Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Revelation (Hindi)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering Revelation 1–22. Terms already established in the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json are marked [Reused] and MUST use the exact recorded Hindi rendering. Terms newly identified for Revelation are marked [New] and are proposed here for formal addition to translation memory in Phase 2. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework (Critical / High / Medium / Low).
| # | English Term | Hindi Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Chapters | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God | परमेश्वर | Parameśvara | Critical | Reused | All | Baseline entry; never ईश्वर/भगवान preference maintained |
| 2 | Jesus | यीशु | Yīśu | Critical | Reused | All | Baseline entry |
| 3 | Christ | मसीह | Masīha | Critical | Reused | 1,11,12,20 | Baseline entry |
| 4 | Lord | प्रभु | Prabhu | Critical | Reused | All | Baseline entry; combines with new King of Kings/Lord of Lords title (ch.19) |
| 5 | Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Pavitra Ātmā | Critical | Reused | 1,2-3,22 | Baseline entry; “seven spirits” (ch.1) is this Spirit’s fullness, not separate beings — mandatory note |
| 6 | Son of God | परमेश्वर का पुत्र | Parameśvara kā putra | Critical | Reused | Implicit throughout Christology | Kept distinct from believers’ adoptive sonship (21:7) |
| 7 | worship | आराधना | ārādhanā | High | Reused | 4,5,13,14,19,22 | Baseline entry; never पूजा; applies to both true worship and its beast-worship parody |
| 8 | grace | अनुग्रह | anugraha | High | Reused | 1,22 | Baseline entry; never कृपा in grace-contexts |
| 9 | glory | महिमा | mahimā | High | Reused | 1,4,5,15,21 | Baseline entry; avoid light-metaphor conflation with Hindu divine-light concepts |
| 10 | holy | पवित्र | pavitra | High | Reused | 4,21,22 | Baseline entry |
| 11 | saints | पवित्र जन | pavitra jana | High | Reused | 5,8,11,13,14,16,17,18,19,20 | Baseline entry; never संत |
| 12 | salvation | उद्धार | uddhāra | Critical | Reused | 7,12,19 | Baseline entry; never मुक्ति/मोक्ष |
| 13 | resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | punaruttthāna | Critical | Reused | 1,20 | Baseline entry; never पुनर्जन्म; “first resurrection” (20:5-6) is a specific technical extension |
| 14 | kingdom of God | परमेश्वर का राज्य | Parameśvara kā rājya | Medium | Reused | 1,5,11,12 | Baseline entry; grounds Return and Reign of Christ |
| 15 | church(es) | कलीसिया(एँ) | kalīsiyā(eṇ) | Medium | Reused | 1,2-3 | Baseline entry; plural for the seven churches |
| 16 | sin | पाप | pāpa | High | Reused | throughout vice-lists | Baseline entry |
| 17 | idolatry / idolaters | मूर्तिपूजा / मूर्तिपूजक | mūrtipūjā / mūrtipūjaka | High | Reused | 2,9,13,21,22 | Baseline entry; central to beast-worship critique |
| 18 | sorcery / sorcerers | जादू-टोना / जादू-टोना करनेवाले | jādū-ṭonā | Medium | Reused | 9,18,21,22 | Galatians baseline entry reused exactly |
| 19 | redemption / redeemed | छुटकारा / (उद्धार लिया) | chuṭakārā | High | Reused | 5,14 | Baseline entry; never मुक्ति/मोक्ष |
| 20 | heir / inherit | वारिस / मीरास में पाना | vārisa | Medium/High | Reused | 21:7 | Galatians baseline entry reused; governed by grace framework |
| 21 | mystery | भेद | bheda | Medium | Reused | 1,10,17 | Baseline entry; never रहस्य |
| 22 | curse | श्राप / श्रापित | śrāpa | High | Reused | 22 | Galatians baseline entry; judicial verdict, never liftable ritual curse |
| 23 | works | काम | kāma | Critical | Reused | 20 | Galatians baseline entry; never कर्म; judgment-evidence, not justification-basis |
| 24 | creator | सृजनहार | sṛjanahāra | High | Reused | 4,21:5 | Baseline entry; grounds “I am making all things new” |
| 25 | wrath of God | परमेश्वर का क्रोध | Parameśvara kā krodha | High | Reused | 6,14,16,19 | Baseline entry; extended to “wrath of the Lamb” (ch.6) |
| 26 | eternal life | अनन्त जीवन | ananta jīvana | High | Reused | 21,22 | Galatians baseline entry; never अमरता/moksha-style absorption |
| 27 | firstfruits | पहले फल | pahale phala | Medium | Reused | 14 | Baseline entry; guard against karma-fruit reading |
| 28 | new creation (conceptually) | नई सृष्टि | naī sṣṭi | Critical | Reused (concept) | 21:1,5 | Galatians baseline entry; extended here to “new heaven and new earth” |
| 29 | amen | आमीन | āmīna | Low | Reused | 1,5,7,19,22 | Baseline entry |
| 30 | Hallelujah | हल्लेलूयाह | hallelūyāha | Low | New (transliteration standard) | 19 | Established liturgical loanword; no risk |
| 31 | Lamb | मेम्ना | memnā | Critical | New | 5,6,7,12,13,14,15,17,19,21,22 | Dominant Christological title (28x); must never be assimilated to repeated animal-sacrifice (paśubali) practice; sacrifice is once-for-all, God-provided |
| 32 | dragon | अजगर | ajagara | Critical | New | 12,13,16,20 | NEVER नाग (Hindu serpent-deity associations); establishes Satan as unambiguously evil, defeated enemy |
| 33 | beast | पशु | paśu | High | New | 11,13,14,16,17,19,20 | Note पशु’s ritual-sacrifice-animal overtone; consider दुष्ट पशु/महाजन्तु for clarity where needed |
| 34 | mark (of the beast) | छाप / चिन्ह | chāpa / cinha | Critical | New | 13,14,16,19,20 | NEVER तिलक (Hindu devotional forehead-mark); must contrast cleanly with seal of God (मुहर) |
| 35 | seal (of God, on foreheads) | मुहर | muhra | High | New | 7,9 | Distinct from σφραγίς used of scroll-seals (ch.5-6, same Hindi word, disambiguate by context); distinct vocabulary from beast’s mark |
| 36 | overcome / overcomer | जय पाना / विजयी | jaya pānā / vijayī | Critical | New | 2,3,12,15,17,21 | ”जय” risks self-achieved-triumph reading; every occurrence must cross-reference 12:11’s definition (Lamb’s blood + testimony) |
| 37 | testimony / witness | गवाही / गवाह | gavāhī / gavāha | High | New | 1,6,11,12,15,17,19,20 | Base rendering for μαρτυρία/μάρτυς word-family; avoid शहीद (loaded Islamic/nationalist martyrdom connotation) — use periphrasis for martyrdom sense |
| 38 | throne | सिंहासन | siṃhāsana | High | New | 1,3,4,5,6,7,12,16,19,20,21,22 | God’s/Lamb’s exclusive sovereign seat; not one throne among a pantheon’s many |
| 39 | tabernacle / dwell (of God with humanity) | निवास करना / तम्बू | nivāsa karnā / tambū | Critical | New | 7,15,21:3 | Ties to incarnation (देहधारण); never suggest deity-in-idol/mūrti indwelling |
| 40 | bride (of Christ / of the Lamb) | दुल्हन | dulhan | Critical | New | 19,21,22 | Corporate ecclesial identity; must not merge with individual bhakti bridal-mysticism (Radha-Krishna motif) |
| 41 | new (qualitatively) | नया / नई | nayā / naī | Critical | New | 2,3,21:1,5 | Must be read as linear, once-for-all divine act, never a repeating cosmic cycle (pralaya/yuga) |
| 42 | second death | दूसरी मृत्यु | dūsarī mṣtyu | Critical | New | 2,20,21:8 | Fixed technical phrase; final and unrepeatable, never a stage preceding further rebirth |
| 43 | lake of fire | आग की झील (आग और गन्धक से जलनेवाली झील) | āga kī jhīla | Critical | New | 19,20,21:8 | Literal, concrete judicial image; never softened to karmic/purgatorial impermanence |
| 44 | book of life | जीवन की पुस्तक | jīvana kī pustaka | High | New | 3,13,17,20,21,22 | God’s gracious register, not a merit-ledger |
| 45 | Alpha and Omega | अल्फा और ओमेगा (आदि और अन्त) | Alfā aura Omegā | Critical | New | 1,21:6,22:13 | Exclusive divine self-identification (echoes YHWH); applied to Christ at 22:13 asserting deity |
| 46 | Almighty | सर्वशक्तिमान | sarvaśaktimāna | High | New | 1,4,11,15,16,19,21 | Established title despite शक्ति-root collision noted in baseline power_of_god entry; retained as fixed proper title |
| 47 | who is, who was, who is to come | जो है, और जो था, और जो आनेवाला है | jo hai, aura jo thā… | Critical | New | 1,4,11,16 | Threefold tense-formula must be retained intact; echoes Exodus 3:14 |
| 48 | seven spirits | सात आत्माएँ | sāta ātmāeṇ | Critical | New | 1,3,4,5 | Mandatory note: symbolic fullness of the one Holy Spirit, NOT seven separate spirit-beings |
| 49 | Hades | अधोलोक | adholoka | High | New | 1,6,20 | Prefer over पाताल (avoids Hindu nāga-loka/avatāra cosmology overlap) |
| 50 | abyss | अथाह कुण्ड | athāha kuṇḍa | High | New | 9,11,17,20 | Same पाताल-avoidance rationale as Hades |
| 51 | every tribe, tongue, people, nation | हर कुल, भाषा, प्रजा और जाति से | hara kula, bhāṣā, prajā aura jāti se | High | New | 5,7,10,11,13,14,17 | जाति risks caste-collision; prefer राष्ट्र/देश or add disambiguating note |
| 52 | kingdom and priests | राज्य और याजक | rājya aura yājaka | High | New | 1,5 | Corporate priesthood of all believers; guard against re-importing priestly-caste hierarchy |
| 53 | tribulation | क्लेश | kleśa | Medium | New | 1,2,7 | Note क्लेश’s technical Yogic-philosophy sense (Patanjali); context must be persecution-suffering, not karmic affliction |
| 54 | synagogue of Satan | शैतान की सभा | śaitāna kī sabhā | Medium | New | 2,3 | Handle with anti-Jewish-reading sensitivity; historically specific local referent |
| 55 | crown of life | जीवन का मुकुट | jīvana kā mukuṭa | High | New | 2 | Gift for faithfulness, not merit-earned trophy |
| 56 | key of David | दाऊद की कुंजी | Dāūda kī kuñjī | High | New | 3 | Reuses दाऊद exactly; ties to Davidic Covenant baseline doctrine |
| 57 | worthy | योग्य | yogya | High | New | 4,5 | Inherent divine/Lamb worthiness, grounded in redemptive death (ch.5), not religious-performance merit |
| 58 | living creatures (four) | प्राणी | prāṇī | Medium | New | 4 | Avoid vahana/animal-mount deity-iconography confusion |
| 59 | elders (twenty-four) | प्राचीन | prācīna | Medium | New | 4,5,7,11,14,19 | Representative redeemed worship-leadership |
| 60 | wrath of the Lamb | मेम्ने का क्रोध | memne kā krodha | High | New | 6 | Deliberate paradox (Lamb + wrath); preserve intact |
| 61 | souls under the altar | वेदी के नीचे के प्राण | vedī ke nīce ke prāṇa | High | New | 6 | Martyrs crying for vindication, not offering worship themselves |
| 62 | avenge / vindicate | न्याय करना | nyāya karnā | High | New | 6 | Judicial vindication by God, never बदला (personal revenge) |
| 63 | 144,000 | एक लाख चौवालीस हज़ार | eka lākha cauvālīsa hazāra | High | New | 7,14 | Render literally; record interpretive referent-options as alternatives_considered |
| 64 | washed robes in the blood of the Lamb | मेम्ने के लोहू में वस्त्र धोना | memne ke lohū meṇ vastra dhonā | Critical | New | 7 | Christ’s blood cleanses; never self-performed ritual ablution (स्नान/शुद्धिकरण) |
| 65 | trumpet | तुरही | turahī | Low | New | 8,9 | Established OT term |
| 66 | incense (prayers of saints) | धूप | dhūpa | Medium | New | 5,8 | Symbolic of prayer; distinguish from Hindu पूजा ritual-offering incense |
| 67 | wormwood | कड़वाहट / अप्सिन्थॉस | kaṛavāhaṭa | Low | New | 8 | Judgment-name; translate meaning or transliterate per translator preference |
| 68 | locusts | टिड्डियाँ | ṭiḍḍiyāṇ | Medium | New | 9 | Demonic agents, not literal insects; context/notes required |
| 69 | Abaddon / Apollyon | अबद्दोन / अपुल्लयोन | Abaddona / Apullayona | Low | New | 9 | Transliterated proper names with “destroyer” gloss |
| 70 | little scroll | छोटा लेखपत्र | choṭā lekhapatra | Low | New | 10 | Prophetic commissioning document |
| 71 | two witnesses | दो गवाह | do gavāha | High | New | 11 | Faithful testimony under persecution, vindicated by resurrection |
| 72 | kingdom of the world became the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ | संसार का राज्य हमारे प्रभु और उसके मसीह का राज्य हो गया | — | Critical | New | 11 | Doctrinal center of Return and Reign of Christ; no softening of universal (not merely internal/spiritual) reign |
| 73 | woman clothed with the sun | सूर्य से वस्त्रधारी स्त्री | sūrya se vastradhārī strī | Medium | New | 12 | Symbol of covenant people, not a goddess-figure |
| 74 | accuser | अभियोगी | abhiyogī | Medium | New | 12 | Satan’s prosecutorial role, now overcome |
| 75 | they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb and the word of their testimony | मेम्ने के लोहू और अपनी गवाही के वचन के द्वारा उन्होंने उस पर जय पाई | — | Critical | New | 12 | Definitional cross-reference for all “overcomer” language in the book |
| 76 | loved not their lives even unto death | मृत्यु तक अपने प्राणों को प्रिय न जाना | — | High | New | 12 | Willing sacrificial faithfulness, not fatalistic resignation or self-mortification merit |
| 77 | image (of the beast) | प्रतिमा / मूरत | pratimā | High | New | 13 | Idolatrous counterfeit-worship object; distinguish sharply from neutral use of “image” |
| 78 | 666 | छ: सौ छाछठ | chha saua chāchaṭha | Medium | New | 13 | Render literally; interpretive referent left open |
| 79 | eternal gospel | अनन्त सुसमाचार | ananta susamācāra | High | New | 14 | Combines baseline सुसमाचार with अनन्त; universal call amid judgment |
| 80 | Babylon (the great) | बड़ा बाबेल | baṛā Bābela | High | New | 14,16,17,18 | Symbolic of the present corrupt world-system; literal/symbolic referent left open |
| 81 | harvest / winepress of God’s wrath | कटनी / परमेश्वर के क्रोध का दाखरस का कुण्ड | kaṭanī / … | High | New | 14 | Vivid judgment imagery; do not soften |
| 82 | patient endurance of the saints | पवित्र जनों का धीरज | pavitra janoṇ kā dhīraja | High | New | 14 | Active faith-filled steadfastness, not fatalistic/karmic passivity |
| 83 | blessed are the dead who die in the Lord | धन्य हैं वे मरे हुए जो प्रभु में मरते हैं | — | High | New | 14 | Union-with-Christ formula (प्रभु में) retained |
| 84 | song of Moses and of the Lamb | मूसा और मेम्ने का गीत | Mūsā aura memne kā gīta | High | New | 15 | OT/NT redemptive continuity |
| 85 | just and true are your ways | तेरी सब चालें धर्मी और सत्य हैं | — | High | New | 15 | Reuses धार्मिकता-root and सत्य; never धर्म |
| 86 | Armageddon | हरमगिदोन | Harmagedona | Medium | New | 16 | Theological symbol; guard against pop-culture over-literalization |
| 87 | great prostitute | बड़ी वेश्या | baṛī veśyā | High | New | 17 | Antithesis of the Bride; handle pastorally, without softening |
| 88 | come out of her, my people | मेरी प्रजा, उसमें से निकल आओ | — | High | New | 18 | Ongoing spiritual non-conformity, not literal relocation or ascetic withdrawal |
| 89 | merchants | व्यापारी | vyāpārī | Low | New | 18 | Economic complicity warning |
| 90 | marriage supper of the Lamb | मेम्ने का विवाह-भोज | memne kā vivāha-bhoja | Critical | New | 19 | Cross-reference with दुल्हन entry; corporate church, not individual bhakti union |
| 91 | Faithful and True | विश्वासयोग्य और सत्य | viśvāsayogya aura satya | High | New | 19,21:5 | Cross-referenced title (God’s words / Christ’s person) |
| 92 | the Word of God (title) | परमेश्वर का वचन | Parameśvara kā vacana | High | New | 19 | New title-level entry, distinct from वाचा (covenant) and generic वचन usage |
| 93 | King of Kings and Lord of Lords | राजाओं का राजा और प्रभुओं का प्रभु | rājāoṇ kā rājā aura prabhuoṇ kā prabhu | Critical | New | 17:14,19:16 | Reuses प्रभु exactly; exclusive, absolute sovereignty, never “greatest among many” |
| 94 | armies of heaven | स्वर्ग की सेनाएँ | svarga kī senāeṇ | Low | New | 19 | Certainty/completeness of Christ’s victorious return |
| 95 | a thousand years (millennium) | हज़ार वर्ष | hazāra varṣa | High | New | 20 | Literal numeral; interpretive schemes left open in translation |
| 96 | Satan bound | शैतान को बान्धा जाना | śaitāna ko bāndhā jānā | High | New | 20 | Total, God-imposed restraint, not a truce between equals |
| 97 | first resurrection | पहला पुनरुत्थान | pahalā punaruttthāna | Critical | New | 20 | Extends पुनरुत्थान baseline; guarantees exemption from second death |
| 98 | great white throne | बड़ा श्वेत सिंहासन | baṛā śveta siṃhāsana | High | New | 20 | Final universal judgment-seat; note color-symbolism sensitivity |
| 99 | judged according to their works | अपने-अपने कामों के अनुसार न्याय | apane-apane kāmoṇ ke anusāra nyāya | Critical | New | 20 | काम never कर्म; judgment-evidence vs. justification-basis distinction required |
| 100 | no temple — God/Lamb are its temple | मन्दिर नहीं… सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर और मेम्ना ही उसका मन्दिर है | — | Critical | New | 21 | Never मंदिर-suggestive of Hindu temple; abolition of all mediating ritual structure |
| 101 | nations will walk by its light | राष्ट्र उसकी ज्योति में चलेंगे | rāṣṭra uskī jyoti meṇ calenge | Medium | New | 21 | ज्योति risk with devotional lamp/ārtī imagery; keep God’s own glory in view |
| 102 | nothing unclean shall enter | उसमें कोई अशुद्ध वस्तु प्रवेश न करेगी | — | High | New | 21 | Moral-relational sense of अशुद्ध, not mere ritual impurity |
| 103 | river of the water of life | जीवन के जल की नदी | jīvana ke jala kī nadī | Medium | New | 22 | Continuity with 21:6 spring imagery; Edenic restoration |
| 104 | tree of life | जीवन का वृक्ष | jīvana kā vṣka | Medium | New | 22 | Echoes Genesis 2-3; low OT literacy note recommended |
| 105 | no more curse | फिर कोई श्राप न होगा | phira koī śrāpa na hogā | High | New | 22 | Reuses श्राप exactly; reversal of Genesis 3, judicial not magical |
| 106 | his servants will worship him | उसके सेवक उसकी आराधना करेंगे | usake sevaka uskī ārādhanā karenge | High | New | 22 | Willing covenant service, distinct from caste-inflected सेवक/दास connotations |
| 107 | they will see his face | वे उसका मुख देखेंगे | ve uskā mukha dekhenge | High | New | 22 | Unmediated personal fellowship; distinguish from दर्शन/साक्षात्कार |
| 108 | Come, Lord Jesus | आ, प्रभु यीशु | ā, prabhu Yīśu | High | New | 22 | Direct second-person address; pair with Aramaic Maranatha background |
| 109 | do not add to or take away from this prophecy | इसमें कुछ न बढ़ाना, न घटाना | — | High | New | 22 | Echoes Deuteronomy 4:2/12:32; primarily book-specific, secondarily canon-related |
Terms Explicitly Cross-Referenced from the Core Passage (Revelation 21:1-8)
The following core-passage terms are the highest-priority entries for Phase 2 translation-memory formalization, given their Critical risk tier and pervasive recurrence across the book:
- new (καινός) — #41
- tabernacle/dwell (σκηνόω/σκηνή) — #39
- bride (νύμφη) — #40
- overcome (νικάω) — #36
- Alpha and Omega — #45
- second death — #42
- lake of fire — #43
- water of life / freely (δωρεάν) — reuse grace-framework, #8
- Son of God vs. adoptive “son” of 21:7 — #6, distinguished from believers’ adoption per baseline
Chapters Confirmed as Introducing No New Load-Bearing Vocabulary Beyond Prior Chapters
None. Every chapter of Revelation (1–22) was found to introduce at least one load-bearing theological term requiring individual analysis, as documented in 07_semantic_analysis.md. Chapters 15–16, 18, and 21:9-27 introduce the fewest wholly new terms, relying substantially on vocabulary already established in chapters 4-14 and 17 respectively (throne, bowls, Babylon, bride, glory); this reuse is noted explicitly in each chapter’s section of the semantic analysis rather than treated as an absence of content.
This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation begins. All “New” status terms require formal addition to translation memory, with Critical/High risk terms flagged for mandatory theologian review per the escalation rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvara
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर, भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. The one true, personal, triune God, sovereign over history’s consummation in Revelation’s throne-room and judgment visions.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Deity and Eternal Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा, ईशू
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. BSI OV standard proper name form, never ईसा.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: Masīha
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त व्यक्ति, देव-दूत
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation 11:15’s ‘kingdom of the world became… of our Lord and of his Christ’ must not read as one divine figure among others.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: Prabhu
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Combines with the new king_of_kings_and_lord_of_lords title (17:14; 19:16); exclusive, supreme authority, never one lord among many claimed cosmic powers.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Holy Spirit Fullness and Personhood
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा, देव-आत्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Ties directly to the new seven_spirits entry: the symbolic sevenfold fullness of this one, personal, divine Spirit — never seven separate beings.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का पुत्र
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā putra
Doctrine: Deity and Eternal Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर का अंश, देव-पुरुष
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Must be kept terminologically and theologically distinct from covenant_sonship_formula’s adoptive पुत्र applied to believers in 21:7.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhāra
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and the Book of Life
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Celebrated in heaven’s worship (7:10; 12:10; 19:1); never मुक्ति/मोक्ष.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruttthāna
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and the Book of Life
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Extended in 20:5-6 as ‘the first resurrection’ (see first_resurrection). Never पुनर्जन्म.
New Creation
Approved rendering: नई सृष्टि
Transliteration: naī sṣṭi
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Galatians package. Extended here to ‘the new heaven and new earth’ of Revelation 21 (see new_heaven_and_earth); never पुनर्जन्म-adjacent rebirth framing.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, न्याय
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies just_and_true_are_your_ways (15:3, धर्मी). Never धर्म.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit background to the covenant_sonship_formula (21:7, ‘I will be his God and he will be my son’).
Lamb
Approved rendering: मेम्ना
Transliteration: memnā
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
Christ as the slain-yet-victorious sacrificial redeemer, now enthroned and worshiped equally with God; dominant Christological title (28 occurrences). Must never be assimilated to repeated paśubali (animal sacrifice); the sacrifice is once-for-all and God-provided. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Dragon
Approved rendering: अजगर
Transliteration: ajagara
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: नाग
Original: ὁ δράκων
Category: Sin
Satan, ‘that ancient serpent… the Devil’ (12:9). NEVER नाग — carries positive/ambivalent Hindu religious associations (Nāgarāja worship, Nāg Pañcamī, Śeṣa on whom Viṣṇu reclines). अजगर keeps Satan unambiguously evil and permanently defeated.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: छाप / चिन्ह
Transliteration: chāpa / cinha
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: तिलक
Original: τὸ χάραγμα
Category: Sin
The imprinted mark of allegiance to the beast’s system (13:16-17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4). NEVER तिलक (Hindu sectarian forehead-mark of devotional identity). Must contrast lexically with seal_of_god (मुहर).
Overcomer
Approved rendering: जय पाने वाला / विजयी
Transliteration: jaya pāne vālā / vijayī
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὁ νικῶν
Category: Perseverance
ὁ νικῶν; refrain closing all seven letters (chs.2-3) and recurring at 12:11; 15:2; 17:14; 21:7. जय carries Hindi devotional-triumphalist resonance (cf. ‘जय श्री राम’); EVERY occurrence must cross-reference overcame_by_blood_and_testimony (12:11) — victory is Christ’s, appropriated through his blood and testimony, never self-generated spiritual conquest.
Tabernacle Dwell
Approved rendering: निवास करना / तम्बू
Transliteration: nivāsa karanā / tambū
Doctrine: God’s Unmediated Covenant Presence
Original: σκηνή / σκηνόω
Category: Covenant
σκηνή/σκηνόω — God’s permanent, personal, unmediated presence dwelling with his redeemed people (7:15; 21:3). Must never suggest a deity temporarily indwelling an idol, avatar, or consecrated object (mūrti/garbhagṛiha concepts).
Bride Of Christ
Approved rendering: दुल्हन
Transliteration: dulhana
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church
νύμφη — the Church corporately, prepared by God’s own gift, not self-beautified merit (19:7-9; 21:2,9; 22:17). Intersects with Radha-Krishna Vaishnava bhakti bridal-mysticism; the Bride is corporate and God-prepared, never an individual devotee’s self-cultivated ecstatic union. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
New Heaven And Earth
Approved rendering: नया / नई
Transliteration: nayā / naī
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινός
Category: Eschatology
καινός — qualitatively new, describing God’s decisive, once-for-all re-creative act (21:1,5; cf. 2:17; 3:12). Readily maps onto Hindu pralaya/yuga-cycle re-creation; must be anchored to 21:1’s ‘passed away’ and 21:5’s ‘I am making all things new’ as a linear, unrepeatable, terminal event.
Second Death
Approved rendering: दूसरी मृत्यु
Transliteration: dūsarī mṣtyu
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
Fixed technical phrase (2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8), used identically at every occurrence. Never explained using rebirth/reincarnation vocabulary; final and unrepeatable, with no further transition to follow.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: आग की झील
Transliteration: āga kī jhīla
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός
Category: Judgment
The place of final, conscious, eternal judgment (19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8). Retain literally (आग और गन्धक से जलनेवाली झील); never softened toward an impersonal karmic consequence or purgatorial fire allowing future re-purification/rebirth.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: अल्फा और ओमेगा (आदि और अन्त)
Transliteration: Alfā aura Omegā
Doctrine: Deity and Eternal Sonship of Christ
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ
Category: God
A merism for absolute comprehensiveness; God’s self-identification (1:8; 21:6), applied to Christ at 22:13 asserting full deity — echoes YHWH’s self-declaration (Isaiah 44:6). Never diluted into a poetic superlative; never glossed alongside Om (ओम्).
Who Is Who Was Who Is To Come
Approved rendering: जो है, और जो था, और जो आनेवाला है
Transliteration: jo hai, aura jo thā, aura jo ānevālā hai
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος
Category: God
God’s eternal self-existence and lordship over all time, echoing Exodus 3:14 (1:4,8; 4:8; 11:17; 16:5). Must retain the precise threefold tense structure; never flattened into a vaguer ‘eternal God’ paraphrase.
Seven Spirits
Approved rendering: सात आत्माएँ
Transliteration: sāta ātmāeṇ
Doctrine: Holy Spirit Fullness and Personhood
Original: τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
The symbolic fullness/completeness of the one Holy Spirit’s ministry (1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6). MANDATORY translator/study note on every occurrence clarifying this as symbolic of the one पवित्र आत्मा, NOT seven distinct spirits or deities — severe risk given India’s polytheistic framework.
Washed Robes In Blood Of Lamb
Approved rendering: मेम्ने के लोहू में वस्त्र धोना
Transliteration: memne ke lohū meṇ vastra dhonā
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἔπλυναν τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Salvation
Metaphor for cleansing/purification accomplished entirely through Christ’s atoning blood (7:14). Must be retained literally; distinguish sharply from Hindu self-performed ritual bathing/purification (स्नान/शुद्धिकरण).
Kingdom Of The World Became Christs
Approved rendering: संसार का राज्य हमारे प्रभु और उसके मसीह का राज्य हो गया
Transliteration: saṃsāra kā rājya hamāre Prabhu aura usake Masīha kā rājya ho gayā
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ
Category: Sovereignty
The climactic proleptic announcement of Christ’s universal reign (11:15) — the doctrinal center of The Return and Reign of Christ. Reuses प्रभु and मसीह exactly; must render Christ’s universal, not merely spiritual/internal, reign without softening.
Overcame By Blood And Testimony
Approved rendering: मेम्ने के लोहू और अपनी गवाही के वचन के द्वारा उन्होंने उस पर जय पाई
Transliteration: memne ke lohū aura apanī gavāhī ke vacana ke dvārā unhonne usa para jaya pāī
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ἐνίκησαν αὐτὸν διὰ τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτῶν
Category: Perseverance
The definitive statement of how believers ‘overcome’ Satan (12:11). Flagged as the mandatory cross-reference for EVERY occurrence of overcomer language elsewhere in the book (chs.2-3; 15:2; 17:14; 21:7); guards decisively against self-effort or ritual-merit misreading.
Marriage Supper Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: मेम्ने का विवाह-भोज
Transliteration: memne kā vivāha-bhoja
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
Consummation of the Bride/Groom covenant relationship (19:7-9). Reuses मेम्ना exactly; cross-referenced with bride_of_christ — corporate church, never individual bhakti union. Mandatory theologian review.
King Of Kings And Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: राजाओं का राजा और प्रभुओं का प्रभु
Transliteration: rājāoṇ kā rājā aura prabhuoṇ kā prabhu
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: राजाधिराज
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
Christ’s absolute, exclusive, universal sovereignty (17:14; 19:16). Reuses प्रभु exactly; never softened to ‘greatest among many lords/kings’; never substituted with राजाधिराज (a title also applied historically to human kings and, in bhakti contexts, to pantheon deities).
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: पहला पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: pahalā punaruttthāna
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and the Book of Life
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology
A specific, debated designation guaranteeing exemption from the second death (20:5-6). Reuses पुनरुत्थान exactly; NEVER पुनर्जन्म.
Judged According To Works
Approved rendering: अपने-अपने कामों के अनुसार न्याय
Transliteration: apane-apane kāmoṇ ke anusāra nyāya
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: कर्म
Original: ἐκρίθησαν κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν
Category: Judgment
Final judgment assessing actual deeds as evidence, distinguished sharply from the basis of justification, never by works (20:12-13). Reuses काम, NEVER कर्म; requires careful theological framing to avoid contradicting justification-by-faith.
No Temple
Approved rendering: मन्दिर नहीं…सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर और मेम्ना ही उसका मन्दिर है
Transliteration: mandira nahīṇ… sarvaśaktimāna Parameśvara aura memnā hī usakā mandira hai
Doctrine: God’s Unmediated Covenant Presence
Original: ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῇ, ὁ γὰρ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ ναὸς αὐτῆς ἐστίν, καὶ τὸ ἀρνίον
Category: Covenant
The final abolition of every mediating sanctuary structure (21:22). Never रेंडर with मंदिर suggesting a Hindu temple, extending the baseline’s prohibition of मंदिर for ‘church’; the book’s strongest statement against ritual mediation.
Spring Of Water Of Life Freely
Approved rendering: जीवन के जल का सोता, बिना दाम
Transliteration: jīvana ke jala kā sotā, binā dāma
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and the Book of Life
Original: τῆς πηγῆς τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
Christ’s/God’s inexhaustible source of eternal life given entirely without cost (21:6). बिना दाम is the required sense for δωρεάν — the single most direct anti-merit statement in the core passage.
Covenant Sonship Formula
Approved rendering: मैं उसका परमेश्वर होऊँगा, और वह मेरा पुत्र होगा
Transliteration: maiṇ usakā Parameśvara hoūṇgā, aura vaha merā putra hogā
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship of Believers
Original: ἔσομαι αὐτῷ θεὸς καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται μοι υἱός
Category: Salvation
Consummation of the adoption promise for every overcomer, echoing 2 Samuel 7:14 (21:7). Must be kept terminologically and theologically distinct from परमेश्वर का पुत्र, Christ’s exclusive eternal Sonship title.
Making All Things New
Approved rendering: मैं सब कुछ नया बना रहा हूँ
Transliteration: maiṇ saba kucha nayā banā rahā hūṇ
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα
Category: Eschatology
God’s present-tense, ongoing, decisive re-creative act (21:5). God must remain the sole grammatical agent; never phrased so the redeemed attain newness through spiritual practice.
Death Abolished
Approved rendering: मृत्यु फिर न होगी
Transliteration: mṣtyu phira na hogī
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ὁ θάνατος οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι
Category: Eschatology
Death’s final, historical, permanent abolition (21:4; cf.1 Cor.15:26). Categorically different from saṃsāra/punarjanma frameworks; pairs with the baseline resurrection’s पुनर्जन्म prohibition.
Firstborn Of The Dead
Approved rendering: मरे हुओं में से पहलौठा
Transliteration: mare huoṇ meṇ se pahalauṭhā
Doctrine: Deity and Eternal Sonship of Christ
Original: ὁ πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν
Category: Christology
Christ’s resurrection as the historical, bodily first-instance guaranteeing believers’ own resurrection (1:5). Retains ‘firstborn’ legal-priority sense and the baseline पुनर्जन्म prohibition.
High Risk Terms
Worship
Approved rendering: आराधना
Transliteration: ārādhanā
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: पूजा
Original: προσκυνέω / λατρεύω
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans package. Used identically for true worship of God/the Lamb (chs.4-5,7,19,22) and the beast’s counterfeit worship (ch.13) — only the object, never the verb, signals falsity; this deliberate parallel must be preserved, not corrected.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and the Book of Life
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, वरदान, भाग्य, कर्म-फल, पुण्य
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. The book’s closing benediction (22:21); never कृपा here.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity and Eternal Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देव-ज्योति, प्रकाश
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Illuminates the New Jerusalem in place of sun/moon (21:23-24); avoid light-metaphor conflation with jyoti/ārtī devotional-lamp imagery.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Describes the holy city, the holy ones, and God’s thrice-repeated holiness (4:8).
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jana
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: संत, संतजन
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never संत. All believers suffering persecution and crying for vindication (6:9-11), not an ascetic elite.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Catalogued in Revelation’s vice-lists (21:8; 22:15) excluding the unrepentant from the New Jerusalem.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: मूर्तिपूजा
Transliteration: mūrtipūjā
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Central to Revelation’s critique of beast-worship and emperor-cult (ch.13); handle pastorally, never soften the exclusion.
Redemption
Approved rendering: छुटकारा
Transliteration: chuṭakārā
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Deliverance secured at the price of the Lamb’s blood, purchasing people from every nation (5:9; 14:3-4). Never मुक्ति/मोक्ष.
Heir
Approved rendering: वारिस / मीरास में पाना
Transliteration: vārisa
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship of Believers
Original: κληρονομέω
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Galatians package. Governs the overcomer’s reception of the whole new-creation promise as family inheritance (21:7), not merit-earned wages.
Curse
Approved rendering: श्राप / श्रापित
Transliteration: śrāpa / śrāpita
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: κατάρα / κατάθεμα
Category: Atonement
Inherited from Galatians package. The judicial curse-sanction, finally and totally reversed in the New Jerusalem (22:3, see no_more_curse). Never a liftable ritual curse.
Creator
Approved rendering: सृजनहार
Transliteration: sṛjanahāra
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा
Original: ὁ ποιήσας τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds making_all_things_new (21:5) — the same Creator re-creating; never Hindu creator-deity names.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का क्रोध
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā krodha
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: बदला
Original: ὀργὴ θεοῦ / θυμός
Category: Judgment
Inherited from Romans package. Poured out in the bowl judgments and the winepress of judgment (14:19; 16:1); extended to wrath_of_the_lamb (6:16). Never बदला.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: अनन्त जीवन
Transliteration: ananta jīvana
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: अमरता
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Galatians package. Given freely from the spring/river of the water of life (21:6; 22:1,17); never earned, never अमरता/moksha-style absorption.
Works Of The Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था के काम
Transliteration: vyavasthā ke kāma
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: कर्म
Inherited from Galatians package. Source of the mandatory काम-never-कर्म rule extended by the new judged_according_to_works entry (20:12-13) to Revelation’s final judgment scene.
Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, समझौता
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies key_of_david (3:7), the Davidic covenant background to Christ’s messianic authority.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, आस्था, भरोसा
Inherited from Romans package. Root of the_unbelieving (अविश्वासी, 21:8) and of विश्वासयोग्य in faithful_and_true (19:11; 21:5).
Beast
Approved rendering: पशु
Transliteration: paśu
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: τὸ θηρίον
Category: Sin
The monstrous, composite power symbolizing hostile political/religious imperial opposition to God (chs.11,13,14,16,17,19,20). Note पशु’s paśubali sacrificial-animal overtone; दुष्ट पशु/महाजन्तु may be used for added clarity.
Seal Of God
Approved rendering: मुहर
Transliteration: muhra
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: तिलक
Original: σφραγίς / ἐσφραγισμένοι
Category: Sanctification
God’s protective ownership-mark on the foreheads of his servants (ch.7,9), positive counterpart to mark_of_the_beast. Kept lexically distinct from छाप/चिन्ह.
Testimony
Approved rendering: गवाही / गवाह
Transliteration: gavāhī / gavāha
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: शहीद
Original: μαρτυρία / μάρτυς
Category: Perseverance
μαρτυρία/μάρτυς word family, foundational to the overcoming motif (1:2,9; 6:9; 11:7; 12:11,17; 19:10; 20:4). NEVER शहीद (Islamic/nationalist martyrdom connotation) — use periphrasis (e.g. ‘जो अपने विश्वास के कारण मार डाले गए’) for the martyrdom sense.
Throne
Approved rendering: सिंहासन
Transliteration: siṃhāsana
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ θρόνος
Category: Sovereignty
The seat of God’s/the Lamb’s sovereign rule, 40+ occurrences. सिंहासन is generic Hindi royal/divine vocabulary; context must repeatedly assert this is the one true God’s exclusive, unshared throne, not one among a pantheon’s many.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवन की पुस्तक
Transliteration: jīvana kī pustaka
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and the Book of Life
Original: τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
God’s divine register determining exemption from the second death (3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27). Must be God’s sovereign, gracious record, never a Citragupta-style karma-merit deeds-ledger.
Almighty
Approved rendering: सर्वशक्तिमान
Transliteration: sarvaśaktimāna
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ Παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
Παντοκράτωρ (1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22). Established BSI title despite the शक्ति-root collision flagged in the baseline power_of_god entry (which mandates सामर्थ्य); retained as fixed proper title with translator awareness of the collision.
Hades
Approved rendering: अधोलोक
Transliteration: adholoka
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: पाताल
Original: ᾍδης
Category: Eschatology
The temporary holding-place of the dead prior to final resurrection and judgment (1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14). Preferred over पाताल to avoid Hindu nāga-loka/avatāra cosmology overlap.
Abyss
Approved rendering: अथाह कुण्ड
Transliteration: athāha kuṇḍa
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: पाताल
Original: ἡ ἄβυσσος
Category: Eschatology
The place of confinement for demonic forces under God’s sovereign control (9:1-2,11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3). Same पाताल-avoidance rationale as hades.
Every Tribe Tongue People Nation
Approved rendering: हर कुल, भाषा, प्रजा और जाति से
Transliteration: hara kula, bhāṣā, prajā aura jāti se
Doctrine: Universal, Multinational Scope of the Redeemed
Original: ἐκ πάσης φυλῆς καὶ γλώσσης καὶ λαοῦ καὶ ἔθνους
Category: Church
Fourfold universality formula (5:9; 7:9; 10:11; 11:9; 13:7; 14:6; 17:15). जाति is also the standard Hindi word for caste; unreflective use risks inverting the anti-hierarchy universalism into a caste-affirmation. Prefer राष्ट्र/देश or an explicit disambiguating note at every occurrence.
Kingdom And Priests
Approved rendering: राज्य और याजक
Transliteration: rājya aura yājaka
Doctrine: Universal, Multinational Scope of the Redeemed
Original: βασιλεία, ἱερεῖς
Category: Church
Echoes Exodus 19:6 (1:6; 5:10). याजक must be the corporate priesthood of all believers, guarding against re-importing a Brahmin-style priestly-caste hierarchy.
Crown Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवन का मुकुट
Transliteration: jīvana kā mukuṭa
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὁ στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
The victor’s wreath of eternal life given to those who remain faithful under persecution unto death (2:10). A gift for faithfulness, not a merit-earned trophy.
Key Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊद की कुंजी
Transliteration: Dāūda kī kuñjī
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἡ κλεὶς Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Christ’s exclusive messianic authority over access to God’s kingdom, echoing Isaiah 22:22 (3:7). Reuses दाऊद exactly.
Worthy
Approved rendering: योग्य
Transliteration: yogya
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
ἄξιος — God’s/the Lamb’s exclusive, inherent worthiness to receive worship and open the scroll, grounded in redemptive death (4:11; 5:2,4,9,12). Never merit accumulated through religious performance.
Wrath Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: मेम्ने का क्रोध
Transliteration: memne kā krodha
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Judgment
The striking paradox of the slain Lamb also exercising righteous judicial wrath (6:16). Reuses क्रोध exactly; the Lamb/wrath paradox is deliberate and must not be smoothed over.
Souls Under The Altar
Approved rendering: वेदी के नीचे के प्राण
Transliteration: vedī ke nīce ke prāṇa
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: αἱ ψυχαὶ ὑποκάτω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου
Category: Judgment
Martyrs’ souls crying out for God’s righteous vindication (6:9-10). Context must clarify these martyrs are not receiving or offering worship, but crying for justice.
Avenge Vindicate
Approved rendering: न्याय करना
Transliteration: nyāya karanā
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: बदला लेना
Original: ἐκδικέω
Category: Judgment
ἐκδικέω — the martyrs’ prayer for God’s own righteous judicial action (6:10). Preferred over बदला लेना (personal revenge), per baseline wrath_of_god caution.
One Hundred Forty Four Thousand
Approved rendering: एक लाख चौवालीस हज़ार
Transliteration: eka lākha cauvālīsa hazāra
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες
Category: Symbolic
Symbolic number (12x12x1000), the complete number of God’s sealed servants (7:4; 14:1,3). Render literally; flag referent debate (ethnic Israel vs. whole church) as alternatives_considered, never resolved in the text.
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: दो गवाह
Transliteration: do gavāha
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: οἱ δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Perseverance
Symbolic prophetic figures who testify, are killed, and are raised, echoing Moses/Elijah typology (ch.11). Reuses गवाही root exactly.
Loved Not Their Lives
Approved rendering: मृत्यु तक अपने प्राणों को प्रिय न जाना
Transliteration: mṣtyu taka apane prāṇoṇ ko priya na jānā
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: οὐκ ἠγάπησαν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῶν ἄχρι θανάτου
Category: Perseverance
The radical, willing self-sacrifice of martyrs echoing Christ’s own pattern (12:11b). Willing sacrificial devotion, never fatalistic resignation or self-mortification merit.
Image Of The Beast
Approved rendering: प्रतिमा / मूरत
Transliteration: pratimā / mūrata
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἡ εἰκών
Category: Sin
εἰκών — a cultic image demanding false worship (13:14-15). Direct visual/conceptual overlap with Hindu मूर्ति; context must make unmistakably clear this is a false, demonically-empowered counterfeit object.
Eternal Gospel
Approved rendering: अनन्त सुसमाचार
Transliteration: ananta susamācāra
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: खुशखबरी, शुभ सन्देश
Original: εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Gospel
The unchanging, everlasting good news proclaimed amid final judgment (14:6-7). Combines baseline सुसमाचार exactly with अनन्त.
Babylon The Great
Approved rendering: बड़ा बाबेल
Transliteration: baṛā Bābela
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
Symbolic name for the corrupt, seductive, idolatrous world-system opposing God (14:8; chs.17-18). Reuses established बाबेल; literal/symbolic referent left open, never a contemporary political identification.
Harvest Winepress Of Wrath
Approved rendering: कटनी / परमेश्वर के क्रोध का दाखरस का कुण्ड
Transliteration: kaṭanī / Parameśvara ke krodha kā dākharasa kā kuṇḍa
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θερισμός / ἡ ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment
Agricultural judgment-imagery for final, comprehensive divine judgment (14:14-20). Reuses क्रोध exactly; retain the vivid imagery, do not soften.
Patient Endurance Of Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जनों का धीरज
Transliteration: pavitra janoṇ kā dhīraja
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ἡ ὑπομονὴ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Perseverance
Steadfast endurance under pressure called for amid persecution and coming judgment (14:12). Active, faith-filled steadfastness, never fatalistic/karmic passivity.
Blessed Are The Dead Who Die In The Lord
Approved rendering: धन्य हैं वे मरे हुए जो प्रभु में मरते हैं
Transliteration: dhanya haiṇ ve mare hue jo Prabhu meṇ marate haiṇ
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and the Book of Life
Original: μακάριοι οἱ νεκροὶ οἱ ἐν κυρίῳ ἀποθνήσκοντες
Category: Eschatology
A beatitude for those who die faithful ‘in the Lord’ (14:13). Reuses प्रभु में as union-with-Christ formula; धन्य is God’s own pronounced blessing.
Song Of Moses And The Lamb
Approved rendering: मूसा और मेम्ने का गीत
Transliteration: Mūsā aura memne kā gīta
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾿Ωδὴ Μωϋσέως καὶ ᾿Ωδὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Worship
A song joining Exodus deliverance-song typology to the Lamb’s redemption (15:3-4). OT/NT continuity of God’s one redemptive plan.
Just And True Are Your Ways
Approved rendering: तेरी सब चालें धर्मी और सत्य हैं
Transliteration: terī saba cāleṇ dharmī aura satya haiṇ
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: δίκαιαι καὶ ἀληθιναὶ αἱ ὁδοί σου
Category: Sovereignty
God’s sovereign judgments are morally right and reliably true, never arbitrary (15:3). Reuses धार्मिकता-family (never धर्म) and सत्य per the alpha_and_omega caution against Vedantic Sat.
Great Prostitute
Approved rendering: बड़ी वेश्या
Transliteration: baṛī veśyā
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
Babylon’s seductive idolatry personified, the antithesis of the Bride (ch.17). Preserve the literary antithesis with दुल्हन; handle pastorally, never softened.
Come Out Of Her My People
Approved rendering: मेरी प्रजा, उसमें से निकल आओ
Transliteration: merī prajā, usameṇ se nikala āo
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ἐξέλθατε ἐξ αὐτῆς, ὁ λαός μου
Category: Perseverance
God’s call to spiritual/moral separation from the world’s corrupt system (18:4). Ongoing non-conformity, never literal relocation or ascetic (sannyasa-style) withdrawal.
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: विश्वासयोग्य और सत्य
Transliteration: viśvāsayogya aura satya
Doctrine: Deity and Eternal Sonship of Christ
Original: πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: Christology
Christ’s title (19:11) echoing 21:5’s description of God’s own words. विश्वासयोग्य shares the विश्वास root deliberately; सत्य is a personal God’s trustworthy speech-act, distinct from impersonal Vedantic Sat-Chit-Ananda usage.
Word Of God Title
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का वचन
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā vacana
Doctrine: Deity and Eternal Sonship of Christ
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Christ’s title (19:13) echoing John 1:1’s Logos-Christology. New title-level entry, kept distinct from वाचा (covenant) and generic वचन usage.
Thousand Years
Approved rendering: हज़ार वर्ष
Transliteration: hazāra varṣa
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
A specific period of Christ’s/the saints’ reign following Satan’s binding (20:2-7), eschatologically debated. Render literally; interpretive schemes (pre-/a-/post-millennial) recorded only as alternatives_considered, never resolved in the translated text.
Satan Bound
Approved rendering: शैतान को बान्धा जाना
Transliteration: śaitāna ko bāndhā jānā
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ὁ Σατανᾶς δεθήσεται
Category: Sovereignty
God’s total, sovereign restraint of Satan’s activity for the specified period (20:1-3). Retain the totality (chain and seal) as evidence of complete sovereign control, never a truce between comparable powers.
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: बड़ा श्वेत सिंहासन
Transliteration: baṛā śveta siṃhāsana
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ θρόνος ὁ μέγας ὁ λευκός
Category: Judgment
The final, ultimate judgment-seat of God for all the dead (20:11). श्वेत signals purity/holiness; flag for native speaker review to guard against unintended color/varna association in the South Asian context.
Nothing Unclean Shall Enter
Approved rendering: उसमें कोई अशुद्ध वस्तु प्रवेश न करेगी
Transliteration: usameṇ koī aśuddha vastu praveśa na karegī
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς αὐτὴν πᾶν κοινόν
Category: Sanctification
Total moral and spiritual purity of the eternal city (21:27). अशुद्ध must carry the moral-relational sense, not mere ritual impurity.
No More Curse
Approved rendering: फिर कोई श्राप न होगा
Transliteration: phira koī śrāpa na hogā
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: οὐκ ἔσται πᾶς κατάθεμα
Category: Eschatology
Total reversal of the Genesis 3 curse (22:3). Reuses श्राप exactly; judicial/relational sense, never magical/liftable-by-ritual.
Servants Will Worship Him
Approved rendering: उसके सेवक उसकी आराधना करेंगे
Transliteration: usake sevaka uskī ārādhanā karenge
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ λατρεύσουσιν αὐτῷ
Category: Worship
Eternal, willing, joyful service-worship (22:3). सेवक must be willing, dignified covenant service, not caste-inflected सेवक/दास servitude.
They Will See His Face
Approved rendering: वे उसका मुख देखेंगे
Transliteration: ve uskā mukha dekhenge
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: दर्शन, साक्षात्कार
Original: ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ
Category: Eschatology
Direct, unmediated beatific vision, reversing Exodus 33:20’s prohibition (22:4). Never conflated with Hindu दर्शन (ritual visual encounter with a deity’s image) or Advaitic साक्षात्कार (self-realization).
Come Lord Jesus
Approved rendering: आ, प्रभु यीशु
Transliteration: ā, prabhu Yīśu
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Ἔρχου, κύριε Ἰησοῦ
Category: Worship
The book’s climactic prayer, echoing Aramaic ‘Maranatha’ (22:20). Reuses प्रभु and यीशु exactly; retain direct, second-person address, never softened into third-person wish.
Do Not Add Or Take Away
Approved rendering: इसमें कुछ न बढ़ाना, न घटाना
Transliteration: isameṇ kucha na baṛhānā, na ghaṭānā
Doctrine: Inspiration and Inviolability of Scripture
Original: ἐάν τις ἐπιθῇ ἐπ᾽ αὐτά… ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων
Category: Revelation
Solemn covenant-document warning echoing Deuteronomy 4:2; 12:32 (22:18-19). Primarily protects this book’s own text; broader canonical application is legitimate secondary inference, not the primary referent.
It Is Done
Approved rendering: हो गया / पूरा हो गया
Transliteration: ho gayā / pūrā ho gayā
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: Γέγοναν
Category: Eschatology
A perfect-tense declaration of certain, settled accomplishment (21:6; cf.16:17). Must carry finality, not a provisional stage awaiting a further cosmic cycle.
The Thirsty
Approved rendering: जो प्यासा हो
Transliteration: jo pyāsā ho
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and the Book of Life
Original: ὁ διψῶν
Category: Salvation
All who recognize their spiritual need, echoing John 4:14; 7:37 (21:6; 22:17). Must retain universality — anyone, regardless of status.
Former Things
Approved rendering: पहली बातें
Transliteration: pahalī bāteṇ
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: τὰ πρῶτα
Category: Eschatology
The former created order in its fallen, cursed condition, decisively terminated (21:4). Read alongside ‘passed away’ as one coherent, final termination.
Passed Away
Approved rendering: बीत गया
Transliteration: bīta gayā
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἀπέρχομαι (ἀπῆλθαν)
Category: Eschatology
The former created order’s decisive, historical termination (21:1,4). Must not read as one yuga passing into the next within an ongoing cycle.
The Unbelieving
Approved rendering: अविश्वासी
Transliteration: aviśvāsī
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἄπιστοι
Category: Faith
Those lacking the saving faith grounding the overcomer’s inheritance (21:8). Reuses विश्वास root; specific sense of lacking trust in Christ, not generic religious skepticism.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: मनुष्य के पुत्र के समान
Transliteration: manuṣya ke putra ke samāna
Doctrine: Deity and Eternal Sonship of Christ
Original: ὅμοιος υἱῷ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
Christ’s identity as the glorified, exalted, divine-yet-human figure of Daniel 7:13 (1:13). Kept distinct from परमेश्वर का पुत्र — emphasizes exalted humanity, not a lesser title.
Medium Risk Terms
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का राज्य
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā rājya
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर का राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Consummated when the kingdom of the world becomes the kingdom of the Lord and his Christ (11:15).
Church
Approved rendering: कलीसिया
Transliteration: kalīsiyā
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मंदिर, गिरजाघर
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The seven churches of Asia (chs.2-3), and by extension the whole covenant community; never मंदिर.
Sorcery
Approved rendering: जादू-टोना
Transliteration: jādū-ṭonā
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: φαρμακεία / φαρμακοί
Category: Sin
Inherited from Galatians package. Names a live occult practice in the Indian context (18:23; 21:8; 22:15); render descriptively, not sensationally.
Mystery
Approved rendering: भेद
Transliteration: bheda
Doctrine: Inspiration and Inviolability of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: रहस्य
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Revelation
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package. The seven stars (1:20), Babylon and the beast (17:5,7) — a now-revealed secret of God’s plan, not esoteric hidden knowledge.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: पहले फल
Transliteration: pahale phala
Doctrine: Holy Spirit Fullness and Personhood
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. The 144,000 as firstfruits, a pledge of the full future harvest of the redeemed (14:4). Guard against karma-fruit reading.
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Dāūda
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Proper name; BSI OV established form (key_of_david, 3:7; root_of_david-adjacent imagery, 5:5; 22:16).
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāela
Doctrine: Universal, Multinational Scope of the Redeemed
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the twelve-tribes background of the 144,000 (7:4-8) and israel_of_god-adjacent themes.
Tribulation
Approved rendering: क्लेश
Transliteration: kleśa
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance
θλῖψις — suffering endured for the faith (1:9; 2:9-10,22; 7:14). क्लेश is also Patanjali Yoga philosophy’s technical term for karmic root-afflictions; context must make clear this is persecution-suffering for Christ, never karmic affliction.
Synagogue Of Satan
Approved rendering: शैतान की सभा
Transliteration: śaitāna kī sabhā
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ἡ συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Church
A specific hostile group opposing the church in Smyrna/Philadelphia (2:9; 3:9). Handle with sensitivity to avoid an anti-Jewish reading; historically specific, local referent.
Living Creatures
Approved rendering: प्राणी
Transliteration: prāṇī
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: τὰ τέσσαρα ζῷα
Category: Worship
τὰ τέσσαρα ζῷα, four composite heavenly worship-leaders echoing Ezekiel 1/Isaiah 6 (ch.4). Avoid vahana/deity-mount iconography confusion (Garuda, Nandi).
Elders Twenty Four
Approved rendering: प्राचीन
Transliteration: prācīna
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: οἱ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Worship
Redeemed humanity’s representative worship-leadership before God’s throne (4:4; 5:8; 11:16). Symbolic number, not a literal census.
Incense Prayers Of Saints
Approved rendering: धूप
Transliteration: dhūpa
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession of the Saints
Original: θυμιάματα / αἱ προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Worship
The saints’ prayers depicted as incense rising before God’s throne (5:8; 8:3-4). Symbolic of prayer itself, not a ritual offering that obligates a deity to respond; distinguish from Hindu अगरबत्ती/धूप in पूजा.
Locusts
Approved rendering: टिड्डियाँ
Transliteration: ṭiḍḍiyāṇ
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀκρίδες
Category: Judgment
Demonic, tormenting agents unleashed from the abyss under God’s sovereign limit (9:3-5). Clarify the demonic (not literal-insect) identity via context/notes.
Woman Clothed With Sun
Approved rendering: सूर्य से वस्त्रधारी स्त्री
Transliteration: sūrya se vastradhārī strī
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον
Category: Symbolic
A symbolic figure representing faithful Israel/the messianic covenant community (12:1-6,13-17). Avoid any phrasing suggesting the woman is herself divine/a goddess-figure (Devi-worship collision risk).
Accuser
Approved rendering: अभियोगी
Transliteration: abhiyogī
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ὁ κατήγορος
Category: Sin
Satan’s role as prosecutor against believers, now overcome and silenced (12:10).
Six Six Six
Approved rendering: छ: सौ छाछठ
Transliteration: chha saua chāchaṭha
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ
Category: Symbolic
A symbolic/gematria number identifying the beast (13:18). Render literally; interpretive referent left open, never resolved in-text.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: हरमगिदोन
Transliteration: Harmagedona
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Symbolic
Symbolic place-name for the final gathering of hostile powers (16:16). Established transliteration; guard against pop-culture over-literalization as a specific modern battlefield.
Nations Will Walk By Its Light
Approved rendering: राष्ट्र उसकी ज्योति में चलेंगे
Transliteration: rāṣṭra uskī jyoti meṇ calenge
Doctrine: Universal, Multinational Scope of the Redeemed
Original: περιπατήσουσιν τὰ ἔθνη διὰ τοῦ φωτὸς αὐτῆς
Category: Church
God’s/the Lamb’s glory as the city’s only light source (21:24). ज्योति risks conflation with devotional lamp/ārtī imagery; keep God’s own glory in view.
River Of Water Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवन के जल की नदी
Transliteration: jīvana ke jala kī nadī
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ὁ ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
Eden-restored provision of divine life flowing from God’s throne, echoing Genesis 2:10; Ezekiel 47 (22:1). Keep consistent with 21:6’s spring imagery.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवन का वृक्ष
Transliteration: jīvana kā vṣka
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
Permanent restoration of access forbidden after the Fall (Genesis 2:9; 3:22-24), now unhindered (22:2,14,19).
The Sea
Approved rendering: समुद्र
Transliteration: samudra
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἡ θάλασσα
Category: Symbolic
Symbol throughout Revelation of primeval chaos and the beast’s origin, finally abolished (21:1; cf.13:1). Flag for native speaker review given समुद्र-मन्थन (cosmic-ocean-churning myth) associations; no safer synonym exists.
Wipe Away Every Tear
Approved rendering: हर एक आँसू पोंछ देगा
Transliteration: hara eka āṇsū poṇcha degā
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἐξαλείψει πᾶν δάκρυον
Category: Eschatology
God’s own tender, personal, comprehensive comfort of his people, echoing Isaiah 25:8 (21:4). Keep God as the grammatically clear personal subject.
Mourning Crying Pain
Approved rendering: शोक, चिल्लाहट, पीड़ा
Transliteration: śoka, cillāhaṭa, pīṛā
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: πένθος, κραυγή, πόνος
Category: Eschatology
The comprehensive undoing of the entire curse-complex from Genesis 3 (21:4). Retain the totalizing, threefold force.
The Cowardly
Approved rendering: डरपोक
Transliteration: ḍarapoka
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: δειλοί
Category: Sin
Those who abandon faithful witness out of fear of persecution (21:8). Keep the connection to apostasy-under-pressure explicit.
All Liars
Approved rendering: सब झूठे
Transliteration: saba jhūṭhe
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: πᾶσι τοῖς ψευδέσιν
Category: Sin
The direct antithesis of God’s ‘faithful and true’ words (21:8). Retain the deliberate contrast with सत्य (v.5).
Morning Star
Approved rendering: भोर का तारा
Transliteration: bhora kā tārā
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
Symbol of Christ himself given as a reward to the overcomer (2:28), self-identified again at 22:16.
Low Risk Terms
Amen
Approved rendering: आमीन
Transliteration: āmīna
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package. Liturgical affirmation closing doxological statements throughout the book (1:7; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:21).
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: हल्लेलूयाह
Transliteration: hallelūyāha
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship
Established Hebrew-loanword liturgical exclamation; heaven’s exuberant response to Babylon’s fall and God’s reign (19:1,3,4,6). No translation risk.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: तुरही
Transliteration: turahī
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Symbolic
Instrument signaling divinely-ordered, sequential judgment (chs.8-9). Established OT term.
Wormwood
Approved rendering: कड़वाहट / अप्सिन्थॉस
Transliteration: kaṛavāhaṭa / Apsinthos
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: Ἄψινθος
Category: Judgment
A judgment-name signifying bitterness on corrupted water sources (8:11). Translator’s choice: transliteration or meaning-translation, low risk either way.
Abaddon Apollyon
Approved rendering: अबद्दोन / अपुल्लयोन
Transliteration: Abaddona / Apullayona
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: Ἀβαδδὼν / Ἀπολλύων
Category: Judgment
Personal name of the abyss’s angelic king, meaning ‘Destroyer’ (9:11). Transliterated proper names with a विनाशक gloss.
Little Scroll
Approved rendering: छोटा लेखपत्र
Transliteration: choṭā lekhapatra
Doctrine: Inspiration and Inviolability of Scripture
Original: βιβλαρίδιον
Category: Symbolic
A distinct prophetic commissioning-document given to John, echoing Ezekiel’s scroll-eating vision (ch.10).
Merchants
Approved rendering: व्यापारी
Transliteration: vyāpārī
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: οἱ ἔμποροι
Category: Sin
Those economically entangled with Babylon’s corrupt system (18:11-17).
Armies Of Heaven
Approved rendering: स्वर्ग की सेनाएँ
Transliteration: svarga kī senāeṇ
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: τὰ στρατεύματα τὰ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ
Category: Sovereignty
Christ’s heavenly host accompanying his return in judgment (19:14).
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: गोग और मागोग
Transliteration: Goga aura Māgoga
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Proper names for the nations gathered in final rebellion (20:8). Transliterated; no Hindi semantic content, treated like Armageddon/Babylon.
Michael
Approved rendering: मीकाईल
Transliteration: Mīkāīla
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
The archangel leading heaven’s forces against the dragon (12:7). Established Hindi OT transliteration form (cf. Daniel 10,12).
Referenced passages