Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — James — English → Manipuri
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by chapter of first occurrence, with Manipuri rendering, transliteration, risk tier, and translation-risk notes. Terms marked [REUSED] carry the EXACT rendering already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed for this curriculum and require the review routing indicated (per the same tiers established in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json: Critical/High → human theologian; Medium → native speaker; Low → automated).
Terms marked [UNCONFIRMED LEXEME] carry additional lexical-confidence risk beyond doctrinal risk and require native-speaker confirmation before any Phase 2 deployment.
Chapter 1 Terms
| English | Greek (translit.) | Manipuri | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| servant/slave (of God) | doulos | মপুগী থবক তৌবা মিওই | Mapugi thabak touba miwoi | Medium | NEW | Not a temple/ritual servant role |
| trial / temptation | peirasmos / peirazō | চাংলবা | changlaba | High | NEW | Dual sense (test vs. entice-to-sin); requires context flag every occurrence; God tests but never tempts to sin (1:13) |
| testing/proving | dokimion | থাজবা চাংলবগী থৌদাং | thajaba changlabagi thoudang | Medium | NEW | The process of proving faith |
| steadfastness/endurance | hypomonē | খুদোংচাবা | khudongchaba | High | NEW | Active endurance under trial; not fatalistic resignation (never ৱাইফম) |
| perfect/complete/mature | teleios | মপুং ফাবা | mapung phaba | High | NEW (reuses baseline morpheme) | Reused morpheme from মপুংফাবা কৌবা/লান্থোকপা; not Vaishnava/Sanamahi ritual or spiritual “perfection” attainment |
| wisdom | sophia | লৌহুম | louhum | High | NEW | See Ch.3 full treatment |
| double-minded | dipsychos | থাওয়াই অনি | thawai ani | High | NEW | Risk of being heard as spirit-possession by two entities in Sanamahi framework; alternative descriptive phrasing should be considered |
| rich | plousios | মশক লৈবা মিওই | mashak leiba miwoi | Medium-High | NEW | Avoid merit/karma-desert framing of wealth |
| poor | ptōchos | মশক লৈতবা মিওই | mashak leitaba miwoi | Medium-High | NEW | Avoid merit/karma-desert framing of poverty |
| desire/lust | epithymia | পাম্বা | pamba | High | NEW | Disordered craving leading to sin; distinct from cultivated devotional longing |
| death | thanatos | সিবা | siba | Critical | NEW (reuses baseline root) | Same root family as সিবদগী হিংজত-লকপা; never rebirth-cycle framing |
| God (cannot be tempted with evil) | theos | তেংবাং মপু | Tengban Mapu | Critical | [REUSED] | Exact baseline rendering; unqualified moral perfection |
| word of truth | logos alētheias | অচুম্বা ৱারোল | achumba warol | Medium-High | NEW | Distinct from maibi trance utterance or Vaishnava scripture |
| implanted word | emphytos logos | হাপচিনবা ৱারোল | hapchinba warol | Medium-High | NEW | — |
| religion (true) | thrēskeia | থাজবগী চৎনবিরাক | thajabagi chatnabirak | Critical | NEW | Redefines “religion” away from ritual observance toward ethical practice; must never use শেংবা (ritual purity) or লাইনিং (devotional union), both reserved/forbidden per baseline |
| orphans | orphanos | অলগী মচা | alagi macha | Low | NEW | — |
| widows | chēra | লুহোংলবা নুপী | luhonglaba nupi | Low | NEW | — |
| world | kosmos | মালেম | malem | High | NEW | See Ch.4 full treatment |
| blessed | makarios | নুংঙাইবা | nungngaiba | Low-Medium | NEW (reuses baseline morpheme) | Reuses নুংঙাই- root from নুংঙাইবগী পাউ (gospel) |
| crown of life | stephanos tēs zōēs | হিংবগী লুচিং | hingbagi luching | Medium-High | NEW | Not an earthly/royal crown symbol tied to Pakhangba-descent kingship |
| Father of lights | patēr tōn phōtōn | মংহাওগী ইপা | manghaogi ipa | High | NEW (reuses ইপা) | Sanamahi cosmology’s account of the supreme uncreated deity (Atiya Guru Sidaba) as a being of primordial formless light gives this phrase real collision potential; must be taught as the personal, relational Father, not an impersonal cosmic light-principle |
Chapter 2 Terms
| English | Greek (translit.) | Manipuri | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| favoritism/partiality | prosōpolēmpsia | মমাই য়েংবা | mamai yengba | High | NEW | Sensitive given contemporary inter-community/clan dynamics in Manipur; ground in imago Dei, not political framing |
| royal law / law of liberty | basilikos nomos / nomos eleutherias | লেংবগী য়াথাং | lengbagi yathang | High | NEW (reuses য়াথাং) | Never ধর্ম-style cosmic duty; the moral law summarized in neighbor-love |
| law | nomos | য়াথাং | yathang | High | [REUSED] | Baseline term, exact reuse |
| mercy | eleos | চানবিবা | chanbiba | High | NEW | Distinguish from Vaishnava bhakti’s কৃপা/করুণা (devotee-responsive divine favor); this is an ethical mandate to imitate God’s compassion toward the poor |
| judgment | krisis | ৱায়েল | wayel | Medium | NEW | Positive cultural resonance (customary dispute-resolution term) but God’s judgment is final, not negotiated |
| faith | pistis | থাজবা | thajaba | High | [REUSED] | Baseline term, exact reuse; object of faith always contextually specified |
| works/deeds | erga | থবক | thabak | Critical | NEW | NEVER meritorious/salvation-earning; evidence and fruit of living faith only. Contrast with সেবা (Vaishnava devotional service accumulating merit) |
| dead (of faith) | nekra | সিবা | siba | High | NEW (reuses baseline root) | Metaphor of vitality, not literal death-rebirth |
| show/demonstrate | deiknymi | উৎপা | utpa | Medium-High | NEW | Works reveal faith; do not cause/earn it |
| justified/justification | dikaioō | অচুম্বা ওইহনবা | achumba oihanba | Critical | [REUSED — MANDATORY HARMONIZATION NOTE] | Baseline term reused; in James this is the demonstrative/vindicating sense, not the initial forensic sense of Romans — see Harmonization Note in 07_semantic_analysis.md |
| one God | heis theos | তেংবাং মপু (with numeral “one”) | Tengban Mapu | Critical | [REUSED] | Bare monotheistic assent insufficient for saving faith |
| demons | daimonia | অসুবা থাওয়াইশিং | asuba thawaishing | Critical | NEW | Must not be conflated with the venerated Umang Lai forest deities of Sanamahi practice |
| Abraham | Abraam | আব্রাহাম | Abraham | Low | NEW | Standard transliteration |
| Isaac | Isaak | ইসহাক | Ishak | Low | NEW | Standard transliteration |
| altar | thysiastērion | হুন কাৎপগী মফম | hun katpagi mafam | Medium | NEW | Distinct from Vaishnava/Sanamahi ritual offering sites |
| perfected/completed | teleioō | মপুং ফাবা | mapung phaba | High | NEW (reuses baseline morpheme) | Faith’s living expression, not its deficiency-until-supplemented |
| credited righteousness | elogisthē…eis dikaiosynēn | পীথোকপা অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক | pithokpa achumba chatnabirak | Critical | [REUSED] | Exact reuse of baseline “imputed_righteousness”; direct textual link to Romans 4:3 |
| friend of God | philos theou | তেংবাং মপুগী মরুপ | Tengban Mapugi marup | Critical | NEW | Must be distinguished from Gaudiya Vaishnavism’s sakhya bhāva (friendship-mode bhakti devotion to Krishna), an actively practiced devotional category in Manipur |
| called/named | kaleō | কৌখিবা | koukhiba | High | [REUSED] | Context-sensitive; here “named/designated,” distinct from calling-to-salvation sense |
| Rahab the prostitute | Rhaab hē pornē | রাহাব | Rahab | Medium | NEW | Paired with Abraham; reinforces no-favoritism doctrine across social extremes |
| messengers/spies | angeloi | থাবিরকপা মিওইশিং | thabirakpa miwoishing | Low-Medium | NEW | Context-sensitive; not heavenly angels here |
| body | sōma | হাক্চাং | hakchang | Low | NEW | Plain descriptive |
| spirit/breath (of the body) | pneuma | থাওয়াই | thawai | Critical | NEW (context-restricted use of baseline root) | Generic life-breath sense ONLY; must never be upgraded to থাওয়াই অসেংবা (Holy Spirit) in this context |
Chapter 3 Terms
| English | Greek (translit.) | Manipuri | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tongue | glōssa | লে | lei | Medium (doctrinal); High (lexical confidence) | NEW [UNCONFIRMED LEXEME] | Confirm against current printed Manipuri Bible before deployment |
| control/bridle | chalinagōgeō | লে থীংবা | lei thingba | Medium | NEW | Dependent on confirmation of লে |
| fire | pyr | মেই | mei | Medium | NEW | Metaphor for destructive speech |
| hell/Gehenna | geenna | নরক | naraka | Critical | NEW | Shared with Hindu/Vaishnava cosmology’s narak realms (which permit eventual release/rebirth); must be taught as fixed and final under God’s judgment |
| wisdom from above | sophia anōthen | মথাক্তগী লৌহুম | mathaktagi louhum | High | NEW | Central “Wisdom from Above” doctrine term |
| earthly wisdom | sophia epigeios | মালেমগী লৌহুম | malemgi louhum | High | NEW (reuses মালেম) | — |
| demonic wisdom | sophia daimoniōdēs | অসুবা থাওয়াইগী লৌহুম | asuba thawaigi louhum | Critical | NEW | Must not be heard as a verdict on maibi Lai Haraoba oracular practice as a whole office; describes character of wisdom (envy/strife), not a blanket condemnation |
| fruit of righteousness | karpos dikaiosynēs | অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক্কী মহৈ | achumba chatnabirakki mahei | Medium | NEW (reuses অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক + মহৈ) | মহৈ usefully echoes the baseline’s incarnation-compound use of the same root |
| likeness/image of God | eikōn theou | তেংবাং মপুগী মমাংদা শেমখিবা | Tengban Mapugi mamangda shemkhiba | High | NEW | Foundation of no-favoritism and no-cursing doctrines; universal anthropological claim, not a political statement about specific communities |
| curse | kataraomai | শিরাপ পীবা | shirap piba | Medium | NEW | — |
Chapter 4 Terms
| English | Greek (translit.) | Manipuri | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| friendship with the world | philia tou kosmou | মালেমগী মরুপ ওইবা | malemgi marup oiba | Critical | NEW | Deliberate literary contrast with “friend of God” (2:23); teach the pairing explicitly |
| enmity with God | echthra tou theou | তেংবাং মপুগী য়েক্লবা ওইবা | Tengban Mapugi yeklaba oiba | Critical | NEW | — |
| world | kosmos | মালেম | malem | High | NEW | Fallen human value-system, NOT the created natural order revered via Umang Lai groves |
| spirit (disputed: human/Holy) | pneuma | (ambiguous — do not default to থাওয়াই অসেংবা without committee review) | — | High | NEW — AMBIGUITY FLAG | James 4:5 is exegetically disputed; record alternatives_considered |
| grace (to the humble) | charis | মথৌ তাদনা পীবা তেংবাং | mathou tadana piba tengbang | Critical | [REUSED] | Exact baseline reuse mandatory |
| humble | tapeinos | মশক নোন্থাবা | mashak nonthaba | Medium | NEW | — |
| proud | hyperēphanos | মশক চাউহনবা | mashak chauhanba | Medium | NEW (reuses চাউবা) | — |
| the devil | diabolos | শয়তান | Shoytan | Critical | NEW | Distinct from Sanamahi ancestral/nature spirits and from Puranic asura-antagonist mythology |
| draw near to God | eggizō tō theō | তেংবাং মপুগী নক্তা লাকপা | Tengban Mapugi nakta lakpa | Medium | NEW | Relational, not ritual/spatial approach to a shrine |
| lawgiver | nomothetēs | য়াথাং পীবা মপু | yathang piba mapu | Medium | NEW (reuses য়াথাং) | God alone as ultimate lawgiver, distinct from Pakhangba-descent royal law-giving |
| providence (“if the Lord wills”) | (cf. pronoia) | তেংবাং মপুগী থৌরাং | Tengban Mapugi thourang | High | [REUSED] | Excellent cross-reference to Romans 8:28; never ৱাইফম (fate) |
| sin (of omission) | hamartia | পাপ | pap | High | [REUSED] | Extends to sins of omission; term itself unchanged |
Chapter 5 Terms
| English | Greek (translit.) | Manipuri | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the Lord’s coming (parousia) | parousia tou kyriou | মপু ইবুংগোগী হন্না লাক্লগদবা | Mapu Ibungogi hanna laklagadaba | Critical | NEW (reuses মপু ইবুংগো) | Must not be assimilated to the Vaishnava expectation of Kalki, Vishnu’s future/final avatar; a definite, personal, one-time, bodily return |
| patience/longsuffering | makrothymia | থমোইনা ঙাকপা | thamoina ngakpa | High | NEW | Distinct from ch.1’s হুপোমোনē/খুদোংচাবা (endurance under trial) |
| prophets (as example) | prophētai | তোঙান তোঙানবা ফোংদোকপা | tongan tonganba phongdokpa | Low-Medium | [REUSED] | — |
| Job | Iōb | যোব | Yob | Low | NEW | Standard transliteration |
| swear (an oath) | omnyō | ৱারী শাগৎপা | wari shagatpa | Medium | NEW | Must not reuse ৱারেপ্পা (covenant), a distinct reserved baseline term |
| sick | astheneō | অনাবা | anaba | Low-Medium | NEW | — |
| elders (of the church) | presbyteroi | অহলশিং | ahalshing | Medium | NEW | Distinct from village/clan elder councils and from maiba/religious-specialist roles |
| church | ekklēsia | কলিসিয়া | kalisiya | Medium | [REUSED] | Baseline term, exact reuse |
| anointing with oil | aleiphō elaiō | থাউনা ৎিংবা | thauna tingba | Critical | NEW | Highest collision risk in the book: distinct from maiba healing-ritual oil application and from Vaishnava abhisheka (ritual anointing of a deity’s image); efficacy rests on God answering faith-filled prayer, not on the oil or the elder’s personal power |
| oil | elaion | থাউ | thau | Low (lexical); High (doctrinal in context) | NEW | — |
| save/heal (the sick) | sōzō (physical sense) | অহানবা | ahanba | Critical | [REUSED — CONTEXT-SENSITIVE] | Baseline salvation term reused for physical healing sense; mandatory translator note distinguishing from eternal salvation |
| confess (sins) | exomologeō | পাপ ফোংদোকপা | pap phongdokpa | High | NEW (reuses ফোংদোকপা) | Mutual, congregational; no required ritual-specialist intermediary (contrast maibi/guru-mediated confession) |
| sin | hamartia | পাপ | pap | High | [REUSED] | — |
| the prayer of a righteous person (great power) | deēsis dikaiou energoumenē | থাজবগী হায়জবগী চাউবা পাংথোক্না | thajabagi haijabagi chauba pangthokna | High | NEW | Power belongs to God who answers, not to the prayer-formula itself (avoid mantra-like efficacy framing) |
| Elijah | Ēlias | এলিয়া | Eliya | Low-Medium | NEW | Not a siddha/miracle-guru figure |
| wander (from the truth) | planaō | অচুম্বা লম্বীদগী খেয়েংবা | achumba lambidagi kheyengba | Medium-High | NEW (reuses অচুম্বা) | — |
| turn back / restore | epistrephō | হন্না পুরকপা | hanna purakpa | Medium-High | NEW | — |
| save a soul from death | sōsei psychēn ek thanatou | থাওয়াই সিবদগী কান্দোকপা | thawai sibadagi kandokpa | High | NEW (reuses থাওয়াই generic + সিবা) | থাওয়াই here = generic soul/life, not Holy Spirit; সিবা = death, not rebirth |
| cover a multitude of sins | kalyptō hamartias | পাপ লিপ্পা | pap lippa | High | NEW | God’s actual forgiveness through restoration, not ritual concealment of unresolved guilt |
Doctrine Cross-Reference Summary (Nine Curriculum Doctrines)
| Doctrine | Primary Passages | Key Terms (this glossary) |
|---|---|---|
| Faith and Works | 2:14-26 | থাজবা, থবক, সিবা, অচুম্বা ওইহনবা, তেংবাং মপুগী মরুপ, পীথোকপা অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক |
| Trials and the Testing of Faith | 1:2-4, 1:12-15 | চাংলবা, খুদোংচাবা, মপুং ফাবা, পাম্বা, সিবা |
| Wisdom from Above | 1:5, 3:13-18 | লৌহুম, মথাক্তগী লৌহুম, মালেমগী লৌহুম, অসুবা থাওয়াইগী লৌহুম |
| Favoritism and the Poor | 1:9-11, 2:1-13 | মমাই য়েংবা, মশক লৈবা/লৈতবা মিওই, চানবিবা, ৱায়েল, তেংবাং মপুগী মমাংদা শেমখিবা |
| Taming the Tongue | 1:26, 3:1-12 | লে, লে থীংবা, মেই, নরক, শিরাপ পীবা |
| Worldliness versus Friendship with God | 1:27, 4:1-10 | মালেম, মালেমগী মরুপ ওইবা, তেংবাং মপুগী য়েক্লবা ওইবা, তেংবাং মপুগী মরুপ, শয়তান |
| Prayer and Healing | 5:13-18 | অনাবা, থাউনা ৎিংবা, অহানবা (physical sense), থাজবগী হায়জবগী চাউবা পাংথোক্না |
| Patience and the Lord’s Return | 5:7-11 | মপু ইবুংগোগী হন্না লাক্লগদবা, থমোইনা ঙাকপা, খুদোংচাবা (contrast) |
| Confession and Restoration | 5:16, 5:19-20 | পাপ ফোংদোকপা, হন্না পুরকপা, থাওয়াই সিবদগী কান্দোকপা, পাপ লিপ্পা |
Terms Requiring Confirmation Before Phase 2 Deployment
- লে (lei, “tongue”) — lexical confidence unconfirmed; verify against current printed Manipuri Bible (Ch. 3).
- থাওয়াই অনি (thawai ani, “double-minded”) — doctrinal collision risk with Sanamahi spirit-possession categories; consider a non-literal descriptive alternative (Ch. 1).
- তেংবাং মপুগী মরুপ (Tengban Mapugi marup, “friend of God”) — Critical; requires theologian sign-off given sakhya-bhakti collision (Ch. 2, cross-referenced Ch. 4).
- নরক (naraka, “hell”) — Critical; requires theologian sign-off given shared Hindu/Vaishnava cosmological usage (Ch. 3).
- মপু ইবুংগোগী হন্না লাক্লগদবা (“the Lord’s coming again”) — Critical; requires theologian sign-off given Kalki-avatar collision (Ch. 5).
- থাউনা ৎিংবা (“anointing with oil”) — Critical; requires theologian sign-off given maiba healing-ritual and Vaishnava abhisheka collision (Ch. 5).
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপু
Transliteration: Tengban Mapu
Doctrine: God’s Unchangeable, Impartial Character
Rejected alternatives: ঠাকুর (Krishna-devotional title, avoid as primary term), সানামাহি (never use as primary term for biblical God)
Inherited from Romans package. In James: foundational throughout — 1:13/1:17 (God cannot be tempted, Father of lights), 2:19 (bare monotheistic assent, ‘one God’), 2:23 (Abraham believed God), 4:6-10 (drawing near to God), 4:12 (God as sole lawgiver).
Lord
Approved rendering: মপু ইবুংগো
Transliteration: Mapu Ibungo
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Rejected alternatives: ঠাকুর (Krishna-devotional title, avoid to prevent framing Christ inside existing bhakti devotion)
Inherited from Romans package. In James: 1:1, 2:1 (‘Lord Jesus Christ’), 5:7-8 (‘the coming of the Lord’), 5:10-11 (the Lord’s compassion, illustrated by Job), 5:14-15 (anointing/prayer ‘in the name of the Lord’).
Jesus
Approved rendering: জিসু
Transliteration: Jisu
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Inherited from Romans package. In James: 1:1, 2:1.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ক্রিস্তো
Transliteration: Christo
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Inherited from Romans package. In James: 1:1, 2:1 (‘Lord Jesus Christ’).
Father
Approved rendering: ইপা
Transliteration: Ipa
Doctrine: God’s Unchangeable, Impartial Character
Inherited from Romans package. In James: 1:17 (‘Father of lights,’ see pater_photon_father_of_lights), 1:27 (true religion before ‘our God and Father’), 3:9 (God as Father, source of blessing), and of Abraham as ancestral ‘father’ (2:21) in a distinct, non-divine sense.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই অসেংবা
Transliteration: Thawai Asengba
Doctrine: Double-Mindedness and Single-Hearted Faith
Rejected alternatives: থাওয়াই alone (generic spirit/soul, never use without অসেংবা), শক্তি (maibi oracular trance-power, never use)
Inherited from Romans package. James never uses this full compound directly; James 2:26 (breath animating a body), 4:5 (disputed — human spirit or Holy Spirit), and 5:20 (soul rescued from death) all use the bare generic থাওয়াই root, which must NEVER be silently upgraded to this compound. See pneuma_breath_generic and pneuma_disputed_4_5.
Grace
Approved rendering: মথৌ তাদনা পীবা তেংবাং
Transliteration: mathou tadana piba tengbang
Doctrine: Humility and Pride Before God
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা (bhakti-responsive favor, avoid as primary term), পুণ্য (devotional merit, never use)
Inherited from Romans package. Quoted at James 4:6 (Proverbs 3:34, ‘God gives grace to the humble’). Exact reuse mandatory; must never collapse into bhakti’s দেবতা-responsive কৃপা, exactly as guarded in Romans.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক
Transliteration: achumba chatnabirak
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম (avoid Hindu-derived cosmic-duty sense)
Inherited from Romans package. In James: 3:18 (‘fruit of righteousness,’ see karpos_dikaiosynes_fruit_of_righteousness) and underlying James 2:23’s citation of Genesis 15:6.
Justification
Approved rendering: অচুম্বা ওইহনবা
Transliteration: achumba oihanba
Doctrine: Justification in James’s Demonstrative Sense
Rejected alternatives: ময়ামদা কোকপা (forgiveness alone, too narrow)
Inherited from Romans package. James 2:21, 2:24-25 reuse this identical phrase in a demonstrative/vindicating sense (public proof that professed faith is genuine and living), distinct from but harmonious with Romans’ initial forensic sense. MANDATORY HARMONIZATION NOTE required at every James occurrence — see dikaioo_justified_james below and doctrine_risk_registry.json’s ‘justification_demonstrative_sense’ entry.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: পীথোকপা অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক
Transliteration: pithokpa achumba chatnabirak
Doctrine: Justification in James’s Demonstrative Sense
Rejected alternatives: ফংলকপা অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক (earned righteousness, explicit rejected opposite)
Inherited from Romans package. James 2:23 quotes the identical Genesis 15:6 verse Romans 4:3 builds its entire justification-by-faith argument on — the clearest textual bridge between the two books. Abraham’s credited righteousness (by faith alone) preceded, by roughly twenty years, the Isaac-offering that later demonstrated it (James 2:21).
Salvation
Approved rendering: অহানবা
Transliteration: ahanba
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: মোক্ষ (Vaishnava/Hindu liberation, never use), লাইনিং (devotional union/absorption, never use)
Inherited from Romans package. In James: 1:21 and 2:14 (eternal sense — can a workless, merely verbal faith save?), 5:15 (physical-healing sense — ‘the prayer of faith will save the one who is sick’, see sozo_heal_physical), and 5:20 (soul rescued from death, see sosei_psychen_save_soul_from_death). Context-sensitive across all three; mandatory translator notes distinguishing senses required at 5:15 and 5:20.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: সিবদগী হিংজত-লকপা
Transliteration: sibadagi hingjat-lakpa
Doctrine: Sin’s Progression to Death
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম (rebirth/reincarnation, never use)
Inherited from Romans package. Not used as a direct verb in James, but its guarded সিব- root family recurs throughout James for ‘death’ (thanatos, nekra — see thanatos_death and nekra_dead_faith). Every James use of the সিব- root must be fenced from this term’s own carefully guarded non-rebirth distinction.
Thanatos Death
Approved rendering: সিবা
Transliteration: siba
Doctrine: Sin’s Progression to Death
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম (rebirth/reincarnation, never use)
Original: θάνατος
Category: Sin
Sin’s ultimate wage/outcome (1:15; cf. 5:20). Shares the সিব- root with the baseline’s Critical resurrection term; must be taught as separation from a personal God, never a transition point within a rebirth cycle.
Theos Impartial Character
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপু
Transliteration: Tengban Mapu
Doctrine: God’s Unchangeable, Impartial Character
Original: θεός (ἀπείραστός κακῶν)
Category: God
God’s unchangeable, morally perfect character: he cannot be tempted with evil and himself tempts no one (1:13). Must be taught plainly and without qualification against any framing in which the divine is morally ambivalent or ethically testable.
Threskeia True Religion
Approved rendering: থাজবগী চৎনবিরাক
Transliteration: thajabagi chatnabirak
Doctrine: True Religion as Practical, Ethical Faith
Rejected alternatives: শেংবা (ritual purity, reserved by baseline, never use), লাইনিং (devotional union, reserved by baseline, never use)
Original: θρησκεία
Category: Worldliness
James 1:26-27 redefines ‘religion’ away from ritual/cultic observance (thrēskeia’s normal Greek sense) toward ethical practice: caring for orphans and widows, remaining unstained by the world. The single most syncretism-exposed term in the book, since this normal sense sits precisely where both live Manipuri traditions concentrate their visible practice.
Erga Works
Approved rendering: থবক
Transliteration: thabak
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: সেবা (Vaishnava devotional merit-service, never use as equivalent)
Original: ἔργα
Category: Faith
Concrete acts of obedience/love that genuine faith necessarily produces (2:14-26); the evidence, not the price, of saving faith. Must never be taught as accumulating merit toward salvation, colliding with both Romans’ ‘apart from works’ grace doctrine and Vaishnavism’s সেবা framework.
Dikaioo Justified James
Approved rendering: অচুম্বা ওইহনবা
Transliteration: achumba oihanba
Doctrine: Justification in James’s Demonstrative Sense
James’s demonstrative/vindicating sense (2:21, 24-25): the public proof that a professed faith is genuine and living, shown by works — distinct from, but harmonious with, Romans’ forensic sense of the identical Manipuri phrase. MANDATORY harmonization note (Genesis 15:6 credited-by-faith / Genesis 22 demonstrated-by-works, ~20 years later) required at every occurrence. Theologian review required at every occurrence.
Heis Theos One God James
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপু
Transliteration: Tengban Mapu
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Bare monotheistic assent (the Shema), presented by James as the minimum possible content of a faith-claim, held even by demons (2:19). Must be taught as insufficient for saving faith by itself.
Daimonia Demons
Approved rendering: অসুবা থাওয়াইশিং
Transliteration: asuba thawaishing
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: Umang Lai forest/guardian deities, never conflate — the Umang Lai are venerated, not classed as malevolent, in Sanamahi belief
Original: δαιμόνια
Category: Sin
Evil spirits under Satan’s authority, who hold correct monotheistic belief yet shudder in fear rather than obey (2:19). Must be sharply bounded to ‘spirit-beings in active rebellion against God,’ a category the Umang Lai are not presented as belonging to.
Imputed Righteousness Credited James
Approved rendering: পীথোকপা অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক
Transliteration: pithokpa achumba chatnabirak
Doctrine: Justification in James’s Demonstrative Sense
James 2:23’s direct quotation of Genesis 15:6, identical to Romans 4:3’s citation. The clearest textual link between James and Romans on justification; exact reuse of the baseline term mandatory.
Philos Theou Friend Of God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী মরুপ
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi marup
Doctrine: Friend of God (Abraham) as a Unique Covenant Category
Rejected alternatives: sakhya bhāva friendship-mode bhakti devotion terms/framing, never assimilate Abraham into this existing devotional category
Original: φίλος θεοῦ
Category: Faith
Abraham’s title, confirmed by demonstrated faith: covenant intimacy granted at God’s initiative (2:23). The single highest-caution term in the book, given Manipuri Vaishnavism’s actively practiced sakhya bhāva (friendship-mode devotion to Krishna, one of five classical bhakti relationship-modes). Mandatory theologian review and contrastive teaching note at every occurrence; deliberately paired with James 4:4’s ‘friendship with the world’ (see philia_kosmou_friendship_with_world).
Pneuma Breath Generic
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই
Transliteration: thawai
Doctrine: Dead versus Living Faith
Rejected alternatives: থাওয়াই অসেংবা (must never be upgraded to the Holy Spirit compound in this generic-breath context)
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: Anthropology
The animating life-breath of a body (2:26), NOT the Holy Spirit. The baseline mandates bare থাওয়াই never be used for the Holy Spirit; here James uses it in exactly the generic, non-Trinitarian sense the baseline reserves for Sanamahi belief’s populated spirit-world (Apokpa ancestral spirits, Umang Lai). Mandatory translator note distinguishing this generic sense from the Holy Spirit sense.
Geenna Hell
Approved rendering: নরক
Transliteration: naraka
Doctrine: Final Judgment (Gehenna)
Rejected alternatives: cyclical narak/rebirth-permitting framing, never allow
Original: γέεννα
Category: Eschatology
Gehenna, the place of final judgment (3:6; cf. 5:9, 12). নরক is shared directly with Hindu/Vaishnava cosmology’s post-mortem punishment realms within a system permitting eventual release or rebirth. Must be taught as a fixed, final reality under God’s judgment — never one stage within a cycle — using the same category of caution the baseline applies to মোক্ষ and পুনর্জন্ম.
Sophia Daimoniodes Demonic Wisdom
Approved rendering: অসুবা থাওয়াইগী লৌহুম
Transliteration: asuba thawaigi louhum
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Rejected alternatives: a blanket condemnation of the maibi’s Lai Haraoba oracular office as an institution, never state as an institutional verdict
Original: σοφία δαιμονιώδης
Category: Wisdom
Wisdom characterized by envy, strife, disorder, sourced in spiritual rebellion against God (3:15-16). Must be bounded to the character it produces, not heard as a verdict on any specific traditional office as a whole.
Philia Kosmou Friendship With World
Approved rendering: মালেমগী মরুপ ওইবা
Transliteration: malemgi marup oiba
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: φιλία τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Worldliness
A posture of alliance with the world’s fallen value-system, declared to be enmity with God (4:4). Must be taught in explicit, deliberate contrast with φίλος θεοῦ (2:23, ‘friend of God’); James’s own structure pairs these two friendship statements as opposites.
Echthra Theou Enmity With God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী য়েক্লবা ওইবা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi yeklaba oiba
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: ἔχθρα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Worldliness
The state of active opposition to God resulting from friendship with the world (4:4). Must be taught as the necessary corollary of philia_kosmou, preserving James’s deliberate either/or structure.
Charis Grace To Humble James
Approved rendering: মথৌ তাদনা পীবা তেংবাং
Transliteration: mathou tadana piba tengbang
Doctrine: Humility and Pride Before God
James 4:6 quotes Proverbs 3:34 (‘God gives grace to the humble’); exact reuse of the baseline grace term mandatory.
Diabolos The Devil
Approved rendering: শয়তান
Transliteration: Shoytan
Doctrine: Resisting the Devil
Rejected alternatives: Sanamahi ancestral or nature spirits (Apokpa, Umang Lai), never equate, named Puranic asura-antagonist figures defeated by Krishna’s avatars, never equate
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
A specific personal being in active rebellion against God, who flees when resisted (4:7). Must be taught as a singular, ongoing spiritual adversary, not a mythological figure from a completed past narrative cycle.
Parousia Kyriou Lords Coming
Approved rendering: মপু ইবুংগোগী হন্না লাক্লগদবা
Transliteration: Mapu Ibungogi hanna laklagadaba
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Rejected alternatives: Kalki avatar framing (Vishnu’s future/final avatar), never assimilate to a cyclical avatar-sequence
Original: παρουσία τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
The awaited, definite, personal, bodily return of Christ, for which believers wait patiently (5:7-8). Manipuri Vaishnavism’s structurally similar Kalki expectation (the future/final avatar ending corruption at the close of the cosmic age) makes this the book’s highest-severity eschatological collision term; must be taught as the same historical Jesus returning once, never a next avatar-installment.
Aleipho Elaio Anointing With Oil
Approved rendering: থাউনা ৎিংবা
Transliteration: thauna tingba
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: maiba oil/herb ritual healing application (indigenous medicine/spirit-appeasement), never equate, Vaishnava abhisheka (ritual anointing of a deity’s image), never equate
Original: ἀλείψαντες αὐτὸν ἐλαίῳ
Category: Prayer and Healing
The single highest-risk collision point in the whole book: efficacy rests entirely on God’s sovereign will answering faith-filled prayer offered in the Lord’s name (5:14-15) — not on the oil’s inherent power, the elder’s personal spiritual potency, or structural equivalence to consulting a maiba or performing devotional anointing. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Sozo Heal Physical
Approved rendering: অহানবা
Transliteration: ahanba
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: σῴζω (σώσει τὸν κάμνοντα)
Category: Prayer and Healing
The physical healing/restoration of a sick believer through the prayer of faith (5:15), a distinct sense from eternal salvation. Mandatory translator note required to prevent readers concluding physical healing is guaranteed to every believer prayed for in faith, or that non-healing signals deficient eternal salvation.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: থাজবা
Transliteration: thajaba
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: ভক্তি (bhakti, too specific to Vaishnava devotional framework)
Inherited from Romans package. Central to James’s core passage 2:14-26 (tested by whether it produces works) and 1:3-8 (tested by whether it is single-minded, not double-minded).
Law
Approved rendering: য়াথাং
Transliteration: yathang
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম (avoid Hindu-derived religious-duty sense)
Inherited from Romans package. James 2:9-11 and 4:11 reference the moral law directly; James 1:25 and 2:8, 12 build the ‘royal law’/‘law of liberty’ compound on this root (see nomos_basilikos_royal_law).
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Sin’s Progression to Death
Inherited from Romans package. James extends the concept explicitly to sins of omission (4:17, ‘if anyone knows to do good and does not do it, it is sin’) and to sins confessed for mutual restoration (5:15-16, 20). Term unchanged; nuance flagged for teaching notes only.
Called
Approved rendering: কৌখিবা
Transliteration: koukhiba
Doctrine: Friend of God (Abraham) as a Unique Covenant Category
Inherited from Romans package. James 2:23 uses this in a naming/designation sense (‘and he was called a friend of God’), distinct from the baseline’s calling-to-salvation/apostleship senses. See kaleo_called_named_james below; context-sensitivity caution from the baseline applies.
Providence
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী থৌরাং
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi thourang
Doctrine: Providence and Dependence on God
Rejected alternatives: ৱাইফম (fate, never use)
Inherited from Romans package. James 4:15 (‘If the Lord wills’) is a doctrinally clean cross-reference point to Romans 8:28; must never collapse into ৱাইফম (impersonal fate).
Glory
Approved rendering: মতিক চাউবা
Transliteration: matik chauba
Doctrine: Humility and Pride Before God
Inherited from Romans package. The চাউ- root recurs in James 4:6 within মশক চাউহনবা (‘proud,’ literally ‘one who makes himself great’) — a morphemic echo, not a direct doctrinal reuse; no additional caution required beyond the baseline’s own glory guidance.
Covenant
Approved rendering: ৱারেপ্পা
Transliteration: wareppa
Doctrine: Oaths and Truthful Speech
Inherited from Romans package. James 5:12 (‘do not swear an oath’) must NOT reuse this term for oath-swearing; ৱারী শাগৎপা (see omnyo_swear_oath) names a distinct concept and must be kept lexically separate from this reserved covenant term.
Peirasmos Trial Temptation
Approved rendering: চাংলবা
Transliteration: changlaba
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: πειρασμός / πειράζω
Category: Trials
A single Greek root spans two senses James deliberately puns on: (a) God-permitted external testing (1:2-3, 12); (b) internal enticement to sin, never from God (1:13-14). No single Manipuri lexeme carries both cleanly; every occurrence requires an explicit sense-marker translator note, with 1:13 requiring the strongest note that God tempts no one to evil.
Hypomone Steadfastness Endurance
Approved rendering: খুদোংচাবা
Transliteration: khudongchaba
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ৱাইফম (fate/resignation, never use)
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Trials
Patient, active endurance under trial (1:3-4, 1:12). Must be taught as active, hope-filled perseverance grounded in God’s character, never fatalistic resignation. Distinct from ch.5’s থমোইনা ঙাকপা (patient waiting for a promised future event).
Teleios Perfect Mature Complete
Approved rendering: মপুং ফাবা
Transliteration: mapung phaba
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: τέλειος
Category: Sanctification
Moral/spiritual maturity, the intended end-state of tested faith (1:4, 1:17, 1:25). Reuses the মপুংফাবা morpheme already present in the baseline’s effectual-calling/universal-accountability doctrine names. Must not be taught as Vaishnava/Sanamahi ritual-attainment perfection.
Teleioo Perfected Completed
Approved rendering: মপুং ফাবা
Transliteration: mapung phaba
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: τελειόω
Category: Faith
The verb form: Abraham’s faith ‘was perfected’/brought to completion by his works (2:22). Must not be taught as faith being deficient until works are added (a merit-based misreading) — works are faith’s organic, living expression, not its transactional supplement.
Sophia Wisdom
Approved rendering: লৌহুম
Transliteration: louhum
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি (maibi oracular/trance power, never use)
Original: σοφία
Category: Wisdom
Practical, God-given skill for right response to trials, given generously to anyone who asks in faith (1:5). Must be distinguished from any oracular insight attributed to a maibi’s Lai Haraoba trance state.
Dipsychos Doubleminded
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই অনি
Transliteration: thawai ani
Doctrine: Double-Mindedness and Single-Hearted Faith
Original: δίψυχος
Category: Faith
UNCONFIRMED LEXEME. Literally ‘two-souled’; a person wavering between trust and doubt (1:8, cf. 4:8). Risks being heard by a Sanamahi-background reader as describing possession by two competing spirit-entities, a real category in Sanamahi spirit-affliction belief. A non-literal descriptive alternative (e.g. built on ‘wavering/undecided heart’) must be confirmed with a native speaker before Phase 2 deployment; treat this rendering as provisional.
Epithymia Desire
Approved rendering: পাম্বা
Transliteration: pamba
Doctrine: Sin’s Progression to Death
Rejected alternatives: prema/kama-style cultivated devotional longing, never equate
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
Disordered, sin-producing craving that conceives and gives birth to sin (1:14-15). Must be distinguished from Vaishnava bhakti’s cultivated devotional longing reoriented toward Krishna.
Logos Aletheias Word Of Truth
Approved rendering: অচুম্বা ৱারোল
Transliteration: achumba warol
Doctrine: The Implanted Word and Doers of the Word
Original: λόγος ἀληθείας
Category: Scripture
The gospel word by which God brought believers to new birth (1:18). Must be distinguished from a maibi’s trance utterance during Lai Haraoba and from Vaishnava scripture (Bhagavad Gita/Puranas) as a rival source of authoritative truth.
Emphytos Logos Implanted Word
Approved rendering: হাপচিনবা ৱারোল
Transliteration: hapchinba warol
Doctrine: The Implanted Word and Doers of the Word
Original: ἔμφυτος λόγος
Category: Scripture
The word of God implanted in believers, able to save souls if received with meekness and obeyed (1:21). Must be taught as God’s own authoritative word taking root, not paralleled with oracular or trance-derived utterance.
Kosmos World
Approved rendering: মালেম
Transliteration: malem
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: κόσμος
Category: Worldliness
The fallen human value-system organized against God (1:27, 4:4), NOT the physical creation. Sanamahi tradition reveres the natural world (forests, groves) as the Umang Lai’s dwelling; James’s worldliness teaching must never be heard as opposition to nature or the created order itself.
Pater Photon Father Of Lights
Approved rendering: মংহাওগী ইপা
Transliteration: manghaogi ipa
Doctrine: God’s Unchangeable, Impartial Character
Rejected alternatives: direct identification with Atiya Guru Sidaba’s primordial-light imagery, never present as equivalence
Original: πατὴρ τῶν φώτων
Category: God
God as the unchanging source of every good gift, contrasted with shifting created light-sources (1:17). Sanamahi cosmology’s supreme uncreated deity (Atiya Guru Sidaba, conceived as primordial formless light) gives real collision potential; must be taught as the personal, relational Father, not an impersonal cosmic light-principle.
Prosopolempsia Favoritism
Approved rendering: মমাই য়েংবা
Transliteration: mamai yengba
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: προσωπολημψία
Category: Favoritism
Judging or treating people differently by external appearance/status (2:1, 2:9). Carries acute contemporary weight given inter-community/clan (yumnak) sensitivities in Manipur; must be grounded in every person bearing God’s likeness (3:9), never mapped onto current ethnic-community tensions as a political statement.
Nomos Basilikos Royal Law
Approved rendering: লেংবগী য়াথাং
Transliteration: lengbagi yathang
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: βασιλικὸς νόμος / νόμος ἐλευθερίας
Category: Covenant
The moral law, summarized in neighbor-love (Leviticus 19:18, quoted 2:8), which liberates rather than enslaves (2:8, 12; cf. 1:25). Must not collapse into a ধর্ম-style cosmic-duty framework, nor be misheard as freedom from all moral law.
Eleos Mercy
Approved rendering: চানবিবা
Transliteration: chanbiba
Doctrine: Mercy as Reflecting God’s Character
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা/করুণা (bhakti devotee-responsive divine favor, avoid as primary term)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Favoritism
Compassion shown to the needy, imitated because God’s own judgment is merciful to the merciful (2:13). Sits immediately adjacent to the baseline’s Critical grace/কৃপা caution; must be taught as an ethical mandate to imitate God’s compassion horizontally, never a devotional transaction.
Nekra Dead Faith
Approved rendering: সিবা
Transliteration: siba
Doctrine: Dead versus Living Faith
Original: νεκρά
Category: Faith
The state of faith producing no works: not weak faith but no living faith at all (2:17, 2:26). Built on the same সিব- root as thanatos; the vitality metaphor here (faith needing to be alive) must never be confused with the baseline’s guarded resurrection/rebirth distinction.
Deiknymi Show Demonstrate
Approved rendering: উৎপা
Transliteration: utpa
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: δείκνυμι
Category: Faith
To show/prove by visible evidence; works ‘show’ faith’s genuineness to observers (2:18). Must be taught as evidential, not causal — works reveal faith’s reality; they do not produce it before God.
Kaleo Called Named James
Approved rendering: কৌখিবা
Transliteration: koukhiba
Doctrine: Friend of God (Abraham) as a Unique Covenant Category
Abraham ‘was called’ God’s friend (2:23) — a naming/designation sense, distinct from the baseline’s calling-to-salvation/apostleship senses. Context-sensitive reuse of the baseline term.
Sophia Anothen Wisdom From Above
Approved rendering: মথাক্তগী লৌহুম
Transliteration: mathaktagi louhum
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: σοφία ἄνωθεν
Category: Wisdom
Wisdom from God, characterized by purity, peaceableness, gentleness, mercy, good fruit (3:17). Must be taught as originating from God alone, distinct from any oracular insight attributed within Sanamahi or Vaishnava ritual practice.
Sophia Epigeios Earthly Wisdom
Approved rendering: মালেমগী লৌহুম
Transliteration: malemgi louhum
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: σοφία ἐπίγειος
Category: Wisdom
Merely earthly, unspiritual cleverness (3:15), reusing মালেম. Characterized by its fruit (envy, selfish ambition), not by association with any specific tradition’s teaching.
Eikon Theou Image Of God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী মমাংদা শেমখিবা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi mamangda shemkhiba
Doctrine: The Image of God as Ground for Impartial Love
Original: εἰκὼν θεοῦ
Category: Favoritism
Every person bears God’s likeness, invoked as the reason cursing another is a grave contradiction (3:9). The theological foundation underlying both the no-favoritism (ch. 2) and no-cursing (ch. 3) doctrines; must be taught as a universal anthropological claim, not a political statement about specific communities.
Pneuma Disputed 4 5
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই (rendering pending committee decision)
Transliteration: thawai
Doctrine: Double-Mindedness and Single-Hearted Faith
Rejected alternatives: থাওয়াই অসেংবা (must not default to this without explicit theological-committee review)
Original: πνεῦμα (James 4:5)
Category: Anthropology
AMBIGUITY FLAG. A textually and exegetically disputed reference in a non-quoted ‘Scripture says’ formula (4:5) — either the human spirit’s jealous longing or the Holy Spirit’s jealous yearning for believers. No lexical choice alone resolves this; record both readings as alternatives_considered and flag for theologian review before Phase 2 lock-in.
Providence Lord Wills James
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী থৌরাং
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi thourang
Doctrine: Providence and Dependence on God
The posture of humble dependence on God’s will regarding future plans, rather than presumptuous self-confidence (4:13-15). Excellent cross-reference point to Romans 8:28’s providence teaching; must never collapse into ৱাইফম (fate).
Hamartia Sin Omission James
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Sin’s Progression to Death
‘If anyone knows to do good and does not do it, it is sin for him’ (4:17) — extends sin to include omission, not only commission. Term itself unchanged; nuance flagged for teaching notes.
Makrothymia Patience
Approved rendering: থমোইনা ঙাকপা
Transliteration: thamoina ngakpa
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Eschatology
Patient, unhurried waiting for the Lord’s coming, illustrated by a farmer awaiting the harvest (5:7-8). Distinct from ch.1’s খুদোংচাবা (active endurance under trial pressure); the two describe different postures and must not be merged.
Exomologeo Confess
Approved rendering: পাপ ফোংদোকপা
Transliteration: pap phongdokpa
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Rejected alternatives: ritual confession before a maibi/priest in a Lai Haraoba atonement rite, never equate, Vaishnava prayaschitta guru-mediated penance confession, never equate
Original: ἐξομολογεῖσθε
Category: Confession
Mutual confession of sins among believers, for prayer and restoration (5:16). James envisions confession among ordinary believers, without a required ritual-specialist intermediary.
Deesis Dikaiou Prayer Of Righteous
Approved rendering: থাজবগী হায়জবগী চাউবা পাংথোক্না
Transliteration: thajabagi haijabagi chauba pangthokna
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη
Category: Prayer and Healing
The great effective power of a righteous person’s prayer, illustrated by Elijah (5:16-18). Must not be heard as attributing independent, mantra-like efficacious power to the prayer-utterance itself; the power belongs to God, who answers.
Sosei Psychen Save Soul From Death
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই সিবদগী কান্দোকপা
Transliteration: thawai sibadagi kandokpa
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου
Category: Confession
The rescue of a wandering believer’s soul from spiritual death through restoration (5:20). থাওয়াই here is the generic soul/life sense (as in 2:26), not the Holy Spirit; সিবা is death as separation from God, not rebirth. Both component cautions apply jointly.
Kalypto Hamartias Cover Sins
Approved rendering: পাপ লিপ্পা
Transliteration: pap lippa
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: καλύψει ἁμαρτίας
Category: Confession
The ‘covering’ of a multitude of sins through the restoration of a wandering believer (5:20). Must be taught as God’s own gracious forgiveness through genuine repentance and restoration, never ritual concealment of guilt without real change.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: কলিসিয়া
Transliteration: kalisiya
Doctrine: Elders and the Church’s Care of the Sick
Rejected alternatives: মন্দির (Vaishnava temple, never use), উমাং লাই থাবা (Umang Lai sacred grove worship site, never use)
Inherited from Romans package. James 5:14 (‘call for the elders of the church’).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: থাওয়াইগী খুদোল
Transliteration: thawaigi khudol
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি (maibi ritual/oracular trance power, avoid as substitute)
Inherited from Romans package. James’s wisdom-from-above teaching (1:5, 3:13-18) is conceptually adjacent to this baseline entry; the caution against শক্তি as a substitute for Spirit-given enablement applies with equal force to James’s wisdom doctrine.
Doulos Servant
Approved rendering: মপুগী থবক তৌবা মিওই
Transliteration: Mapugi thabak touba miwoi
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: a Vaishnava temple ritual-servant title, never use, a household devotee-servant role toward a Sanamahi deity, never use
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
James’s self-designation as Christ’s committed servant (1:1). Descriptive phrase avoids importing either tradition’s specialist-servant categories.
Dokimion Testing Proving
Approved rendering: থাজবা চাংলবগী থৌদাং
Transliteration: thajaba changlabagi thoudang
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Trials
The process/means by which faith is proven genuine, as metal is proved by fire (1:3). Descriptive compound built from cleared morphemes; low collision risk.
Plousios Rich
Approved rendering: মশক লৈবা মিওই
Transliteration: mashak leiba miwoi
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: πλούσιος
Category: Favoritism
The materially wealthy, whose worldly status will fade (1:9-11) and who are warned against in 2:1-7. Must not be taught with residual karmic-merit framing (wealth as reward for past merit) absorbed from the region’s Vaishnava environment.
Ptochos Poor
Approved rendering: মশক লৈতবা মিওই
Transliteration: mashak leitaba miwoi
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: πτωχός
Category: Favoritism
The materially poor, whom God has chosen to be rich in faith (1:9-11, 2:5). Must not be taught with karmic-merit framing (poverty as past-merit deficit); James’s point is eschatological reversal, not merit-desert.
Stephanos Zoes Crown Of Life
Approved rendering: হিংবগী লুচিং
Transliteration: hingbagi luching
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
The eschatological reward for enduring trial and remaining faithful (1:12). Must not be taught as an earthly/royal crown symbol tied to the Pakhangba-descent kingship tradition.
Krisis Judgment
Approved rendering: ৱায়েল
Transliteration: wayel
Doctrine: Mercy as Reflecting God’s Character
Original: κρίσις
Category: Favoritism
God’s verdict, merciless to the merciless and merciful to the merciful (2:13). ৱায়েল carries positive cultural resonance as a customary Meitei village/clan dispute-resolution term; teaching must clarify God’s ৱায়েল is final and universal, not open to negotiated settlement.
Thysiasterion Altar
Approved rendering: হুন কাৎপগী মফম
Transliteration: hun katpagi mafam
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Worship
The place of sacrifice where Abraham offered Isaac (2:21). Must be distinguished from a Vaishnava temple’s ritual offering space or a Sanamahi sacred grove’s offering site.
Rahab The Prostitute
Approved rendering: রাহাব
Transliteration: Rahab
Doctrine: Justification in James’s Demonstrative Sense
Original: Ῥαὰβ ἡ πόρνη
Category: Covenant
The Canaanite woman whose sheltering of Israelite spies (2:25) demonstrated the same living-faith pattern as Abraham’s, across the opposite end of social respectability. Reinforces the no-favoritism doctrine of 2:1-13; teach alongside it.
Angeloi Messengers Spies
Approved rendering: থাবিরকপা মিওইশিং
Transliteration: thabirakpa miwoishing
Doctrine: Justification in James’s Demonstrative Sense
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: Covenant
The Israelite spies of Joshua 2 sheltered by Rahab, NOT heavenly angels (2:25). Context-sensitive; must be distinguished from ‘angel’ in a heavenly-being sense elsewhere.
Glossa Tongue
Approved rendering: লে
Transliteration: lei
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: γλῶσσα
Category: Speech
UNCONFIRMED LEXEME — doctrinal risk Medium, lexical-confidence risk High. The central, load-bearing term of 3:1-12; must be confirmed against a current printed Manipuri Bible before Phase 2 deployment of Chapter 3. Blocks the entire ‘Taming the Tongue’ doctrine cluster until confirmed, since lei_thingba is a direct compound on it.
Chalinagogeo Bridle Control
Approved rendering: লে থীংবা
Transliteration: lei thingba
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: χαλιναγωγέω
Category: Speech
To bridle/control, as a horse is led by a bit (3:2-3; cf. 1:26). Dependent on confirmation of লে (tongue) above; re-verify compound naturalness with the same native-speaker reviewer.
Pyr Fire
Approved rendering: মেই
Transliteration: mei
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: πῦρ
Category: Speech
Fire, metaphor for the tongue’s destructive scope and danger (3:6). Well-attested Meitei word, low lexical risk; teach the proportion metaphor (small flame, great forest) explicitly.
Karpos Dikaiosynes Fruit Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক্কী মহৈ
Transliteration: achumba chatnabirakki mahei
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Wisdom
The good fruit produced by those who sow in peace using wisdom from above (3:18). Reuses righteousness plus মহৈ (fruit), usefully echoing the baseline’s incarnation compound’s use of the same root.
Kataraomai Curse
Approved rendering: শিরাপ পীবা
Transliteration: shirap piba
Doctrine: The Image of God as Ground for Impartial Love
Original: καταράομαι
Category: Speech
To curse another person, condemned because that person bears God’s likeness (3:9-10). Doctrinal weight rests on the adjoining image-of-God teaching.
Tapeinos Humble
Approved rendering: মশক নোন্থাবা
Transliteration: mashak nonthaba
Doctrine: Humility and Pride Before God
Original: ταπεινός
Category: Favoritism
One who lowers himself before God, to whom God gives grace (4:6, 4:10). Must be kept distinct from ritual self-abasement practices in either local tradition.
Hyperephanos Proud
Approved rendering: মশক চাউহনবা
Transliteration: mashak chauhanba
Doctrine: Humility and Pride Before God
Original: ὑπερήφανος
Category: Favoritism
One who exalts himself, whom God opposes (4:6). Reuses চাউবা from the baseline’s glory compound; care needed that self-exaltation is not confused with legitimate honor language in Meitei social custom.
Eggizo Theo Draw Near To God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী নক্তা লাকপা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi nakta lakpa
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: ἐγγίσατε τῷ θεῷ
Category: Faith
The command to draw near to God, who promises to draw near in return (4:8). Must be taught as relational/spiritual nearness, not physical/ritual approach to a shrine, temple murti, or sacred grove.
Nomothetes Lawgiver
Approved rendering: য়াথাং পীবা মপু
Transliteration: yathang piba mapu
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: νομοθέτης
Category: Covenant
God as the one lawgiver and judge, before whom human judgment of a brother is presumptuous (4:11-12). Must affirm God alone as ultimate lawgiver, distinct from the historic Meitei kingship’s Pakhangba-descent law-giving role.
Omnyo Swear Oath
Approved rendering: ৱারী শাগৎপা
Transliteration: wari shagatpa
Doctrine: Oaths and Truthful Speech
Rejected alternatives: ৱারেপ্পা (covenant, baseline-reserved, never reuse for oath-swearing)
Original: ὀμνύω
Category: Speech
Swearing an oath by heaven, earth, or any other thing, prohibited in favor of plain truthful speech (5:12).
Presbyteroi Elders
Approved rendering: অহলশিং
Transliteration: ahalshing
Doctrine: Elders and the Church’s Care of the Sick
Original: πρεσβύτεροι τῆς ἐκκλησίας
Category: Church
The recognized congregational leaders called to pray over the sick (5:14). Must be distinguished from a village/clan council of elders and from a maiba’s or Vaishnava religious specialist’s role; church eldership is a specific congregational office.
Ekklesia Church James
Approved rendering: কলিসিয়া
Transliteration: kalisiya
Doctrine: Elders and the Church’s Care of the Sick
The gathered assembly to which the elders belong (5:14). Exact reuse of the baseline term.
Elaion Oil
Approved rendering: থাউ
Transliteration: thau
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: ἔλαιον
Category: Prayer and Healing
Olive oil, the substance applied in 5:14’s anointing practice. Lexically low-risk, well-attested Meitei word; doctrinal significance rests on the governing caution in aleipho_elaio_anointing_with_oil.
Planao Wander
Approved rendering: অচুম্বা লম্বীদগী খেয়েংবা
Transliteration: achumba lambidagi kheyengba
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: πλανάω
Category: Confession
To wander from the truth, describing a believer who strays and needs to be turned back (5:19). Descriptive; concern is doctrinal/moral straying within the church, not a general moral term.
Epistrepho Turn Back Restore
Approved rendering: হন্না পুরকপা
Transliteration: hanna purakpa
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: ἐπιστρέφω
Category: Confession
To bring a wandering believer back to the truth (5:19-20). Descriptive term for restorative church care; understood relationally, not ritually.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: তোঙান তোঙানবা ফোংদোকপা
Transliteration: tongan tonganba phongdokpa
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Rejected alternatives: মৈবা (Sanamahi ritual specialist/healer, never use)
Inherited from Romans package. James 5:10 cites the Old Testament prophets as examples of patient suffering in the Lord’s name.
Orphanos Orphans
Approved rendering: অলগী মচা
Transliteration: alagi macha
Doctrine: True Religion as Practical, Ethical Faith
Original: ὀρφανός
Category: Church
Fatherless children, a specific object of true-religion care (1:27). Plain descriptive term.
Chera Widows
Approved rendering: লুহোংলবা নুপী
Transliteration: luhonglaba nupi
Doctrine: True Religion as Practical, Ethical Faith
Original: χήρα
Category: Church
Widows, a specific object of true-religion care (1:27). Plain descriptive term.
Makarios Blessed
Approved rendering: নুংঙাইবা
Transliteration: nungngaiba
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: μακάριος
Category: Faith
The state of one who endures trial and receives what God has promised (1:12, 1:25). Reuses the নুংঙাই- root from the baseline’s gospel term.
Abraham
Approved rendering: আব্রাহাম
Transliteration: Abraham
Doctrine: Friend of God (Abraham) as a Unique Covenant Category
Original: Ἀβραάμ
Category: Covenant
Standard proper-name transliteration (2:21-23).
Isaac
Approved rendering: ইসহাক
Transliteration: Ishak
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: Ἰσαάκ
Category: Covenant
Standard proper-name transliteration (2:21).
Soma Body
Approved rendering: হাক্চাং
Transliteration: hakchang
Doctrine: Dead versus Living Faith
Original: σῶμα
Category: Faith
The physical body, used in James’s closing analogy for faith-without-works as a corpse (2:26). Plain descriptive term.
Prophetai Prophets As Example James
Approved rendering: তোঙান তোঙানবা ফোংদোকপা
Transliteration: tongan tonganba phongdokpa
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
The Old Testament prophets, cited as examples of patient suffering in the Lord’s name (5:10).
Job
Approved rendering: যোব
Transliteration: Yob
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: Ἰώβ
Category: Eschatology
Job, cited as an example of steadfastness and the Lord’s ultimate compassionate purpose (5:11). Standard transliteration.
Astheneo Sick
Approved rendering: অনাবা
Transliteration: anaba
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: ἀσθενέω
Category: Prayer and Healing
To be physically ill, prompting the call for elders (5:14). Plain descriptive term.
Elijah
Approved rendering: এলিয়া
Transliteration: Eliya
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: Ἠλίας
Category: Prayer and Healing
Elijah, whose prayer stopped and later restored rain (5:17-18). Standard transliteration; teaching must not assimilate Elijah’s miracle to a siddha/miracle-guru category.
Referenced passages