Core Glossary

Core Glossary — Ezra (English → Hindi)

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across Ezra 1–10. Terms marked REUSE carry the Hindi rendering forward verbatim from the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked NEW are proposed additions requiring incorporation into an updated translation_memory.json in Phase 2, with risk tiers assigned using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.

Key for Status column: REUSE = identical baseline term reused; REUSE-component = a new compound built from one or more reused baseline terms; NEW = no baseline precedent, newly assigned for this curriculum.

Master Glossary Table

#	English Term	Hindi Rendering	Transliteration	Risk	Status	Chapters	Doctrine Link	Key Rationale
1	LORD (YHWH, the Tetragrammaton)	यहोवा	Yahowā	Critical	NEW	1,3,5,6,7,8,9,10	God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History	Established BSI OT convention; must be kept lexically distinct from प्रभु (reserved for NT κύριος titular use) and from परमेश्वर (generic “God”). Single highest-priority new registry addition for this curriculum.
2	God (generic)	परमेश्वर	Parameśvara	Critical	REUSE	1–10 (throughout)	All doctrines	Exact baseline reuse; never ईश्वर/भगवान.
3	word of the LORD	यहोवा का वचन	Yahowā kā vacana	Critical	NEW	1	Fulfillment of Prophecy / Sovereignty over History	Must consistently pair वचन with यहोवा (term 1), not float free, to preserve the prophecy-fulfillment logic.
4	stirred/aroused the spirit	मन/आत्मा को प्रेरित किया	mana/ātmā ko prerita kiyā	Critical	NEW	1	God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History	Must not read as spirit-possession (आवेश) or imply the Holy Spirit (पवित्र आत्मा); use मन for human disposition. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
5	God of heaven	स्वर्ग का परमेश्वर	svarga kā Parameśvara	High	NEW	1,5,6,7	Sovereignty over Pagan Nations	Risk of “one sky-deity among many” misreading; must be paired with unqualified monotheistic assertions in context.
6	he is the God / he is God	वही परमेश्वर है	vahī Parameśvara hai	Critical	NEW	1	Sovereignty over Pagan Nations	Decisive exclusivity clause; must exclude, not merely rank above, rival claimants.
7	house of the LORD / temple	यहोवा का भवन / मन्दिर	Yahowā kā bhavana / mandira	High (escalates toward Critical in worship contexts)	NEW	1–10 (throughout)	Restoration of Temple Worship	भवन recommended as primary, safer rendering; मन्दिर usable as synonym gloss but always with a note distinguishing OT type/shadow, fulfilled-in-Christ temple from ongoing Hindu मन्दिर devotional function.
8	go up (to Jerusalem)	यरूशलेम को जाना / ऊपर जाना	Yarūśalema ko jānā	Medium	NEW	1,7,8	Restoration/Renewal	Avoid तीर्थयात्रा-style pilgrimage-merit vocabulary; this is a commissioned, grace-grounded return, not merit-earning pilgrimage.
9	remnant	बचे हुए लोग	bace hue loga	High	REUSE	1,9	Election / Restoration	Exact baseline term (Romans 9:27; 11:5); direct cross-curricular continuity.
10	freewill offering	स्वेच्छा-भेंट	svecchā-bheṇṭa	Medium	NEW	1	Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal	Avoid बलि/यज्ञ; this is a construction-fund gift, not a cultic sacrifice.
11	heads of the fathers	पितरों के मुख्य पुरुष	pitaroṅ ke mukhya puruṣa	Low	NEW	1	Covenant Community Structure	Watch for ancestor-veneration (श्राद्ध) overtone of पितर; context must clarify living clan leaders.
12	priests	याजक	yājaka	Medium	NEW (established vocabulary)	1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10	Restoration of Temple Worship	Use याजक, never पुरोहित/पंडित (Hindu ritual-specialist collision).
13	Levites	लेवी	Levī	Medium	NEW (transliteration)	1,2,3,6,8,9,10	Restoration of Temple Worship	Watch for hereditary-office/caste-parallel misreading; pastoral note required.
14	strengthened [their] hands	हाथों को मजबूत किया	hāthoṅ ko majabūta kiyā	Low	NEW	1	Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal	Natural Hindi idiom exists; minimal risk.
15	vessels of the house of the LORD	यहोवा के भवन के पात्र	Yahowā ke bhavana ke pātra	Medium	NEW	1,5,6,8	Restoration of Temple Worship	Comprehension risk (unfamiliar sacred-implement concept), not doctrinal collision.
16	treasurer	खजांची / भण्डारी	khajāṅcī / bhaṇḍārī	Low	NEW	1	—	Administrative vocabulary only.
17	prince/leader (nasi)	प्रधान / नायक	pradhāna / nāyaka	Low-Medium	NEW	1	—	Keep distinct from explicit royal/messianic titles (यीशु का राजत्व, baseline).
18	assembly/congregation	सभा / मण्डली	sabhā / maṇḍalī	Medium	NEW	2,10	Covenant Community	Context must distinguish from generic Hindu religious “sabha” gatherings.
19	governor	अधिपति / हाकिम	adhipati / hākima	Low-Medium	NEW	2,5,6	—	Distinct entry from baseline’s शासन के अधिकारी (Romans 13); do not merge — different theological function.
20	Nethinim (temple servants)	नतीनीम	Natīnīma	Low	NEW (transliteration)	2,8	Unity of Jews and Gentiles (typological anticipation)	Requires explanatory gloss on first use.
21	Urim and Thummim	ऊरीम और तूमीम	Ūrīma aura Tūmīma	Medium	NEW (transliteration)	2	Role of Scripture / Restoration	Untranslatable technical term; comprehension risk only.
22	disqualified from the priesthood	याजकपद से अशुद्ध ठहराए गए	yājakapada se aśuddha ṭaharāe gae	High	NEW	2	Restoration of Temple Worship	Caste-lineage-purity misreading risk; distinguish verified covenant office from hereditary caste rank.
23	altar	वेदी	vedī	High	NEW	3	Restoration of Temple Worship	Established, comparatively neutral term; avoid यज्ञवेदी.
24	burnt offering	होमबलि	homabali	Critical	NEW	3,8	Restoration of Temple Worship	Highest syncretism-collision term in the book (Vedic होम/यज्ञ parallel); mandatory theologian note every occurrence.
25	law of Moses	मूसा की व्यवस्था	Mūsā kī vyavasthā	High	REUSE (व्यवस्था)	3,7	Role of Scripture / Covenant Renewal	Direct reuse of baseline “law” entry; never धर्म.
26	Feast of Tabernacles	झोपड़ियों का पर्व	jhopaḍiyoṅ kā parva	Medium	NEW	3	Restoration of Temple Worship	Comprehension risk (unfamiliar festival), not doctrinal collision.
27	foundation (of the temple)	नींव	nīṅva	Low	NEW	3	Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal	Standard architectural vocabulary.
28	his mercy endures forever (chesed)	उसकी दया सदा की है	usakī dayā sadā kī hai	Medium	REUSE (दया)	3	Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal	दया reused from baseline “mercy”; supplement with covenant-loyalty teaching note (chesed is richer than eleos alone).
29	adversaries/enemies	विरोधी / शत्रु	virodhī / śatru	Low	NEW	4	Separation from Syncretism	Standard vocabulary.
30	peoples of the land	देश के लोग	deśa ke loga	High	NEW	4,9,10	Separation from Syncretism	Must be taught as a religious-syncretism category, not ethnic/caste-purity category.
31	decree (Aramaic dat)	राजादेश / आदेश	rājādeśa / ādeśa	Low-Medium	NEW	4,6,7	—	Keep visibly distinct from व्यवस्था (Mosaic law only).
32	by force and power	बल और शक्ति से	bala aura śakti se	Medium	NEW	4	Sovereignty over Pagan Nations	शक्ति correctly used here for human/political power — distinct register from the forbidden शक्ति-for-divine-power collision.
33	prophets	भविष्यद्वक्ता	bhaviṣyadvaktā	Low	REUSE	5	Role of Scripture in Community Renewal	Exact baseline term.
34	the eye of their God was upon them	उनके परमेश्वर की दृष्टि उन पर थी	unake Parameśvara kī dṛṣṭi una para thī	High	NEW	5	Sovereignty over Pagan Nations	दृष्टि preferred over literal आँख to avoid evil-eye/nazar folk-belief collision (cf. baseline Galatians 3:1 “bewitched” caution).
35	dedication (of the temple)	समर्पण	samarpaṇa	Medium	NEW	6	Restoration of Temple Worship	Distinguish building-dedication from personal devotional-surrender bhakti usage.
36	separated from the filthiness of the nations	जातियों की अशुद्धता से अलग हुए	jātiyoṅ kī aśuddhatā se alaga hue	Critical	NEW	6,10	Separation from Syncretism	Core textual anchor of the doctrine; अशुद्धता reused from baseline “sin” entry’s ritual-impurity register; mandatory theologian review distinguishing covenant-fidelity separation from caste-purity hierarchy.
37	Passover	फसह	Phasaha	Medium	NEW (established transliteration)	6	Restoration of Temple Worship	Straightforward; positive typological teaching opportunity (fulfilled in Christ).
38	Feast of Unleavened Bread	अख़मीरी रोटी का पर्व	akhamīrī rotī kā parva	Medium	NEW	6	Restoration of Temple Worship	Comprehension risk only.
39	joy	आनन्द	ānanda	Low	NEW	6	Restoration of Temple Worship	Light awareness note re: bhakti-ānanda resonance; not a real collision here.
40	scribe	शास्त्री	śāstrī	Medium	NEW	7	Role of Scripture in Community Renewal	Context must distinguish from Hindu शास्त्र-scholar title.
41	hand of the LORD was upon him	यहोवा का हाथ उस पर था	Yahowā kā hātha usa para thā	High	NEW	7,8	Sovereignty over History / Providence	Distinguish providential enablement from ritual blessing-touch (आशीर्वाद/स्पर्श) transference.
42	prepared his heart to seek the law	अपने मन को व्यवस्था खोजने के लिये तैयार किया	apane mana ko vyavasthā khojane ke liye taiyāra kiyā	Medium	NEW (व्यवस्था REUSE)	7	Role of Scripture in Community Renewal	Straightforward devotional-discipline language.
43	law of your God / law of the king	तेरे परमेश्वर की व्यवस्था / राजा का आदेश	tere Parameśvara kī vyavasthā / rājā kā ādeśa	High	NEW	7	Role of Scripture / Sovereignty over Nations	Single Aramaic דָּת covers both referents in source; Hindi must disambiguate to keep व्यवस्था reserved exclusively for Torah. Mandatory theologian review.
44	fasting	उपवास	upavāsa	High	NEW	8	Confession and Corporate Repentance	Vrata/merit-fasting collision; must be framed as humble petition, never merit-accruing austerity.
45	weighed [the vessels]	तौला / नाप-जोख की	taulā / nāpa-jokha kī	Low	NEW	8	Restoration of Temple Worship	Stewardship/accountability vocabulary.
46	holy seed	पवित्र वंश	pavitra vaṃśa	Critical	NEW (REUSE-component: पवित्र + वंश)	9	Separation from Syncretism	Combination risk: could be misread as validating caste/hereditary purity; concern is religious (undivided worship), not ethnic.
47	intermarriage with peoples of the land	देश के लोगों से विवाह संबंध	deśa ke logoṅ se vivāha saṃbandha	High	NEW	9,10	Separation from Syncretism	Tied to term 30’s syncretism (not ethnic-purity) framing.
48	guilt/trespass (ashmah)	दोष / अपराध	doṣa / aparādha	Medium-High	NEW	9	Confession and Corporate Repentance	Kept distinct from पाप (general sin) to preserve legal-liability nuance.
49	confession (of sin)	पापों का अंगीकार करना	pāpoṅ kā aṅgīkāra karanā	High	NEW (REUSE-component: अंगीकार करना)	9,10	Confession and Corporate Repentance	Distinguish from baseline’s अंगीकार करना for confession-of-faith-unto-salvation (Romans 10:9-10).
50	iniquities risen higher than our heads	हमारे अपराध हमारे सिर से ऊँचे हो गए हैं	hamāre aparādha hamāre sira se ūṅce ho gae haiṅ	Medium	NEW	9	Confession and Corporate Repentance	Avoid अधर्म (baseline-rejected for “sin”); use अपराध.
51	peg/nail in his holy place	पवित्रस्थान में खूँटा/मेख	pavitrasthāna meṅ khūṅṭā/mekha	Medium	NEW	9	God’s Sovereignty / Grace amid Guilt	Concrete agrarian metaphor; culturally intelligible; needs functional-meaning gloss.
52	covenant (corrective communal pledge)	वाचा	vācā	High	REUSE	10	Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal	Exact baseline term; distinguish this local corrective covenant from the great redemptive covenants while retaining शared solemn weight.
53	oath	शपथ	śapatha	Low-Medium	NEW	10	Confession and Corporate Repentance	Standard formal-commitment vocabulary.
54	assembly of trembling	कांपती हुई सभा	kāṅpatī huī sabhā	Low-Medium	NEW	10	Confession and Corporate Repentance	Embodied, communal repentance; descriptive vocabulary only.
55	those who separated themselves	अलग हुए लोग / पृथक हुए लोग	alaga hue loga	High/Critical	NEW (continuity with term 36)	10	Separation from Syncretism	Deliberate reuse of Ch.6 vocabulary to keep the theme visibly unified.
56	guilt offering (asham)	दोष-बलि	doṣa-bali	High	NEW	10	Confession and Corporate Repentance	Same बलि-vocabulary syncretism risk as term 24; same standing translator note required.
57	holy	पवित्र	pavitra	High	REUSE	throughout	Restoration of Temple Worship / Separation	Exact baseline term.
58	worship	आराधना	ārādhanā	High	REUSE	3,6,9,10 (implicit throughout)	Restoration of Temple Worship	Exact baseline term; never पूजा.
59	sacrifice (general register)	बलिदान	balidāna	High	REUSE-adjacent (per baseline living_sacrifice caution)	3,6,8,10	Restoration of Temple Worship	Apply the same बलि/यज्ञ caution documented in the baseline’s living_sacrifice entry across all Ezra offering-vocabulary.
60	restoration	बहाली	bahālī	High	REUSE	1–10 (thematic, throughout)	Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal	Exact baseline term (Romans 11, Israel’s future restoration) — strong direct thematic tie to this curriculum’s central doctrine.
61	repentance	मन फिराव	mana phirāva	High	REUSE	9,10	Confession and Corporate Repentance	Exact baseline term.
62	sin (general)	पाप	pāpa	High	REUSE	9,10	Confession and Corporate Repentance	Exact baseline term.
63	prophecy / fulfillment	भविष्यवाणी	bhaviṣyavāṇī	Low	REUSE	1	Fulfillment of Prophecy	Exact baseline term.

Proper Names Requiring Consistent Transliteration

English	Hindi	Transliteration	Note
Cyrus	कुस्रू	Kusrū	Established BSI OV form; distinct from later कुरुष-style transliterations sometimes seen in secular history texts — use कुस्रू for Bible-tradition consistency.
Darius	दारा / दारा राजा	Dārā	Established form.
Artaxerxes	अर्तक्षत्र	Artakṣatra	Established form.
Nebuchadnezzar	नबूकदनेस्सर	Nabūkadanessara	Established form (matches broader Hindi OT usage).
Zerubbabel	जरुब्बाबेल	Jarubbābela	Established form.
Sheshbazzar	शेशबज्जर	Śeśabajjara	Established form.
Jeshua (the high priest)	यशूअ	Yaśūa	Flag Medium risk: this OT figure’s Hebrew name (יֵשׁוּעַ, Yeshua) is etymologically identical to Jesus’ own name. Hindi tradition distinguishes them by using यशूअ (or यशू) for the OT priest and यीशु exclusively for Christ. This distinction MUST be preserved consistently to avoid reader confusion between the returning high priest and the Lord Jesus — flag for native speaker review at every occurrence in Ezra 2–5, 10.
Haggai	हाग्गै	Hāggai	Established form.
Zechariah (prophet)	जकर्याह	Jakaryāh	Established form; distinct from other biblical Zechariahs — context should disambiguate if needed.
Ezra	एज्रा	Ejrā	Established form.

Cross-Reference to Baseline Registries

The following baseline terms (from translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json) are directly reused without modification in this curriculum and should be loaded into the same enforcement pipeline before any Ezra segment is translated: परमेश्वर, पवित्र, व्यवस्था, वाचा, बचे हुए लोग, दया, भविष्यद्वक्ता, भविष्यवाणी, पाप, मन फिराव, आराधना, बहाली, अंगीकार करना (root, sense-distinguished per term 49 above).

The following are new Ezra-specific terms requiring formal addition to an updated translation_memory.json in Phase 2, in priority order of risk: यहोवा (Critical, term 1); मन/आत्मा को प्रेरित किया (Critical, term 4); वही परमेश्वर है (Critical, term 6); होमबलि (Critical, term 24); जातियों की अशुद्धता से अलग हुए (Critical, term 36); पवित्र वंश (Critical, term 46); plus the full set of High-risk terms enumerated above.

This glossary is derived entirely from 07_semantic_analysis.md. No term listed here may be altered in Phase 2 translation without a recorded justification and version increment, per the baseline’s translation memory enforcement protocol.

Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvara
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर, भगवान

Inherited from Romans package. परमेश्वर (Supreme Lord) is the BSI OV standard; भगवान forbidden (broad Hindu-deity usage). Ezra extension: this is the generic ‘God’ register used throughout Ezra 1-10 alongside the new OT proper-name term यहोवा (see below); the two must never be used interchangeably without cause — यहोवा names the covenant-specific Tetragrammaton, परमेश्वर is the doctrinally precise generic term.

Lord

Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: Prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर

Inherited from Romans package. Reserved exclusively for the NT κύριος/Lordship-of-Christ register. Ezra extension: प्रभु does NOT occur as a rendering of the OT Tetragrammaton in this curriculum; यहोवा is used instead. This entry is retained here specifically so that translators enforce the discipline of never substituting प्रभु for यहोवा (or vice versa) — a single lapse would blur the OT proper-name/NT-title distinction the whole Language Package depends on.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा, देव-आत्मा

Inherited from Romans package. Ezra extension: this entry is retained here specifically as a guardrail for the new term stirred_the_spirit (मन को प्रेरित किया) — the human मन/disposition God moves in Cyrus and the returnees (Ezra 1:1,5) is NOT पवित्र आत्मा and must never be rendered with आत्मा-based vocabulary that could suggest Trinitarian Spirit-language or conflate the two registers.

Yhwh

Approved rendering: यहोवा
Transliteration: Yahowā
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर, भगवान, प्रभु (reserved for NT Lordship-of-Christ register), परमेश्वर (reserved for the generic ‘God’ register)
Original: יְהוָה
Category: God

The single most important new terminological decision for this curriculum. The Romans/Galatians baseline never required a rendering of the Tetragrammaton. Established Hindi OT tradition (BSI OV) renders יְהוָה as यहोवा, kept lexically distinct from प्रभु and परमेश्वर. Recommend the compound ‘यहोवा परमेश्वर’ at first occurrence in a teaching unit, then यहोवा alone. Occurs throughout Ezra 1,3,5,6,7,8,9,10.

Word Of The Lord

Approved rendering: यहोवा का वचन
Transliteration: Yahowā kā vacana
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: वचन (floating alone, without यहोवा), संदेश
Original: דְּבַר־יְהוָה
Category: Prophecy

Ezra 1:1. Must consistently pair वचन with यहोवा rather than floating free as generic ‘a message,’ or the causal link between Jeremiah’s named prior prophecy and Cyrus’s decree — the doctrinal anchor of God’s sovereignty over pagan history — is lost.

Stirred The Spirit

Approved rendering: मन को प्रेरित किया
Transliteration: mana ko prerita kiyā
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Rejected alternatives: आत्मा को प्रेरित किया (confusable with पवित्र आत्मा), आत्मा जगाई, आवेश में लाया (spirit-possession framing), भूत-प्रवेश-style vocabulary
Original: הֵעִיר אֶת־רוּחַ
Category: Sovereignty

Ezra 1:1,5 (הֵעִיר אֶת־רוּחַ). Two grounded hazards: (1) risk of assimilation to India’s living spirit-possession/oracle category (आवेश); (2) risk of conflation with the Holy Spirit. Use मन (human disposition), never आत्मा. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence — identical rendering required both times (Cyrus, v.1; the returnees, v.5) to preserve the reader’s ability to see the deliberate providential parallel.

He Is God

Approved rendering: वही परमेश्वर है
Transliteration: vahī Parameśvara hai
Doctrine: Exclusive Monotheism versus Pagan Religious Pluralism
Rejected alternatives: वह सबसे बड़ा परमेश्वर है (superiority-ranking / henotheism), वह एक परमेश्वर है (one god among others)
Original: הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים
Category: God

Ezra 1:3 (הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים). The decisive monotheistic correction to v.2’s diplomatically neutral ‘God of heaven.’ Must exclude, not merely rank above, all other claimants. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.

Burnt Offering

Approved rendering: होमबलि
Transliteration: homabali
Doctrine: Restoration of the Sacrificial System
Rejected alternatives: यज्ञ (forbidden, too direct a Vedic fire-ritual reference), हवन
Original: עוֹלָה
Category: Temple Worship

Ezra 3:2-6; 8:35. HIGHEST syncretism-collision term in the book — closest phonological and conceptual proximity to a live, currently-practiced Hindu ritual (Vedic होम/यज्ञ). Mandatory theologian review at EVERY occurrence, with a standing translator note that the olah is a temporary, shadow ordinance under the Mosaic covenant, once-for-all fulfilled and terminated in Christ’s sacrifice, never an ongoing devotional practice generating merit or divine favor through repetition.

Separated From Filthiness

Approved rendering: जातियों की अशुद्धता से अलग हुए
Transliteration: jātiyoṅ kī aśuddhatā se alaga hue
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: छूत (untouchability-adjacent vocabulary), जूठा (food-contamination vocabulary), जाति-based rendering
Original: הִבְדִּילוּ מִטֻּמְאַת גּוֹיֵ־הָאָרֶץ
Category: Separation

Ezra 6:21. The direct textual anchor for the doctrine of separation from syncretism. अशुद्धता reused deliberately from the baseline sin entry’s ritual-impurity register. Mandatory theologian review with a note distinguishing covenant-fidelity separation (a positive, worship-protecting act commanded of the whole community regardless of birth) from caste-based ritual-purity hierarchies (which rank persons by birth).

Holy Seed

Approved rendering: पवित्र वंश
Transliteration: pavitra vaṃśa
Doctrine: Covenant Identity and the “Holy Seed”
Rejected alternatives: जाति (caste/community-identity term), नस्ल (race), कुल (clan, insufficiently theological)
Original: זֶרַע הַקֹּדֶשׁ
Category: Separation

Ezra 9:2 (זֶרַע הַקֹּדֶשׁ). Single most caste-vulnerable phrase in the book; each component (पवित्र, वंश) is independently established but the combination risks being read through a Brahmin-lineage/caste-purity lens as ethnic-biological purity. Mandatory theologian review with an explicit note: the concern is religious — undivided covenant worship — never ethnic or hereditary purity as an end in itself.

Those Who Separated Themselves

Approved rendering: अलग हुए लोग / पृथक हुए लोग
Transliteration: alaga hue loga / pṛthaka hue loga
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: जाति-based rendering
Original: הַנִּבְדָּלִים
Category: Separation

Ezra 10:11,16 (הַנִּבְדָּלִים). Deliberate terminological continuity with the Ezra 6:21 separated_from_filthiness anchor phrase — same rendering, same mandatory theologian review, same caste-purity misreading caution, to keep the separation-theme visibly unified across the book.

High Risk Terms

Holy

Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification / Restoration of Temple Worship / Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Original: קֹדֶשׁ / קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. पवित्र = set apart for God; morally pure; avoid शुद्ध (ritual-purity connotation). Ezra extension: used throughout of the temple, vessels, priests, offerings, and the compound पवित्र वंश (‘holy seed’, see new term holy_seed); the covenantal-relational sense must be kept distinct from Hindu ritual-purity (शुद्धि/अशुद्धि) categories in every offering/separation context.

Law

Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavasthā
Doctrine: Role of Scripture in Community Renewal / Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, शरीयत, नियम

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER धर्म. Ezra extension: व्यवस्था is reserved EXCLUSIVELY for the Mosaic Law/Torah (Ezra 3:2; 6:18; 7:6,10) and must never be used to render the Aramaic royal-decree term דָּת (‘dat’) — see new terms decree_dat and law_of_god_and_law_of_king, where the single Aramaic term is deliberately disambiguated into two distinct Hindi phrases to protect this reservation.

Covenant

Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant / Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, समझौता

Inherited from Romans package. Relational covenant bond, more than a legal contract. Ezra extension: also anchors the new term covenant_corrective (Ezra 10:3), a local, corrective, community-specific pledge to put away foreign wives. A teaching note distinguishing this local covenant from the great redemptive-historical covenants (Abrahamic, Davidic, new covenant) is required every time Ezra 10:3 is taught, while affirming वाचा’s shared weight of solemn, God-witnessed commitment.

Remnant

Approved rendering: बचे हुए लोग
Transliteration: bace hue loga
Doctrine: Election / Remnant Theology
Original: הַנִּשְׁאָר / שְׁאֵרִית / פְּלֵיטָה
Category: Election

Inherited from Romans package (Romans 9:27; 11:5, ‘the remnant chosen by grace — keep the grace-not-works basis explicit’). Ezra extension: used at Ezra 1:4 (הַנִּשְׁאָר) and Ezra 9:8,13-15 (שְׁאֵרִית/פְּלֵיטָה) with deliberate terminological continuity. In Ezra 9 the grace-basis becomes explicit and undeserved — the remnant’s survival and the ‘peg in his holy place’ (see new term peg_in_holy_place) are granted despite the community’s own guilt, never as a reward for the remnant’s relative merit.

Sin

Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability / Confession and Corporate Repentance
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता

Inherited from Romans package. Ezra extension: general moral/covenantal transgression named throughout Ezra 9-10 (חֵטְא/עָוֹן) alongside the more specific legal-liability term אַשְׁמָה (see new term guilt_trespass_ashmah, rendered दोष/अपराध, kept lexically distinct from पाप). अशुद्धता (also baseline-noted here) is reserved for the ritual-impurity register in the separated_from_filthiness entry, not for general sin.

Repentance

Approved rendering: मन फिराव
Transliteration: mana phirāva
Doctrine: Repentance / Confession and Corporate Repentance
Rejected alternatives: पश्चाताप
Original: שוב
Category: Repentance

Inherited from Romans package. Ezra extension: names the turning of the whole community’s mind/life back toward covenant fidelity, embodied concretely in the confession (Ezra 9) and covenant (Ezra 10) — not mere emotional remorse or ritual penance (प्रायश्चित्त).

Worship

Approved rendering: आराधना
Transliteration: ārādhanā
Doctrine: Worship / Restoration of Temple Worship
Rejected alternatives: पूजा
Original: עֲבוֹדָה
Category: Worship

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER पूजा. Ezra extension: names the restored service of YHWH through the rebuilt altar, temple, and liturgical calendar (Ezra 3; 6; 8:35); underlies the Hebrew עֲבוֹדָה register throughout the book’s temple-restoration material.

Confession Of Faith

Approved rendering: अंगीकार करना
Transliteration: aṅgīkāra karanā
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वीकार करना

Inherited from Romans package (Romans 10:9-10, confession of Jesus as Lord unto salvation). Ezra extension: this exact verb root is reused with a distinct object and function at Ezra 9-10 as पापों का अंगीकार करना (‘confession OF SIN’, see new term confession_of_sin) — a related but theologically distinct act (repentance-response, not justification-instrument). A mandatory translator note distinguishing the two collocations is required wherever both curricula are taught together.

Living Sacrifice

Approved rendering: जीवित बलिदान
Transliteration: jīvita balidāna
Doctrine: Consecration / Restoration of the Sacrificial System
Rejected alternatives: बलि, यज्ञ

Inherited from Romans package (Romans 12:1). Ezra extension: the same बलि/यज्ञ ritual-offering caution governs ALL of Ezra’s sacrificial vocabulary (see new terms burnt_offering, guilt_offering_asham, sacrifice_general) — every Ezra offering is a temporary, once-for-all-fulfilled-in-Christ Mosaic ordinance, never an ongoing merit-earning devotional rite parallel to Hindu यज्ञ/होम practice.

Providence

Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का विधान
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā vidhāna
Doctrine: Providence / God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, कर्म का नियम

Inherited from Romans package (built for Romans 8:28’s pastoral register applied to believers). Ezra extension: the SAME underlying doctrine now applies to God’s sovereignty over an unregenerate pagan ruler (Cyrus, Ezra 1:1) and over the returned community amid political opposition (Ezra 4-6; ‘the eye of their God,’ ‘the hand of the LORD’ — see new terms eye_of_god, hand_of_the_lord) — a distinct sub-case from God’s fatherly care of believers that the baseline entry alone does not cover; never भाग्य/कर्म का नियम in either register.

Sovereignty

Approved rendering: परमेश्वर की संप्रभुता
Transliteration: Parameśvara kī samprabhutā
Doctrine: Providence / God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, नियति

Inherited from Romans package. Ezra extension: this is the doctrinal frame for the entire book’s opening claim that a pagan emperor’s political decree IS the personal, purposive act of a sovereign God, not impersonal fate/karma acting through history.

Election

Approved rendering: परमेश्वर का चुनाव
Transliteration: Parameśvara kā cunāva
Doctrine: Effectual Calling / Remnant Theology
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, नियति, किस्मत

Inherited from Romans package. Ezra extension: undergirds Remnant Theology (see remnant entry) — the remnant’s survival and return is God’s sovereign, personal choice and grace, never karma-determined fate or impersonal destiny.

God Of Heaven

Approved rendering: स्वर्ग का परमेश्वर
Transliteration: svarga kā Parameśvara
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Original: אֱלֹהֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם
Category: God

Ezra 1:2; 5:11-12; 6:9-10; 7:12,21,23. Risk of being heard as a sky-deity-among-a-pantheon title (cf. Indra, Varuna) rather than the sole supreme God. Must be paired within the same teaching unit with the unqualified corrective he_is_god (वही परमेश्वर है, Ezra 1:3).

House Of The Lord Temple

Approved rendering: यहोवा का भवन / मन्दिर
Transliteration: Yahowā kā bhavana / mandira
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Rejected alternatives: गिरजाघर (church building, false friend), मन्दिर as unglossed primary rendering
Original: בַּיִת / בֵּית יְהוָה
Category: Temple Worship

Ezra 1:2-11 and throughout the book. भवन recommended as the primary, safer rendering; मन्दिर usable only as a synonym gloss carrying, at first use in any teaching unit, a note distinguishing the once-for-all, type-fulfilled-in-Christ OT sacrificial temple from the ongoing devotional function of a Hindu मन्दिर (deity residence, daily पूजा, darshan). Single most pervasive collision risk in the book.

House Of The Lord God Of Israel

Approved rendering: यहोवा का भवन, इस्राएल का परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Yahowā kā bhavana, Isrāela kā Parameśvara
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Original: בֵּית יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant

Ezra 1:3. The shift within a single decree from the universal ‘God of heaven’ title to the covenant-particular name is theologically load-bearing (universal sovereignty AND particular covenant faithfulness together) and must not be flattened by using only one title throughout.

Disqualified From Priesthood

Approved rendering: याजकपद से अशुद्ध ठहराए गए
Transliteration: yājakapada se aśuddha ṭaharāe gae
Doctrine: Priesthood and the Levitical Order
Original: וַיְגֹאֲלוּ מִן־הַכְּהֻנָּה
Category: Priesthood

Ezra 2:61-63. Genealogical-purity-for-office logic can be heard as validating caste-based hereditary religious status; mandatory note distinguishing verified covenant lineage (a historically specific, now-fulfilled-in-Christ arrangement) from any general principle of hereditary spiritual rank.

Altar

Approved rendering: वेदी
Transliteration: vedī
Doctrine: Restoration of the Sacrificial System
Rejected alternatives: यज्ञवेदी (explicit Vedic fire-ritual invocation)
Original: מִזְבֵּח
Category: Temple Worship

Ezra 3:2-3. Established, comparatively neutral Hindi Bible term. Requires a note that this altar’s offerings are covenant-specific and typological, fulfilled in Christ, not a repeatable meritorious rite parallel to ongoing Hindu होम/यज्ञ practice.

Law Of Moses

Approved rendering: मूसा की व्यवस्था
Transliteration: Mūsā kī vyavasthā
Doctrine: Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Rejected alternatives: मूसा का धर्म, मूसा का शास्त्र
Original: תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה
Category: Scripture

Ezra 3:2; 6:18; 7:6. व्यवस्था reused exact from baseline (never धर्म). Foundational to community worship being ordered by revealed textual authority, not innovation.

Peoples Of The Land

Approved rendering: देश के लोग
Transliteration: deśa ke loga
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: जाति-based ethnic framing, विदेशी (loses the religious-syncretism nuance)
Original: עַם־הָאָרֶץ
Category: Separation

Ezra 4:1-4; 9:1,11; 10:2,11. Must be taught as a religious-syncretism category (mixed worship of YHWH alongside other deities), never an ethnic-purity or caste-purity category.

Eye Of God

Approved rendering: उनके परमेश्वर की दृष्टि उन पर थी
Transliteration: unake Parameśvara kī dṛṣṭi una para thī
Doctrine: Divine Providence amid Opposition
Rejected alternatives: आँख (literal eye), नज़र (evil-eye folk-belief collision)
Original: עַיִן אֱלָהֲהוֹם
Category: Sovereignty

Ezra 5:5. दृष्टि preferred over the literal आँख because of India’s widespread evil-eye (बुरी नज़र) folk-belief; parallels the baseline’s Galatians 3:1 ‘bewitched’ caution.

Hand Of The Lord

Approved rendering: यहोवा का हाथ उस पर था
Transliteration: Yahowā kā hātha usa para thā
Doctrine: Divine Providence amid Opposition
Rejected alternatives: आशीर्वाद/स्पर्श framing (ritual/guru blessing-transfer)
Original: יַד־יְהוָה אֱלֹהָיו עָלָיו
Category: Sovereignty

Ezra 7:6,9,28; 8:18,22,31. Structural refrain marking Ezra’s whole expedition as divinely enabled; must communicate providential empowerment and favor, not magical power-transfer or a talisman-like touch.

Law Of God And Law Of King

Approved rendering: तेरे परमेश्वर की व्यवस्था / राजा का आदेश
Transliteration: tere Parameśvara kī vyavasthā / rājā kā ādeśa
Doctrine: Civil Authority and the Law of God versus the Law of the King
Rejected alternatives: व्यवस्था for both referents (breaches the Torah-exclusive reservation of व्यवस्था)
Original: דָּתָא דִי־אֱלָהָךְ וְדָתָא דִּי מַלְכָּא
Category: Scripture

Ezra 7:25-26. The single Aramaic word דָּת covers both referents in the source; Hindi must actively disambiguate what Aramaic left fused, using व्यवस्था only for ‘the law of your God’ and राजा का आदेश/नियम for ‘the law of the king.’ Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence, with a translator note explaining the source-language ambiguity.

Fasting

Approved rendering: उपवास
Transliteration: upavāsa
Doctrine: Fasting and Dependence on God
Rejected alternatives: व्रत (vow-for-boon), तपस्या (ascetic-merit achievement)
Original: צוֹם / לְהִתְעַנּוֹת
Category: Repentance

Ezra 8:21-23. उपवास/व्रत is a deeply established Hindu devotional practice for accruing merit or obligating divine favor. Mandatory translator note distinguishing biblical fasting as humble petition to a personal God who freely chooses to answer, never a merit-earning or response-compelling technique.

Intermarriage Peoples Of Land

Approved rendering: देश के लोगों से विवाह संबंध
Transliteration: deśa ke logoṅ se vivāha saṃbandha
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Original: לָקְחוּ מִבְּנוֹתֵיהֶם (implied throughout Ezra 9-10)
Category: Separation

Ezra 9:1-2; 10 (implied throughout). Must be taught tied to the peoples_of_the_land entry’s religious-syncretism (not ethnic-purity) framing — the concern is intermarriage that imports foreign-deity worship into covenant households, not intermarriage across ethnic lines as such.

Guilt Trespass Ashmah

Approved rendering: दोष / अपराध
Transliteration: doṣa / aparādha
Doctrine: Confession and Corporate Repentance
Rejected alternatives: पाप (too general, loses the legal-liability nuance), अधर्म (explicitly rejected in the baseline for ‘sin’)
Original: אַשְׁמָה
Category: Repentance

Ezra 9:6-7,13,15; 10:10,19 (אַשְׁמָה). Kept lexically distinct from पाप to preserve the specific covenant-violation/legal-liability nuance; central to the corporate-repentance doctrine.

Confession Of Sin

Approved rendering: पापों का अंगीकार करना
Transliteration: pāpoṅ kā aṅgīkāra karanā
Doctrine: Confession and Corporate Repentance
Rejected alternatives: प्रायश्चित्त framing (ritual/austerity-based penance operating automatically)
Original: וָאֶתְוַדֶּה
Category: Repentance

Ezra 9:6-15; 10:1 (וָאֶתְוַדֶּה). Shares its verb root with the baseline’s confession_of_faith entry (Romans 10:9-10, confessing Christ as Lord unto salvation) but is a theologically distinct act — confession OF SIN in corporate repentance, not confession OF FAITH unto justification. Mandatory translator note distinguishing पापों का अंगीकार from यीशु प्रभु का अंगीकार required wherever both curricula are in view.

Covenant Corrective

Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant

Ezra 10:3. Reuses the covenant entry’s exact term for a local, corrective, community-specific pledge to put away foreign wives — distinct in scope from, but not contradicting, the great redemptive-historical covenants. A teaching note making this distinction explicit is required every time Ezra 10:3 is taught, while affirming वाचा’s shared weight of solemn, God-witnessed commitment.

Guilt Offering Asham

Approved rendering: दोष-बलि
Transliteration: doṣa-bali
Doctrine: Restoration of the Sacrificial System
Rejected alternatives: यज्ञ, प्रायश्चित्त (reserved exclusively for NT propitiation, Romans 3:25)
Original: אָשָׁם
Category: Temple Worship

Ezra 10:19. Carries the same बलि-vocabulary syncretism risk flagged for होमबलि; requires the same standing translator note distinguishing this once-for-all Mosaic-covenant sacrificial system, fulfilled in Christ, from any ongoing meritorious ritual-offering practice.

Sacrifice General

Approved rendering: बलिदान
Transliteration: balidāna
Doctrine: Restoration of the Sacrificial System
Rejected alternatives: यज्ञ (forbidden), प्रायश्चित्त (reserved for NT propitiation)
Original: זֶבַח / קָרְבָּן
Category: Temple Worship

General sacrificial vocabulary spanning Ezra 3, 6, 8, and 10 (זֶבַח/קָרְבָּן). REUSE-adjacent to the baseline’s living_sacrifice caution; apply the same बलि/यज्ञ guardrail across all Ezra offering-vocabulary.

Medium Risk Terms

Mercy

Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Mercy of God / Thanksgiving and Liturgical Memory

Inherited from Romans package. Kept distinct from अनुग्रह (grace). Ezra extension: used to render the liturgical refrain ‘his chesed endures forever’ (Ezra 3:11, see new term mercy_endures_forever). दया is somewhat thinner than Hebrew chesed’s full covenant-loyalty, promise-keeping sense; supplement with a covenant-faithfulness teaching note rather than coining a new term.

Israel

Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāela
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles / Davidic Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Ezra extension: used in the full covenant-name temple formula יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (Ezra 1:3, see new term house_of_the_lord_god_of_israel), narrowing from the diplomatically broad ‘God of heaven’ title to YHWH’s covenant-particular identity.

Kingdoms Of The Earth

Approved rendering: पृथ्वी के सब राज्य
Transliteration: pṛthvī ke saba rājya
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Rejected alternatives: बहुत से राज्य (many kingdoms, softens totality), महान राज्य (great kingdoms)
Original: כֹּל מַמְלְכוֹת הָאָרֶץ
Category: Sovereignty

Ezra 1:2. Must not be softened; retain the totality claim consistent with the baseline’s rule against softening universality claims.

Commissioned Charged

Approved rendering: मुझे यह भार सौंपा है
Transliteration: mujhe yaha bhāra sauṅpā hai
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Rejected alternatives: बुलाहट, बुलाए हुए (both reserved for effectual calling/salvation and ministry)
Original: פָקַד עָלַי
Category: Sovereignty

Ezra 1:2 (פָקַד עָלַי). Cyrus is providentially commissioned for a task, not savingly called; must not conflate with the baseline’s called/calling vocabulary.

Go Up To Jerusalem

Approved rendering: यरूशलेम को जाना / ऊपर जाना
Transliteration: Yarūśalema ko jānā
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: यात्रा, तीर्थयात्रा (merit-earning pilgrimage)
Original: יַעַל (root עלה)
Category: Restoration

Ezra 1:3,11; 7:6,9,28; 8:1 (root עלה). Avoid Hindu pilgrimage vocabulary; this is a commissioned, grace-grounded, prophecy-fulfilling return, not a meritorious pilgrimage undertaken on the worshipper’s own initiative. A brief teaching note on the ‘going up’ idiom is recommended at first occurrence.

Freewill Offering

Approved rendering: स्वेच्छा-भेंट
Transliteration: svecchā-bheṇṭa
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: बलि, यज्ञ
Original: נְדָבָה
Category: Worship

Ezra 1:4,6; 2:68; 3:5; 8:28. Monetary/material construction gift, not a cultic sacrifice; a light note distinguishing this from votive offerings made to a deity in exchange for a favor is worthwhile — giving follows the promise, it does not purchase it.

Priests

Approved rendering: याजक
Transliteration: yājaka
Doctrine: Priesthood and the Levitical Order
Rejected alternatives: पुरोहित, पंडित
Original: כֹּהֲנִים
Category: Priesthood

Ezra 1:5; 2:36-39; 3:2; 6:18; 7:1-5; 8:15; 9:1; 10:5,18. Never पुरोहित/पंडित (Hindu ritual-specialist collision).

Levites

Approved rendering: लेवी
Transliteration: Levī
Doctrine: Priesthood and the Levitical Order
Original: לְוִיִּם
Category: Priesthood

Ezra 1:5; 2:40-42; 3:8-9; 6:18; 8:15-19; 9:1; 10:5,15,23. Hereditary-office logic parallels Brahmin/priestly-caste structures superficially; flag for pastoral/native speaker review each time so it is not read as validating caste-based hereditary religious status.

Vessels Of The House Of The Lord

Approved rendering: यहोवा के भवन के पात्र
Transliteration: Yahowā ke bhavana ke pātra
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Original: כְּלֵי בֵית־יְהוָה
Category: Temple Worship

Ezra 1:7-11; 5:14-15; 6:5; 8:25-30. Comprehension risk (unfamiliar sacred-implement concept), not doctrinal collision.

Prince Leader

Approved rendering: प्रधान / नायक
Transliteration: pradhāna / nāyaka
Doctrine: Community Structures of the Restored People
Original: נָשִׂיא
Category: Administrative

Ezra 1:8 (Sheshbazzar). Keep distinct from the baseline’s explicit royal/messianic titles (e.g., यीशु का राजत्व) to avoid overstating Sheshbazzar’s typological weight.

Assembly Congregation

Approved rendering: सभा / मण्डली
Transliteration: sabhā / maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Community Structures of the Restored People
Original: קָהָל
Category: Community

Ezra 2:64; 10:1,8,12. Both words are used generically in Hindu religious contexts (सत्संग सभा etc.); context must establish this as the specific covenant-restoration assembly.

Governor

Approved rendering: अधिपति / हाकिम
Transliteration: adhipati / hākima
Doctrine: Community Structures of the Restored People
Original: הַתִּרְשָׁתָא / פֶּחָה
Category: Administrative

Ezra 2:63; 5:3,6,14; 6:6-7,13. Distinct entry from the baseline’s शासन के अधिकारी (Romans 13, governing_authorities) — do NOT merge; Ezra’s governor figures actively serve the restoration project rather than representing potentially hostile civil power.

Urim Thummim

Approved rendering: ऊरीम और तूमीम
Transliteration: Ūrīma aura Tūmīma
Doctrine: Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Original: אוּרִים וְתוּמִּים
Category: Priesthood

Ezra 2:63 (cf. Exodus 28:30). Untranslatable priestly oracle-objects; comprehension risk only, requires explanatory teaching note.

Feast Of Tabernacles

Approved rendering: झोपड़ियों का पर्व
Transliteration: jhopaḍiyoṅ kā parva
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Original: חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת
Category: Temple Worship

Ezra 3:4. Comprehension risk (unfamiliar festival), not doctrinal collision; explanatory note tying to the exodus-wilderness narrative recommended at first occurrence.

Mercy Endures Forever

Approved rendering: उसकी दया सदा की है
Transliteration: usakī dayā sadā kī hai
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Liturgical Memory
Original: כִּי־טוֹב כִּי לְעוֹלָם חַסְדּוֹ
Category: God

Ezra 3:11 (כִּי־טוֹב כִּי לְעוֹלָם חַסְדּוֹ). दया reused from baseline mercy entry, thinner than chesed’s covenant-loyalty sense; supplement with a covenant-faithfulness teaching note.

Decree Dat

Approved rendering: राजादेश / आदेश
Transliteration: rājādeśa / ādeśa
Doctrine: Civil Authority and the Law of God versus the Law of the King
Rejected alternatives: व्यवस्था (reserved exclusively for Mosaic Law)
Original: דָּת
Category: Administrative

Ezra 4:8-23; 6:1-12; 7:12-26. Must be kept visibly distinct from व्यवस्था — दात/dat is a royal decree, never Torah.

Dedication Of Temple

Approved rendering: समर्पण
Transliteration: samarpaṇa
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Original: חֲנֻכָּה (verbal form at 6:16-17)
Category: Temple Worship

Ezra 6:16-17. Standard dedication vocabulary; context (a building’s formal inauguration, not personal devotional-surrender) should be made clear given समर्पण’s bhakti-devotional resonance.

Passover

Approved rendering: फसह
Transliteration: Phasaha
Doctrine: Restoration of the Sacrificial System
Original: פֶּסַח
Category: Temple Worship

Ezra 6:19-20. Established transliteration; positive teaching opportunity to connect forward to Christ as fulfillment (1 Corinthians 5:7).

Feast Of Unleavened Bread

Approved rendering: अख़मीरी रोटी का पर्व
Transliteration: akhamīrī rotī kā parva
Doctrine: Restoration of the Sacrificial System
Original: חַג הַמַּצּוֹת
Category: Temple Worship

Ezra 6:22. Comprehension risk only; minimal doctrinal collision.

Scribe

Approved rendering: शास्त्री
Transliteration: śāstrī
Doctrine: Scribal Ministry and Teaching Authority
Original: סֹפֵר
Category: Scripture

Ezra 7:6,11-12,21. Established Hindi Christian/biblical term but overlaps the title of a Hindu scholar-expert in the शास्त्र (Vedic/Hindu scripture corpus); context must anchor Ezra’s expertise specifically to व्यवस्था (Mosaic law), a wholly distinct textual authority.

Prepared Heart To Seek Law

Approved rendering: अपने मन को व्यवस्था खोजने के लिये तैयार किया
Transliteration: apane mana ko vyavasthā khojane ke liye taiyāra kiyā
Doctrine: Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Original: הֵכִין לְבָבוֹ לִדְרוֹשׁ אֶת־תּוֹרַת יְהוָה
Category: Scripture

Ezra 7:10. व्यवस्था reused exact; straightforward devotional-discipline language, low collision.

Iniquities Higher Than Heads

Approved rendering: हमारे अपराध हमारे सिर से ऊँचे हो गए हैं
Transliteration: hamāre aparādha hamāre sira se ūṅce ho gae haiṅ
Doctrine: Corporate Confession and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म (baseline-rejected for ‘sin’)
Original: עֲוֹנֹתֵינוּ רָבוּ לְמַעְלָה רֹּאשׁ
Category: Repentance

Ezra 9:6. Idiom for overwhelming accumulated guilt; अपराध is the safer lexical choice, consistent with guilt_trespass_ashmah.

Peg In Holy Place

Approved rendering: पवित्रस्थान में खूँटा/मेख
Transliteration: pavitrasthāna meṅ khūṅṭā/mekha
Doctrine: Remnant Theology
Original: יָתֵד בִּמְקוֹם קָדְשׁוֹ
Category: Grace

Ezra 9:8. Concrete agrarian-building metaphor, intelligible in the Indian context; a secure foothold granted by grace despite the community’s guilt, not earned by the remnant’s own faithfulness.

Oath

Approved rendering: शपथ
Transliteration: śapatha
Doctrine: Confession and Corporate Repentance
Original: שְׁבוּעָה / הִשְׁבִּיעַ
Category: Repentance

Ezra 10:5. Standard Hindi vocabulary (शपथ ग्रहण common in civic and religious contexts alike); mainly a register/formality concern.

Assembly Of Trembling

Approved rendering: कांपती हुई सभा
Transliteration: kāṅpatī huī sabhā
Doctrine: Confession and Corporate Repentance
Original: קְהִלַּת הַחֲרָדָה / חֲרָדָה
Category: Repentance

Ezra 10:9. Descriptive emotional-state vocabulary; embodied, communal nature of the repentance narrative.

Jeshua High Priest

Approved rendering: यशूअ
Transliteration: Yaśūa
Doctrine: Proper Name / Priesthood and the Levitical Order
Rejected alternatives: यीशु (reserved exclusively for Christ)
Original: יֵשׁוּעַ
Category: Proper Name

Ezra 2:2; 3:2,8-9; 4:3; 5:2; 10:18. This OT figure’s Hebrew name is etymologically identical to Jesus’ own name. Hindi tradition distinguishes them by using यशूअ for the OT priest and यीशु exclusively for Christ. Flag for native speaker review at every occurrence to avoid reader confusion.

Low Risk Terms

Prophet

Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture / Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी

Inherited from Romans package. Ezra extension: used of Haggai and Zechariah (Ezra 5:1; 6:14), who prompt the resumption of the stalled temple work — Scripture as living, active prompting, not merely archived text.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल

Inherited from Romans package. Ezra extension: the book’s opening frame (Ezra 1:1) explicitly ties Cyrus’s decree to Jeremiah’s prior, named, datable prophecy — linear historical fulfillment, never cyclical yuga-repetition.

Heads Of The Fathers

Approved rendering: पितरों के मुख्य पुरुष
Transliteration: pitaroṅ ke mukhya puruṣa
Doctrine: Community Structures of the Restored People
Original: רָאשֵׁי הָאָבוֹת
Category: Community

Ezra 1:5; 2:68; 8:1. Watch for the ancestor-veneration (श्राद्ध, पितृ-पूजा) overtone of पितर in colloquial Hindi; context must clarify these are living clan leaders, not deceased ancestors.

Strengthened Hands

Approved rendering: हाथों को मजबूत किया
Transliteration: hāthoṅ ko majabūta kiyā
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Original: חִזְּקוּ בִידֵיהֶם
Category: Community

Ezra 1:6. A natural equivalent Hindi idiom exists (हाथ मजबूत करना); minimal risk.

Treasurer

Approved rendering: खजांची
Transliteration: khajāṅcī
Doctrine: Accountability and Stewardship of Sacred Resources
Original: גִּזְבָּר
Category: Administrative

Ezra 1:8; 7:21. Purely administrative vocabulary.

Nethinim

Approved rendering: नतीनीम
Transliteration: Natīnīma
Doctrine: Priesthood and the Levitical Order
Original: נְתִינִים
Category: Temple Worship

Ezra 2:43-58,70; 7:7,24; 8:17,20. Requires explanatory gloss (‘those given/dedicated to temple service’) at first use; positive teaching opportunity anticipating the Unity of Jews and Gentiles trajectory fulfilled in Christ.

Foundation

Approved rendering: नींव
Transliteration: nīṅva
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Original: יְסוֹד
Category: Restoration

Ezra 3:6-13. Standard architectural vocabulary; the pastoral point (mixed weeping and joy) is a teaching note, not a translation-risk item.

Adversaries

Approved rendering: विरोधी / शत्रु
Transliteration: virodhī / śatru
Doctrine: Divine Providence amid Opposition
Original: צָרֵי / אֹיְבֵי
Category: Opposition

Ezra 4:1. Standard vocabulary; no doctrinal collision.

Joy

Approved rendering: आनन्द
Transliteration: ānanda
Doctrine: Joy and Worship in Restoration
Original: שִׂמְחָה
Category: Worship

Ezra 3:12-13; 6:16,22. Standard vocabulary; note आनन्द’s bhakti-devotional resonance (e.g. सच्चिदानन्द) for light translator awareness only — not a real collision here given clear covenant-worship context.

Weighed Vessels

Approved rendering: तौला / नाप-जोख की
Transliteration: taulā / nāpa-jokha kī
Doctrine: Accountability and Stewardship of Sacred Resources
Original: וָאֶשְׁקֲלָה
Category: Administrative

Ezra 8:24-34. Administrative-accountability vocabulary; valuable teaching point on financial integrity in ministry, no doctrinal collision.

Cyrus

Approved rendering: कुस्रू
Transliteration: Kusrū
Doctrine: Proper Name
Rejected alternatives: कुरुष (secular-history transliteration)
Original: כֹּרֶשׁ
Category: Proper Name

Ezra 1:1-4. Established BSI OV form; use consistently for Bible-tradition alignment.

Darius

Approved rendering: दारा
Transliteration: Dārā
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: דָּרְיָוֶשׁ
Category: Proper Name

Ezra 6:1-12. Established Hindi Bible form.

Artaxerxes

Approved rendering: अर्तक्षत्र
Transliteration: Artakṣatra
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא
Category: Proper Name

Ezra 4:7-23; 7:1-26. Established Hindi Bible form.

Nebuchadnezzar

Approved rendering: नबूकदनेस्सर
Transliteration: Nabūkadanessara
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר
Category: Proper Name

Ezra 1:7; 2:1; 5:12,14; 6:5. Established Hindi transliteration form, matching broader Hindi OT usage.

Zerubbabel

Approved rendering: जरुब्बाबेल
Transliteration: Jarubbābela
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: זְרֻבָּבֶל
Category: Proper Name

Ezra 2:2; 3:2,8; 4:2-3; 5:2. Established Hindi Bible form.

Sheshbazzar

Approved rendering: शेशबज्जर
Transliteration: Śeśabajjara
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר
Category: Proper Name

Ezra 1:8,11; 5:14,16. Established Hindi Bible form.

Haggai

Approved rendering: हाग्गै
Transliteration: Hāggai
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: חַגַּי
Category: Proper Name

Ezra 5:1; 6:14. Established Hindi Bible form.

Zechariah Prophet

Approved rendering: जकर्याह
Transliteration: Jakaryāh
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: זְכַרְיָה
Category: Proper Name

Ezra 5:1; 6:14. Established Hindi Bible form; distinct from other biblical Zechariahs — context should disambiguate if needed.

Ezra Scribe

Approved rendering: एज्रा
Transliteration: Ejrā
Doctrine: Proper Name / Scribal Ministry and Teaching Authority

Ezra 7:1-10; chs. 7-10 throughout. Established Hindi Bible form.

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