Core Glossary
08 — Core Glossary: Jude (English → Manipuri)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across the entire book of Jude (1:1–25). Terms marked TM REUSE already exist in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json and MUST be used exactly as recorded there. Terms marked NEW are proposed additions for this curriculum’s translation memory, pending confirmation per the risk tier’s required review routing (Critical/High → human theologian; Medium → native speaker; Low → automated).
A. Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English term | Manipuri | Transliteration | Doctrine | Risk | Key Jude passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | তেংবাং মপু | Tengban Mapu | God / Deity of Christ | Critical | 1:1, 4, 21, 25 | Reinforced by Jude’s explicit “only God” (μόνῳ θεῷ, v.25) monotheism claim |
| Lord | মপু ইবুংগো | Mapu Ibungo | Lordship of Christ | Critical | 1:4, 5(var.), 9, 17, 21, 25 | v.4 pairs this with the new “Master/Sovereign” term (δεσπότης) for double emphasis |
| Jesus | জিসু | Jisu | Lordship of Christ | Critical | 1:1, 4, 17, 21, 25 | — |
| Christ | ক্রিস্তো | Christo | Lordship of Christ | Critical | 1:1, 4, 17, 21, 25 | — |
| Holy Spirit | থাওয়াই অসেংবা | Thawai Asengba | Sanctification | Critical | 1:19 (implied, contrast), 1:20 | Must always appear in full; never bare থাওয়াই |
| grace | মথৌ তাদনা পীবা তেংবাং | mathou tadana piba tengbang | Grace | Critical | 1:4 | The single most important Jude occurrence of this Critical baseline term — grace turned into licentiousness |
| faith | থাজবা | thajaba | Faith | High | 1:3, 20 | In Jude this often leans toward the objective “body of doctrine” sense; must still avoid ভক্তি associations |
| salvation / save | অহানবা | ahanba | Salvation | Critical | 1:3, 23 | Verb form needed for v.23 (“save … by snatching”) |
| holy / saints | অসেংবা / অসেংবা মীওই | asengba / asengba miwoi | Sanctification / Sainthood | High | 1:3, 14, 20 | — |
| called | কৌখিবা | koukhiba | Divine Calling | High | 1:1 | — |
| apostle(s) | তবিদগী থাবিরকপা | tabidagi thabirakpa | Apostleship | Medium | 1:17 | — |
| sin / sinners | পাপ | pap | Universal Human Accountability | High | 1:15 | Base for new compound পাপ চোলবা মীওই (sinners) |
| glory | মতিক চাউবা | matik chauba | Deity of Christ | High | 1:8 (distinct sense — “glorious ones”), 1:24, 25 | v.8’s sense (glorious/angelic beings) differs from vv.24-25’s abstract glory; flag distinction in translator notes |
| peace | ইনগবা | ingba | Peace with God | Medium | 1:2 | Standard epistolary greeting |
| prophecy/prophesied | ফোংদোকপা ৱারোল | phongdokpa warol | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Low (High context) | 1:14 | Risk elevates in context due to non-canonical source (1 Enoch); see canonicity note |
| Israel (proper name) | ইস্রায়েল | Israel | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Medium | 1:5 (implied referent) | The people group delivered from Egypt |
B. New Terms Required for Jude (Proposed Translation Memory Additions)
B.1 Terms tied to “Contending for the Faith Once Delivered”
| English term | Manipuri | Transliteration | Greek (translit.) | Risk | Jude ref. | Rejected alternatives / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| contend for / struggle for | কান্না হোৎনবা | kanna hotnaba | epagōnizesthai | Critical | 1:3 | Rejected: any rendering suggesting সেবা (bhakti devotional service accumulating merit); this is defensive preservation of a completed gift, not merit-building |
| once for all | অমুক্তা | amukta | hapax | Critical | 1:3, 5 | Must convey unrepeatable finality; parallels baseline’s resurrection “once-for-all” note |
| delivered / entrusted | শিনবিখ্রবা | shinbikhraba | paradotheisē | Critical | 1:3 | Sensitive given Puya Meithaba manuscript-burning memory; must convey a preserved, complete deposit |
| most holy faith | অসেংবা থাজবা | asengba thajaba | hagiōtatē pistei | High | 1:20 | Compound of TM-reused অসেংবা + থাজবা |
| build up | হৌদোকহনবা | houdokhanba | epoikodomountes | Low | 1:20 | Cross-references baseline mutual_edification doctrine |
B.2 Terms tied to “Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers”
| English term | Manipuri | Transliteration | Greek (translit.) | Risk | Jude ref. | Rejected alternatives / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| judgment | ৱায়েল | wayel | krima / krisis | High | 1:4, 6, 15 | Rejected: ৱাইফম (impersonal fate, already rejected in baseline for election/providence); must be personal, judicial |
| ungodly / ungodliness | তেংবাং মপুবু ইকায়দবা | Tengban Mapubu ikaidaba | asebeis / asebeia | High | 1:4, 15 (×4), 18 | Distinct from পাপ (a discrete sin); this is a settled posture of irreverence toward God |
| licentiousness / sensuality | অনিয়ম চৎনবিরাক | aniyam chatnabirak | aselgeia | Critical | 1:4 | Directly paired with Critical grace term; must show grace-as-license is a perversion, not a valid reading |
| master / sovereign | স্বামী মপু | swami mapu | despotēs | Critical | 1:4 | Deity-of-Christ verse; must not read as a guru/teacher honorific |
| deny | য়াদবা | yadaba | arnoumenoi | High | 1:4 | Ties to lordship_of_christ doctrine |
| blaspheme | থেংনবা | thengnaba | blasphēmousin | High | 1:8, 10 | Must convey grave irreverent insult, not casual insult |
| worldly / natural (without the Spirit) | থাওয়াই অসেংবা য়াওদবা মীওই | thawai asengba yaodaba miwoi | psychikoi | High | 1:19 | Must clarify: denies possession of the Holy Spirit, NOT denial of থাওয়াই (soul) in the generic Sanamahi sense, which every human is believed to possess |
| scoffers / mockers | নোৎপা মীওই | notpa miwoi | empaiktai | Medium | 1:18 | — |
| devil / Satan | শয়তান | Shoytan | diabolos | High | 1:9 | Must be a singular personal cosmic adversary, distinct from Sanamahi’s diffuse spirit-world and Vaishnava asura/demon figures |
| woe | অৱাবা | awaba | ouai | Low-Medium | 1:11 | Prophetic judgment-oracle formula |
| composite nature-imagery (waterless clouds / fruitless trees / wild waves / wandering stars) | ইশিং লৈত্তবা লৈচিল / মহৈ লৈতবা উপাল / কুরুম্বা ইছিং / চহি লম্বী য়াওদবা থাওয়ানমী | (as listed) | vv.12-13 various | Medium | 1:12-13 | ”Wandering stars” must avoid any astrological/fortune-telling connotation |
B.3 Terms tied to “Old Testament Warnings as Types”
| English term | Manipuri | Transliteration | Greek (translit.) | Risk | Jude ref. | Rejected alternatives / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| angel | স্বর্গগী থাদোকপা | swargagi thadokpa | angelos | High | 1:6, 9 | Must NOT use লাই (generic Meitei “deity,” embedded in Umang Lai/Sanamahi Lai); angels are created, morally accountable servants of the one true God, not a semi-autonomous nature-deity pantheon |
| archangel | স্বর্গগী থাদোকপশিংগী মহৌসা | swargagi thadokpashinggi mahousa | archangelos | Medium | 1:9 | Built on angel term |
| keep / did not keep (of angels) | থাম্বা / থাম্লবা | thamba / thamlaba | tēreō | High | 1:6 | Negative counterpart of the letter’s positive “kept by God” theme |
| eternal chains | লোমহৌত্তবা য়ংবা | lomhouttaba yongba | desmois aidiois | High | 1:6 | Permanent, not cyclical, confinement |
| eternal fire | লোমহৌত্তবা মেই | lomhouttaba mei | pyros aiōniou | High | 1:7 | Must not suggest a purifying/cyclical fire |
| Sodom and Gomorrah | সোদোম অমসুং গোমোরাহ | Sodom amasung Gomorah | Sodoma kai Gomorra | Low | 1:7 | Standard transliteration |
| Enoch | এনোক | Enok | Henōch | Low | 1:14 | Source of quoted non-canonical prophecy — see canonicity note below |
| Michael | মিখায়েল | Mikhayel | Michaēl | Low | 1:9 | — |
| Moses | মোশে | Moshe | Mōuseōs | Low | 1:9 | — |
| Cain / way of Cain | কয়িনগী লম্বী | Kaingi lambi | hodō Kain | Low | 1:11 | First of the three false-teacher “type” figures |
| Balaam / error of Balaam | বালামগী অরানবা | Balamgi aranaba | planē Balaam | Medium | 1:11 | Corrupt-for-profit religious figure; parallels false teachers’ motive |
| Korah / rebellion of Korah | কোরাগী থেংথোকপা | Koragi thengthokpa | antilogia Korē | Medium | 1:11 | Rebellion against God-appointed authority |
| canonicity of Enoch/Assumption of Moses citations | (conceptual note, no single term) | — | — | Critical/High | 1:9, 14-15 | Requires explicit theologian-guided teaching: Jude’s inspired citation of non-canonical Jewish tradition does not canonize those source texts. Especially sensitive given the 1729 Puya Meithaba burning of Meitei puya manuscripts — teach with care. |
B.4 Terms tied to “Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering”
| English term | Manipuri | Transliteration | Greek (translit.) | Risk | Jude ref. | Rejected alternatives / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mercy | ৱারৈশিনবা | wareisinba | eleos | High | 1:2, 21, 22, 23 | Distinct from Critical grace term; must not collapse into bhakti’s কৃপা |
| wavering / doubting | চিংনরিবা | chingnariba | diakrinomenous | High | 1:22 | Must be clearly distinguished from the unrepentant “ungodly” false teachers — this group is shown compassion, not judgment |
| snatch / rescue | লৌথোকপা | louthokpa | harpazontes | Medium | 1:23 | Urgent, compassionate rescue — not coercive/forced conversion |
| defiled garment | মশাদবা ফুরিত | mashadaba phurit | espilōmenon chitōna | Medium | 1:23 | Metaphor for moral contamination, not literal ritual-garment purity (contrast with Lai Haraoba/Vaishnava temple-worship garment preparations) |
| love | নুংশিবা | nungshiba | agapē | Medium-High | 1:2, 12, 21 | Must be distinguished from the romantically-coded prem/bhakti devotional love of Ras Lila; agapē is covenantal, self-giving, morally serious |
| Textual variant flag | — | — | vv.22-23 manuscript variation | High | 1:22-23 | Structural decision (two vs. three groups addressed) materially affects doctrine; requires theologian resolution before translation |
B.5 Terms tied to “Kept by God and Presented Blameless”
| English term | Manipuri | Transliteration | Greek (translit.) | Risk | Jude ref. | Rejected alternatives / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| servant / slave | লান্মী | lanmi | doulos | High | 1:1 | Must clarify: willing, honored devotion to Christ, not the historical Meitei forced-servitude institution of the same name |
| brother | ইচিন | ichin | adelphos | Low | 1:1 | — |
| kept / keep (positive, of believers) | থাম্বা / থাম্রবা / থাম্মু | thamba / thamraba / thammu | tēreō | High | 1:1, 21, 24 (as φυλάξαι) | Positive counterpart of v.6’s negative use; do not confuse with maintaining ritual standing through devotional practice |
| guard (from stumbling) | ঙাক্তোকপা | ngaktokpa | phylaxai | High | 1:24 | Distinct nuance from থাম্বা — protective outcome-guarantee; ties to baseline’s assurance_of_salvation doctrine |
| blameless | মশাদাবা | mashadaba | amōmous | High | 1:24 | Result of God’s own sanctifying work, not human ascetic/ritual achievement |
| able (to keep) | পাংগল লৈবা | panggal leiba | dynamenō | High | 1:24 | Cross-references baseline power_of_god family term |
B.6 Terms tied to “Doxology and God’s Preserving Power”
| English term | Manipuri | Transliteration | Greek (translit.) | Risk | Jude ref. | Rejected alternatives / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savior | অহানবিবা | ahanbiba | sōtēri | Critical | 1:25 | Must not be confused with Krishna as devotee’s personal saviour-liberator figure |
| majesty | চাউথোকপা | chauthokpa | megalōsynē | Medium | 1:25 | — |
| dominion / might | পাংগল | panggal | kratos | Medium | 1:25 | Must not be confused with শক্তি (forbidden per baseline for maibi trance-power association) |
| authority | অধিকার | adhikar | exousia | Medium | 1:25 | Must convey God’s supreme right to rule, not mere administrative permission |
| eternal life | লোমহৌত্তবা হিংবা | lomhouttaba hingba | zōēn aiōnion | Critical | 1:21 | Must not be conflated with মোক্ষ or bhakti’s hoped-for eternal nearness to/absorption into Krishna |
| Amen | আমেন | Amen | amēn | Low | 1:25 | Standard transliteration |
C. Cross-Reference Table: Jude Terms Mapped to Curriculum Doctrines
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Manipuri Terms | Highest Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|
| Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | কান্না হোৎনবা, অমুক্তা, শিনবিখ্রবা, অসেংবা থাজবা | Critical |
| Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | ৱায়েল, তেংবাং মপুবু ইকায়দবা, অনিয়ম চৎনবিরাক, স্বামী মপু, থাওয়াই অসেংবা য়াওদবা মীওই | Critical |
| Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom) | স্বর্গগী থাদোকপা, লোমহৌত্তবা মেই, canonicity note (Enoch/Assumption of Moses) | Critical/High |
| Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | ৱারৈশিনবা, চিংনরিবা, লৌথোকপা, textual-variant flag (vv.22-23) | High |
| Kept by God and Presented Blameless | থাম্বা, ঙাক্তোকপা, মশাদাবা, লান্মী | High |
| Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | অহানবিবা, চাউথোকপা, পাংগল, অধিকার, লোমহৌত্তবা হিংবা | Critical |
D. Full-Book Coverage Confirmation
All 25 verses of Jude 1:1–25 have been surveyed for load-bearing theological vocabulary in 07_semantic_analysis.md, and every term identified there is cataloged in Sections A–C above. Jude contains only one chapter; there is no additional chapter content to survey. Full-book coverage for this curriculum is therefore complete.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপু
Transliteration: Tengban Mapu
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: ঠাকুর (Krishna-devotional title, avoid as primary term), সানামাহি (Sanamahi household deity, never use as primary term for the biblical God)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:25’s explicit ‘only God’ (μόνῳ θεῷ) reinforces the same exclusivist monotheism this term was chosen to protect; see also the new ‘only_god_qualifier’ entry below for the explicit exclusivity marker Jude 1:25 requires.
Father
Approved rendering: ইপা
Transliteration: Ipa
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Used in Jude 1:1 (‘loved in God the Father’), conveying warmth/intimacy rather than a royal-divine title tied to the Pakhangba lineage tradition or a Vaishnava devotional title.
Lord
Approved rendering: মপু ইবুংগো
Transliteration: Mapu Ibungo
Doctrine: Deity and Exclusive Lordship of Christ (Master and Lord)
Rejected alternatives: ঠাকুর (Krishna-devotional title, avoid to prevent placing Christ inside the existing bhakti-devotional framework)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. In Jude 1:4, paired in a single clause with the new δεσπότης term (স্বামী মপু) for doubled emphasis on Christ’s absolute authority; also occurs in 1:5 (textual variant), 1:9, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25.
Jesus
Approved rendering: জিসু
Transliteration: Jisu
Doctrine: Deity and Exclusive Lordship of Christ (Master and Lord)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Jude 1:1, 4, 17, 21, 25, and possibly 1:5 depending on the textual-variant ruling.
Christ
Approved rendering: ক্রিস্তো
Transliteration: Christo
Doctrine: Deity and Exclusive Lordship of Christ (Master and Lord)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Jude 1:1, 4, 17, 21, 25.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই অসেংবা
Transliteration: Thawai Asengba
Doctrine: The Absence of the Holy Spirit in False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: bare থাওয়াই (generic soul/spirit, also names ancestral or Umang Lai nature-spirits in Sanamahi belief; never use without অসেংবা), শক্তি (maibi trance-power, never use)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Must always appear in full. Especially critical at Jude 1:19, where the false teachers’ lack of πνεῦμα must be taught as the specific absence of God’s personal indwelling Spirit, NOT a denial that they possess a soul (থাওয়াই) in the generic sense every human is held to have in Sanamahi belief. Also occurs positively at 1:20 (‘praying in the Holy Spirit’).
Grace
Approved rendering: মথৌ তাদনা পীবা তেংবাং
Transliteration: mathou tadana piba tengbang
Doctrine: Grace Perverted into a License for Sin
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা (bhakti-responsive favor tied to a devotee’s devoted service, never use as primary term), পুণ্য (merit accumulated through devotional service/seva, never use)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:4 is the single most important occurrence of this term in the curriculum: false teachers turn grace into licentiousness (অনিয়ম চৎনবিরাক), precisely the bhakti-responsive-favor confusion this term was chosen to prevent. Requires explicit teaching contrast, not merely correct lexical choice; see ‘licentiousness’ and ‘turning_perverting’ entries below.
Salvation
Approved rendering: অহানবা
Transliteration: ahanba
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: মোক্ষ (Vaishnava liberation, never use), লাইনিং (union/absorption into a deity’s presence, never use as a stand-alone gloss)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:3 uses the noun (‘our common salvation’ — shared among believers, not universally attained enlightenment); Jude 1:23 requires a verb form (‘save… by snatching’) built on this same root.
Contend For The Faith
Approved rendering: কান্না হোৎনবা
Transliteration: kanna hotnaba
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: সেবা-based renderings (bhakti devotional service accumulating standing with Krishna, never use)
Original: ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι
Category: Faith
Jude 1:3 (ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι). Defensive, preservative struggle for a completed deposit already held, not an ongoing devotional achievement. Also distinct from a maibi’s ritual exertion during Lai Haraoba trance.
Once For All
Approved rendering: অমুক্তা
Transliteration: amukta
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Faith
Jude 1:3 and 1:5 (ἅπαξ). Must convey unrepeatable completeness, parallel to the baseline’s resurrection ‘once-for-all’ note. Must never be softened toward cyclical frameworks (rebirth, ongoing avatar-descent, continuing maibi trance-utterance). Manipuri’s default iterative temporal aspect means this word must always be paired with explicit contrastive teaching, not left to carry the contrast alone.
Delivered Entrusted
Approved rendering: শিনবিখ্রবা
Transliteration: shinbikhraba
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: παραδοθείσῃ
Category: Faith
Jude 1:3 (παραδοθείσῃ). Connects directly to the baseline’s inspiration_of_scripture doctrine. Carries particular weight given the 1729 Puya Meithaba burning of Meitei puya manuscripts; must teach a preserved, complete deposit of faith with cultural sensitivity, without implying fragility or endless reconstructability.
Licentiousness
Approved rendering: অনিয়ম চৎনবিরাক
Transliteration: aniyam chatnabirak
Doctrine: Grace Perverted into a License for Sin
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Sin
Jude 1:4 (ἀσέλγεια). Directly paired with the Critical grace term; must clearly show grace-as-license is a perversion, not an acceptable reading of grace. The Manipuri clause must preserve grace-to-license CAUSATION exactly — never loosen the causal link.
Master Sovereign
Approved rendering: স্বামী মপু
Transliteration: swami mapu
Doctrine: Deity and Exclusive Lordship of Christ (Master and Lord)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
Jude 1:4 (δεσπότης). Deity-of-Christ verse: δεσπότης and κύριος are both applied to Jesus Christ in a single clause — denying him is denying God himself. Must NOT be softened into a guru/teacher honorific; always co-occur with মপু ইবুংগো (Lord) so the doubling itself signals maximal, non-guru authority.
Worldly Without Spirit
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই অসেংবা য়াওদবা মীওই
Transliteration: thawai asengba yaodaba miwoi
Doctrine: The Absence of the Holy Spirit in False Teachers
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:19 (ψυχικοί, πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες). The letter’s single most theologically delicate term. NEVER abbreviate to a bare থাওয়াই-negative form; traditional Sanamahi belief holds every human possesses থাওয়াই (soul/spirit) in a generic sense, and this term must specifically deny possession of the personal, indwelling Holy Spirit, not deny personhood or soul-possession altogether.
Savior
Approved rendering: অহানবিবা
Transliteration: ahanbiba
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:25 (σωτῆρι). Built on the baseline অহানবা root. Must not be confused with Krishna as a devotee’s personal saviour-liberator figure in bhakti theology; always anchor to the ‘through Jesus Christ our Lord’ clause in the same sentence — never let this term stand as an isolated title.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: লোমহৌত্তবা হিংবা
Transliteration: lomhouttaba hingba
Doctrine: Eternal Life as the Believer’s Hope
Rejected alternatives: মোক্ষ (Vaishnava liberation from the cycle of rebirth, never use)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:21 (ζωὴν αἰώνιον). Must not be conflated with মোক্ষ or with a bhakti devotee’s hoped-for eternal absorption into or nearness to Krishna’s presence in Vaikuntha/Goloka — both live, specific aspirations in Manipuri Vaishnava devotional life. Cross-reference the baseline’s Critical salvation entry.
Only God Qualifier
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপু অমতা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapu amata
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Jude 1:25 (μόνῳ θεῷ). A NEW explicit exclusivity marker required because the baseline তেংবাং মপু term carries monotheism only by established convention, not as an explicit modifier; Jude 1:25’s ‘only God’ is the letter’s most direct anti-syncretism statement and must not be diluted by omitting the exclusivity qualifier. Confirm exact idiomatic form against a current printed Manipuri Bible before finalizing.
Canonicity Of Non Canonical Citation
Approved rendering: N/A — conceptual explainer required, no single lexical term
Transliteration: N/A
Doctrine: Inspiration and Canonicity of Scripture (Non-Canonical Citation)
Jude 1:9 (Assumption of Moses tradition) and 1:14-15 (1 Enoch, quoted and named explicitly). Requires a dedicated theological explainer, not a glossary term: Jude’s inspired, authoritative citation of true material found in a non-canonical source does NOT confer canonical status on that source. Especially sensitive given the 1729 Puya Meithaba burning of Meitei puya manuscripts and the resulting cultural memory around lost/destroyed sacred texts; must be taught with care, without drawing an explicit polemical comparison to Puya Meithaba itself. Mandatory theologian sign-off before any Phase 2 translation of 1:9 or 1:14-15.
Textual Variant 1 5
Approved rendering: N/A — structural/textual decision, not a lexical term
Transliteration: N/A
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: Israel’s Wilderness Unbelief
Jude 1:5. The earliest manuscripts (favored by NA28/UBS5) read ‘Jesus’ (Ἰησοῦς) as the one who saved the people out of Egypt and later destroyed unbelievers, rather than the Byzantine tradition’s ‘the Lord’ (ὁ κύριος). A significant Christological claim bearing directly on the deity_of_christ and lordship_of_christ doctrines. MUST be resolved by a human theologian before Phase 2 translation of this verse proceeds; whichever reading is chosen must be explained to readers for its bearing on Christ’s eternal deity, in contrast to any bounded avatar-incarnation-episode framework.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: থাজবা
Transliteration: thajaba
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: ভক্তি (bhakti, a devotional practice rather than a transmitted doctrinal deposit)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In Jude 1:3 and 1:20 this term leans toward the OBJECTIVE sense (‘the faith,’ a fixed transmitted body of doctrine) rather than only subjective personal trust; translators must ensure থাজবা can bear this sense in context. See ‘most_holy_faith’ below for the 1:20 compound.
Holy
Approved rendering: অসেংবা
Transliteration: asengba
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: শেংবা (physically clean, ritual-purity sense only)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Jude 1:14 (‘holy myriads’) and 1:20 (‘most holy faith,’ superlative). শেংবা must be reserved for physical/ritual cleanliness, distinct from Lai Haraoba or Vaishnava temple-worship purity preparations.
Saints
Approved rendering: অসেংবা মীওই
Transliteration: asengba miwoi
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: গোসাঞি (Vaishnava renunciant devotee title, never use for the corporate biblical sense)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:3: the faith was entrusted to the whole believing community, not a specialist devotional class.
Called
Approved rendering: কৌখিবা
Transliteration: koukhiba
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:1 identifies the letter’s addressees as κλητοῖς (called) in its very first verse, the same category of effectual calling treated as High risk in the baseline Romans doctrine set.
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Base root for the Jude 1:15 compound ‘sinners’ (পাপ চোলবা মীওই). Distinguish from ritual offenses addressed through Lai Haraoba purification or Vaishnava prayaschitta.
Glory
Approved rendering: মতিক চাউবা
Transliteration: matik chauba
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:24-25 use the abstract sense (God’s radiant honor); Jude 1:8 uses a distinct sense (‘glorious ones,’ likely angelic dignitaries) — see the new ‘glorious_ones’ compound entry below; the two senses must not be flattened together.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ফোংদোকপা ৱারোল
Transliteration: phongdokpa warol
Doctrine: Inspiration and Canonicity of Scripture (Non-Canonical Citation)
Original: προεφήτευσεν
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (root term); risk ELEVATES from Low to High in Jude 1:14 context because the cited source is 1 Enoch, outside the Protestant canon. Requires the mandatory canonicity explainer — see ‘canonicity_of_non_canonical_citation’ entry below.
Most Holy Faith
Approved rendering: অসেংবা থাজবা
Transliteration: asengba thajaba
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἁγιωτάτῃ πίστει
Category: Faith
Jude 1:20 (ἁγιωτάτῃ πίστει). Compound of the two baseline-inherited terms অসেংবা (holy) and থাজবা (faith); echoes 1:3’s ‘faith once delivered’ as the foundation for corporate edification, not an individually-attained bhakti-style achievement.
Judgment
Approved rendering: ৱায়েল
Transliteration: wayel
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: ৱাইফম (impersonal fate, already rejected in baseline for election/providence)
Original: κρίμα / κρίσις
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:4, 1:6, 1:15 (κρίμα/κρίσις). Must convey a personal, judicial verdict from a holy God, not impersonal fate or an automatic karmic mechanism.
Marked Out For Judgment
Approved rendering: মমাংগী মথক্তা ৱায়েল লৈরবা
Transliteration: mamanggi mathakta wayel leiraba
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: προγεγραμμένοι εἰς τοῦτο τὸ κρίμα
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:4 (προγεγραμμένοι εἰς τοῦτο τὸ κρίμα). Must be taught as God’s foreknown, purposive judicial decree — foretold, not arbitrary — never as impersonal fate or automatic karmic outcome.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুবু ইকায়দবা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapubu ikaidaba
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
Jude 1:4, 1:15 (×4), 1:18 (ἀσεβής/ἀσέβεια). Distinct from পাপ (a discrete sin); this is a settled relational posture of irreverence toward God specifically. Do not shorten to পাপ চোলবা মীওই even though the groups overlap in 1:15.
Turning Perverting
Approved rendering: মহুৎ হোংদোকপা
Transliteration: mahut hongdokpa
Doctrine: Grace Perverted into a License for Sin
Jude 1:4 (μετατιθέντες). The verb linking grace to licentiousness; must be rendered so the cause-to-effect relationship (grace being actively REDIRECTED into license) is unambiguous in the target clause structure.
Deny
Approved rendering: য়াদবা
Transliteration: yadaba
Doctrine: Deity and Exclusive Lordship of Christ (Master and Lord)
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Christology
Jude 1:4 (ἀρνούμενοι). Must convey outright repudiation of Christ’s supreme authority, not mere disagreement or doubt.
Blaspheme
Approved rendering: থেংনবা
Transliteration: thengnaba
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: Sin
Jude 1:8, 1:10 (βλασφημοῦσιν). Must convey grave, irreverent insult against what is sacred, not casual insult; sets up the direct contrast with Michael’s restraint toward the devil in 1:9.
Devil
Approved rendering: শয়তান
Transliteration: Shoytan
Doctrine: Angelic Restraint and Proper Spiritual Authority (Michael and the Devil)
Original: διάβολος
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:9 (διάβολος). Must be understood as a singular, personal, cosmic adversary of the one true God, distinct from the diffuse spirit-world of Sanamahi cosmology (mischievous nature-spirits, ancestral spirits) and from asura/demon figures within Vaishnava mythology. Comparatively lower risk than most terms in this list, since this loanword was never absorbed as a native category by either live tradition.
Angel
Approved rendering: স্বর্গগী থাদোকপা
Transliteration: swargagi thadokpa
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: The Angels Who Abandoned Their Position
Rejected alternatives: লাই (generic Meitei word for ‘deity/god,’ embedded in Umang Lai/Sanamahi Lai; never use, as this would import a populated, semi-autonomous nature-deity pantheon)
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:6, 1:9 (ἄγγελος). A genuinely NEW category for Manipuri Christian vocabulary — no prior term existed in the baseline Romans package. Angels are created, morally accountable servants of the one true God, sharply distinct from the Umang Lai forest/guardian deities and from ancestral spirits (Apokpa) in Sanamahi cosmology. Treat as a durable cross-curriculum decision, since angels recur far more densely in future Gospels/Acts/Hebrews curricula.
Kept Negative Angels
Approved rendering: থাম্লবা
Transliteration: thamlaba
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: The Angels Who Abandoned Their Position
Original: μὴ τηρήσαντας
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:6 (μὴ τηρήσαντας). The negative counterpart of the letter’s positive ‘kept by God’ theme (τηρέω); shares its root with ‘kept_positive’ below — this shared root must be preserved consistently across all occurrences (1:1, 1:6, 1:21, 1:24), not varied for stylistic reasons.
Eternal Chains
Approved rendering: লোমহৌত্তবা য়ংবা
Transliteration: lomhouttaba yongba
Doctrine: The Permanence of Eternal Judgment
Original: δεσμοῖς ἀϊδίοις
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:6 (δεσμοῖς ἀϊδίοις). Must convey permanent divine restraint, not a temporary or cyclical confinement.
Eternal Fire
Approved rendering: লোমহৌত্তবা মেই
Transliteration: lomhouttaba mei
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: Sodom and Gomorrah
Original: πυρὸς αἰωνίου
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:7 (πυρὸς αἰωνίου). Must convey permanent judicial punishment, not a purifying or cyclical fire; explicitly render লোমহৌত্তবা as ‘without end/unbreakable’ and, where space allows, add a clarifying gloss against purifying-fire associations found in regional folk-religious imagination.
Mercy
Approved rendering: ৱারৈশিনবা
Transliteration: wareisinba
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা (Vaishnava bhakti favor responsive to devotional service, never use as a substitute)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:2, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23 (ἔλεος). Distinct from, though related to, the Critical grace term; mercy specifically emphasizes compassion that withholds deserved judgment/rescues from danger. Central to the Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering doctrine.
Wavering
Approved rendering: চিংনরিবা
Transliteration: chingnariba
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: διακρινόμενος
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:22 (διακρινομένους). Inward spiritual uncertainty, hesitation, or doubt — NOT settled apostasy. Must be clearly distinguished from তেংবাং মপুবু ইকায়দবা (ungodly); the wavering receive compassion, not judgment. Note the shared Greek root with Michael’s ‘disputing’ in 1:9, though the sense here differs (doubt vs. formal dispute).
Love
Approved rendering: নুংশিবা
Transliteration: nungshiba
Doctrine: Sanctified Love and Corrupted Fellowship (Love Feasts)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:2, 1:12, 1:21 (ἀγάπη). Must be distinguished from the romantically-coded prem/bhakti devotional love associated with Radha-Krishna devotion celebrated through the UNESCO-recognized Ras Lila dance tradition; agapē is covenantal, self-giving, morally serious love. Jude’s unusually dense repetition of this term in a short letter increases cumulative exposure to conflation risk relative to Romans.
Lordship Authority
Approved rendering: মপু ওইবগী মথৌ
Transliteration: mapu oibagi mathou
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κυριότης
Category: Christology
Jude 1:8 (κυριότητα). Distinct from the κύριος title term itself; this is the broader abstract concept of governing authority (God’s/Christ’s supreme dominion, possibly also angelic authority structures) that the false teachers actively reject/despise.
Glorious Ones
Approved rendering: মতিক চাউবা মীওইশিং
Transliteration: matik chauba miwoishing
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: δόξαι
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:8 (δόξας). A distinct sense of δόξα from the abstract ‘glory’ used in 1:24-25 of God; must not be flattened into the same rendering without clarification, or readers may miss that specific created (likely angelic) beings are meant.
Servant Slave
Approved rendering: লান্মী
Transliteration: lanmi
Doctrine: Servant Identity and Devotion to Christ
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
Jude 1:1 (δοῦλος). লান্মী is also the historical Meitei term for a war-captive assigned to serve nobility — a specific socio-historical forced-servitude institution. MUST carry a mandatory clarifying gloss at first occurrence: Jude’s self-designation describes willing, honored devotion to Christ as absolute Master, not that historical institution.
Kept Positive
Approved rendering: থাম্বা
Transliteration: thamba
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: τηρέω
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:1 (‘kept for Jesus Christ’), 1:21 (‘keep yourselves in the love of God,’ imperative থাম্মু). Shares its root with the negative use at 1:6 (থাম্লবা, of fallen angels) — this shared root establishes τηρέω as a deliberate keyword running through the whole letter and must be preserved consistently, not varied stylistically.
Guard From Stumbling
Approved rendering: ঙাক্তোকপা
Transliteration: ngaktokpa
Doctrine: Assurance of Security through God’s Own Power
Original: φυλάξαι … ἀπταίστους
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:24 (φυλάξαι … ἀπταίστους). A distinct nuance from থাম্বা’s more general ‘keeping’ — do not merge the two for stylistic smoothing; this term carries the climactic, protective outcome-guarantee sense.
Blameless
Approved rendering: মশাদাবা
Transliteration: mashadaba
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:24 (ἀμώμους). Must convey the COMPLETED RESULT of God’s own sanctifying and keeping work, not a ritual purity-check achieved through human ascetic practice, devotional service, or the ceremonial garment/body purity preparations of Lai Haraoba or Vaishnava temple worship.
Able To Keep
Approved rendering: পাংগল লৈবা
Transliteration: panggal leiba
Doctrine: Assurance of Security through God’s Own Power
Original: δυνάμενος
Category: God
Jude 1:24 (δυναμένῳ). Cross-references the baseline power_of_god family term; climaxes the letter’s ‘kept by God’ theme first introduced at 1:1.
Textual Variant 22 23
Approved rendering: N/A — structural/textual decision, not a lexical term
Transliteration: N/A
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Jude 1:22-23. Substantial, well-documented manuscript variation affects whether two or three distinct groups (and pastoral responses) are in view. This structural decision materially affects the Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering doctrine and MUST be resolved by a human theologian working from an agreed base text before Phase 2 translation of this passage proceeds. The resolved reading must be applied consistently across all curriculum materials.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: তবিদগী থাবিরকপা
Transliteration: tabidagi thabirakpa
Doctrine: Building Up One Another in the Faith
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:17: the apostles’ prior teaching is the authoritative reference point for recognizing coming scoffers. Distinguish from a maiba/maibi’s recognized ritual office.
Peace
Approved rendering: ইনগবা
Transliteration: ingba
Doctrine: Sanctified Love and Corrupted Fellowship (Love Feasts)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Standard epistolary greeting term in Jude 1:2.
Israel
Approved rendering: ইস্রায়েল
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: Israel’s Wilderness Unbelief
Original: λαός
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Referent of ‘the people’ (λαόν) delivered from Egypt yet later destroyed for unbelief in Jude 1:5. Requires Exodus/wilderness narrative background teaching given generally low OT literacy in the target audience.
Scoffers
Approved rendering: নোৎপা মীওই
Transliteration: notpa miwoi
Doctrine: The Conduct and Character of False Teachers
Original: ἐμπαίκτης
Category: Sin
Jude 1:18 (ἐμπαῖκται). Places the false teachers’ rise within the church’s expected eschatological experience, not an unexpected surprise.
Woe
Approved rendering: অৱাবা
Transliteration: awaba
Doctrine: Cain, Balaam, and Korah as Types of False Teachers
Original: οὐαί
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:11 (οὐαί). Prophetic judgment-oracle formula borrowed from Old Testament prophetic speech; requires OT-genre context for readers with low prior exposure.
Archangel
Approved rendering: স্বর্গগী থাদোকপশিংগী মহৌসা
Transliteration: swargagi thadokpashinggi mahousa
Doctrine: Angelic Restraint and Proper Spiritual Authority (Michael and the Devil)
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:9 (ἀρχάγγελος). Built on the new ‘angel’ term. Even the highest angel (Michael) shows restraint toward the devil, unlike the false teachers’ reckless blasphemy.
Example Type
Approved rendering: মথৌ উৎপা
Transliteration: mathou utpa
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: Sodom and Gomorrah
Original: δεῖγμα
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:7 (δεῖγμα). Reinforces the Old Testament Warnings as Types doctrine; the destruction of these cities functions as a standing, publicly visible demonstration, not merely a past historical footnote.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: নুপী-নুপা ৱাথোক্তা পাপ চোলবা
Transliteration: nupi-nupa wathokta pap cholba
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: Sodom and Gomorrah
Jude 1:7 (ἐκπορνεύσασαι). The specific sin bringing judgment on Sodom and Gomorrah; intensive/persistent sense, distinct from a single lapse.
Strange Flesh
Approved rendering: সরক অতোপ্পা
Transliteration: sarak atoppa
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: Sodom and Gomorrah
Jude 1:7 (σαρκὸς ἑτέρας). Points to the specific perversion behind Sodom’s judgment: sexual pursuit outside the natural created order.
Balaam
Approved rendering: বালামগী অরানবা
Transliteration: Balamgi aranaba
Doctrine: Cain, Balaam, and Korah as Types of False Teachers
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:11 (πλάνῃ τοῦ Βαλαὰμ). A religious figure who corrupted others for profit; directly parallels the false teachers’ own profit-motive named later at 1:16.
Korah
Approved rendering: কোরাগী থেংথোকপা
Transliteration: Koragi thengthokpa
Doctrine: Cain, Balaam, and Korah as Types of False Teachers
Original: Κόρε
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:11 (ἀντιλογίᾳ τοῦ Κόρε). Rebellion against God-appointed authority; should be connected explicitly to the false teachers’ rejection of apostolic authority (cf. 1:8, 17-19).
Last Time
Approved rendering: মথক্কী নুমিৎশিং
Transliteration: mathakki numitshing
Doctrine: The Coming Universal Judgment
Jude 1:18 (ἐσχάτου χρόνου). Places the false teachers’ rise within the church’s expected eschatological experience, not an unexpected surprise.
Convict Expose
Approved rendering: ফোংদোকহনবা
Transliteration: phongdokhanba
Doctrine: The Coming Universal Judgment
Jude 1:15 (ἐλέγξαι). Judicial exposure of wrongdoing at the comprehensive future judgment described in Enoch’s prophecy.
Harsh Things
Approved rendering: কাক্তবা ৱাহেই
Transliteration: kaktaba wahei
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Jude 1:15 (σκληρῶν). Defiant, insolent speech spoken against God himself; part of the final summary indictment against the false teachers.
Snatch Rescue
Approved rendering: লৌথোকপা
Transliteration: louthokpa
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἁρπάζω
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:23 (ἁρπάζοντες). Conveys urgent, compassionate rescue from real danger, not coercive or forced conversion — a distinction worth reinforcing given regional sensitivities around forced-conversion narratives.
Defiled Garment
Approved rendering: মশাদবা ফুরিত
Transliteration: mashadaba phurit
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:23 (ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα). A moral-contamination metaphor, not a literal ritual-garment-purity requirement; must not be conflated with the garment/body purity preparations undertaken before Lai Haraoba or Vaishnava temple worship.
Love Feasts
Approved rendering: নুংশিবগী চনবা
Transliteration: nungshibagi chanaba
Doctrine: Sanctified Love and Corrupted Fellowship (Love Feasts)
Original: ἀγάπαι
Category: Church
Jude 1:12 (ἀγάπαις). The false teachers corrupt the church’s own communal worship-meal — a hidden danger within the church’s own fellowship.
Hidden Reefs
Approved rendering: মায়োক্না লৈরবা রাই
Transliteration: mayokna leiraba rai
Doctrine: The Conduct and Character of False Teachers
Jude 1:12 (σπιλάδες). Danger hidden within the church’s own gathering, described at the love feasts.
Shepherding Themselves
Approved rendering: মশাগী মথক্তা খল্লবা য়েনবা
Transliteration: mashagi mathakta khalliba yenba
Doctrine: The Conduct and Character of False Teachers
Jude 1:12 (ἑαυτοὺς ποιμαίνοντες). Self-serving leadership contrasted with true shepherding of others.
Waterless Clouds
Approved rendering: ইশিং লৈত্তবা লৈচিল
Transliteration: ishing leittaba leichil
Doctrine: The Conduct and Character of False Teachers
Jude 1:12 (νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι). The false teachers promise spiritual refreshment but deliver nothing; render plainly as metaphor.
Fruitless Uprooted Trees
Approved rendering: মহৈ লৈতবা উপাল খুৎথাদোকখ্রবা
Transliteration: mahei leitaba upal khutthadokkhraba
Doctrine: The Conduct and Character of False Teachers
Jude 1:12 (δένδρα φθινοπωρινὰ ἄκαρπα … ἐκριζωθέντα). Total spiritual barrenness and instability.
Wild Waves
Approved rendering: ইপাক্কী কুরুম্বা ইছিং
Transliteration: ipakki kurumba iching
Doctrine: The Conduct and Character of False Teachers
Jude 1:13 (κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης). Turbulent, uncontrolled behavior made publicly visible, like foam cast up by waves.
Wandering Stars
Approved rendering: চহি লম্বী য়াওদবা থাওয়ানমী
Transliteration: chahi lambi yaodaba thawanmi
Doctrine: The Conduct and Character of False Teachers
Jude 1:13 (ἀστέρες πλανῆται). Must be rendered plainly as metaphor for erratic, directionless movement toward destruction; avoid any phrasing suggesting astrological significance, fortune-telling, or star-reading power for Manipuri readers.
Dreaming Visions
Approved rendering: মৎ মায়া থোকপা
Transliteration: mang maya thokpa
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Jude 1:8 (ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι). Must not be rendered in a way that dignifies the false teachers’ claims as genuine prophetic/oracular experience; distinguish from a maibi’s trance-derived utterance, which this text implicitly critiques as a category of false spiritual authority.
Defile
Approved rendering: মশাহনবা
Transliteration: mashahanba
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Jude 1:8 (μιαίνουσιν). Moral corruption of the body through sin.
Reject Set Aside
Approved rendering: য়াদনা থামনবা
Transliteration: yadana thamnaba
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Jude 1:8 (ἀθετοῦσιν). Dismissive rejection of legitimate, established authority.
Disputing
Approved rendering: ৱারী চেন্নবা
Transliteration: wari chennaba
Doctrine: Angelic Restraint and Proper Spiritual Authority (Michael and the Devil)
Jude 1:9 (διακρινόμενος). Shares its root with ‘wavering’ (1:22), though the sense here is formal contention/argument, not doubt/hesitation — translators should be aware of the lexical echo without conflating the two senses.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: কায়নবা
Transliteration: kaynaba
Doctrine: Angelic Restraint and Proper Spiritual Authority (Michael and the Devil)
Jude 1:9 (Ἐπιτιμήσαι). Michael leaves judgment to the Lord rather than pronouncing it himself — a model of proper restraint.
Grumblers
Approved rendering: ৱাখাল হেনগৎলবা মীওই
Transliteration: wakhal hengatliba miwoi
Doctrine: The Conduct and Character of False Teachers
Original: γογγυστής
Category: Sin
Jude 1:16 (γογγυσταί). Deliberately echoes Israel’s wilderness grumbling (cf. 1:5), reinforcing the Old Testament warning-type pattern running through the letter.
Malcontents
Approved rendering: মথৌ য়াদবা মীওই
Transliteration: mathou yadaba miwoi
Doctrine: The Conduct and Character of False Teachers
Jude 1:16 (μεμψίμοιροι). Chronic dissatisfaction and complaint about one’s circumstances.
Bombastic Words
Approved rendering: চাউথোকপা ৱাহেই
Transliteration: chauthokpa wahei
Doctrine: The Conduct and Character of False Teachers
Jude 1:16 (ὑπέρογκα). Empty, self-promoting speech; shares a root component with the doxological term ‘majesty’ (চাউথোকপা, 1:25) — this overlap is deliberate contrast in the source and should be preserved in translator notes, not smoothed away.
Flattering People
Approved rendering: মীওইদা থাগৎচরি হাপ্তবা
Transliteration: miwoida thagatchari haptaba
Doctrine: The Conduct and Character of False Teachers
Jude 1:16 (θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα). Manipulative flattery for personal gain, echoing Balaam’s profit-motive (1:11).
Causing Divisions
Approved rendering: খেৎনরিবা
Transliteration: khetnariba
Doctrine: Building Up One Another in the Faith
Original: ἀποδιορίζοντες
Category: Church
Jude 1:19 (ἀποδιορίζοντες). Negative counterpart to believers’ positive ‘building up’ (1:20); the false teachers fracture church unity.
Majesty
Approved rendering: চাউথোকপা
Transliteration: chauthokpa
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: God
Jude 1:25 (μεγαλωσύνη). Second of four doxological nouns; fix the exact four-noun sequence (glory, majesty, dominion, authority) as a stable liturgical unit for all future doxology translation in this language package.
Dominion Might
Approved rendering: পাংগল
Transliteration: panggal
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি (maibi trance-power association, already forbidden in baseline for power terms)
Original: κράτος
Category: God
Jude 1:25 (κράτος). Third doxological noun; must never use শক্তি.
Authority
Approved rendering: অধিকার
Transliteration: adhikar
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: God
Jude 1:25 (ἐξουσία). Fourth doxological noun; must convey God’s supreme right to rule, not mere administrative permission.
Low Risk Terms
Build Up
Approved rendering: হৌদোকহনবা
Transliteration: houdokhanba
Doctrine: Building Up One Another in the Faith
Original: ἐποικοδομοῦντες
Category: Faith
Jude 1:20 (ἐποικοδομοῦντες). Positive counterpart to the false teachers’ ‘causing divisions’ (1:19). Cross-references the baseline’s mutual_edification doctrine.
Sodom And Gomorrah
Approved rendering: সোদোম অমসুং গোমোরাহ
Transliteration: Sodom amasung Gomorah
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: Sodom and Gomorrah
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:7. Standard transliteration; requires narrative background for readers with low OT literacy.
Enoch
Approved rendering: এনোক
Transliteration: Enok
Doctrine: Inspiration and Canonicity of Scripture (Non-Canonical Citation)
Original: Ἑνώχ
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:14. Standard transliteration; source of the quoted prophecy from the non-canonical book of 1 Enoch — see the canonicity note below.
Michael
Approved rendering: মিখায়েল
Transliteration: Mikhayel
Doctrine: Angelic Restraint and Proper Spiritual Authority (Michael and the Devil)
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:9. Standard transliteration; contrasted positively against the false teachers’ irreverence.
Moses
Approved rendering: মোশে
Transliteration: Moshe
Doctrine: Angelic Restraint and Proper Spiritual Authority (Michael and the Devil)
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:9. Standard transliteration, following existing Manipuri Bible convention; subject of the extra-biblical dispute tradition between Michael and the devil.
Cain
Approved rendering: কয়িনগী লম্বী
Transliteration: Kaingi lambi
Doctrine: Cain, Balaam, and Korah as Types of False Teachers
Original: Κάϊν
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:11 (ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν). First of the three false-teacher ‘type’ figures; requires Genesis narrative background for readers with low OT literacy.
Brother
Approved rendering: ইচিন
Transliteration: ichin
Doctrine: Servant Identity and Devotion to Christ
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Church
Jude 1:1 (ἀδελφός). Standard, low-risk kinship term; establishes Jude’s identity as brother of James.
Amen
Approved rendering: আমেন
Transliteration: Amen
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Church
Jude 1:25. Standard transliteration; closing liturgical affirmation.
Referenced passages