. Correctly applied here to the Babylonian occult professional classes, sharpening (not blurring) the contrast with Daniel’s God-given wisdom — the reverse application of the baseline’s caution against ज्योतिषी for true prophets.
Interpretation
Approved rendering: अर्थ / व्याख्या
Transliteration: artha / vyākhyā
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Original: פְּשַׁר
Category: Wisdom
Renders פְּשַׁר (peshar), Daniel 2,4,5,7,8. Authoritative unlocking of a divine mystery, granted by God alone, not human ingenuity.
Image Idol
Approved rendering: मूरत / प्रतिमा
Transliteration: mūrat / pratimā
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Original: צְלֶם
Category: Persecution/Faithfulness
Renders צְלֶם (tselem), Daniel 3. Names the idol object; keep lexically distinct from bow_down_forced_prostration and idolatry so the passage’s three-part logic (object / forced act / refused worship) survives translation.
Humbled Pride
Approved rendering: नम्र किया गया / घमण्ड
Transliteration: namra kiyā gayā / ghamaṇḍa
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Original: שְׁפַל / רְבַב (לְבַב)
Category: Sin
Renders שְׁפַל / רְבַב (לְבַב), Daniel 4:30,37; 5:20. Reuses baseline घमण्ड for the pride element; personal verdict and personal mercy, not a mechanistic karmic downfall-and-return cycle.
Prayer Disciplined Exilic
Approved rendering: प्रार्थना
Transliteration: prārthanā
Doctrine: Prayer and Perseverance in Exile
Rejected alternatives: पूजा (ritual image-veneration; wrong theology of prayer)
Original: בָּעֵא (root)
Category: Prayer
Renders בָּעֵא (ba’e), Daniel 2:17-18; 6:10-11; 9:3-19; 10:2-3,12. Verbal petition/communion with a personal God at set times, never ritual offering or image-veneration, even though outward posture (facing Jerusalem, kneeling) may visually resemble ritual observance.
Defile Dietary
Approved rendering: अपने आपको अशुद्ध करना
Transliteration: apane āpako aśuddha karanā
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: पाप (would wrongly moralize a ceremonial/dietary matter)
Original: גָּאַל (Hitpael)
Category: Persecution/Faithfulness
Renders גָּאַל (Hitpael), Daniel 1:8. Ritual/dietary defilement category, distinct from moral sin per the baseline’s ritual/moral distinction note.
Favor This Worldly
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Rejected alternatives: अनुग्रह (reserved for salvific grace, per baseline)
Original: חֶסֶד / חֵן
Category: Wisdom
Renders חֶסֶד / חֵן, Daniel 1:9. Non-salvific, this-worldly favor granted through a human official, consistent with the baseline’s kindness_of_god allowance for कृपा outside strict grace/merit contexts.
Daily Sacrifice
Approved rendering: नित्य की बलि / भेंट
Transliteration: nitya kī bali / bheṇṭ
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Original: תָּמִיד
Category: Persecution/Faithfulness
Renders תָּמִיד (tamid), Daniel 8:11-13; 11:31; 12:11. Represents the ongoing worship-life of the covenant community threatened by the persecutor.
Sanctuary
Approved rendering: पवित्रस्थान
Transliteration: pavitrasthāna
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Original: מִקְדָּשׁ
Category: Persecution/Faithfulness
Renders מִקְדָּשׁ (miqdash), Daniel 8:11; 9:26; 11:31. Standard term for God’s dwelling-place among his people.
Michael The Prince
Approved rendering: मीकाएल प्रधान
Transliteration: Mīkāel Pradhāna
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: independent warrior-deity framing (e.g. Indra/Kartikeya analogue)
Original: מִיכָאֵל הַשַּׂר
Category: Angelology
Renders מִיכָאֵל הַשַּׂר, Daniel 10:13,21; 12:1. A created angelic being subordinate to God, not an independent deity.
Prince Of Persia Greece
Approved rendering: फारस का प्रधान / यूनान का प्रधान
Transliteration: Phārasa kā Pradhāna / Yūnāna kā Pradhāna
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Original: שַׂר…פָּרַס / שַׂר…יָוָן
Category: Angelology
Renders שַׂר…פָּרַס / שַׂר…יָוָן, Daniel 10:13,20. Spirit-beings, not human rulers — context/note must clarify.
King Of North South
Approved rendering: उत्तर का राजा / दक्षिण का राजा
Transliteration: Uttara kā Rājā / Dakṣiṇa kā Rājā
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Original: מֶלֶך הַצָּפוֹן / מֶלֶך הַנֶּגֶב
Category: Kingdom/Eschatology
Renders מֶלֶך הַצָּפוֹן / מֶלֶך הַנֶּגֶב, Daniel 11. Historical figures; render as standard title without resolving identifications in the translated text.
Wise Shall Shine
Approved rendering: बुद्धिमान लोग चमकेंगे
Transliteration: buddhimāna loga camakeṅge
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष-सम्बन्धी स्व-दीप्त विलय जैसी भाषा (moksha-adjacent self-luminous-merger framing)
Original: יַזְהִרוּ
Category: Wisdom
Renders יַזְהִרוּ, Daniel 12:3. Reflected reward from God, not self-generated radiance or liberated-soul light-merger.
Sealed Book
Approved rendering: बन्द करना…और मुहर लगाना
Transliteration: banda karanā…aura muhra lagānā
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: סָתֻם…וְחָתוּם
Category: Revelation/Prophecy
Renders סָתֻם…וְחָתוּם, Daniel 12:4,9. Caution against over-confident in-text decoding or date-setting in pedagogical use.
Low Risk Terms
Boasting
Approved rendering: घमण्ड
Transliteration: ghamaṇḍa
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Original: מִלִּין רַבְרְבָן (qal millin ravrevan)
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Reused for the little horn’s boastful speech (7:8,11,20,25) and for humbled_pride (Nebuchadnezzar’s/Belshazzar’s self-exaltation, chs. 4-5).
Prophet
Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Inherited from Romans package. Do not confuse with ज्योतिषी, which this book correctly reserves for the pagan diviner classes (see pagan_diviners).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल
Inherited from Romans package. God-inspired declaration; distinct from astrological prediction (भविष्यफल), reinforced throughout Daniel by contrast with failed pagan divination.
Fiery Furnace
Approved rendering: धधकती भट्ठी
Transliteration: dhadhakatī bhaṭṭhī
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Original: אַתּוּן נוּרָא יָקִדְתָּא
Category: Persecution/Faithfulness
Renders אַתּוּן נוּרָא יָקִדְתָּא, Daniel 3. Standard imagery; no forbidden-term collision.
Decree Royal Edict
Approved rendering: राजाज्ञा / आदेश
Transliteration: rājājñā / ādesh
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Original: אֱסָר / פִּתְגָם
Category: Persecution/Faithfulness
Renders אֱסָר / פִּתְגָם, Daniel 3, 6. Standard administrative/legal vocabulary; the persecution-test’s legal instrument.
Lions Den
Approved rendering: सिंहों की मांद
Transliteration: siṃhoṃ kī māṃda
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Original: גֹּב אַרְיָוָתָא
Category: Persecution/Faithfulness
Renders גֹּב אַרְיָוָתָא, Daniel 6. Standard imagery.
Resolved Purposed
Approved rendering: मन में ठान लिया / संकल्प किया
Transliteration: mana meṃ ṭhāna liyā / saṃkalpa kiyā
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Original: וַיָּשֶׂם…עַל־לִבּוֹ
Category: Persecution/Faithfulness
Renders וַיָּשֶׂם…עַל־לִבּוֹ, Daniel 1:8. Deliberate, fixed resolve of the will, not impulsive whim or mere circumstance.
Fasting
Approved rendering: उपवास
Transliteration: upavāsa
Doctrine: Prayer and Perseverance in Exile
Original: צוּם
Category: Prayer
Renders צוּם (tsom), Daniel 9:3; 10:2-3,12. Disciplined self-denial accompanying urgent, sustained prayer.
Referenced passages