Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — Luke 1–24
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md. It is organized in three sections:
- Section A — terms already established in the Romans baseline translation memory, reused here exactly, with no deviation permitted.
- Section B — new terms introduced by the Luke curriculum, with provisional Manipuri renderings built (wherever possible) from morphemes already present in the baseline, each flagged for the appropriate review tier.
- Section C — risk summary and outstanding confirmation items for Phase 2 planning.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s exact definitions (Critical / High / Medium / Low — see doctrine_risk_registry.json).
Section A — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| English term | Manipuri (Bengali script) | Transliteration | Risk | Luke chapters attested | Doctrine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | নুংঙাইবগী পাউ | nungngaibagi pao | High | 4, 8, 9, 20 | Gospel |
| grace / favor | মথৌ তাদনা পীবা তেংবাং | mathou tadana piba tengbang | Critical | 1, 2 | Grace |
| faith | থাজবা | thajaba | High | 5, 7, 8, 17, 18 | Faith |
| righteousness | অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক | achumba chatnabirak | Critical | 1, 23 | Righteousness |
| justification | অচুম্বা ওইহনবা | achumba oihanba | Critical | 18 | Justification by Faith |
| salvation | অহানবা | ahanba | Critical | 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19 | Salvation |
| apostle | তবিদগী থাবিরকপা | tabidagi thabirakpa | Medium | 4 (root reused), 6, 9, 10 | Apostleship |
| called | কৌখিবা | koukhiba | High | 5, 6, 9 | Divine Calling |
| calling | কৌবগী থৌদাং | koubagi thoudang | High | 5 | Divine Calling |
| holy | অসেংবা | asengba | High | 1 | Sanctification |
| sanctification | অসেংবা ওইহনবা | asengba oihanba | High | 1 (implicit) | Sanctification |
| resurrection | সিবদগী হিংজত-লকপা | sibadagi hingjat-lakpa | Critical | 7, 9, 20, 24 | Resurrection of Christ |
| lord | মপু ইবুংগো | Mapu Ibungo | Critical | 1, 2, 4, 6, 18, 20 | Lordship of Christ |
| son_of_god | তেংবাং মপুগী মচানুপা | Tengban Mapugi machanupa | Critical | 1, 3, 4 (implicit), 9 | Sonship of Christ |
| incarnation | মীওইগী মহৈ লৌবা | miwoigi mahai louba | Critical | 1, 2 | Incarnation |
| peace | ইনগবা | ingba | Medium | 2, 7 | Peace with God |
| spiritual_gifts | থাওয়াইগী খুদোল | thawaigi khudol | Medium | (not directly attested in Luke’s Gospel; reserved for Acts/Epistles usage) | Spiritual Gifts |
| thanksgiving | থাগৎচরি | thagatchari | Low | 17, 22 | Thanksgiving |
| fellowship | লোইনবা | loinaba | Low | 5 (root reused in “table fellowship”) | Christian Fellowship |
| church | কলিসিয়া | kalisiya | Medium | not attested — Luke’s Gospel never uses ἐκκλησία (reserved for Acts) | Church as God’s People |
| kingdom_of_god | তেংবাং মপুগী লৈপাক | Tengban Mapugi leipak | Medium | 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23 | Kingdom of God Present and Future |
| law | য়াথাং | yathang | Medium | 2, 16, 24 | Fulfillment of Prophecy |
| sin | পাপ | pap | High | 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 15, 17 | Universal Human Accountability |
| gentiles | অতোপ্পা ফুরুপ | atoppa phurup | Medium | 2 | Unity of Jews and Gentiles |
| glory | মতিক চাউবা | matik chauba | High | 2, 9 | Deity of Christ |
| power_of_god | তেংবাং মপুগী পাংথোক-থেংনবা | Tengban Mapugi pangthok-thengnaba | High | 1, 4, 11, 24 | Power of God for Salvation |
| messiah / christ | ক্রিস্তো | Christo | Critical | 2, 4 (root), 9, 20 | Messianic Promise |
| prophet | তোঙান তোঙানবা ফোংদোকপা | tongan tonganba phongdokpa | Low | 1, 3, 4, 7 | Inspiration of Scripture |
| prophecy | ফোংদোকপা ৱারোল | phongdokpa warol | Low | 1, 4, 24 | Fulfillment of Prophecy |
| covenant | ৱারেপ্পা | wareppa | High | 1, 22 | Davidic Covenant / New Covenant |
| election | তেংবাং মপুগী খনবা | Tengban Mapugi khanba | High | 9 | Effectual Calling |
| intercession | মখোয়গী মফমদা হায়জবা | makhoigi mafamda haijaba | Medium | 11, 21, 22 (root reused for general “prayer”) | Prayer and Intercession |
| providence | তেংবাং মপুগী থৌরাং | Tengban Mapugi thourang | High | (implicit throughout the passion narrative) | Providence |
| mission | পাউ সন্দোকপগী থৌদাং | pao sandokpagi thoudang | Medium | 9, 10, 24 | Mission to the Nations |
| david | দাউদ | Daud | Medium | 1, 2, 3, 18, 20 | Davidic Covenant |
| israel | ইস্রায়েল | Israel | Medium | 1, 2, 24 | Unity of Jews and Gentiles |
| jesus | জিসু | Jisu | Critical | throughout | Lordship of Christ |
| god | তেংবাং মপু | Tengban Mapu | Critical | throughout | Deity of Christ |
| holy_spirit | থাওয়াই অসেংবা | Thawai Asengba | Critical | 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 24 | Sanctification / Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History |
| father | ইপা | Ipa | Critical | 1, 2, 11, 15, 22, 23 | Adoption / Prayer |
| exhort | থাওয়াই পীবা | thawai piba | Low | (encouragement contexts, e.g. 22:32) | Mutual Edification |
| seed_of_david | দাউদগী চা-চাহি | Daudgi cha-chahi | High | 1, 2, 20 | Davidic Covenant |
| imputed_righteousness | পীথোকপা অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক | pithokpa achumba chatnabirak | Critical | 18 (thematic parallel: the justified tax collector) | Justification by Faith |
Note on abba: the Aramaic term আব্বা does not occur in Luke’s Gospel text (Luke’s Lord’s Prayer and Gethsemane accounts use Πάτερ/“Father” only, not Ἀββά). It is retained in the baseline for future Acts/Epistles use but is not required for this curriculum.
Section B — New Terms Introduced by the Luke Curriculum
| English term | Greek (transliteration) | Manipuri rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| love (self-giving, agapē) | ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω (agapē/agapaō) | নুংশিবা | nungshiba | Critical | Love of God/Neighbor (new doctrine surfaced by Luke) | 6, 7, 10, 15 | Must never be rendered with প্রেম-adjacent vocabulary — প্রেম names the central Radha-Krishna romantic-devotional love of Manipuri Vaishnavism’s Ras Lila tradition. This is the Luke-curriculum equivalent of the baseline’s grace/কৃপা caution and should be added to the doctrine risk registry as Critical |
| repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | পুক্নিং হোংবা | pukning hongba | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 3, 5, 13, 15, 17 | Must not be reduced to ritual purification (prayaschitta) or Umang Lai propitiation |
| forgiveness of sins | ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν (aphesis hamartiōn) | পাপ কোকপা | pap kokpa | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 17, 23, 24 | Shares Greek root with “release to captives” (Luke 4:18) — cross-reference note required |
| poor | πτωχός (ptōchos) | মথৌ তাবা | mathou taba | High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4, 6, 7, 14, 16, 18, 21 | Retain full socio-economic force; not merely spiritual-metaphor poverty |
| captive / liberty | αἰχμάλωτος / ἄφεσις (aichmalōtos/aphesis) | ফদবা মীওই / থাদোকপা | phadaba miwoi / thadokpa | High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4 | See above ἄφεσις cross-reference |
| blind | τυφλός (typhlos) | মিত্তাবা | mittaba | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4, 7, 18 | Confirm exact form with native speaker |
| oppressed / crushed | τεθραυσμένος (tethrausmenos) | ফৎতবা ওইরিবা মীওইশিং | phattaba oiriba miwoishing | Medium-High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4 | — |
| acceptable year of the Lord | ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός | মপু ইবুংগোগী চাউথোকপা চাহি | Mapu Ibungogi chauthokpa chahi | High | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 4 | Jubilee allusion; not a repeatable festival season |
| anointed (Jesus, self-disclosure) | χρίω (chriō) | থাওয়াইনা চাংইনবা | thawaina changinba | Critical | Messianic Promise | 4 | Root of ক্রিস্তো/Christ; avoid ritual-consecration vocabulary tied to Hindu abhisheka or historic royal/Pakhangba anointing |
| synagogue | συναγωγή (synagōgē) | সিনাগগ | sinagog | Medium | (institutional) | 4, 6, 13 | Distinct from কলিসিয়া, মন্দির, Umang Lai grove |
| today (fulfillment marker) | σήμερον (sēmeron) | ঙসি | ngasi | High | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 4, 19, 23 | Preserve present-tense theological weight |
| fulfilled | πληρόω (plēroō) | মপুং ফাবা | mapung phaba | Critical | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 4, 24 | Reused from baseline’s doctrine-registry naming convention |
| disciple | μαθητής (mathētēs) | তমজবা | tamjaba | High | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 22 | Avoid শিষ্য (guru-shishya devotional-lineage term) |
| Son of Man | ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (ho huios tou anthrōpou) | মীওইগী মচানুপা | miwoigi machanupa | Critical | Sonship/Deity of Christ | 5, 6, 9, 12, 17, 19, 21, 22 | Not mere human sonship; not an avatar’s temporary appearance |
| prayer | προσευχή (proseuchē) | হায়জবা | haijaba | Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 18, 19, 21, 22 | Distinct from maibi/maiba petitions and Vaishnava japa/kirtan |
| devil / Satan | διάβολος / Σατανᾶς | শয়তান | Shoitan | High | (spiritual conflict) | 4, 8, 10, 11, 13, 22 | Distinct from Umang Lai deities/ancestral spirits |
| unclean/evil spirit | πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον (pneuma akatharton) | ফৎতবা থাওয়াই | phattaba thawai | Critical | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History (contrast) | 4, 6, 8, 9, 11 | Never confuse with Umang Lai nature-deities or Apokpa ancestral spirits |
| temptation/testing | πειρασμός (peirasmos) | থাংগৎপা | thanggatpa | High | (Christ’s example) | 4, 11, 22 | — |
| leprosy/leper | λεπρός (lepros) | ক্ষয়রোগী | khoyrogi | Medium | Compassion and Table Fellowship | 5, 17 | Confirm; distinct from ritual-purity systems |
| authority | ἐξουσία (exousia) | ফংবা মতিক | phangba matik | High | Forgiveness / Son of Man | 5, 20 | — |
| tax collector | τελώνης (telōnēs) | কর খোমজবা | kar khomjaba | Medium | Compassion and Table Fellowship | 5, 7, 15, 18, 19 | — |
| sinner | ἁμαρτωλός (hamartōlos) | পাপ্পা মীওই | pappa miwoi | Medium | Compassion and Table Fellowship | 5, 6, 7, 15, 18, 19 | — |
| table fellowship | συνανάκειμαι (synanakeimai) | লোইনা চাক চাবা | loina chak chaba | High | Compassion and Table Fellowship | 5, 7, 15, 19 | Meitei commensality carries its own social-boundary weight |
| blessed | μακάριος (makarios) | য়াইফবা | yaifaba | High | Good News to the Poor | 1, 6, 11, 12, 14 | Confirm; reversal-ethic must not be softened either direction |
| woe | οὐαί (ouai) | ফত্তবা ৱারোল | phattaba warol | Medium | (judgment sayings) | 6, 10, 11 | — |
| Sabbath | σάββατον (sabbaton) | সাব্বাথ | Sabbath | Medium | (institutional/legal) | 4, 6, 13, 14, 23 | Distinct from Lai Haraoba/Vaishnava observance calendars |
| leprosy healing / ten lepers (Samaritan) | reuse | ক্ষয়রোগী + শামরিয়া | — | Medium | Compassion; crosses ethnic boundary | 17 | — |
| neighbor | πλησίον (plēsion) | নকশিংবা মীওই | nakshingba miwoi | Medium | All Nations and All People | 10 | Teach theologically, not mapped onto present Manipur ethnic tensions |
| Samaritan | Σαμαρίτης (Samaritēs) | শামরিয়া | Samaria | Medium | All Nations and All People | 10, 17 | — |
| lost | ἀπολωλός (apolōlos) | মংবা | mangba | High | Jesus as Savior for All People | 15, 19 | Relational, sought-after sense, not fatalism |
| eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος (zōē aiōnios) | নাইদবা হিংবা | naidaba hingba | Critical | Salvation | 10, 18 | Never মোক্ষ or rebirth-escape framing |
| joy | χαρά (chara) | নুংঙাইবা | nungngaiba | High | The Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 15 | Distinct from Ras Lila/Lai Haraoba festival gladness |
| word of God | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ (ho logos tou theou) | তেংবাং মপুগী ৱাহেই | Tengban Mapugi wahei | High | Inspiration of Scripture | 8 | Living, unique divine speech |
| parable | παραβολή (parabolē) | উপমা | upama | Low-Medium | (teaching form) | 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20 | Common South Asian Christian loanword, low collision risk |
| daily bread | τὸν ἄρτον τὸν ἐπιούσιον | ঙসিগী চাক | ngasigi chak | Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | 11 | — |
| blasphemy against the Holy Spirit | βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον | থাওয়াই অসেংবাগী মথক্তা ৱা শাবা | Thawai Asengbagi mathakta wa shaba | Critical | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 12, 22 | Always full থাওয়াই অসেংবা |
| covetousness | πλεονεξία (pleonexia) | থাওবা পাম্বা | thaoba pamba | Medium | (ethics) | 12 | — |
| anxiety | μεριμνάω (merimnaō) | থমোই ৱাংবা | thamoi wangba | Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | 12 | — |
| faithful steward | οἰκονόμος πιστός (oikonomos pistos) | য়ুমগী থৌদাংবু য়েংশিনবা মী | yumgi thoudangbu yengshinba mi | Medium | Kingdom Present/Future | 12, 16 | — |
| narrow door | θύρα στενή (thyra stenē) | থোং হানবা | thong hanba | Medium | Kingdom Present/Future | 13 | — |
| humility / exaltation | ταπεινός / ὑψόω (tapeinos/hypsoō) | নোল্লাকপা / ৱাংথোকপা | nollakpa / wangthokpa | High/Medium | Good News to the Poor (reversal ethic) | 1, 14, 18 | — |
| great banquet / feast | δεῖπνον (deipnon) | চাক-থাক | chak-thak | Medium | Kingdom Present/Future | 14 | Distinct from Ras Lila/Lai Haraoba festival feasting |
| cost of discipleship | μισεῖ … βαστάζει τὸν σταυρόν (thematic) | তমজবা + ক্রুস | tamjaba + krus | High | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 9, 14 | Idiom-handling required for “hate father and mother” |
| cross | σταυρός (stauros) | ক্রুস | krus | High | Cost of Discipleship / Atonement | 9, 14, 23 | Ongoing self-denial, not protective symbol |
| mammon | μαμωνᾶς (mamōnas) | মম্মোন | Mammon | High | (ethics) | 16 | Disambiguate κύριος “master” from exclusive Lordship title |
| Hades / place of the dead | Ἅδης (Hadēs) | শিবগী মফম | sibagi mafam | High | (afterlife states) | 16 | Distinct from Naraka and from Apokpa ancestral realm |
| inherit (eternal life) | κληρονομέω (klēronomeō) | থাক লৌবা | thak louba | Medium | Adoption (inheritance rights) | 10, 18 | — |
| justice/vindication | ἐκδίκησις (ekdikēsis) | অচুম্বা ৱাফম | achumba wafam | Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | 18 | — |
| cornerstone | κεφαλὴ γωνίας (kephalē gōnias) | য়ুমগী মপুরোইবা নুং | yumgi mapuroiba nung | Medium | Deity/Messiah of Christ | 20 | — |
| widow | χήρα (chēra) | লুকমী | lukmi | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 2, 4, 7, 18, 20, 21 | Confirm with native speaker |
| watch and pray | γρηγορέω (grēgoreō) | য়েংশিনবা | yengshinba | High | Kingdom of God Present and Future | 12, 21 | — |
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη (kainē diathēkē) | অনৌবা ৱারেপ্পা | anouba wareppa | Critical | Atonement / New Covenant | 22 | Escalate per baseline atonement/propitiation rule |
| body / blood (atoning) | σῶμα / αἷμα (sōma/haima) | হক্চাং / ঈ | hakchang / i | Critical | Atonement | 22 | Escalate per baseline atonement/propitiation rule; distinct from indigenous sacrificial-offering ritual logic |
| remembrance | ἀνάμνησις (anamnēsis) | নিংশিংবা | ningshingba | Medium | (Lord’s Supper) | 22 | Covenant memorial, not repeated ritual offering |
| paradise | παράδεισος (paradeisos) | পারাদিস | paradis | Critical | Salvation (intermediate state) | 23 | Distinct from Vaikuntha/Goloka and Swarga |
| human spirit (Jesus’ own, at death) | πνεῦμα (pneuma, human-spirit sense) | থাওয়াই (bare, human-spirit sense only) | thawai | Critical — disambiguation required | (Christology, distinct from Holy Spirit) | 23 | Rare correct bare-থাওয়াই use; mandatory translator note |
| witnesses | μάρτυς (martys) | সাক্ষী | sakshi | Medium | Mission / Evangelism | 24 | — |
| ascension | ἀναλαμβάνω (analambanō) | স্বর্গদা লৌথোকপা | swargada louthokpa | High | (Christ’s exaltation) | 24 | — |
| heaven | οὐρανός (ouranos) | স্বর্গ | swarga | High | (eschatology, general) | 2, 10, 15, 24 | Widely used South Asian Christian loanword; must not conflate with Vaikuntha/Goloka/Swarga’s cyclical cosmology — flag for confirmation and consider qualifying phrase তেংবাং মপুগী মফম in sensitive passages |
| Isaiah (proper name) | Ἠσαΐας (Ēsaias) | যিশাইয়া | Yishaiya | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 4 | Confirm against printed Manipuri Bible |
| Pharisee | Φαρισαῖος (Pharisaios) | ফরীশী | Farishi | Low | (social-religious group) | 5, 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19 | — |
| Sadducee | Σαδδουκαῖος (Saddoukaios) | সদ্দূকী | Saddu ki | Low | (social-religious group) | 20 | — |
| scribe / lawyer | γραμματεύς / νομικός (grammateus/nomikos) | য়াথাং ওজা | yathang oja | High | (social-religious group) | 5, 7, 10, 11, 14, 20 | Avoid শাস্ত্রী — a title for a Vaishnava religious scholar/pandit; would wrongly place biblical scribes/lawyers inside the Vaishnava teaching hierarchy |
| Pilate / Herod / Barabbas | Πιλάτος / Ἡρώδης / Βαραββᾶς | পীলাত / হেরোদ / বারাব্বা | Pilat / Herod / Barabba | Low | (historical figures) | 3, 13, 23 | — |
| Passover | πάσχα (pascha) | পাস্খা | Paskha | Medium | (Last Supper setting) | 22 | Confirm against printed Manipuri Bible |
| redemption | λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις (lytrōsis/apolytrōsis) | হন্দোকপা | handokpa | High | Salvation | 1, 2, 21 | Distinguish ch.1’s historical-deliverance sense from ch.21’s final eschatological sense |
| horn of salvation (idiom) | κέρας σωτηρίας (keras sōtērias) | পাংথোক-থেংনবগী অহানবা | pangthok-thengnabagi ahanba | High | Salvation | 1 | Idiom-handling; explicitly avoids forbidden শক্তি |
| mercy / compassion | ἔλεος / σπλαγχνίζομαι (eleos/splanchnizomai) | চানবিবা | chanbiba | High | Jesus’ Compassion | 1, 7, 10, 15 | Confirm with native speaker |
| consolation | παράκλησις (paraklēsis) | থমোই হৌদোকপা | thamoi houdokpa | Medium | (eschatological hope) | 1, 2 | — |
| light to the Gentiles | φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν | মাংঙাল + অতোপ্পা ফুরুপ | mangal + atoppa phurup | High | Jesus as Savior for All Nations | 2 | Retain full universal scope |
| harvest | θερισμός (therismos) | লৌ লকপা | lou lakpa | Medium | Kingdom of God Present | 10 | — |
| rich | πλούσιος (plousios) | থাওবা মীওই | thaoba miwoi | Medium | Good News to the Poor (contrast term) | 1, 6, 12, 14, 16, 18 | — |
Section C — Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (Section B new terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 13 | Human theologian review — every occurrence |
| High | 26 | Human theologian review |
| Medium | 24 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 6 | Automated review |
Outstanding confirmation items for Phase 2 planning (native-speaker/BSI Manipuri Bible verification required before Phase 2 processing begins):
- মথৌ তাবা (poor), মিত্তাবা (blind), চানবিবা (compassion/mercy), লুকমী (widow), নোল্লাকপা/ৱাংথোকপা (humility/exaltation), য়াইফবা (blessed) — plausible descriptive Meitei renderings pending native-speaker confirmation, following the same hedge convention the baseline itself uses for
covenant,apostle,fellowship, andimputed_righteousness. - যিশাইয়া (Isaiah) and পাস্খা (Passover) — proper-name/loanword forms pending confirmation against a current printed Manipuri Bible edition, per the baseline’s standard proper-name verification instruction.
- স্বর্গ (heaven) — recommend explicit theologian sign-off on retaining this common South Asian Christian loanword versus the more disambiguated compound তেংবাং মপুগী মফম, given its proximity to Vaishnava Vaikuntha/Goloka and Hindu Swarga concepts.
- নুংশিবা (love/agapē) should be formally added to a future Luke-curriculum doctrine risk registry as a new Critical-risk doctrine entry (“Love of God and Neighbor”), parallel to the baseline’s treatment of
grace, since Manipuri Vaishnavism’s প্রেম devotional category was not addressed by the Romans baseline and represents a genuinely new collision risk surfaced by Luke’s material (Luke 6:27-36; 10:27; 15:20). - ἄφεσις (aphesis) cross-reference between “release to the captives” (Luke 4:18, থাদোকপা) and “forgiveness of sins” (পাপ কোকপা) elsewhere in Luke — requires a standing translator note so the shared Greek root’s doctrinal unity is not lost when two different Manipuri words are used contextually.
This glossary, together with 07_semantic_analysis.md, extends but does not alter the Romans baseline Language Package. All Phase 2 Luke-curriculum translation work must load this glossary alongside translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json before processing any segment.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: মথৌ তাদনা পীবা তেংবাং
Transliteration: mathou tadana piba tengbang
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা (bhakti-responsive favor, avoid as primary term), পুণ্য (devotional merit, never use)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Attested in Luke 1-2 (Mary’s ‘favor’ with God) as unmerited divine initiative, not merit or bhakti-responsive favor.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক
Transliteration: achumba chatnabirak
Doctrine: Righteousness
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম (Hindu-derived religious-duty sense, avoid)
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Relevant at Luke 1:6 (Zechariah and Elizabeth), 23 (centurion’s dikaios confession).
Justification
Approved rendering: অচুম্বা ওইহনবা
Transliteration: achumba oihanba
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: ময়ামদা কোকপা (forgiveness alone, too narrow)
Original: δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Directly load-bearing at Luke 18:14: the tax collector ‘went down to his house justified,’ not the self-righteous Pharisee; must resist any bhakti-merit reading in which humility itself becomes a devotional achievement.
Salvation
Approved rendering: অহানবা
Transliteration: ahanba
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: মোক্ষ (Vaishnava liberation, never use), লাইনিং (devotional union/absorption, never use)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root for new Luke-specific coinages (savior/অহানবিবা). Attested throughout Luke 1-19.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: সিবদগী হিংজত-লকপা
Transliteration: sibadagi hingjat-lakpa
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম (rebirth/reincarnation, never use)
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Luke, must be explicitly distinguished in translator notes from the earlier temporary resuscitation-signs (7:11-17 widow of Nain; 8:49-56 Jairus’ daughter), which point toward but are not identical with the definitive resurrection of chapter 24.
Lord
Approved rendering: মপু ইবুংগো
Transliteration: Mapu Ibungo
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঠাকুর (Krishna-specific devotional title, avoid)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied to the infant Christ (2:11) and claimed by Jesus as Lord of the Sabbath (6:5); also relevant to the Son of David/Lord riddle (20:41-44).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী মচানুপা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi machanupa
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: অবতার (avatar, explicit downgrade, rejected)
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Declared at annunciation (1:32-35), baptism (3:22), and transfiguration (9:35).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: মীওইগী মহৈ লৌবা
Transliteration: miwoigi mahai louba
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: অবতার (never use)
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Governs Luke’s virgin conception and birth narrative (1:31-35; 2:1-7); the eternal Son’s permanent, unique assumption of human nature, once, not a recurring divine descent as enacted in Ras Lila performance.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ক্রিস্তো
Transliteration: Christo
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Peter’s confession (9:20); root of anointing_of_jesus below, directly relevant to the core passage Luke 4:18.
Jesus
Approved rendering: জিসু
Transliteration: Jisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপু
Transliteration: Tengban Mapu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঠাকুর (avoid), সানামাহি (never use as primary term)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই অসেংবা
Transliteration: Thawai Asengba
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: থাওয়াই alone (Sanamahi ancestral/Umang Lai spirit sense, never use bare except the single marked exception below), শক্তি (maibi trance-power, never use)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, but Luke’s narrative gives the Spirit far more concentrated personal agency than Romans (conception 1:35, John’s filling 1:15,41, Zechariah’s prophecy 1:67, Simeon 2:25-27, Jesus’ baptism 3:22, wilderness-leading 4:1, Nazareth anointing 4:18, the Father’s gift 11:13, power from on high 24:49). Must always appear in full; the ONE deliberately marked exception is Jesus’ own human spirit at death (23:46, see human_spirit_of_jesus below), which must carry an explicit disambiguation note.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: পীথোকপা অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক
Transliteration: pithokpa achumba chatnabirak
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: ফংলকপা অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক (earned righteousness, rejected opposite)
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Thematically parallel to the justified tax collector of Luke 18:9-14.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: নুংশিবা
Transliteration: nungshiba
Doctrine: Love of God and Neighbor
Rejected alternatives: প্রেম (prema — the romantic-devotional Radha-Krishna love celebrated in Ras Lila; NEVER use for agapē)
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Love of God and Neighbor
NEW doctrine surfaced by Luke, not addressed by the Romans baseline. Self-giving, unconditional love commanded toward God, neighbor, and even enemies (6:27-36; 10:27), and modeled by the father of the prodigal son (15:20). নুংশিবা, the plain non-devotional-technical Meitei word for love/affection, is required; প্রেম would import an erotic bhakti-devotional frame. Parallel in severity to the baseline’s grace/কৃপা caution.
Release Liberty
Approved rendering: থাদোকপা
Transliteration: thadokpa
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Compassion and Justice
Manipuri has no single word spanning both senses of Greek aphesis (‘release/liberty’ here at 4:18, ‘forgiveness of sins’ elsewhere at 1:77, 3:3, 24:47). A standing cross-reference note connecting থাদোকপা with পাপ কোকপা must accompany every occurrence of either. Escalated to Critical because this is the core passage’s own vocabulary.
Anointing Of Jesus
Approved rendering: থাওয়াইনা চাংইনবা
Transliteration: thawaina changinba
Doctrine: Messianic Self-Disclosure at Nazareth
Rejected alternatives: abhisheka-adjacent Hindu ritual-consecration vocabulary, never use, vocabulary evoking the historic Pakhangba-lineage royal anointing of Meitei kingship, never use, Sanamahi ritual anointing practice vocabulary, never use
Original: χρίω
Category: Christology
The Spirit’s anointing/setting-apart of Jesus for messianic office (Luke 4:18), the very act underlying the title ‘Christ’ (ক্রিস্তো) itself. This is Jesus’ own unique, unrepeatable messianic self-disclosure at the curriculum’s core passage — the single highest-salience new collision risk in this curriculum, parallel in severity to the baseline’s incarnation/অবতার caution.
Fulfilled
Approved rendering: মপুং ফাবা
Transliteration: mapung phaba
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: any cyclical avatar-descent framing, rejected
Original: πληρόω
Category: Covenant
Perfect-tense declaration that Old Testament prophecy has been definitively realized in a historical event (Luke 4:21, core passage; 24:44). Reused from the Luke doctrine registry’s naming convention; must convey linear, once-for-all fulfillment in Christ.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: মীওইগী মচানুপা
Transliteration: miwoigi machanupa
Doctrine: Son of Man Identity
Rejected alternatives: অবতার-adjacent framing as a temporary human appearance of a deity, NEVER use, mere ordinary human-sonship gloss, rejected
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
Jesus’ distinctive self-designation combining true humanity, divine authority, foretold suffering, and eschatological glory (Daniel 7); recurs at 5:24; 9:22,26,58; 12:8-10; 19:10; 21:27; 22:69. Has no equivalent category in either Sanamahi or Vaishnava tradition; always requires explanatory apparatus, never left to stand alone.
Unclean Spirit
Approved rendering: ফৎতবা থাওয়াই
Transliteration: phattaba thawai
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict and Exorcism
Rejected alternatives: Umang Lai nature-deity terminology, NEVER use, Apokpa ancestral-spirit terminology, NEVER use
Original: πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον / δαιμόνιον
Category: Spiritual Conflict
A hostile spiritual being causing affliction/possession, cast out by Jesus as a sign of the kingdom’s in-breaking authority (4:33-36; 8:26-39; 9:37-43; 11:14-26). Must never be confused with the Sanamahi spirit-world’s ancestral or nature-deities.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: নাইদবা হিংবা
Transliteration: naidaba hingba
Doctrine: Salvation and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: মোক্ষ (Vaishnava liberation, NEVER use), any rebirth-cycle-escape framing, NEVER use
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
Unending, resurrection-quality life in relational fellowship with God (10:25-28; 18:18-30). Relational life with a personal God, not liberation from a rebirth cycle.
Blasphemy Against Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই অসেংবাগী মথক্তা ৱা শাবা
Transliteration: Thawai Asengbagi mathakta wa shaba
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον
Category: God
The unforgivable sin of definitively rejecting the Spirit’s own testimony to Christ (12:10). Must always use the full থাওয়াই অসেংবা form; requires careful pastoral framing.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: অনৌবা ৱারেপ্পা
Transliteration: anouba wareppa
Doctrine: Atonement and the New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: indigenous Sanamahi sacrificial ritual-offering logic, never use as equivalent
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
The covenant inaugurated by Christ’s atoning death at the Last Supper (22:14-20). Escalated per the baseline’s atonement/propitiation review rule; requires human theologian review at every occurrence.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: হক্চাং / ঈ
Transliteration: hakchang / i
Doctrine: Atonement and the New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: indigenous sacrificial-offering ritual logic, never use as equivalent, Vaishnava prasad devotional-food logic, never use as equivalent
Original: σῶμα / αἷμα
Category: Atonement
Christ’s own body and blood, given and shed for the disciples, instituted as an ongoing covenant memorial (22:19-20). Same escalation rule as the baseline’s Romans 3:25 note; requires human theologian review at every occurrence.
Paradise
Approved rendering: পারাদিস
Transliteration: paradis
Doctrine: The Afterlife and the Intermediate State
Rejected alternatives: Vaishnava Vaikuntha/Goloka, NEVER use, Hindu Swarga, NEVER use as equivalent
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Afterlife
The immediate, conscious presence of Christ promised to the penitent thief after death, distinct from final bodily resurrection (23:43).
Human Spirit Of Jesus
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই
Transliteration: thawai
Doctrine: Son of Man Identity
Original: πνεῦμα (human-spirit sense)
Category: Christology
Jesus’ own human spirit/breath of life, committed to the Father at death (23:46) — NOT the Holy Spirit. This is the rare correct use of bare থাওয়াই without অসেংবা; a MANDATORY translator disambiguation note is required at this occurrence so it is never confused with the Holy Spirit.
Savior
Approved rendering: অহানবিবা
Transliteration: ahanbiba
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: a মোক্ষ-granting figure, NEVER use as equivalent, a bhakti-devotional deliverer, NEVER use as equivalent
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
One who rescues/delivers, the title given to the newborn Jesus by the angel to the shepherds (2:11). Built explicitly on the already-fenced অহানবা (salvation) root to keep the doctrinal connection unambiguous; this is the term’s first standalone use in this Language Package and should be monitored.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: নুংঙাইবগী পাউ
Transliteration: nungngaibagi pao
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Luke, Jesus himself uses the verb form (euangelisasthai, Luke 4:18) to name his own preaching; keep distinguished from Vaishnava devotional-calendar festival announcements (Ras Lila performances, Krishna Janmashtami).
Faith
Approved rendering: থাজবা
Transliteration: thajaba
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ভক্তি (bhakti, too specific to Vaishnava devotional practice)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luke’s Gentile centurion (7:9) is a key test case for faith crossing ethnic boundaries; object of faith must always be named.
Called
Approved rendering: কৌখিবা
Transliteration: koukhiba
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Context-sensitive across Luke’s calling of disciples (5, 6, 9); must be distinguished from a maibi being ritually seized by an Umang Lai deity during Lai Haraoba trance.
Calling
Approved rendering: কৌবগী থৌদাং
Transliteration: koubagi thoudang
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Holy
Approved rendering: অসেংবা
Transliteration: asengba
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শেংবা (ritual purity only)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Attested at Luke 1:35, 1:49,75.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: অসেংবা ওইহনবা
Transliteration: asengba oihanba
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Law
Approved rendering: য়াথাং
Transliteration: yathang
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম (avoid the Hindu-derived religious-duty sense)
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Attested at the temple presentation (2:22-24) and resurrection narrative (24:44); root reused for scribe_lawyer below (য়াথাং ওজা).
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root reused for sinner (পাপ্পা মীওই) and forgiveness_of_sins (পাপ কোকপা) below.
Glory
Approved rendering: মতিক চাউবা
Transliteration: matik chauba
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Attested at the nativity (2:9) and transfiguration (9:32); avoid metaphors conflating with Ras Lila performance staging’s evocation of Krishna’s own divine radiance.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী পাংথোক-থেংনবা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi pangthok-thengnaba
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি (maibi trance-power / goddess-power, never use)
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Governs the conception of Christ (1:35) and the ascension promise, ‘power from on high’ (24:49).
Covenant
Approved rendering: ৱারেপ্পা
Transliteration: wareppa
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Referenced in Zechariah’s prophecy (1:72); root of new_covenant compound below (Luke 22).
Election
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী খনবা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi khanba
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ৱাইফম (fate, never use)
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied to Christ as God’s ‘Chosen One’ at the transfiguration (9:35).
Providence
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী থৌরাং
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi thourang
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ৱাইফম (fate, never use)
Original: πρόνοια (cf. Luke 12:6-7, 21:18, 22:22)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Governs Christ’s own path to the cross (22:22,42) and the sparrows/hairs-of-your-head teaching (12:6-7).
Father
Approved rendering: ইপা
Transliteration: Ipa
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Addressed by Jesus throughout Luke’s prayer scenes, the Lord’s Prayer (11:2), and Gethsemane (22:42).
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: দাউদগী চা-চাহি
Transliteration: Daudgi cha-chahi
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Prominent throughout Luke’s genealogy (3:31), infancy narrative, and the blind beggar’s cry ‘Son of David’ (18:38-39).
Repentance
Approved rendering: পুক্নিং হোংবা
Transliteration: pukning hongba
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: প্রায়শ্চিত্ত-adjacent ritual atonement vocabulary, never use, Lai Haraoba/Umang Lai propitiation-offering vocabulary, never use
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Repentance
A change of mind and heart, turning from sin toward God; preached by John the Baptist (3), Jesus (5,13,15,17), and commissioned to the church (24:47). A personal moral reorientation, not ritual purification.
Forgiveness Of Sins
Approved rendering: পাপ কোকপা
Transliteration: pap kokpa
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Repentance
Shares its Greek root (aphesis) with ‘release to the captives’ (Luke 4:18, see release_liberty below). A standing cross-reference translator note is REQUIRED wherever either term occurs, so the doctrinal unity of Luke’s programmatic announcement is not lost across the two Manipuri words.
Poor
Approved rendering: মথৌ তাবা
Transliteration: mathou taba
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: a purely spiritualized ‘poor in spirit only’ gloss, rejected, দান-framed merit-almsgiving recipient framing, rejected
Original: πτωχός
Category: Compassion and Justice
The economically destitute; primary addressee of Jesus’ programmatic Nazareth mission statement (4:18) and the Beatitudes (6:20). Must retain full socioeconomic force at every occurrence (4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:19-31; 18:22; 21:1-4).
Captive
Approved rendering: ফদবা মীওই
Transliteration: phadaba miwoi
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: αἰχμάλωτος
Category: Compassion and Justice
Those bound, exiled, or imprisoned, literal or figurative; recipients of Jesus’ proclaimed release (4:18). Must not be flattened to a purely spiritual metaphor.
Oppressed Crushed
Approved rendering: ফৎতবা ওইরিবা মীওইশিং
Transliteration: phattaba oiriba miwoishing
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: τεθραυσμένος
Category: Compassion and Justice
Those shattered by hardship, oppression, or affliction, extending the poor/captive/blind triad at Luke 4:18. Must not be softened.
Acceptable Year Of The Lord
Approved rendering: মপু ইবুংগোগী চাউথোকপা চাহি
Transliteration: Mapu Ibungogi chauthokpa chahi
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: any framing as a repeatable festival season parallel to Lai Haraoba or the Vaishnava festival calendar (Ras Lila, Janmashtami), rejected
Original: ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός
Category: Kingdom
Jubilee-echoing (Isaiah 61:2) ‘year of the Lord’s favor,’ announcing the in-breaking of God’s kingdom favor inaugurated in Jesus at the core passage (Luke 4:19). Unique, unrepeatable, salvation-historical.
Today Fulfilled
Approved rendering: ঙসি
Transliteration: ngasi
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: a vague ‘in these days’ softening, rejected
Original: σήμερον
Category: Kingdom
The decisive historical ‘now’ of prophetic fulfillment in Jesus’ own person and ministry (Luke 4:21, core passage). Must preserve present-tense theological immediacy, resisting Vaishnavism’s cyclical avatar-descent framework in which further fulfillments remain conceptually open.
Disciple
Approved rendering: তমজবা
Transliteration: tamjaba
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: শিষ্য (the devotee-disciple term within Manipuri Vaishnavism’s active guru-shishya lineage tradition, NEVER use)
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
A learner/follower who adheres to Jesus’ person and way of life, called to costly total allegiance (5,6,9,10,14,22). A Christian disciple follows Christ personally, not a human guru within an ongoing devotional-transmission lineage.
Devil Satan
Approved rendering: শয়তান
Transliteration: Shoitan
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict and Exorcism
Rejected alternatives: Umang Lai deity terminology, never use, Sanamahi ancestral (Apokpa) spirit terminology, never use
Original: διάβολος / Σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Conflict
The personal, hostile spiritual adversary who tempts Jesus (4:1-13) and opposes the kingdom’s advance (10:18; 22:3,31,53). Distinct from Sanamahism’s largely benevolent, populated spirit-world.
Temptation Testing
Approved rendering: থাংগৎপা
Transliteration: thanggatpa
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict and Exorcism
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Spiritual Conflict
A trial designed to induce sin or test faithfulness, endured by Jesus in the wilderness (4:1-13) and named again at Gethsemane and the Lord’s Prayer (11:4; 22:40,46).
Authority Exousia
Approved rendering: ফংবা মতিক
Transliteration: phangba matik
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
Delegated right/power to act, claimed distinctly by Jesus for forgiving sins (5:20-21) and kingdom authority (20:2). Ties directly to the forgiveness-of-sins and Son-of-Man doctrines.
Table Fellowship
Approved rendering: লোইনা চাক চাবা
Transliteration: loina chak chaba
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: generic hospitality framing that loses the boundary-crossing point, rejected
Original: συνανάκειμαι
Category: Compassion and Table Fellowship
Reclining/eating together, a strong marker of social acceptance, extended by Jesus deliberately to tax collectors and sinners (5:29-32; 7:36-50; 15:1-2; 19:1-10). Meitei clan (yumnak) dining custom and historically Vaishnava ritual-purity-adjacent dining rules give this its own social-boundary weight; must be taught as a deliberate, radical reversal of exclusion.
Blessed Makarios
Approved rendering: য়াইফবা
Transliteration: yaifaba
Doctrine: Kingdom Ethics of Reversal
Rejected alternatives: a prosperity-gospel reading, rejected, a purely future-only otherworldly-only reading, rejected
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom
Divinely favored/fortunate, pronounced over the poor, hungry, weeping, and persecuted regardless of present circumstance (Luke 6:20-22). Confirm exact rendering with a native speaker; central to the reversal-ethic.
Lost
Approved rendering: মংবা
Transliteration: mangba
Doctrine: Salvation and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: impersonal, fatalistic doom framing, rejected
Original: ἀπολωλός
Category: Salvation
That which has strayed or perished and is actively sought and found — the lost sheep, coin, and son (15), and Luke 19:10’s programmatic ‘the Son of Man came to seek and save the lost.’ Must retain the relational, sought-after sense.
Joy
Approved rendering: নুংঙাইবা
Transliteration: nungngaiba
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: Ras Lila/Lai Haraoba seasonal festival-gladness framing, rejected
Original: χαρά
Category: Discipleship
Gladness/rejoicing, especially heaven’s own joy over one repentant sinner (15:7,10,32). Reuses the joy root already embedded in নুংঙাইবগী পাউ (gospel); must be distinguished from calendrical festival celebration.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী ৱাহেই
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi wahei
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Scripture
God’s authoritative, living speech, received/rejected in the Parable of the Sower (8:11-15). Must convey living, unique divine speech, not one teaching among many.
Humility Exaltation
Approved rendering: নোল্লাকপা / ৱাংথোকপা
Transliteration: nollakpa / wangthokpa
Doctrine: Kingdom Ethics of Reversal
Rejected alternatives: a social-etiquette-only reading, rejected
Original: ταπεινός / ὑψόω
Category: Kingdom
The kingdom-reversal principle that self-lowering before God results in divine exaltation, and self-exaltation results in humbling (1:52; 14:11; 18:14). This is God’s own action, not a manners maxim.
Cross Stauros
Approved rendering: ক্রুস
Transliteration: krus
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: a protective/superstitious-symbol reading, rejected
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
The instrument of Roman execution, taken up daily by disciples (9:23; 14:27) and finally borne literally by Jesus (23). Must convey ongoing costly self-denial and Christ’s own atoning death.
Mammon
Approved rendering: মম্মোন
Transliteration: Mammon
Doctrine: Kingdom Ethics of Reversal
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Ethics
Personified wealth treated as a rival master (16:13). The ‘master’ (kyrios) here is the everyday-master sense, NOT the exclusive-Lordship title reserved for Christ; a disambiguation note is required so মপু ইবুংগো is never implied.
Hades
Approved rendering: শিবগী মফম
Transliteration: sibagi mafam
Doctrine: The Afterlife and the Intermediate State
Rejected alternatives: Vaishnava Naraka concept, never use as equivalent, Sanamahi Apokpa ancestral-spirit realm, never use as equivalent
Original: Ἅδης
Category: Afterlife
The intermediate state/place of the dead before final judgment, depicted in the Rich Man and Lazarus parable (16:19-31).
Watch And Pray
Approved rendering: য়েংশিনবা
Transliteration: yengshinba
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: passive fatalistic-waiting framing, rejected
Original: γρηγορέω
Category: Kingdom
Eschatological alertness joined to persistent prayer, commanded in view of the coming Son of Man (12:35-40; 21:34-36). Convey active, hopeful readiness for a personal Lord’s return.
Ascension
Approved rendering: স্বর্গদা লৌথোকপা
Transliteration: swargada louthokpa
Doctrine: Ascension and Exaltation of Christ
Rejected alternatives: a devotional-apotheosis reading, rejected, a recurring divine ascent/descent pattern reading (as in some Vaishnava avatar theology), rejected
Original: ἀναλαμβάνω
Category: Christology
Christ’s bodily return to the Father’s presence and exaltation, closing Luke’s Gospel (24:50-53); anticipates Pentecost. A unique, historical, bodily exaltation event.
Heaven
Approved rendering: স্বর্গ
Transliteration: swarga
Doctrine: Ascension and Exaltation of Christ
Rejected alternatives: conflation with Vaishnava Vaikuntha/Goloka, flagged for avoidance, conflation with Hindu Swarga’s cyclical-cosmology associations, flagged for avoidance
Original: οὐρανός
Category: Afterlife
God’s dwelling/realm and the believer’s future hope, referenced from the angelic announcements to the ascension. Widely used South Asian Christian loanword; recommend theologian sign-off per occurrence in doctrinally sensitive passages and consider the disambiguating compound তেংবাং মপুগী মফম where risk is highest (e.g., 10:20, 15:7).
Scribe Lawyer
Approved rendering: য়াথাং ওজা
Transliteration: yathang oja
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: শাস্ত্রী (a Vaishnava religious scholar/pandit title, NEVER use)
Original: γραμματεύς / νομικός
Category: Social-Religious Groups
An expert in the Mosaic Law, recurring interlocutor of Jesus (5,7,10,11,14,20). Using শাস্ত্রী would wrongly place biblical scribes/lawyers inside the active Vaishnava teaching hierarchy.
Redemption
Approved rendering: হন্দোকপা
Transliteration: handokpa
Doctrine: Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
Rescue/deliverance from bondage, used both of hoped-for historical deliverance (1:68; 2:38) and final eschatological deliverance (21:28). Distinguish these two senses with an explicit translator note at each occurrence; must point forward to, never substitute for, অহানবা (salvation).
Horn Of Salvation
Approved rendering: পাংথোক-থেংনবগী অহানবা
Transliteration: pangthok-thengnabagi ahanba
Doctrine: Salvation and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি (forbidden per baseline, associated with maibi trance-power)
Original: κέρας σωτηρίας
Category: Salvation
A Hebraic idiom for mighty, decisive deliverance, applied to the Davidic Messiah in Zechariah’s prophecy (1:69).
Mercy Compassion
Approved rendering: চানবিবা
Transliteration: chanbiba
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: ritual or mechanical almsgiving performed to build devotional merit (দান-style), rejected as equivalent
Original: ἔλεος / σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Compassion and Justice
God’s covenant-loyalty compassion and Jesus’ own gut-level pity moving to action, shown to the widow of Nain (7:13), the Good Samaritan model (10:33), and the prodigal’s father (15:20). Confirm with native speaker.
Light To The Gentiles
Approved rendering: মাংঙাল
Transliteration: mangal
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: narrowing to one ethnic group’s exclusive benefit, rejected
Original: φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν
Category: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Israel’s promised messianic light now extended to all nations (2:32, Simeon’s citation of Isaiah). Retain full universal scope, echoing the baseline’s caution about Manipur’s ethnic-community sensitivities.
Wrath To Come
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী মৈ হৌবা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi mei houba
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: ৱাইফম (impersonal fate/karmic retribution, NEVER use)
Original: ὀργή
Category: Judgment
God’s righteous judgment against sin, warned of by John the Baptist (3:7). Must convey personal, righteous divine judgment, not impersonal karmic retribution.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: তবিদগী থাবিরকপা
Transliteration: tabidagi thabirakpa
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The Twelve are formally named apostles at Luke 6:13.
Peace
Approved rendering: ইনগবা
Transliteration: ingba
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Pronounced by Jesus over the healed and forgiven at Luke 7:50 and 8:48.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: থাওয়াইগী খুদোল
Transliteration: thawaigi khudol
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি (maibi trance-power, never use)
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not directly attested in Luke’s Gospel narrative; retained for continuity with Acts/Epistles usage.
Church
Approved rendering: কলিসিয়া
Transliteration: kalisiya
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: মন্দির (Vaishnava temple, never use), উমাং লাই থাবা (Umang Lai sacred grove, never use)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not directly attested in Luke’s Gospel (ekklesia is reserved for Acts); retained for cross-document consistency and distinguished here from Luke’s synagogue term (see synagogue below).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী লৈপাক
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi leipak
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Attested throughout Luke 4-22; must not collapse into the historic Meitei kingship’s own royal-divine-lineage political framing tied to Pakhangba descent.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: অতোপ্পা ফুরুপ
Transliteration: atoppa phurup
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Explicit in Luke’s universal-salvation framing (2:32; 3:6; 24:47).
Intercession
Approved rendering: মখোয়গী মফমদা হায়জবা
Transliteration: makhoigi mafamda haijaba
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: ἔντευξις (cf. general prayer-on-behalf-of language)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root reused for the general ‘prayer’ term below (হায়জবা).
Mission
Approved rendering: পাউ সন্দোকপগী থৌদাং
Transliteration: pao sandokpagi thoudang
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω / ἀποστέλλω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Governs the sending of the Twelve (9:1-6) and the Seventy (10:1-12); frame as the church’s own calling, not a foreign or colonial-coded project, given Manipur’s mission-history sensitivities.
Israel
Approved rendering: ইস্রায়েল
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Blind Sight Recovery
Approved rendering: মিত্তাবা
Transliteration: mittaba
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: τυφλός / ἀνάβλεψις
Category: Compassion and Justice
Physical blindness and its healing; a messianic sign (Isaiah 35:5; 42:7), extended to individual healing miracles (7:21; 18:35-43). Confirm exact lexical form with a native speaker.
Synagogue
Approved rendering: সিনাগগ
Transliteration: sinagog
Doctrine: Church as Gathered Community and Worship Setting
Rejected alternatives: কলিসিয়া (church, reserved for the new covenant assembly, not this institution), মন্দির (Vaishnava temple, never use), Umang Lai sacred-grove terminology, never use
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Church
The local Jewish gathering-place/assembly, the setting of Jesus’ Nazareth sermon (4:16,20; also 6:6; 13:10). Must remain clearly distinct from the three other worship-site categories in Meitei religious geography.
Prayer
Approved rendering: হায়জবা
Transliteration: haijaba
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Rejected alternatives: petitions carried to the Umang Lai through a maibi/maiba, never use as equivalent, Vaishnava japa/kirtan devotional recitation, never use as equivalent
Original: προσευχή / προσεύχομαι
Category: Prayer
Direct petition/communication with God, modeled throughout Luke by Jesus’ own practice (3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18,28-29; 11:1-13; 22:39-46). Models direct filial access, not ritual intermediation.
Leprosy
Approved rendering: ক্ষয়রোগী
Transliteration: khoyrogi
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: λεπρός
Category: Compassion and Table Fellowship
A skin disease bearing severe ritual-impurity and social-exclusion stigma (5:12-14; 17:11-19). Must not be assimilated into existing ritual-purity systems practiced in Vaishnava or Sanamahi observance; confirm exact lexical form with a native speaker.
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: কর খোমজবা
Transliteration: kar khomjaba
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: τελώνης
Category: Compassion and Table Fellowship
A Roman tax contractor, socially despised as a collaborator; recurring recipient of Jesus’ deliberate table fellowship (5:27-32; 7:34; 15:1-2; 18:9-14; 19:1-10).
Sinner
Approved rendering: পাপ্পা মীওই
Transliteration: pappa miwoi
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Compassion and Table Fellowship
One characterized/marked by sin, a social-religious outcast category deliberately welcomed by Jesus (5,6,7,15,18,19).
Woe
Approved rendering: ফত্তবা ৱারোল
Transliteration: phattaba warol
Doctrine: Kingdom Ethics of Reversal
Original: οὐαί
Category: Kingdom
A pronouncement of coming judgment/misfortune, paired antithetically with the blessings (6:24-26).
Sabbath
Approved rendering: সাব্বাথ
Transliteration: Sabbath
Doctrine: Sabbath and Christ’s Lordship Over the Law
Original: σάββατον
Category: Covenant
The seventh-day rest and weekly synagogue-gathering day, recurring setting for Jesus’ healing and Lordship controversies (4:16; 6:1-11; 13:10-17; 14:1-6). Must be kept distinct from the Lai Haraoba festival calendar and the Vaishnava fasting/observance calendar (e.g., Ekadashi).
Neighbor
Approved rendering: নকশিংবা মীওই
Transliteration: nakshingba miwoi
Doctrine: Love of God and Neighbor
Original: πλησίον
Category: Ethics
One to whom love and mercy are owed, redefined by the Good Samaritan parable (10:25-37) to cross entrenched ethnic-religious boundaries. Must not be mapped directly onto Manipur’s contemporary inter-community tensions.
Samaritan
Approved rendering: শামরিয়া
Transliteration: Samaria
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles and Mission to the Nations
Original: Σαμαρίτης
Category: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
A member of a religiously and ethnically estranged neighboring people, made the hero of Jesus’ neighbor-love parable (10:33-35) and the one grateful leper who returns (17:16).
Parable
Approved rendering: উপমা
Transliteration: upama
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: παραβολή
Category: Teaching
An illustrative comparison/story used to teach spiritual truth, Jesus’ characteristic teaching form throughout Luke (8,10,12,13,14,15,16,18,19,20). Common South Asian Christian-literature loanword, low collision risk.
Daily Bread
Approved rendering: ঙসিগী চাক
Transliteration: ngasigi chak
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Rejected alternatives: Umang Lai food-offering ritual-favor logic, never use as equivalent, Vaishnava prasad devotional food-logic, never use as equivalent
Original: τὸν ἄρτον τὸν ἐπιούσιον
Category: Prayer
Sufficient provision for today, requested in the Lord’s Prayer (11:3) as an expression of daily dependence on God.
Covetousness
Approved rendering: থাওবা পাম্বা
Transliteration: thaoba pamba
Doctrine: Kingdom Ethics of Reversal
Original: πλεονεξία
Category: Ethics
Greedy craving for more possessions, condemned in the Parable of the Rich Fool (12:15-21).
Anxiety
Approved rendering: থমোই ৱাংবা
Transliteration: thamoi wangba
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: μεριμνάω
Category: Prayer
Worry/care that displaces trust in God’s provision, addressed by Jesus’ ‘do not be anxious’ teaching (12:22-31).
Faithful Steward
Approved rendering: য়ুমগী থৌদাংবু য়েংশিনবা মী
Transliteration: yumgi thoudangbu yengshinba mi
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: οἰκονόμος πιστός
Category: Kingdom
A household manager entrusted with responsibility, figure for eschatological watchfulness (12:42-48; 16:1-13).
Narrow Door
Approved rendering: থোং হানবা
Transliteration: thong hanba
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: θύρα στενή
Category: Kingdom
The urgent, limited-time entry into the kingdom of God (13:24). Convey urgency, not architectural literalism.
Great Banquet
Approved rendering: চাক-থাক
Transliteration: chak-thak
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: mere cultural festival-feasting framing (Ras Lila feast days, Lai Haraoba community feasts), rejected
Original: δεῖπνον μέγα
Category: Kingdom
Eschatological kingdom-inclusion imagery in which the poor, crippled, and outcast are invited (14:15-24).
Inherit Eternal Life
Approved rendering: থাক লৌবা
Transliteration: thak louba
Doctrine: Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: κληρονομέω ζωὴν αἰώνιον
Category: Salvation
Receiving the promised eternal inheritance, asked about by the rich young ruler (18:18) and the lawyer (10:25). Ties to the baseline’s adoption doctrine’s full-inheritance-rights sense.
Justice Vindication
Approved rendering: অচুম্বা ৱাফম
Transliteration: achumba wafam
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: ἐκδίκησις
Category: Prayer
Legal vindication/rightful judgment, sought by the persistent widow as a model for persevering prayer (18:1-8).
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: য়ুমগী মপুরোইবা নুং
Transliteration: yumgi mapuroiba nung
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: κεφαλὴ γωνίας
Category: Christology
Christ as the rejected-yet-foundational stone (Psalm 118:22), cited in the Parable of the Wicked Tenants (20:17-18).
Widow
Approved rendering: লুকমী
Transliteration: lukmi
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: χήρα
Category: Compassion and Justice
A woman without a husband, socially/economically vulnerable, repeatedly the object of Jesus’ particular attention (2:37; 4:25-26; 7:12; 18:1-8; 20:47; 21:1-4). Confirm exact lexical form with a native speaker.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: নিংশিংবা
Transliteration: ningshingba
Doctrine: Atonement and the New Covenant
Original: ἀνάμνησις
Category: Church
A covenant memorial act commanded at the Last Supper (22:19, ‘do this in remembrance of me’). Must convey covenant memorial, not repeated propitiatory ritual offering.
Witnesses
Approved rendering: সাক্ষী
Transliteration: sakshi
Doctrine: Mission and Witness
Original: μάρτυς
Category: Mission
Authorized, personal eyewitness-proclaimers of the risen Christ, commissioned at the close of Luke’s Gospel (24:48).
Passover
Approved rendering: পাস্খা
Transliteration: Paskha
Doctrine: Civil Authority and Government
Original: πάσχα
Category: Covenant
The Jewish feast of deliverance from Egypt, setting of the Last Supper (22). Confirm against a printed Manipuri Bible edition; retain Old Testament covenant-deliverance background.
Consolation
Approved rendering: থমোই হৌদোকপা
Transliteration: thamoi houdokpa
Doctrine: Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Eschatology
The hoped-for messianic comfort awaited by Simeon and Anna (2:25,38).
Harvest
Approved rendering: লৌ লকপা
Transliteration: lou lakpa
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: θερισμός
Category: Kingdom
Agricultural image for the urgent gathering of people into the kingdom, prompting the sending of the Seventy (10:2).
Rich
Approved rendering: থাওবা মীওই
Transliteration: thaoba miwoi
Doctrine: Kingdom Ethics of Reversal
Original: πλούσιος
Category: Compassion and Justice
The economically wealthy, repeatedly placed by Luke in tension with, and called to reversal alongside, ‘the poor’ (1,6,12,14,16,18). Must not be moralized into simple wealth-condemnation without Luke’s relational/kingdom framing.
Baptism
Approved rendering: বাপ্তিস্মা
Transliteration: baptisma
Doctrine: Baptism and Repentance
Rejected alternatives: Lai Haraoba ritual purification, never use as equivalent, Vaishnava ceremonial bathing (snana), never use as equivalent
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Repentance
Ritual immersion signifying repentance and cleansing, proclaimed by John and undergone by Jesus (Luke 3).
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: থাগৎচরি
Transliteration: thagatchari
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exemplified by the healed Samaritan leper (17:16) and at the Last Supper (22:17,19).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: লোইনবা
Transliteration: loinaba
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root reused for Luke’s new ‘table fellowship’ compound (see table_fellowship below).
Prophet
Approved rendering: তোঙান তোঙানবা ফোংদোকপা
Transliteration: tongan tonganba phongdokpa
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: মৈবা (Sanamahi ritual specialist/healer, never use)
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied to John the Baptist and, self-referentially, to Jesus at Nazareth (4:24).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ফোংদোকপা ৱারোল
Transliteration: phongdokpa warol
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
David
Approved rendering: দাউদ
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Attested at Luke 1, 2, 3, 18, 20.
Exhort
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই পীবা
Transliteration: thawai piba
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω / στηρίζω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Christ’s charge to Peter to strengthen his brothers, Luke 22:32.
Isaiah
Approved rendering: যিশাইয়া
Transliteration: Yishaiya
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: Ἠσαΐας
Category: Proper Names
The Old Testament prophet whose scroll Jesus reads and applies to himself at Nazareth (4:17, core passage). Confirm against a current printed Manipuri Bible edition.
Pharisee
Approved rendering: ফরীশী
Transliteration: Farishi
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: Φαρισαῖος
Category: Social-Religious Groups
Standard transliteration of a first-century Jewish religious-legal movement, frequently in dialogue/controversy with Jesus.
Sadducee
Approved rendering: সদ্দূকী
Transliteration: Saddu ki
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: Σαδδουκαῖος
Category: Social-Religious Groups
First-century Jewish party denying bodily resurrection, disputing this with Jesus in Luke 20.
Pilate Herod Barabbas
Approved rendering: পীলাত / হেরোদ / বারাব্বা
Transliteration: Pilat / Herod / Barabba
Doctrine: Civil Authority and Government
Original: Πιλάτος / Ἡρώδης / Βαραββᾶς
Category: Proper Names
Historical figures in Jesus’ trial and crucifixion narrative (3, 13, 23). Standard proper-name transliteration.
Referenced passages