Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 1 John
English → Manipuri | Phase 1, Step 1
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning 1 John chapters 1–5. Terms marked [BASELINE] are recorded exactly as in the Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed for the first time in this curriculum and must be entered into translation memory (with version increment) before Phase 2 processing begins, per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md. Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions (Critical/High/Medium/Low).
Reused Baseline Terms (No Change Permitted)
| English Term | Greek | Manipuri | Transliteration | Risk | Governing Doctrine(s) in 1 John | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | তেংবাং মপু | Tengban Mapu | Critical | God is Light and God is Love | [BASELINE] |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | জিসু | Jisu | Critical | Incarnation and Antichrist; Assurance | [BASELINE] |
| Christ | Χριστός | ক্রিস্তো | Christo | Critical | Incarnation and Antichrist | [BASELINE] |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | তেংবাং মপুগী মচানুপা | Tengban Mapugi machanupa | Critical | Incarnation and Antichrist; Assurance | [BASELINE] |
| Father | πατήρ | ইপা | Ipa | Critical | Fellowship with God; Love of God | [BASELINE] |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ πνεῦμα (singular, divine) | থাওয়াই অসেংবা | Thawai Asengba | Critical | Fellowship with God; Testing the Spirits (contrast case) | [BASELINE] — bare থাওয়াই forbidden for this sense |
| faith / believe | πίστις / πιστεύω | থাজবা | thajaba | High | Assurance of Salvation; Overcoming the World | [BASELINE] |
| sin | ἁμαρτία | পাপ | pap | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | [BASELINE] |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক | achumba chatnabirak | Critical | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin; Advocate (2:1) | [BASELINE] |
| salvation (concept) | σωτηρία (concept; cf. σωτήρ) | অহানবা | ahanba | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | [BASELINE] |
| fellowship | κοινωνία | লোইনবা | loinaba | High (elevated from baseline Low for this curriculum) | Fellowship with God and One Another | [BASELINE, risk elevated] |
| holy | ἅγιος / ἁγνίζω (root) | অসেংবা | asengba | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin (purity) | [BASELINE] |
| law | νόμος (root for ἀνομία) | য়াথাং | yathang | Medium | Love for the Brethren (lawlessness contrast) | [BASELINE] |
| incarnation | ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο / “come in the flesh” (4:2) | মীওইগী মহৈ লৌবা | miwoigi mahai louba | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | [BASELINE] |
New Terms Required for 1 John
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Manipuri | Transliteration | Risk | Governing Doctrine(s) | Key Collision Risk | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| love (noun/verb) | ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω (agapē / agapaō) | নুংশিবা | nungshiba | Critical | God is Light and God is Love; Love for the Brethren | Vaishnava prema (Radha-Krishna romantic/devotional love, Ras Lila) | [NEW] |
| born of God / begotten | γεννάω, γεγέννηται (gennaō) | তেংবাং মপুদগী পোকপা | Tengban Mapudagi pokpa | Critical | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | পুনর্জন্ম (rebirth/reincarnation) — forbidden term reused from baseline | [NEW] |
| know (relational) | γινώσκω (ginōskō) | খংবা | khangba | Medium | Fellowship with God; Testing the Spirits | Loses Gk. γινώσκω/οἶδα distinction; flag for teaching note | [NEW] |
| manifested / revealed | φανερόω (phaneroō) | ফোংদোকপা | phongdokpa | Medium | Incarnation and Antichrist | Maibi trance “revelation” claims | [NEW, reuses prophet root] |
| only Son / only-begotten | μονογενής (monogenēs) | অমা খক্তবা মচানুপা | ama khaktaba machanupa | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | Krishna as one avatar among Vishnu’s recognized sequence | [NEW] |
| propitiation | ἱλασμός (hilasmos) | পাপ কোকহনবগী বলি | pap kokhanbagi bali | Critical | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Vaishnava temple বলি/naivedya offerings; Umang Lai appeasement offerings (Lai Haraoba) | [NEW] |
| Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | অহানবিরকপা | ahanbirakpa | High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | Vaishnava savior-figure delivering toward মোক্ষ | [NEW, built on baseline অহানবা] |
| confess (sin) | ὁμολογέω (homologeō) | ফোংনা হায়বা | phongna haiba | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Ritual purification declaration | [NEW] |
| confess (Christ’s identity) | ὁμολογέω (homologeō) | ফোংনা হায়বা | phongna haiba | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist; Assurance of Salvation | Must remain unambiguous re: full deity/incarnation | [NEW, same term, elevated risk by object] |
| forgive / forgiveness | ἀφίημι (aphiēmi) | ময়ামদা কোকপা | mayamda kokpa | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Must not collapse into ritual absolution without repentance | [NEW, drawn from baseline’s justification-entry precedent] |
| cleanse | καθαρίζω (katharizō) | পাপদগী শেংহনবা | papdagi shenghanba | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Baseline reserves শেং-root for ritual/physical cleanliness only | [NEW — flag for theologian review of root choice] |
| blood (of Jesus) | αἷμα (haima) | ঈ | i | Medium | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Umang Lai sacrificial blood-offering logic | [NEW] |
| truth | ἀλήθεια (alētheia) | অচুম্বা | achumba | High | Testing the Spirits; The Incarnation and Antichrist | Overlaps righteousness adjective root; competing truth-claims (Vaishnava scriptural authority, maibi oracular claims) | [NEW, noun use of baseline righteousness root] |
| world (moral system) | κόσμος (kosmos) | মালেম | malem | High | Overcoming the World | Must distinguish from created-world/nature reverence (Umang Lai groves) | [NEW] |
| overcome | νικάω (nikaō) | ন্গম্বা | ngamba | High | Overcoming the World | Ritual protective power via maibi/Umang Lai propitiation | [NEW] |
| spirit(s) (generic/tested, non-Holy-Spirit sense) | πνεῦμα (pneuma, plural/unspecified) | থাওয়াই (bare) | thawai | Critical (contextual-use rule) | Testing the Spirits | Must NOT be expanded to থাওয়াই অসেংবা here; opposite error also Critical | [NEW — contextual rule, not a fixed lexical choice] |
| test / discern (spirits) | δοκιμάζω (dokimazō) | চেকশিন য়েংবা | chekshin yengba | Critical | Testing the Spirits | Direct, biblically-grounded engagement with maibi trance-possession discernment | [NEW] |
| false prophet | ψευδοπροφήτης (pseudoprophētēs) | অতৈ ফোংদোকপা | atai phongdokpa | Medium | Testing the Spirits | Must not be a blanket label for the traditional মৈবা/মৈবী office; test is Christological content | [NEW] |
| antichrist | ἀντίχριστος (antichristos) | এন্টিক্রিস্তো | Antikristo | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | Must not flatten to generic evil-spirit/asura figure; specifically Christological denial | [NEW, transliterated per Christo pattern] |
| deny | ἀρνέομαι (arneomai) | থিনবা | thinba | High | The Incarnation and Antichrist | Tied to Sonship/Deity of Christ | [NEW] |
| eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος (zōē aiōnios) | লোমদবা হিংবা | lomdaba hingba | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | মোক্ষ; eternal nearness/absorption into Krishna (Vaikuntha/Goloka) | [NEW] |
| confidence / boldness | παρρησία (parrēsia) | চিংনবা লৈতবা | chingnaba leitaba | High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | Must not rest on ritual/devotional merit standing | [NEW] |
| fear (of judgment) | φόβος (phobos) | কিবা | kiba | Low-Medium | God is Light and God is Love (contrast) | Minor; note re: “fear of the LORD” tradition elsewhere in Scripture | [NEW] |
| torment / punishment | κόλασις (kolasis) | ৱাকৎপা | wakatpa | Low | Assurance of Salvation (contrast) | Minor; avoid this-worldly-misfortune misreading | [NEW] |
| perfect / made complete | τελειόω / τέλειος (teleioō / teleios) | মপুং ফাবা | mapung phaba | High | God is Light and God is Love; Fellowship with God | Ritual-purity completion; siddha-style devotional attainment | [NEW, reuses effectual-calling root] |
| brother / brethren | ἀδελφός (adelphos) | থাজবা ঈচিন-ঈনাও | thajaba ichin-inao | High | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | Yumnak (clan) kinship as primary identity category | [NEW] |
| children of God | τέκνα θεοῦ (tekna theou) | তেংবাং মপুগী মচা | Tengban Mapugi macha | High | Love for the Brethren; Assurance of Salvation | Same collision as baseline Adoption doctrine | [NEW, reuses মচা root] |
| lawlessness | ἀνομία (anomia) | য়াথাং য়াদবা | yathang yadaba | Medium | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Must not read as violation of impersonal cosmic order (ধর্ম) | [NEW] |
| devil / evil one / Satan | διάβολος / ὁ πονηρός (diabolos / ho ponēros) | সয়তান / অহুবা | Saitan / ahuba | High | The Incarnation and Antichrist; Overcoming the World | Populated, negotiable Umang Lai/ancestral spirit-world | [NEW] |
| advocate | παράκλητος (paraklētos, applied to Christ, 2:1) | ৱার শাংদোকপিবা | war shangdokpiba | Critical | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | Maiba/maibi ritual intermediary role with Umang Lai | [NEW] |
| anointing | χρῖσμα (chrisma) | থাওয়াই অসেংবাগী থৌনবা | Thawai Asengbagi thounaba | High | Testing the Spirits | অভিষেক (Vaishnava murti-consecration ritual) — explicitly rejected alternative | [NEW; অভিষেক REJECTED] |
| abide / remain (mutual indwelling) | μένω (menō) | লৈরকপা | leiraba | Critical | Fellowship with God and One Another | Sanamahi household-deity residency; maibi trance-possession | [NEW] |
| word / word of life | λόγος (logos) | ৱাহেই | wahei | High | The Incarnation and Antichrist | Must reinforce, not compete with, baseline Incarnation term | [NEW] |
| light | φῶς (phōs) | মংঙাল | mangngal | High | God is Light and God is Love | Ras Lila ceremonial divine-radiance staging (cf. baseline “glory” note) | [NEW] |
| darkness | σκοτία (skotia) | অমুক | amuk | Medium | God is Light and God is Love | Contrast term to light | [NEW] |
| walk / conduct | περιπατέω (peripateō) | চৎনবা | chatnaba | Low | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin (walking in light) | Reuses baseline righteousness-compound root | [NEW, low risk] |
| commandment (love command) | ἐντολή (entolē) | য়াথাং | yathang | Medium | Love for the Brethren; Fellowship with God | Reuse of baseline Law term risks Old-Covenant-law flavor for Christ’s love-command | [NEW, context-sensitive reuse] |
| witness / testimony | μαρτυρία / μαρτυρέω (martyria / martyreō) | সাক্ষী | sakshi | Medium | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | Maibi oracular “testimony” from trance | [NEW] |
| idols | εἴδωλον (eidōlon) | মুরুত্তি | murti | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist; God is Light and God is Love (exclusivity) | Vaishnava temple murti veneration; Umang Lai/ancestral consecrated images | [NEW — closing verse of the book; mandatory theologian review] |
| the true God | ὁ ἀληθινός (ho alēthinos) | অহোয়বা তেংবাং মপু | ahoiba Tengban Mapu | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist (Deity of Christ) | Capstone deity-of-Christ statement (5:20); must not be softened | [NEW] |
Risk Summary for 1 John New Terms
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 13 | Human theologian (mandatory) |
| High | 15 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 9 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 4 | Automated review |
Notes for Phase 2 Processing
- Contextual dual-use terms requiring verse-level (not term-level) rules: πνεῦμα (bare থাওয়াই for tested/generic/false spirits at 4:1,3 vs. full থাওয়াই অসেংবা for the Holy Spirit elsewhere) and ὁμολογέω (same Manipuri rendering ফোংনা হায়বা, but risk tier shifts from High to Critical depending on whether the confessed object is personal sin (1:9) or Christ’s identity (2:23; 4:2-3,15)).
- New terms proposed here that build on existing baseline roots (Savior on অহানবা; only Son on তেংবাং মপুগী মচানুপা; children of God on মচা; perfect/complete on মপুং ফাবা; law-root reuse for commandment and lawlessness) should be prioritized for confirmation with a Manipuri-speaking theologian before Phase 2, since morphological reuse assumes the underlying root remains theologically stable when recombined.
- Two terms carry an explicitly rejected alternative that must be recorded in translation memory as
alternatives_rejected: anointing (χρῖσμα) — reject অভিষেক; propitiation (ἱλασμός) — the compound itself uses বলি, which must always appear with its qualifying compound (পাপ কোকহনবগী বলি) and never as a bare, general-purpose sacrifice word in Christian usage, to avoid drifting toward generic Vaishnava/Sanamahi ritual-offering vocabulary. - 1 John 5:21 (idols) and 4:1-6 (testing the spirits) should be flagged as priority passages for human theologian and native-speaker joint review, given that they engage the most currently, actively practiced elements of Meitei religious life (murti veneration; maibi trance-mediation) more directly than any single passage in the Romans curriculum.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপু
Transliteration: Tengban Mapu
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Rejected alternatives: ঠাকুর (Krishna-specific Vaishnava devotional title, avoid as primary term), সানামাহি (Sanamahi household deity, never use as primary term for the biblical God)
Original: θεός
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unaltered. 1 John raises the stakes further because it grounds two of its defining ontological statements (‘God is light,’ 1:5; ‘God is love,’ 4:8) directly on this term.
Jesus
Approved rendering: জিসু
Transliteration: Jisu
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist; Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unaltered. 1 John 4:2-3’s incarnation test hinges on confessing this specific historical person as having come in the flesh, not an avatar-descent.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ক্রিস্তো
Transliteration: Christo
Doctrine: Messianic Promise; The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unaltered. 1 John uses confession of this identity (2:22) as the precise dividing line between true and false teachers.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী মচানুপা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi machanupa
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ; The Incarnation and Antichrist
Rejected alternatives: অবতার (avatar, an incarnate deity-descent understood in Manipuri Vaishnavism, explicit downgrade, rejected)
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unaltered. 1 John 4:15 and 5:5 make confession of this identity the salvation-defining test, parallel to Romans 10:9’s Lordship confession.
Father
Approved rendering: ইপা
Transliteration: Ipa
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unaltered.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই অসেংবা
Transliteration: Thawai Asengba
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another; Testing the Spirits (contrast case)
Rejected alternatives: bare থাওয়াই alone (a generic spirit/soul, extends to ancestral/Umang Lai nature-spirits in Sanamahi belief, never use without অসেংবা), শক্তি (a maibi’s oracular trance-power, never use)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ πνεῦμα
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unaltered, with a 1-JOHN-SPECIFIC VERSE-LEVEL EXCEPTION: at 4:1 and 4:3 the same Greek word πνεῦμα refers to generic/tested/potentially false spirits and must be rendered with bare থাওয়াই, NOT থাওয়াই অসেংবা. This is a verse-level rule, not a term-level one; see ‘spirits_tested’ entry.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক
Transliteration: achumba chatnabirak
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin; Advocate/Intercession of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম (avoid the broad Hindu-derived sense of cosmic/religious duty)
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unaltered. Applied both to Christ as advocate (‘Jesus Christ the righteous,’ 2:1) and as a mark of new birth (2:29-3:10).
Salvation
Approved rendering: অহানবা
Transliteration: ahanba
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: মোক্ষ (Vaishnava/Hindu liberation, never use), লাইনিং (union/absorption into a deity’s presence, never use as a stand-alone gloss for eternal salvation)
Original: σωτηρία (concept)
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unaltered. Conceptually present throughout though the noun itself is rare in 1 John (concept realized chiefly through ‘eternal life’ and ‘savior’).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: মীওইগী মহৈ লৌবা
Transliteration: miwoigi mahai louba
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Rejected alternatives: অবতার (NEVER use; Manipuri Vaishnavism’s Krishna-avatar devotion, expressed through the Ras Lila dance tradition, makes this the single highest-salience wrong word for Meitei readers)
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο / ‘come in the flesh’ (4:2)
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unaltered. 1 John 4:2-3 makes denial of this specific doctrine (‘Jesus Christ come in the flesh’) the very definition of antichrist — the baseline’s Critical warning finds its single most direct textual application here of either curriculum.
Love
Approved rendering: নুংশিবা
Transliteration: nungshiba
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love; Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Rejected alternatives: প্রেম/prema-register framing (the passionate, romanticized divine love between Krishna and Radha enacted in the UNESCO-recognized Ras Lila tradition; must never be assumed as the default reading of ‘God is love,’ 4:8, without explicit contrastive teaching)
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Fellowship
NEW TERM. নুংশিবা is the ordinary Meitei word for love/affection, correctly chosen over any borrowed devotional term, but sits directly beside Manipuri Vaishnavism’s highly developed prema theology. Because ‘God is love’ (4:8,16) is 1 John’s most quoted verse and নুংশিবা recurs roughly two dozen times across 4:7-21 alone, mandatory doctrinal exposition distinguishing agape (self-giving, willed, cross-shaped, proven at the cross, 4:10) from prema (romantic/erotic devotional love) is required at every core-passage occurrence, not merely a lexical gloss. Flagged in linguistic gap analysis as an open strategy question (glossary-default vs. first-occurrence qualifying compound) pending native-speaker testing.
Born Of God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুদগী পোকপা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapudagi pokpa
Doctrine: New Birth (Born of God); Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম (rebirth/reincarnation — FORBIDDEN, same severity tier as the baseline’s existing resurrection prohibition; casual English ‘born again/reborn’ usage sits dangerously close to this forbidden term)
Original: γεννάω, γεγέννηται
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. A completed, non-repeatable new-birth status evidenced by love for fellow believers (4:7) and by not persisting in sin as a lifestyle (3:9; 5:18). Must be explicitly added to the forbidden-substitution list alongside baseline’s resurrection/rebirth pair.
Only Begotten Son
Approved rendering: অমা খক্তবা মচানুপা
Transliteration: ama khaktaba machanupa
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: অবতার-sequence framing (Krishna as one avatar within a recognized sequence of Vishnu’s descents, rejected)
Original: μονογενής
Category: Christology
NEW TERM, built on baseline’s তেংবাং মপুগী মচানুপা root. Directly confronts avatar theology: μονογενής (4:9) asserts there is no sequence, no other, no second — must be taught explicitly, not left to be inferred from ‘Son of God’ alone.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: পাপ কোকহনবগী বলি
Transliteration: pap kokhanbagi bali
Doctrine: Propitiation (Christ’s Atoning Sacrifice); Universal Scope of Propitiation
Rejected alternatives: bare বলি (NEVER use unqualified; standard word for Vaishnava temple naivedya/বলি offerings and Umang Lai animal/food offerings at Lai Haraoba, both human-initiated appeasement of a deity of uncertain favor)
Original: ἱλασμός
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (2:2; 4:10). 1 John’s entire rhetorical point is the reverse of every attested regional ritual-offering use of বলি: God himself initiates and supplies the propitiation, before and apart from any human appeasement ritual. Must always appear in the full compound; this inversion must be explicitly taught at every occurrence.
Confession Of Christ
Approved rendering: ফোংনা হায়বা
Transliteration: phongna haiba
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist; Sonship of Christ
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Christology
NEW TERM, same Manipuri rendering as confession_of_sin (2:23; 4:2-3,15), but risk escalates to Critical here because the confessed object is Christ’s unique deity/incarnation, directly tied to the antichrist test. Phase 2 must apply the correct risk tier by verse object, not by lexical form.
Spirits Tested
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই
Transliteration: thawai
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: থাওয়াই অসেংবা (must NOT be expanded to full form here; verse-level exception applies ONLY at 4:1 and 4:3)
Original: πνεῦμα (plural, unspecified/tested)
Category: Spiritual Discernment
NEW TERM/VERSE-LEVEL RULE. Unlike the Holy Spirit sense elsewhere in 1 John (which always requires থাওয়াই অসেংবা in full), this plural, generic, tested-and-potentially-false use is correctly rendered with bare থাওয়াই. A misapplication in either direction is Critical-severity.
Test The Spirits
Approved rendering: থাওয়াইশিং চেকশিন য়েংবা
Transliteration: thawaishing chekshin yengba
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: δοκιμάζω
Category: Spiritual Discernment
NEW TERM (4:1). The single most direct engagement point in 1 John with a live Meitei religious practice: believers are commanded to test — not automatically trust or dismiss — spirit-claims, giving biblically-grounded footing for evaluating maibi trance-possession claims during Lai Haraoba. The stated test (4:2-3) is specifically Christological, not experiential or moral.
Antichrist
Approved rendering: এন্টিক্রিস্তো
Transliteration: Antikristo
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Rejected alternatives: generic evil-spirit/asura framing (comparable to a malevolent Umang Lai spirit or a demonic asura figure from Vaishnava mythology), rejected
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: Christology
NEW TERM, transliterated per the established ক্রিস্তো pattern (2:18,22; 4:3). Names this curriculum’s own doctrine; its precise biblical content is Christological denial (denying Jesus is the Christ and that he has come in the flesh), not moral evil or supernatural menace in general.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: লোমদবা হিংবা
Transliteration: lomdaba hingba
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: মোক্ষ (liberation from the rebirth cycle, never use), eternal absorption into/nearness to Krishna’s presence in Vaikuntha/Goloka framing, rejected
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (5:11-13,20; also 1:2; 2:25; 3:14-15). Names this curriculum’s own doctrine. Carries the same Critical-tier collision risk as baseline’s Salvation entry. 1 John’s distinctive present-possession emphasis (‘that you may know you have eternal life,’ 5:13) should be preserved as a positive answer to standing-anxiety otherwise attached to devotional-merit frameworks.
Advocate
Approved rendering: ৱার শাংদোকপিবা
Transliteration: war shangdokpiba
Doctrine: Advocate/Intercession of Christ
Rejected alternatives: maiba/maibi ritual-intermediary framing (the recognized ritual role between a community and the Umang Lai or ancestral spirits), rejected
Original: παράκλητος
Category: Christology
NEW TERM (2:1). Christ’s advocacy is not a ritual office performed by a human specialist but the risen, glorified Son’s own perpetual intercession, grounded in his own righteousness.
Abide
Approved rendering: লৈরকপা
Transliteration: leiraba
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Original: μένω
Category: Fellowship
NEW TERM, one of the highest-collision terms in the whole book (2:6,10,14,17,19,24,27,28; 3:6,9,14,17,24; 4:12-13,15-16). Must be distinguished from Sanamahi household-deity residency (Sanamahi resides within the household hearth/shrine, a spatial indwelling) and from maibi trance-possession (an ecstatic, involuntary, episodic possession by an Umang Lai deity). Divine indwelling in 1 John is continuous, relational/moral, and voluntary-covenantal — neither of these.
Idols
Approved rendering: মুরুত্তি
Transliteration: murti
Doctrine: Exclusive Worship and Rejection of Idols
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: God
NEW TERM (5:21), the book’s final sentence. The single most direct closing collision point for a Meitei audience: murti veneration is central and currently practiced in Manipuri Vaishnava temple worship, and consecrated representations are present in Sanamahi sacred-grove practice. MANDATORY joint human-theologian/native-speaker review; must be framed as an invitation to exclusive worship of তেংবাং মপু, not blanket cultural denunciation.
True God
Approved rendering: অহোয়বা তেংবাং মপু
Transliteration: ahoiba Tengban Mapu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ὁ ἀληθινός
Category: God
NEW TERM (5:20), the book’s capstone identification of Jesus Christ as ‘the true God and eternal life.’ One of the strongest single-verse assertions of Christ’s full deity in the New Testament; must be preserved with full force against any diminished, avatar-style, or merely-exalted-teacher Christology.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: থাজবা
Transliteration: thajaba
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life; Overcoming the World
Rejected alternatives: ভক্তি (bhakti, devoted loving worship, too specific to the Vaishnava devotional framework)
Original: πίστις / πιστεύω
Category: Faith
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unaltered. In 1 John paired with ‘knowing’ as complementary categories (4:16; 5:1); object of faith (Jesus as Son of God, 5:5) must remain explicit.
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unaltered. 1 John explicitly defines sin as lawlessness (3:4).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: লোইনবা
Transliteration: loinaba
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Fellowship
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, RISK ELEVATED from baseline’s Low to High for this curriculum: κοινωνία μετὰ τοῦ πατρός (1:3) directly names an aspiration both Vaishnava bhakti (intimate communion with Krishna) and Sanamahi Lai Haraoba ritual communion with the Umang Lai already offer under different vocabulary; must be taught as fellowship grounded in confessed sin (1:9) and walking in light (1:7), not ritual or devotional communion.
Holy
Approved rendering: অসেংবা
Transliteration: asengba
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin (purity); Walking in the Light
Rejected alternatives: শেংবা (physically clean, ritual-purity sense only)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unaltered. Root underlies the purification vocabulary of 1 John 3:3 (ἁγνίζω, see ‘purify’ entry).
Savior
Approved rendering: অহানবিরকপা
Transliteration: ahanbirakpa
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: Vaishnava savior-figure framing delivering a devotee toward মোক্ষ or eternal nearness to Krishna in Vaikuntha/Goloka, rejected
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (4:14), built directly on baseline’s অহানবা. Must be anchored to the specific historical sending event (‘the Father has sent the Son to be the Savior of the world’), not an ongoing devotional-deliverance relationship.
Confession Of Sin
Approved rendering: ফোংনা হায়বা
Transliteration: phongna haiba
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Sin
NEW TERM (1:9). Must convey a genuine, specific acknowledgment of sin to a personal God, not a generalized ritual purification declaration comparable to preparatory rites before Lai Haraoba or temple worship.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: ময়ামদা কোকপা
Transliteration: mayamda kokpa
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ἀφίημι
Category: Sin
NEW TERM (1:9), drawn from baseline’s existing precedent naming this exact phrase ‘forgiveness alone’ when distinguishing it from the fuller doctrine of justification. 1 John legitimately uses this narrower category as its primary term since it does not use δικαίωσις vocabulary. Must be taught paired with cleansing, both grounded in God’s own faithfulness and justice, not successful ritual performance.
Cleanse
Approved rendering: পাপদগী শেংহনবা
Transliteration: papdagi shenghanba
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: candidate অসেংবা-family compound (Option 2, e.g. an অসেংহনবা-adjacent phrasing) not yet adopted, pending native-speaker testing
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM (1:9), FLAGGED FOR THEOLOGIAN REVIEW: baseline explicitly reserves the শেং- root for physical/ritual cleanliness only, contrasted with অসেংবা for moral holiness. This is an open question (see linguistic gap analysis §3.2) that must be resolved with native-speaker testing before Phase 2 processing of 1:7-9.
Truth
Approved rendering: অচুম্বা
Transliteration: achumba
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits; Spirit of Truth and Spirit of Error; The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Faith
NEW TERM, noun use of the root already underlying baseline’s righteousness compound. Content-standard for testing spirits (4:6); overlaps with competing truth-claims (Vaishnava scriptural/guru authority, maibi oracular claims) — the biblical test remains Christological content, not source-prestige.
World System
Approved rendering: মালেম
Transliteration: malem
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: κόσμος (negative/moral sense)
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM, VERSE-LEVEL DUAL-SENSE RULE: negative moral-spiritual system opposed to God (2:15-17; 4:4-5; 5:19) versus the neutral created world as object of God’s saving love (4:9,14). Must not be read as devaluing the natural world honored through Umang Lai sacred-grove reverence. Flag every occurrence for a sense check.
Overcome
Approved rendering: ন্গম্বা
Transliteration: ngamba
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: νικάω
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM (4:4; 5:4-5). Victory is located specifically in faith in Jesus’s Sonship, not ritual protective power sought via maibi mediation or Umang Lai propitiation against misfortune, nor devotional attainment within bhakti practice.
Deny
Approved rendering: থিনবা
Transliteration: thinba
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist; Sonship of Christ
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Christology
NEW TERM (2:22-23). Directly tied to Sonship/Deity of Christ doctrine; the Johannine logic that denying the Son forfeits the Father must be preserved precisely.
Confidence Boldness
Approved rendering: চিংনবা লৈতবা
Transliteration: chingnaba leitaba
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life; Perfected Love Casts Out Fear
Original: παρρησία
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (2:28; 3:21; 4:17; 5:14). Must be distinguished from ritual boldness earned by successfully placating the Umang Lai or by accumulated bhakti-devotional merit; this confidence rests entirely on being ‘as he is’ (Christ’s own standing).
Perfected Love
Approved rendering: মপুং ফাবা
Transliteration: mapung phaba
Doctrine: Perfected Love Casts Out Fear; God is Light and God is Love
Original: τελειόω / τέλειος
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM (4:12,17-18), reuses the root already used in baseline’s effectual-calling doctrine name (মপুং ফাবা কৌবা). Must be taught as the Spirit’s ongoing relational work of maturing love, not a ritual-purity completion status nor an esoteric siddha-like spiritual-attainment stage within bhakti or yogic frameworks.
Brother
Approved rendering: থাজবা ঈচিন-ঈনাও
Transliteration: thajaba ichin-inao
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Fellowship
NEW TERM (2:9-11; 3:10-17; 4:20-21), built on the ordinary Meitei kinship term ঈচিন-ঈনাও. Central to this curriculum’s named doctrine; traditional Meitei identity runs strongly through clan (yumnak) lineage, so the church as a new, faith-based sibling-family crossing yumnak and contemporary inter-community lines must be taught explicitly.
Children Of God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী মচা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi macha
Doctrine: Children of God / Adoption
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ
Category: Fellowship
NEW TERM (3:1-2,10; 5:1-2), built on baseline’s মচা root from the Adoption doctrine. Full inheritance-rights child-status is not a settled category in traditional yumnak (clan) kinship, where inheritance runs through birth lineage; must be taught explicitly, not assumed to transfer automatically from the Romans curriculum.
Devil
Approved rendering: সয়তান
Transliteration: Saitan
Doctrine: The Devil as a Defeated, Personal Enemy; Overcoming the World
Original: διάβολος / ὁ πονηρός
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM (3:8-10; 4:4; 5:18-19), transliterated. Must be taught as a specific, personal, morally responsible, already-defeated enemy, not one troublesome spirit among the populated Meitei spirit-world (an Umang Lai malevolent nature-spirit or wandering ancestral spirit) that might be ritually placated or negotiated with.
Anointing
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই অসেংবাগী থৌনবা
Transliteration: Thawai Asengbagi thounaba
Doctrine: Anointing of the Holy Spirit (Teaching Ministry)
Rejected alternatives: অভিষেক (the standard regional term for ceremonial murti-consecration/bathing of a Vaishnava temple deity-image with milk and oil, EXPLICITLY REJECTED)
Original: χρῖσμα
Category: Spiritual Discernment
NEW TERM (2:20,27), built on baseline’s Holy Spirit term. অভিষেক would suggest the Spirit’s teaching ministry is a temple-consecration ritual performed on believers rather than the Spirit’s own indwelling instructional work. Root choice (থৌনবা) should be confirmed with a Manipuri-speaking theologian before wide deployment.
Word Of Life
Approved rendering: হিংবগী ৱাহেই
Transliteration: hingbagi wahei
Doctrine: Eyewitness Testimony and Apostolic Witness; The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: λόγος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Christology
NEW TERM (1:1-2). Must reinforce, not compete with, baseline’s Incarnation term; the eyewitness, tactile emphasis (‘heard…seen…touched’) is 1 John’s own strongest anti-docetic argument and must be preserved with full physical concreteness.
Light
Approved rendering: মংঙাল
Transliteration: mangngal
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: φῶς
Category: God
NEW TERM (1:5-7; 2:8-11). Must be kept distinct from the ceremonial visual splendor of Ras Lila staging, explicitly designed to evoke Krishna’s own divine radiance for worshippers — this is a defining ontological claim about God’s essence, not incidental imagery.
Medium Risk Terms
Law
Approved rendering: য়াথাং
Transliteration: yathang
Doctrine: Sin as Lawlessness; Love for the Brethren (lawlessness contrast)
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম (avoid the Hindu-derived religious-duty sense)
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, unaltered. Root reused for ‘lawlessness’ (ἀνομία, 3:4) and, context-sensitively, for ‘commandment’ (ἐντολή, 2:7-11; 3:23; 4:21) — see ‘lawlessness’ and ‘commandment’ entries below.
Know Relational
Approved rendering: খংবা
Transliteration: khangba
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another; Testing the Spirits
Original: γινώσκω
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. Greek distinguishes γινώσκω (relational/experiential) from οἶδα (settled/factual knowledge); Manipuri খংবা does not preserve this distinction natively. Recommend a translator’s note wherever doctrinally load-bearing (2:3-4; 3:2; 5:13).
Manifested
Approved rendering: ফোংদোকপা
Transliteration: phongdokpa
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist; Eyewitness Testimony and Apostolic Witness
Original: φανερόω
Category: Christology
NEW TERM, reuses the verbal root already established for baseline’s ‘prophet’ term (তোঙান তোঙানবা ফোংদোকপা). Must convey a definitive historical disclosure (1:2; 3:5,8; 4:9), not an ongoing mystical self-revelation of the type a maibi might claim during Lai Haraoba trance.
Blood Of Christ
Approved rendering: ঈ
Transliteration: i
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: αἷμα
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (1:7). Christ’s blood as the unique, once-for-all basis of cleansing must be distinguished from Umang Lai sacrificial blood-offering logic; cross-reference required with ‘propitiation’ entry.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: অতৈ ফোংদোকপা
Transliteration: atai phongdokpa
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: blanket use as a label for the traditional মৈবা/মৈবী office, rejected
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Spiritual Discernment
NEW TERM (4:1), built on baseline’s prophet root with ‘false/counterfeit’ prefixed. The biblical test is Christological content, not simply occupying a non-Christian religious role; must not be used as a blanket accusation against a specific traditional office.
Fear Of Judgment
Approved rendering: কিবা
Transliteration: kiba
Doctrine: Perfected Love Casts Out Fear
Original: φόβος
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM (4:18). Not a blanket rejection of all reverent ‘fear of the Lord’ language found elsewhere in Scripture, but specifically the dread of condemnation that mature love displaces; a brief translator’s note is advisable.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: য়াথাং য়াদবা
Transliteration: yathang yadaba
Doctrine: Sin as Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম-style impersonal cosmic-order framing, rejected
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
NEW TERM (3:4), built on baseline’s Law term. Defines sin relationally against God’s revealed will (য়াথাং), reinforcing baseline’s explicit rejection of ধর্ম vocabulary.
Darkness
Approved rendering: অমুক
Transliteration: amuk
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: σκοτία
Category: God
NEW TERM (1:5-7; 2:8-11), contrast term to light. Moderate risk of being read as a this-worldly misfortune category (addressed by a maiba) rather than moral-spiritual estrangement from God.
Commandment
Approved rendering: য়াথাং
Transliteration: yathang
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth; Fellowship with God and One Another
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM (2:7-11; 3:23; 4:21), reuses baseline’s Mosaic-Law term য়াথাং. Defensible since both denote authoritative divine command, but risks importing an Old-Covenant-law flavor into Christ’s relational, love-defining command. A Phase 2 translator’s note distinguishing ‘the commandment to love’ from ‘the Law of Moses’ is recommended wherever this occurs.
Witness Testimony
Approved rendering: সাক্ষী
Transliteration: sakshi
Doctrine: Threefold Witness and Assurance via Testimony
Original: μαρτυρία / μαρτυρέω
Category: Faith
NEW TERM (1:2; 4:14; 5:6-11), drawing on the widely used regional loan সাক্ষী. Must convey authoritative eyewitness/apostolic testimony to a historical, once-for-all event, not the oracular ‘testimony’ claimed by a maibi speaking from trance.
Judgment Day
Approved rendering: ৱার য়াদবগী নুমিৎ
Transliteration: war yadabagi numit
Doctrine: Perfected Love Casts Out Fear
Original: ἡμέρα τῆς κρίσεως / κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM (4:17). Must be kept as a personal, moral, forensic day of reckoning before God, not conflated with impersonal fate.
Purify
Approved rendering: অসেংহনবা
Transliteration: asenghanba
Doctrine: Children of God / Adoption
Original: ἁγνίζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM (3:3), builds on the অসেংবা (holy) word-family. This self-purification is responsive to hope of Christ’s return, not the ritual precondition-purification undertaken before Lai Haraoba or temple worship.
Condemn
Approved rendering: ৱার য়াবা
Transliteration: war yaba
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: καταγινώσκω
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM (3:20-21). Related to the judgment/κρίσις vocabulary; risk that it could be read as a this-worldly verdict pronounced by a community ritual specialist rather than the individual conscience’s standing before God.
Sin Unto Death
Approved rendering: সিবদা চিংশিনবা পাপ
Transliteration: sibada chingshinba pap
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον
Category: Sin
NEW TERM (5:16-17). A difficult, debated phrase requiring pastoral care; render descriptively without embedding a specific interpretive commentary not clearly warranted by the Greek. Flag for theologian review; avoid a rendering that could be misheard as a this-worldly curse/misfortune category resembling Umang Lai taboo-violation consequences.
Liar
Approved rendering: লৌমী
Transliteration: loumi
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth; Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ψεύστης
Category: Sin
NEW TERM (1:10; 2:4,22; 4:20; 5:10). Ties to the book’s repeated test-by-consistency logic; moderate risk of being read merely as a social insult rather than a spiritual-diagnostic category.
Lay Down Life
Approved rendering: হিংবা পীথোকপা
Transliteration: hingba pithokpa
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν
Category: Fellowship
NEW TERM (3:16). Should avoid any accidental echo of ritual self-offering/self-mortification practice; the emphasis is substitutionary, sacrificial love for others, modeled directly on Christ’s own death.
Low Risk Terms
Torment
Approved rendering: ৱাকৎপা
Transliteration: wakatpa
Doctrine: Perfected Love Casts Out Fear
Original: κόλασις
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM (4:18). Minor collision risk of being misheard as this-worldly misfortune sent by an offended Umang Lai spirit rather than eschatological judgment; a brief contextual note suffices.
Walk Conduct
Approved rendering: চৎনবা
Transliteration: chatnaba
Doctrine: Walking in the Light (Sanctified Conduct)
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM (1:6-7; 2:6), reuses the etymological root already embedded in baseline’s righteousness compound. Good natural reuse; minimal collision risk.
Hate
Approved rendering: ৎহেংবা
Transliteration: thengba
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: μισέω
Category: Sin
NEW TERM (2:9-11; 3:15; 4:20), direct antonym of love. Standard vocabulary, low collision risk.
Lust Desire
Approved rendering: ওয়ানবা
Transliteration: wanaba
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM (2:16). Standard vocabulary, low collision risk.
Pride Boastfulness
Approved rendering: চাউথোকপা
Transliteration: chauthokpa
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: ἀλαζονεία
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM (2:16). Standard vocabulary, low collision risk.
Petition
Approved rendering: হায়জবা
Transliteration: haijaba
Doctrine: Confidence in Prayer / Answered Requests
Original: αἴτημα
Category: Faith
NEW TERM (5:15), reuses baseline’s intercession root. Low collision risk.
Compassion
Approved rendering: থমোইদা নুংঙাইতবা
Transliteration: thamoida nungngaitaba
Doctrine: Compassion and Practical Love
Original: σπλάγχνα
Category: Fellowship
NEW TERM (3:17). Natural Manipuri idiom locates compassion in the heart/mind rather than the Greek ‘bowels’; no doctrinal risk.
Heart
Approved rendering: থমোই
Transliteration: thamoi
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: καρδία
Category: Faith
NEW TERM (3:19-21), ordinary term for the seat of conscience/moral awareness before God. Low collision risk.
Water Witness
Approved rendering: ঈশিং
Transliteration: ishing
Doctrine: Threefold Witness and Assurance via Testimony
Original: ὕδωρ
Category: Faith
NEW TERM (5:6-8), referring to Christ’s baptism as part of the threefold witness. Historical referent to a specific past event; low collision risk but should be read together with blood/Spirit witness as testimony to a historical event, not ongoing revelatory phenomena.
Referenced passages