Semantic Analysis

Semantic Analysis — Galatians 1–6 (Koine Greek → Hindi)

Scope: Full-book analysis of Galatians, chapters 1–6, every chapter reviewed. The core passage (Galatians 2:15–21) receives verse-by-verse treatment as the theological anchor; every other chapter receives a load-bearing-term study. All Hindi renderings are in Devanagari, formal register matching BSI OV/NV conventions. Terms already recorded in the baseline Romans translation memory are reused exactly as recorded and marked [TM]. New terms are marked [NEW] and carry a proposed risk tier under the baseline risk framework.

Book citation convention: Galatians = गलातियों (BSI OV). Verse numbers remain Arabic numerals.

Book Overview

Galatians is Paul’s polemical defense of the one true gospel of justification by faith apart from works of the law, against Judaizing teachers demanding circumcision and Torah-observance of Gentile converts. Its argument runs: autobiographical defense of Paul’s apostleship and gospel (chs. 1–2), theological argument from Abraham, the promise, and the law’s purpose (chs. 3–4), and ethical outworking — freedom, Spirit versus flesh, fruit of the Spirit, burden-bearing (chs. 5–6).

Why Galatians is high-risk in the Hindi/Hindu-background context: Galatians’ central contrasts — grace versus works, promise versus law, Spirit versus flesh, freedom versus slavery, sowing versus reaping — map with dangerous ease onto karma–dharma–moksha categories. Three collisions dominate this curriculum:

Freedom (ἐλευθερία) ≠ मुक्ति/मोक्ष. Galatians 5:1 is the book’s banner verse. Rendering freedom with liberation vocabulary re-imports the very salvation-by-liberation cosmology the baseline forbids for σωτηρία.
Fruit (καρπός) and sowing/reaping (Gal 6:7–8) ≠ कर्म-फल. Galatians 5:22 and 6:7–8 use agricultural vocabulary that Hindi readers may hear as karma-fruit. The fruit is the Spirit’s produce, not accumulated merit; the harvest is accountability before a personal God, not an impersonal karmic law.
Works of the law (ἔργα νόμου) ≠ कर्म; law (νόμος) ≠ धर्म. Both prohibitions are already Critical/High in the baseline and are load-bearing in nearly every chapter of Galatians.

PART A — Core Passage: Galatians 2:15–21 (Verse-by-Verse)

This paragraph is the theological center of the curriculum: justification by faith, not works of the law; death to the law; co-crucifixion with Christ; the indwelling life of Christ; grace not nullified.

Galatians 2:15

Greek: Ἡμεῖς φύσει Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἐθνῶν ἁμαρτωλοί·

φύσει Ἰουδαῖοι

Original / transliteration: φύσει Ἰουδαῖοι / physei Ioudaioi
Literal meaning: “Jews by nature/birth”
Semantic range: φύσις = nature, birth-origin, innate condition
English variants: “Jews by birth,” “Jews by nature,” “born Jews”
Contextual theological meaning: Paul concedes Jewish covenantal privilege by birth — only to demolish it as a basis for justification (v. 16). Birth-status confers no standing before God.
Hindi rendering: जन्म से यहूदी [NEW – Low]
Rendering risk: Low as vocabulary, but the argument is High-relevance in India: birth-status (जन्म) conferring spiritual rank is precisely the caste logic Galatians dismantles. Translator note recommended; do not soften.

ἐξ ἐθνῶν ἁμαρτωλοί

Original / transliteration: ἐθνῶν / ethnōn; ἁμαρτωλοί / hamartōloi
Literal meaning: “sinners from among the Gentiles”
Semantic range: ἔθνη = nations, Gentiles; ἁμαρτωλός = sinner, one missing the mark
English variants: “Gentile sinners,” “sinners of the Gentiles”
Contextual theological meaning: Paul quotes the standard Jewish label ironically; v. 17 will show Jews are sinners too.
Hindi rendering: अन्यजाति [TM — gentiles]; पापी (from पाप [TM — sin])
Rendering risk: Medium/High per baseline entries. पाप must remain moral transgression before a personal God, not ritual impurity or bad karma.

Galatians 2:16

Greek: εἰδότες [δὲ] ὅτι οὐ δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ἐὰν μὴ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστεύσαμεν, ἵνα δικαιωθῶμεν ἐκ πίστεως Χριστοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, ὅτι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ.

This verse contains the densest theological load in the book. Three occurrences of δικαιόω, three of ἔργα νόμου, three faith-in-Christ constructions.

δικαιόω

Original / transliteration: δικαιοῦται / δικαιωθῶμεν / δικαιωθήσεται — dikaioō
Literal meaning: to declare righteous, pronounce in the right (forensic)
Semantic range: acquit, vindicate, declare just; in Paul, God’s courtroom verdict
English variants: “justified,” “declared righteous,” “counted righteous”
Contextual theological meaning: The forensic declaration of right standing before God on the basis of Christ’s work, received by faith — not moral transformation, not forgiveness alone, and never a merit-verdict.
Hindi rendering: धर्मी ठहराया जाना [TM — justification, Critical]
Rendering risk: Critical. Compound phrase mandatory; never abbreviated, never माफी पाना (mere pardon) or पुण्य प्राप्त करना (merit-acquisition, which would invert the verse into karma-soteriology). Every occurrence routes to human theologian review.

ἔργα νόμου

Original / transliteration: ἔργα νόμου / erga nomou
Literal meaning: “works of the law”
Semantic range: deeds prescribed by Torah — the whole Mosaic observance, with circumcision, food laws, and calendar as boundary markers in Galatians
English variants: “works of the law,” “observing the law,” “deeds of the law”
Contextual theological meaning: Torah-performance as a proposed basis of justification — categorically excluded.
Hindi rendering: व्यवस्था के काम [TM — works_of_the_law, High]; व्यवस्था [TM — law, High]
Rendering risk: High. NEVER कर्म for “works” (imports merit-accumulation cosmology); NEVER धर्म for “law” (imports dharma as cosmic duty). If either forbidden term appears, Galatians 2:16 reads as a statement about escaping karma through devotion — a total doctrinal inversion.

πίστις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ / εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστεύσαμεν

Original / transliteration: πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ / pisteōs Iēsou Christou; ἐπιστεύσαμεν / episteusamen
Literal meaning: “faith of/in Jesus Christ”; “we believed into Christ Jesus”
Semantic range: πίστις = trust, faith, reliance; the genitive is grammatically ambiguous (objective “faith in Christ” vs. subjective “faithfulness of Christ”)
English variants: “faith in Jesus Christ” (majority tradition), “the faithfulness of Jesus Christ”
Contextual theological meaning: The BSI OV tradition and this Language Package take the objective genitive: the believer’s trust directed at Christ. The parallel ἐπιστεύσαμεν εἰς (“we believed into”) anchors this reading within the verse itself.
Hindi rendering: यीशु मसीह पर विश्वास [TM — faith विश्वास, High; construction NEW – High]
Rendering risk: High. The object of faith must be explicit (पर विश्वास with named object) — never generalized devotion (श्रद्धा/आस्था rejected per baseline). Record the subjective-genitive alternative as alternatives_considered; do not use it in output.

πᾶσα σάρξ

Original / transliteration: πᾶσα σάρξ / pasa sarx
Literal meaning: “all flesh” (Semitic idiom: no human being)
Semantic range: σάρξ here = humanity as such, not the sinful nature of chs. 5–6
English variants: “no flesh,” “no one,” “no human being”
Contextual theological meaning: Universal negative — no human whatsoever is justified by works of the law. Universality must not be softened (baseline validation rule).
Hindi rendering: कोई प्राणी नहीं / कोई मनुष्य नहीं (idiomatic universal negative); where σάρξ is the technical sarx-term elsewhere, शरीर [TM — flesh, High]
Rendering risk: High for the σάρξ system as a whole; here the idiom sense governs — flag for context-sense disambiguation (see ch. 5 entry).

Galatians 2:17

Greek: εἰ δὲ ζητοῦντες δικαιωθῆναι ἐν Χριστῷ εὑρέθημεν καὶ αὐτοὶ ἁμαρτωλοί, ἆρα Χριστὸς ἁμαρτίας διάκονος; μὴ γένοιτο.

ἐν Χριστῷ

Original / transliteration: ἐν Χριστῷ / en Christō
Literal meaning: “in Christ”
Semantic range: locative/union formula — incorporation into Christ
English variants: “in Christ,” “in union with Christ”
Contextual theological meaning: Justification is found in union with Christ, not in Torah-space. Ties to the baseline doctrine “Christian Identity in Christ” (High).
Hindi rendering: मसीह में [TM-consistent; मसीह per TM — messiah, Critical]
Rendering risk: High (union formula must stay locative and personal, not mystical absorption into the divine as in advaitic union).

ἁμαρτίας διάκονος

Original / transliteration: ἁμαρτίας διάκονος / hamartias diakonos
Literal meaning: “servant/minister of sin”
Semantic range: διάκονος = servant, agent, minister
English variants: “servant of sin,” “minister of sin,” “promoter of sin”
Contextual theological meaning: The Judaizers’ charge — that grace-justification makes Christ an agent of sin — indignantly rejected.
Hindi rendering: पाप का सेवक [NEW – Medium] (सेवक consistent with TM deacon entry’s masculine form)
Rendering risk: Medium; keep the rhetorical-question form intact.

μὴ γένοιτο

Original / transliteration: μὴ γένοιτο / mē genoito
Literal meaning: “may it never be!”
Semantic range: strongest Greek negation of a proposition
English variants: “Certainly not!” “By no means!” “God forbid!”
Contextual theological meaning: Absolute repudiation; must carry full force.
Hindi rendering: कदापि नहीं [NEW – Low] (BSI OV form; identical usage in Romans)
Rendering risk: Low — but never weaken to a mild “नहीं.”

Galatians 2:18

Greek: εἰ γὰρ ἃ κατέλυσα ταῦτα πάλιν οἰκοδομῶ, παραβάτην ἐμαυτὸν συνιστάνω.

παραβάτης

Original / transliteration: παραβάτην / parabatēn
Literal meaning: transgressor, one who steps across a boundary
Semantic range: law-breaker, violator
English variants: “transgressor,” “lawbreaker”
Contextual theological meaning: Rebuilding the law-system (as Peter’s withdrawal did) proves one a transgressor; the argument is against reverting to Torah-boundary religion.
Hindi rendering: अपराधी [NEW – Medium]
Rendering risk: Medium — अपराधी must read as covenant/law transgressor before God, not merely a civil criminal; context supplies व्यवस्था.

καταλύω / οἰκοδομέω

Original / transliteration: κατέλυσα / katelysa; οἰκοδομῶ / oikodomō
Literal meaning: “tear down / build up”
English variants: “destroy/rebuild”
Contextual theological meaning: The law-as-justification system, torn down in Christ, must not be rebuilt.
Hindi rendering: ढा देना / फिर बनाना [NEW – Low]
Rendering risk: Low.

Galatians 2:19

Greek: ἐγὼ γὰρ διὰ νόμου νόμῳ ἀπέθανον, ἵνα θεῷ ζήσω.

νόμῳ ἀπέθανον

Original / transliteration: νόμῳ ἀπέθανον / nomō apethanon
Literal meaning: “I died to the law”
Semantic range: dative of reference — death with respect to the law’s jurisdiction
English variants: “died to the law”
Contextual theological meaning: Through the law’s own verdict executed on Christ, the believer has died to the law’s claim as a way of standing before God — in order to live to God. Not antinomianism; a jurisdiction transfer.
Hindi rendering: व्यवस्था के लिये मर गया [TM व्यवस्था; construction NEW – High]
Rendering risk: High. Two hazards: (a) धर्म must never intrude for νόμος — “dying to dharma” would read as renouncing religious duty altogether, i.e., sannyasa; (b) the purpose clause ताकि परमेश्वर के लिये जीऊँ must stay attached, or the verse reads as world-renunciation rather than reoriented life. Baseline doctrine “Separation unto God’s Service” (High) applies: devotion within the world, not asceticism.

Galatians 2:20

Greek: Χριστῷ συνεσταύρωμαι· ζῶ δὲ οὐκέτι ἐγώ, ζῇ δὲ ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός· ὃ δὲ νῦν ζῶ ἐν σαρκί, ἐν πίστει ζῶ τῇ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντός με καὶ παραδόντος ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ.

συνεσταύρωμαι

Original / transliteration: συνεσταύρωμαι / synestaurōmai
Literal meaning: “I have been crucified together with” (perfect passive — completed act with abiding result)
Semantic range: co-crucifixion; union with Christ in his death
English variants: “I have been crucified with Christ,” “I am crucified with Christ”
Contextual theological meaning: The believer’s decisive, once-for-all participation in Christ’s death, with permanent standing result — the ground of the new life. Curriculum doctrine “Crucified with Christ.”
Hindi rendering: मैं मसीह के साथ क्रूस पर चढ़ाया गया हूँ [NEW – Critical; क्रूस per TM — cross, Medium]
Rendering risk: Critical. (a) The perfect tense’s abiding result must be preserved (चढ़ाया गया हूँ, not a simple past) or the once-for-all union collapses into a repeatable spiritual exercise; (b) must never drift toward self-mortification/tapasya vocabulary — this is something done to the believer in union with Christ, not an ascetic achievement; (c) पुनर्जन्म-adjacent “old self dies, new self is born again into another life” phrasing is forbidden — the resurrection-life framing follows the baseline पुनरुत्थान/नया जन्म rules.

ζῶ δὲ οὐκέτι ἐγώ, ζῇ δὲ ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός

Original / transliteration: zō de ouketi egō, zē de en emoi Christos
Literal meaning: “and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me”
Semantic range: exchanged life; indwelling of Christ
English variants: “it is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me”
Contextual theological meaning: The indwelling Christ is a distinct personal Lord living in the believer — NOT the dissolution of the self into the divine.
Hindi rendering: अब मैं जीवित नहीं, परन्तु मसीह मुझ में जीवित है [NEW – Critical]
Rendering risk: Critical. This sentence is maximally vulnerable to an advaitic reading (“the ego dissolves; the divine Self alone remains” — अहं-नाश, आत्मा=परमात्मा). The Hindi must keep two distinct persons: Christ (personal, named) living in the believer (who remains a real “I” — “the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith”). Theologian review mandatory; a translator note distinguishing indwelling from absorption is required.

ἐν πίστει ζῶ τῇ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ

Original / transliteration: en pistei zō tē tou huiou tou theou
Literal meaning: “I live by faith — the faith in the Son of God”
English variants: “I live by faith in the Son of God”
Contextual theological meaning: Ongoing life sustained by trust in a specific person — the Son of God.
Hindi rendering: परमेश्वर के पुत्र पर विश्वास से जीवित हूँ [TM — son_of_god परमेश्वर का पुत्र, Critical; faith विश्वास, High]
Rendering risk: Critical via the Son of God title: full phrase required; never “godly man,” “divine person,” or ईश्वर का अंश (a portion of the divine).

τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντός με καὶ παραδόντος ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ

Original / transliteration: tou agapēsantos me kai paradontos heauton hyper emou
Literal meaning: “who loved me and handed himself over for me”
Semantic range: παραδίδωμι = hand over, deliver up (sacrificial self-giving); ὑπέρ + genitive = on behalf of, in the place of
English variants: “who loved me and gave himself for me”
Contextual theological meaning: Personal, substitutionary self-giving of Christ — the atonement individualized (“me,” “for me”).
Hindi rendering: जिसने मुझ से प्रेम किया और मेरे लिये अपने आप को दे दिया [NEW – High]
Rendering risk: High. ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ (मेरे लिये) must carry substitution, not mere benefaction; and the self-giving must not be assimilated to बलि/यज्ञ ritual-offering vocabulary (baseline living_sacrifice rule) — Christ gives himself, once for all.

Galatians 2:21

Greek: οὐκ ἀθετῶ τὴν χάριν τοῦ θεοῦ· εἰ γὰρ διὰ νόμου δικαιοσύνη, ἄρα Χριστὸς δωρεὰν ἀπέθανεν.

ἀθετῶ τὴν χάριν

Original / transliteration: ἀθετῶ / athetō; χάρις / charis
Literal meaning: “I do not set aside/nullify the grace of God”
Semantic range: ἀθετέω = annul, invalidate, treat as void
English variants: “nullify,” “set aside,” “frustrate the grace of God”
Contextual theological meaning: Reverting to law-justification voids grace itself.
Hindi rendering: मैं परमेश्वर के अनुग्रह को व्यर्थ नहीं ठहराता [TM — grace अनुग्रह, High; construction NEW – High]
Rendering risk: High. अनुग्रह mandatory (never कृपा here — this is the grace-vs-merit context); the grace/works antithesis triggers automatic theologian review per baseline escalation rules.

διὰ νόμου δικαιοσύνη

Original / transliteration: dia nomou dikaiosynē
Literal meaning: “if righteousness [comes] through the law”
Contextual theological meaning: The counterfactual that makes Christ’s death pointless.
Hindi rendering: यदि धार्मिकता व्यवस्था के द्वारा मिलती [TM — righteousness धार्मिकता, Critical; law व्यवस्था, High]
Rendering risk: Critical. धर्म absolutely forbidden for either term; the sentence would then assert “dharma comes through dharma.”

δωρεὰν ἀπέθανεν

Original / transliteration: δωρεάν / dōrean
Literal meaning: “died for nothing / without cause”
Semantic range: δωρεάν = freely, gratis; here “in vain, to no purpose”
English variants: “died for nothing,” “died in vain,” “died needlessly”
Contextual theological meaning: The reductio: law-righteousness empties the cross.
Hindi rendering: मसीह का मरना व्यर्थ हुआ [NEW – Medium]
Rendering risk: Medium; keep the full rhetorical force of व्यर्थ (in vain).

PART B — Chapter-by-Chapter Study (Whole Book)

Chapter 1 — The One Gospel and Paul’s Apostleship (गलातियों 1)

Reviewed in full (vv. 1–24). Load-bearing terms:

εὐαγγέλιον / ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον (1:6–9)

Transliteration: euangelion / heteron euangelion
Literal: “good news” / “a different gospel — which is not another (ἄλλο)”
Semantic range: authoritative proclamation; ἕτερος = different in kind vs. ἄλλος = another of the same kind — Paul denies the counterfeit is a gospel at all
English variants: “gospel”; “different gospel,” “another gospel”
Contextual meaning: The curriculum doctrine “The True Gospel versus False Gospels” hangs on the ἕτερος/ἄλλος distinction.
Hindi: सुसमाचार [TM — gospel, High]; दूसरा सुसमाचार — जो वास्तव में सुसमाचार है ही नहीं [NEW – Critical]
Risk: Critical for the counterfeit-gospel construction: in a religious environment where many paths are treated as equally valid proclamations, the Hindi must state flatly that the “different gospel” is no gospel (परन्तु वह दूसरा सुसमाचार है ही नहीं), not a lesser variant among acceptable alternatives. Softening here destroys the book’s thesis.

ἀνάθεμα (1:8, 9)

Transliteration: anathema
Literal: devoted to destruction; accursed by God
Semantic range: placed under God’s judicial curse
English variants: “accursed,” “let him be anathema,” “eternally condemned”
Contextual meaning: God’s own judicial sentence on gospel-distorters — even an angel.
Hindi: शापित हो [NEW – High]
Risk: High. In popular Hindu usage a श्राप is a potent curse pronounced by a sage or deity as personal retaliation, ritually transferable and sometimes remediable by rites. ἀνάθεμα is God’s judicial verdict, not curse-magic. Translator note required distinguishing judicial condemnation from ritual curse; never suggest counter-rituals or curse-removal.

ἀποκάλυψις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ (1:12, 16)

Transliteration: apokalypsis
Literal: unveiling, revelation
Semantic range: God’s disclosure of what was hidden
English variants: “revelation”
Contextual meaning: Paul’s gospel came by direct divine revelation, not human transmission — grounding “Paul’s Apostleship.”
Hindi: यीशु मसीह के प्रकाशन के द्वारा [NEW – Medium]
Risk: Medium — प्रकाशन must read as God’s objective self-disclosure, not a mystical experience attained by the seer (as दर्शन/साक्षात्कार would imply). Avoid दर्शन (darshan — devotional sight of a deity).

ἀπόστολος οὐκ ἀπ᾿ ἀνθρώπων (1:1)

Hindi: प्रेरित [TM — apostle, Medium] — “न मनुष्यों की ओर से, न मनुष्य के द्वारा”
Risk: Medium per baseline: guard against guru/spiritual-teacher reduction; 1:1 makes the divine commissioning explicit — preserve the double negation.

Ἰουδαϊσμός / πατρικαὶ παραδόσεις (1:13–14)

Transliteration: Ioudaismos / patrikai paradoseis
Literal: “Judaism” / “ancestral traditions”
Hindi: यहूदी मत [NEW – Low]; बापदादों की परम्पराएँ [NEW – Low]
Risk: Low; ancestral-tradition zeal resonates naturally with Indian readers — keep descriptive, not pejorative.

ζηλωτής (1:14)

Hindi: उत्साही (from उत्साह [TM — zeal, Medium])
Risk: Medium — sincere religious energy that cannot save (parallel to Romans 10:2).

ὁ ἀφορίσας με ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός… καὶ καλέσας διὰ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ (1:15)

Transliteration: aphorisas… kalesas
Literal: “who set me apart from my mother’s womb and called me through his grace”
Hindi: पृथक किया… अपने अनुग्रह से बुलाया [TM — called बुलाए हुए / calling बुलाहट, High; grace अनुग्रह, High; "set apart" per baseline doctrine पृथक]
Risk: High — sovereign calling, not karma-destiny or self-initiated seeking; “set apart” must not read as sannyasa (baseline “Separation unto God’s Service”).

ἐκκλησία (1:2, 13, 22)

Hindi: कलीसिया [TM — church, Medium] (never मंदिर).

Proper names (BSI forms): पौलुस (Paul), पतरस/कैफा (Peter/Cephas, 1:18), याकूब (James), यरूशलेम (Jerusalem), अरब (Arabia), दमिश्क (Damascus), किलिकिया (Cilicia), सीरिया (Syria), गलातिया (Galatia).

Chapter 2 — Gospel Defended at Jerusalem and Antioch (गलातियों 2; vv. 15–21 treated in Part A)

Reviewed in full (vv. 1–14 here). Load-bearing terms:

ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου (2:5, 14)

Transliteration: hē alētheia tou euangeliou
Literal: “the truth of the gospel”
English variants: “the truth of the gospel”
Contextual meaning: The objective, non-negotiable content of the gospel, worth resisting apostles and angels to preserve.
Hindi: सुसमाचार की सच्चाई [NEW – High]
Risk: High. Exclusive truth-claims are culturally contested in pluralist India; the phrase must assert objective truth (सच्चाई/सत्य), not one perspective among many. Do not soften to “message” or “teaching.”

ψευδάδελφοι (2:4)

Transliteration: pseudadelphoi — “false brothers”
Hindi: झूठे भाई [NEW – Low]
Risk: Low.

κατασκοπέω τὴν ἐλευθερίαν… καταδουλόω (2:4)

Transliteration: eleutheria / katadouloō — “to spy out our freedom… to enslave us”
Contextual meaning: First occurrence of the freedom/slavery axis that dominates chs. 4–5.
Hindi: स्वतंत्रता… दास बनाना [NEW – Critical; see ch. 5 for full freedom entry]
Risk: Critical (see ἐλευθερία, ch. 5): never मुक्ति/मोक्ष.

πρόσωπον ὁ θεὸς ἀνθρώπου οὐ λαμβάνει (2:6)

Literal: “God does not receive the face of man” — shows no partiality
Hindi: परमेश्वर किसी का पक्षपात नहीं करता [NEW – Medium]
Risk: Medium as vocabulary, High in application — divine impartiality directly confronts caste-based status; retain unqualified (baseline “Universal Scope” rule).

δεξιὰς ἔδωκαν κοινωνίας (2:9)

Literal: “gave the right hand of fellowship”
Hindi: संगति का दाहिना हाथ दिया [TM — fellowship संगति, Low]
Risk: Low; keep the gesture literal with the TM noun.

περιτομή / ἀκροβυστία (2:7–9, 12)

Transliteration: peritomē / akrobystia — “circumcision / uncircumcision” (metonyms for Jews/Gentiles)
Hindi: खतना [TM — circumcision, Medium]; खतनारहित लोग [NEW – Low]
Risk: Medium per TM; the metonymic use (“the circumcision” = Jewish people) needs natural Hindi phrasing (खतना किए हुए लोग).

ὑπόκρισις / συνυπεκρίθησαν (2:13)

Transliteration: hypokrisis
Literal: play-acting, hypocrisy — Peter’s and Barnabas’s table-withdrawal
Hindi: कपट [NEW – Medium]
Risk: Medium. Table-fellowship separation is the incident; its force lands directly on commensality/caste-based eating separation in the Indian context. Do not blunt the confrontation (2:11 “मैंने उसके मुँह पर उसका सामना किया”).

ὀρθοποδέω πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου (2:14)

Literal: “walk straight in line with the truth of the gospel”
Hindi: सुसमाचार की सच्चाई के अनुसार सीधी चाल नहीं चलते [NEW – Low]
Risk: Low; idiom — translate meaning, not the foot-metaphor literally.

Chapter 3 — Abraham, the Promise, the Curse, and the Law’s Purpose (गलातियों 3)

Reviewed in full (vv. 1–29). Load-bearing terms:

ἐβάσκανεν (3:1)

Transliteration: ebaskanen — “who has bewitched you?”
Semantic range: βασκαίνω = bewitch, cast the evil eye
Hindi: किसने तुम्हें मोह लिया / मोहित कर दिया [NEW – Medium]
Risk: Medium. The evil-eye (नज़र लगाना) is a live folk-belief in India; a literal evil-eye rendering would affirm the folk practice. BSI OV’s मोह लिया (beguiled) is rhetorical, not occult-affirming — retain it.

ἐξ ἀκοῆς πίστεως (3:2, 5)

Literal: “by the hearing of faith”
English variants: “by hearing with faith,” “by believing what you heard”
Hindi: विश्वास के समाचार को सुनकर [TM विश्वास; construction NEW – High]
Risk: High — the Spirit is received by believing hearing, not by ritual performance; the works/faith antithesis of 3:2 triggers theologian review.

ἐναρξάμενοι πνεύματι νῦν σαρκὶ ἐπιτελεῖσθε; (3:3)

Literal: “having begun by the Spirit, are you now being perfected by the flesh?”
Hindi: आत्मा से आरम्भ करके अब शरीर से पूर्ण होना चाहते हो? [TM — holy_spirit पवित्र आत्मा, Critical; flesh शरीर, High]
Risk: High. “Perfected by the flesh” must not read as bodily discipline critique alone — σάρξ here is self-effort religion. The Spirit/flesh antithesis must never map onto spirit-good/body-evil dualism (see ch. 5).

ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην (3:6, citing Gen 15:6)

Literal: “it was counted to him for righteousness”
Hindi: उसके लिये धार्मिकता गिनी गई [TM — imputed_righteousness आरोपित धार्मिकता, Critical]
Risk: Critical. Credited, not earned (अर्जित rejected per TM). Identical to Romans 4:3; renderings must match the Romans curriculum verbatim where the same citation occurs.

οἱ ἐκ πίστεως… υἱοὶ Ἀβραάμ (3:7, 9)

Literal: “those of faith are sons of Abraham”
Hindi: जो विश्वास करनेवाले हैं, वे ही अब्राहम की सन्तान हैं [TM विश्वास; अब्राहम per baseline transliteration table]
Risk: High — spiritual descent by faith, not birth-lineage; anti-caste-logic force as in 2:15.

ἐπαγγελία (3:14, 16–22, 29; pervasive in chs. 3–4)

Transliteration: epangelia
Literal: promise
Semantic range: God’s covenant pledge, unilateral and unconditional
English variants: “promise”
Contextual meaning: The Abrahamic promise precedes and outranks the law (430 years, 3:17); inheritance is by promise, not law. Curriculum doctrine “The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise.”
Hindi: प्रतिज्ञा [NEW – High]
Risk: High. Never वरदान (boon granted by a deity in response to austerities/devotion — merit-conditioned, per the TM spiritual_gifts caution) and never वचन alone where ambiguity with mere “word” arises. प्रतिज्ञा = God’s own initiated, guaranteed pledge.

εὐλογία (3:8–9, 14)

Transliteration: eulogia — blessing (of Abraham, reaching the Gentiles)
Hindi: आशीष [NEW – Medium]
Risk: Medium — आशीष (established Christian usage) rather than आशीर्वाद, which strongly connotes a blessing bestowed by elders/gurus/deities as reciprocal favor.

κατάρα / ἐπικατάρατος (3:10, 13)

Transliteration: katara / epikataratos
Literal: curse / “cursed [is everyone who…]”
Semantic range: the law’s judicial curse-sanction (Deut 27:26; 21:23)
English variants: “curse,” “cursed”
Contextual meaning: 3:13 — “Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, becoming a curse for us” — substitutionary curse-bearing.
Hindi: श्राप / श्रापित [NEW – High]; “मसीह ने… हमारे लिये श्रापित बनकर हमें व्यवस्था के श्राप से छुड़ाया”
Risk: High. Same collision as ἀνάθεμα (1:8): श्राप popularly = transferable ritual curse. Here the danger doubles because Christ becomes the curse — this must read as judicial substitution under God’s law-verdict, not curse-transference magic. Theologian review every occurrence.

ἐξηγόρασεν (3:13; 4:5)

Transliteration: exēgorasen — “bought out, redeemed (from the marketplace)”
Hindi: छुड़ाया / छुटकारा [TM — redemption छुटकारा, High]
Risk: High per TM: deliverance secured at a price; NEVER मुक्ति/मोक्ष.

σπέρμα (3:16, 19, 29)

Transliteration: sperma
Literal: seed
Semantic range: offspring, descendant(s); Paul’s argument turns on the grammatical singular — “and to your seed, who is Christ”
English variants: “seed,” “offspring”
Hindi: वंश [TM-consistent with seed_of_david दाऊद के वंश से, High]
Risk: High. The singular/plural argument (3:16: “वंशों” नहीं, परन्तु “तेरे वंश” — एक के विषय में, अर्थात् मसीह) must survive translation; if Hindi pluralizes naturally, the verse’s logic dies. Flag for native speaker + theologian review.

διαθήκη (3:15, 17)

Hindi: वाचा [TM — covenant, High] — human-testament analogy (3:15) then God’s ratified covenant (3:17); never अनुबंध/समझौता.

μεσίτης (3:19–20)

Transliteration: mesitēs — mediator (Moses at Sinai)
Hindi: मध्यस्थ [TM-consistent with intercession मध्यस्थता, Medium]
Risk: Medium; distinguish the law’s mediated giving from the promise’s direct divine gift.

ὁ νόμος παιδαγωγὸς ἡμῶν γέγονεν εἰς Χριστόν (3:24–25)

Transliteration: paidagōgos
Literal: the household slave-guardian who supervised a child until maturity — custodial, temporary
English variants: “guardian,” “tutor,” “schoolmaster,” “custodian”
Contextual meaning: The law’s purpose: temporary custodian until Christ — curriculum doctrine “The Law’s Purpose.” Not a permanent teacher; the office expires (“we are no longer under the paidagōgos”).
Hindi: व्यवस्था मसीह तक पहुँचाने के लिये हमारी शिक्षक हुई [NEW – High] (BSI OV form शिक्षक retained)
Risk: High. शिक्षक alone risks the guru-model: a revered permanent teacher one never outgrows. The temporary, custodial, until-Christ framing (v. 25: अब हम शिक्षक के अधीन नहीं रहे) is doctrinally load-bearing and must be explicit; gloss on first use.

ὑπὸ ἁμαρτίαν συνέκλεισεν ἡ γραφή (3:22–23)

Literal: “Scripture imprisoned all things under sin”
Hindi: पवित्रशास्त्र ने सब को पाप के अधीन बन्द कर दिया [TM — sin पाप, High]
Risk: High — universal confinement under sin; universality never softened.

ἐβαπτίσθητε… Χριστὸν ἐνεδύσασθε (3:27)

Literal: “baptized into Christ… you have put on Christ”
Hindi: बपतिस्मा लिया… मसीह को पहिन लिया [TM — baptism बपतिस्मा, Medium]
Risk: Medium; never ritual-bathing (स्नान) or initiation (दीक्षा) vocabulary per TM.

οὐκ ἔνι Ἰουδαῖος οὐδὲ Ἕλλην… πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς εἷς ἐστε ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ (3:28)

Literal: “there is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female; you are all one in Christ Jesus”
Hindi: अब न कोई यहूदी रहा और न यूनानी… तुम सब मसीह यीशु में एक हो [NEW construction – High; अन्यजाति system per TM]
Risk: High. The apex anti-hierarchy text: in the Indian context it directly confronts caste, class, and gender spiritual stratification (baseline doctrines “Universal Scope,” “Unity of Jews and Gentiles”). Retain all three pairs unqualified; theologian review.

κληρονόμοι (3:29)

Transliteration: klēronomoi — heirs (according to promise)
Hindi: वारिस [NEW – Medium] (see 4:1–7)
Risk: Medium — full legal inheritance, linking forward to adoption.

Chapter 4 — Adoption, Abba, and the Two Covenants (गलातियों 4)

Reviewed in full (vv. 1–31). Load-bearing terms:

κληρονόμος / νήπιος / ἐπίτροποι καὶ οἰκονόμοι (4:1–2)

Literal: “the heir, while a minor… under guardians and stewards”
Hindi: वारिस [NEW – Medium]; बालक; रक्षकों और भण्डारियों के अधीन [NEW – Low]
Risk: Medium for वारिस — inheritance is by grace-promise, never merit-earned.

τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου (4:3, 9)

Transliteration: ta stoicheia tou kosmou
Literal: the elemental things/principles of the world
Semantic range: rudimentary religious principles; possibly elemental spirits/cosmic powers
English variants: “elementary principles,” “elemental spirits,” “basic principles of the world”
Contextual meaning: The enslaving pre-Christ religious systems — Jewish law-observance and pagan religion alike (4:9–10 links them).
Hindi: संसार की आदि शिक्षा [NEW – Medium] (BSI OV form)
Risk: Medium. In application this includes ritual calendars, observances, and appeasement systems (4:10 “तुम दिनों और महीनों और नियत समयों और वर्षों को मानते हो” — directly parallel to muhurta/festival-obligation religion). Handle pastorally; do not soften “weak and worthless” (निर्बल और निकम्मी, 4:9).

τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου… ἐξαπέστειλεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός (4:4)

Literal: “the fullness of time… God sent forth his Son, born of a woman, born under the law”
Contextual meaning: The incarnation and the sending of the pre-existent Son — linear salvation-history reaching its appointed fullness.
Hindi: समय की पूर्ति… परमेश्वर ने अपने पुत्र को भेजा, जो स्त्री से जन्मा [TM — son_of_god (system), Critical; incarnation देहधारण, Critical]
Risk: Critical. (a) NEVER अवतार for the sending/becoming — देहधारण governs all incarnation references; the Son is sent once, permanently assuming real human nature, not descending temporarily as one of many avatars; (b) “fullness of time” = linear fulfillment, not a yuga-cycle turn; (c) “born under the law” (व्यवस्था के अधीन उत्पन्न) keeps व्यवस्था, never धर्म. Theologian review mandatory.

υἱοθεσία (4:5)

Transliteration: huiothesia
Literal: placement as son
Semantic range: adoption to full legal sonship with inheritance rights
English variants: “adoption,” “adoption as sons”
Hindi: दत्तक-पुत्रता [TM — adoption, High]
Risk: High per TM: full son-status; guard against reduced-status readings of adopted children (गोद लेना rejected). Note: adopted children receive full inheritance rights (4:7 “यदि पुत्र है तो परमेश्वर के द्वारा वारिस भी है”).

Αββα ὁ πατήρ (4:6)

Transliteration: Abba ho patēr
Hindi: हे अब्बा, हे पिता [TM — abba अब्बा, High; father पिता, Critical]
Risk: High/Critical per TM: preserve the transliteration अब्बा for filial intimacy; पिता = personal Father, never a creator-deity name; the Spirit of the Son crying in believers’ hearts must remain the personal पवित्र आत्मा.

δουλεία / δοῦλος (4:1, 3, 7–9, 24–25; 5:1)

Transliteration: douleia / doulos — slavery / slave
English variants: “slavery,” “bondage”
Hindi: दासत्व / दास [NEW – Medium]
Risk: Medium. The slavery/sonship contrast structures chs. 4–5; keep दास/दासत्व consistent so the antithesis with वारिस/पुत्र and स्वतंत्रता stays audible.

γνόντες θεόν, μᾶλλον δὲ γνωσθέντες ὑπὸ θεοῦ (4:9)

Literal: “having known God — rather, having been known by God”
Hindi: परमेश्वर को जान लिया — वरन् परमेश्वर ने तुम्हें जान लिया [TM-consistent with foreknowledge पहले से जानना, High]
Risk: High — divine initiative in relational knowing; not attainment of jñāna (knowledge as liberating realization). The corrective “rather, known BY God” is load-bearing.

ἀλληγορούμενα — Hagar and Sarah (4:21–31)

Transliteration: allēgoroumena
Literal: “spoken allegorically” — two women, two covenants: Sinai bearing children for slavery; the Jerusalem above, free, our mother
English variants: “allegory,” “figurative,” “may be taken figuratively”
Hindi: इन बातों में दृष्टान्त है [NEW – Medium]; proper names: हाजिरा (Hagar), सारा (Sarah), इसहाक (Isaac), सीनै (Sinai), यरूशलेम (Jerusalem)
Risk: Medium. दृष्टान्त (figure/parable) is the BSI form; avoid frameworks suggesting Scripture is generally esoteric allegory (guarding the baseline “Inspiration of Scripture” doctrine). The two-covenant contrast (दो वाचाएँ, वाचा per TM) and slave/free line (4:31: हम दासी के नहीं परन्तु स्वतंत्र स्त्री की सन्तान हैं) route to theologian review.

κατὰ σάρκα / κατ᾿ ἐπαγγελίαν — δι᾿ ἐπαγγελίας (4:23, 28–29)

Literal: “born according to flesh” vs. “through promise / according to the Spirit”
Hindi: शरीर के अनुसार [TM — flesh शरीर, High] / प्रतिज्ञा के द्वारा [NEW प्रतिज्ञा – High]
Risk: High — the flesh/promise antithesis previews the ch. 5 flesh/Spirit antithesis.

Chapter 5 — Freedom, Flesh versus Spirit, Fruit of the Spirit (गलातियों 5)

Reviewed in full (vv. 1–26). Load-bearing terms:

ἐλευθερία / ἠλευθέρωσεν (5:1, 13; 2:4; 4:26, 31)

Transliteration: eleutheria / ēleutherōsen
Literal: “For freedom Christ has set us free”
Semantic range: liberation from slavery — here, from the law-as-justification system and from sin’s dominion; freedom for love-service (5:13)
English variants: “freedom,” “liberty”
Contextual meaning: Curriculum doctrine “Freedom in Christ.” Freedom is relational standing before God in Christ, exercised in the world through love — explicitly NOT license (5:13) and NOT escape from embodied existence.
Hindi: स्वतंत्रता / स्वतंत्र किया — “मसीह ने स्वतंत्रता के लिये हमें स्वतंत्र किया है; इसलिये इसमें स्थिर रहो, और दासत्व के जूए में फिर से न जुतो” (5:1) [NEW – Critical]
Risk: Critical. This is the single highest-stakes new term of the Galatians curriculum. मुक्ति and मोक्ष are absolutely forbidden (extending the baseline salvation rule): they would recast Freedom in Christ as moksha — liberation from samsara/embodiment achieved through spiritual attainment. Biblical freedom is (a) given by Christ, not attained; (b) freedom from law-condemnation and sin’s power, not from the body or the world; (c) directed into love-service of neighbor (5:13 — “प्रेम से एक दूसरे के दास बनो” — the freedom/slave paradox must be preserved). Every occurrence routes to human theologian review.

ζυγῷ δουλείας (5:1)

Literal: “yoke of slavery”
Hindi: दासत्व का जूआ [NEW – Medium]
Risk: Medium; the yoke metaphor is naturally intelligible; keep it concrete.

κατηργήθητε ἀπὸ Χριστοῦ… τῆς χάριτος ἐξεπέσατε (5:4)

Literal: “you are severed from Christ, you who would be justified by the law; you have fallen from grace”
Hindi: जो व्यवस्था के द्वारा धर्मी ठहराया जाना चाहते हो, तुम मसीह से अलग हो गए, अनुग्रह से गिर गए [TM — justification, Critical; grace अनुग्रह, High; law व्यवस्था, High]
Risk: Critical — full grace/works antithesis; TM compounds enforced verbatim; theologian review.

πίστις δι᾿ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη (5:6)

Transliteration: pistis di’ agapēs energoumenē
Literal: “faith working through love”
English variants: “faith expressing itself through love,” “faith working through love”
Contextual meaning: Curriculum doctrine “Faith Working through Love”: neither circumcision nor uncircumcision counts — only faith that is operative through love. Love is faith’s fruit and mode, never faith’s meritorious supplement.
Hindi: विश्वास जो प्रेम के द्वारा कार्य करता है [TM विश्वास; construction NEW – High]
Risk: High. The rendering must not allow “love-works” to become a new merit-condition (which would re-import karma through the back door). Word order and phrasing must keep विश्वास the operative subject.

τὸ σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ (5:11)

Literal: “the offense/stumbling-block of the cross”
Hindi: क्रूस की ठोकर [TM — cross क्रूस, Medium; ठोकर per TM stumbling_stone pattern]
Risk: Medium; the offense must remain an offense — do not soften.

σάρξ vs. πνεῦμα (5:13, 16–25)

Transliteration: sarx / pneuma
Literal: flesh / Spirit
Semantic range: σάρξ (technical): the sinful nature, self-reliant fallen humanity — NOT the physical body as such; πνεῦμα: the Holy Spirit
English variants: “flesh/sinful nature” vs. “Spirit”
Contextual meaning: Curriculum doctrine “Flesh versus Spirit.” The believer walks by the Spirit and does not gratify the flesh; the two are at war (5:17).
Hindi: शरीर [TM — flesh, High] vs. पवित्र आत्मा / आत्मा [TM — holy_spirit, Critical]; sinful-desire contexts use the full phrase शरीर की अभिलाषाएँ per TM adjudication
Risk: High/Critical. Two failure modes: (a) reading शरीर as the physical body would turn the passage into body-negation/asceticism — congenial to Hindu-ascetic assumptions but false to Paul; (b) आत्मा must remain the personal Holy Spirit, never ब्रह्म/परमात्मा/universal Self, and never the believer’s own ātman — “walk by the Spirit” (आत्मा के अनुसार चलो, 5:16) is Spirit-empowered obedience, not yogic breath/self-realization practice. Theologian review.

τὰ ἔργα τῆς σαρκός (5:19–21)

Literal: “the works of the flesh” — vice list including εἰδωλολατρία (idolatry) and φαρμακεία (sorcery)
Hindi: शरीर के काम [TM काम for works, never कर्म]; मूर्तिपूजा [TM — idolatry, High]; टोना/जादू-टोना [NEW – Medium]
Risk: High for the list as a whole. मूर्तिपूजा handled pastorally but not softened (TM rule). φαρμακεία as जादू-टोना names live occult practice in the Indian context — descriptive, not sensationalized. The warning “such people will not inherit the kingdom of God” uses परमेश्वर का राज्य [TM — kingdom_of_god, Medium] and must not be softened.

ὁ καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος (5:22–23)

Transliteration: ho karpos tou pneumatos
Literal: “the fruit (singular) of the Spirit”
Semantic range: καρπός = produce, harvest — organic result, not wage or merit
English variants: “fruit of the Spirit”
Contextual meaning: Curriculum doctrine “Fruit of the Spirit”: nine-fold character produced by the indwelling Spirit — love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control.
Hindi: आत्मा का फल — प्रेम, आनन्द, शांति, धीरज, कृपा, भलाई, विश्वासयोग्यता, नम्रता, संयम [NEW – High; component terms: शांति per TM peace; कृपा per TM kindness_of_god (non-grace context, permitted); विश्वासयोग्यता for πίστις-as-faithfulness to avoid collision with the High-risk विश्वास = saving-faith term]
Risk: High. फल collides head-on with कर्म-फल (karma-fruit): the reader must never take these virtues as merit-produce of one’s own deeds. The genitive is decisive — आत्मा का फल, the Spirit’s own produce in the believer. Singular “fruit” (फल, not फलों) preserves the unity of the character-cluster. Note: πίστις in the list is faithfulness, not saving faith — rendered विश्वासयोग्यता with a translator note, keeping विश्वास reserved for its TM sense. Theologian review.

οἱ δὲ τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὴν σάρκα ἐσταύρωσαν (5:24)

Literal: “those who belong to Christ have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires”
Hindi: जो मसीह के हैं, उन्होंने शरीर को उसकी लालसाओं और अभिलाषाओं समेत क्रूस पर चढ़ा दिया है [TM शरीर, क्रूस; construction ties to 2:20 Critical entry]
Risk: High — echoes 2:20; not self-mortification/tapasya but the decisive break made in union with Christ.

Chapter 6 — Burden-Bearing, Sowing and Reaping, the New Creation (गलातियों 6)

Reviewed in full (vv. 1–18). Load-bearing terms:

καταρτίζετε… ἐν πνεύματι πραΰτητος (6:1)

Literal: “restore such a one in a spirit of gentleness”
Hindi: नम्रता की आत्मा से ऐसे को संभालो [NEW – Low]
Risk: Low; restorative, not punitive, tone required.

ἀλλήλων τὰ βάρη βαστάζετε (6:2)

Transliteration: allēlōn ta barē bastazete
Literal: “bear one another’s burdens”
Contextual meaning: Curriculum doctrine “Bearing One Another’s Burdens” — mutual load-carrying fulfills the law of Christ; balanced by 6:5 (each carries his own φορτίον, pack-load — responsibility, distinct word).
Hindi: एक दूसरे के भार उठाओ [NEW – Low]; 6:5 अपना ही बोझ उठाना [NEW – Low]
Risk: Low as vocabulary; keep βάρος (भार, crushing burden) and φορτίον (बोझ, one’s own load) distinguishable so vv. 2 and 5 do not appear contradictory. Native speaker review for naturalness.

ὁ νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ (6:2)

Transliteration: ho nomos tou Christou
Literal: “the law of Christ”
English variants: “the law of Christ”
Contextual meaning: Not a new Torah-code but the love-command embodied in Christ (5:14 — the whole law fulfilled in “love your neighbor”).
Hindi: मसीह की व्यवस्था [TM व्यवस्था; construction NEW – High]
Risk: High. Double hazard: (a) धर्म forbidden — “मसीह का धर्म” would read as “Christ’s religion/dharma,” a rival dharma among dharmas; (b) the phrase must not reinstate law-justification the whole book demolishes. Translator note tying it to 5:14. Theologian review.

ὃ γὰρ ἐὰν σπείρῃ ἄνθρωπος, τοῦτο καὶ θερίσει (6:7–8)

Transliteration: speirō / therizō
Literal: “whatever a man sows, that he will also reap — the one sowing to his own flesh will reap corruption from the flesh; the one sowing to the Spirit will reap eternal life from the Spirit”
English variants: “sow/reap”
Contextual meaning: Moral accountability before the God who is not mocked (θεὸς οὐ μυκτηρίζεται) — a personal divine judgment, and eternal life reaped from the Spirit as gift-harvest, not wage.
Hindi: मनुष्य जो कुछ बोता है, वही काटेगा [NEW – High]; परमेश्वर ठट्ठों में नहीं उड़ाया जाता; अनन्त जीवन [NEW अनन्त जीवन – High]
Risk: High. This is the book’s most direct karma-collision: the sowing/reaping proverb sounds identical to “जैसा कर्म वैसा फल.” Three guardrails: (a) the agent of the harvest is the personal God who is not mocked — not an impersonal moral law; (b) eternal life is reaped ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος — आत्मा से/की ओर से, sourced in the Spirit, not accumulated by the sower; (c) अनन्त जीवन (eternal life) must never become अमरता-through-liberation or absorption. Translator note mandatory; theologian review every occurrence.

τὸ καλὸν ποιοῦντες μὴ ἐγκακῶμεν (6:9–10)

Literal: “let us not grow weary in doing good… especially to the household of faith”
Hindi: भलाई करने में साहस न छोड़ें… विशेष करके विश्वासी भाइयों के साथ [NEW – Low]
Risk: Low; “household of faith” (विश्वासी परिवार/भाई) is fellowship language, consistent with TM संगति and brotherly_love entries.

εὐπροσωπῆσαι ἐν σαρκί… μόνον ἵνα τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ Χριστοῦ μὴ διώκωνται (6:12–13)

Literal: “those wanting to make a good showing in the flesh… only that they not be persecuted for the cross of Christ”
Hindi: शरीर में अच्छे दिखना चाहते हैं… केवल इसलिये कि मसीह के क्रूस के कारण सताए न जाएँ [TM शरीर, क्रूस]
Risk: Medium; honor/shame dynamics — flag for native speaker review per baseline routing.

ἐμοὶ δὲ μὴ γένοιτο καυχᾶσθαι εἰ μὴ ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ (6:14)

Transliteration: kauchasthai — to boast
Hindi: घमण्ड [TM — boasting, Low] — “मुझे… क्रूस को छोड़ और किसी बात पर घमण्ड करना कदापि न हो”; “the world crucified to me and I to the world” ties back to the 2:20 co-crucifixion entry.
Risk: Low for the term; High for the crucifixion clause (2:20 rules apply).

καινὴ κτίσις (6:15)

Transliteration: kainē ktisis
Literal: “new creation”
Semantic range: God’s eschatological new-creative act, already begun in the believer
English variants: “new creation,” “new creature”
Contextual meaning: Curriculum doctrine “Circumcision and the New Creation”: neither circumcision nor uncircumcision matters — only new creation. God’s sovereign creative act, not a status achieved by ritual or attainment.
Hindi: नई सृष्टि [NEW – High]
Risk: High. Must never drift to पुनर्जन्म (reincarnation — the drift already caught once in the Romans v1 run for “new birth”) nor to rebirth-into-a-better-life framing. नई सृष्टि keeps God as Creator-agent (consistent with TM सृजनहार); pair with the TM नया जन्म entry where regeneration language co-occurs. Theologian review.

τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ (6:16)

Hindi: परमेश्वर के इस्राएल पर [TM — israel इस्राएल, Medium; god परमेश्वर, Critical]
Risk: Medium — “the Israel of God” is exegetically contested (church as true Israel vs. Jewish believers); render literally, record the interpretive alternatives as alternatives_considered, do not resolve in the text.

τὰ στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ (6:17)

Transliteration: ta stigmata tou Iēsou
Literal: “the marks/brands of Jesus” — Paul’s persecution scars as ownership-brands
English variants: “marks of Jesus,” “brand-marks”
Hindi: यीशु के दागों के चिन्ह [NEW – Medium]
Risk: Medium. Must read as scars from suffering for Christ (ownership by the Lord), not as religious body-markings analogous to sect-marks (tilak/tattoos denoting deity-devotion). Translator note; native speaker review.

Closing benediction (6:18)

Hindi: हे भाइयो, हमारे प्रभु यीशु मसीह का अनुग्रह तुम्हारी आत्मा के साथ रहे। आमीन। [TM — grace, lord, jesus, messiah; आमीन per baseline transliteration standard]
Risk: Governed entirely by existing TM entries.

Coverage Statement

All six chapters of Galatians have been reviewed first to last. Every chapter contributes new load-bearing vocabulary; no chapter is a terms-free reuse chapter. Chapters 5 and 6 carry the heaviest new-term load for this curriculum (freedom, fruit of the Spirit, sowing/reaping, new creation); chapters 2–3 carry the heaviest reused Critical-tier load (justification, righteousness, works of the law, imputed righteousness).

See 08_core_glossary.md for the consolidated per-term glossary with risk tiers and review routing.

Library content is free and openly licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — share and adapt it for non-commercial use, with attribution to tri-bible.ai.