Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 1 Peter | English → Manipuri
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering 1 Peter chapters 1–5 in full. Terms marked (baseline reuse) are fixed exactly as recorded in the Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked (new) are proposed renderings for this curriculum, pending Phase 1 Step 2 (Linguistic Gap Analysis) confirmation and formal addition to an updated translation memory before Phase 2 translation begins. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and its review-routing convention (Critical & High → human theologian; Medium → native speaker; Low → automated).
Legend
- Ch. = chapter(s) of first/main occurrence in 1 Peter
- Status = baseline reuse / new
- Rejected alternatives are listed where a specific Manipuri-culture collision risk grounds the rejection.
| # | English term | Greek (translit.) | Manipuri rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine / Category | Ch. | Status | Rejected alternatives & notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God | θεός (theos) | তেংবাং মপু | Tengban Mapu | Critical | God | 1–5 | baseline reuse | ঠাকুর, সানামাহি — see Romans baseline notes. |
| 2 | Father | πατήρ (patēr) | ইপা | Ipa | Critical | Adoption/Sonship | 1 | baseline reuse | — |
| 3 | Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | মপু ইবুংগো | Mapu Ibungo | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1,2,3,5 | baseline reuse | ঠাকুর (Krishna-devotional title). Distinguish from generic মপু (master, 2:18, 3:6). |
| 4 | Jesus / Christ | Ἰησοῦς Χριστός (Iēsous Christos) | জিসু / ক্রিস্তো | Jisu / Christo | Critical | Deity/Sonship of Christ | 1–5 | baseline reuse | — |
| 5 | Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα ἅγιον (Pneuma hagion) | থাওয়াই অসেংবা | Thawai Asengba | Critical | Sanctification | 1 | baseline reuse | Never bare থাওয়াই. |
| 6 | soul | ψυχή (psychē) | থাওয়াই (anthropological sense) | thawai | High | Living Hope / Anthropology | 1:9, 4:19 | new | Distinct anthropological use of থাওয়াই (a person’s inner life), NOT the Holy Spirit sense (always থাওয়াই অসেংবা) and NOT the Sanamahi ancestral-spirit (Apokpa) sense. Mandatory translator note required at each occurrence. |
| 7 | gospel | εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion) | নুংঙাইবগী পাউ | nungngaibagi pao | High | Gospel | 1,4 | baseline reuse | — |
| 8 | grace | χάρις (charis) | মথৌ তাদনা পীবা তেংবাং | mathou tadana piba tengbang | Critical | Grace | 1,2,3,4,5 | baseline reuse | কৃপা, পুণ্য rejected per Romans baseline; same caution applies to 2:19-20’s “this is a gracious thing” (unjust suffering ≠ merit). |
| 9 | mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | থমোইদা তাবা চানবি | thamoida taba chanbi | Medium | Grace-adjacent | 1 | new | Distinct from grace: mercy answers misery, grace answers demerit. |
| 10 | faith | πίστις (pistis) | থাজবা | thajaba | High | Faith | 1,3,5 | baseline reuse | ভক্তি rejected per Romans baseline. |
| 11 | righteousness / righteous | δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος (dikaiosynē / dikaios) | অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক | achumba chatnabirak | Critical | Salvation / Substitutionary Suffering | 2,3,4 | baseline reuse | ধর্ম rejected per Romans baseline. |
| 12 | salvation | σωτηρία (sōtēria) | অহানবা | ahanba | Critical | Salvation | 1 | baseline reuse | মোক্ষ, devotional-union framing rejected. |
| 13 | apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | তবিদগী থাবিরকপা | tabidagi thabirakpa | Medium | Apostleship | 1 | baseline reuse | — |
| 14 | holy | ἅγιος (hagios) | অসেংবা | asengba | High | Sanctification / Holy Nation | 1,2,3 | baseline reuse | শেংবা (ritual-purity-only) rejected. |
| 15 | sanctification | ἁγιασμός (hagiasmos) | অসেংবা ওইহনবা | asengba oihanba | High | Sanctification | 1 | baseline reuse | — |
| 16 | adoption (inheritance base) | κληρονομία-adjacent (klēronomia) | মচা ওইনা লৌবা | macha oina louba | High | Adoption | (conceptual bg.) | baseline reuse | Underlies the new “inheritance” term below. |
| 17 | resurrection | ἀνάστασις (anastasis) | সিবদগী হিংজত-লকপা | sibadagi hingjat-lakpa | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1,3 | baseline reuse | পুনর্জন্ম (rebirth/reincarnation) forbidden — highest-priority forbidden substitution in this curriculum. |
| 18 | glory | δόξα (doxa) | মতিক চাউবা | matik chauba | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Elders | 1,4,5 | baseline reuse | Avoid Ras Lila staged-radiance metaphors. |
| 19 | peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | ইনগবা | ingba | Medium | Peace with God | 1,5 | baseline reuse | — |
| 20 | fellowship / share in suffering | κοινωνία / κοινωνέω (koinōnia / koinōneō) | লোইনবা | loinaba | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4 | baseline reuse | Extended sense: fellowship IN Christ’s sufferings, a new nuance requiring explicit teaching. |
| 21 | church (elders “of the church”) | ἐκκλησία-adjacent (ekklēsia) | কলিসিয়া | kalisiya | Medium | Elders and Humility | 5 | baseline reuse | মন্দির, উমাং লাই থাবা rejected. |
| 22 | sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) | পাপ | pap | High | Substitutionary Suffering | 2,3,4 | baseline reuse | — |
| 23 | gentiles | ἔθνη (ethnē)-adjacent | অতোপ্পা ফুরুপ | atoppa phurup | Medium | Holy Nation (contrast) | 2,4 | baseline reuse | Underlies “holy nation” coinage below. |
| 24 | called / calling | κλητός / κλῆσις (klētos / klēsis) | কৌখিবা / কৌবগী থৌদাং | koukhiba / koubagi thoudang | High | Divine Calling / Glory | 5 | baseline reuse | — |
| 25 | election / chosen (noun root) | ἐκλογή (eklogē) | তেংবাং মপুগী খনবা | Tengban Mapugi khanba | High | Divine Calling | 1,2 | baseline reuse | ৱাইফম (fate) rejected; underlies “elect exiles” and “chosen race” coinages. |
| 26 | prophet / prophecy | προφήτης / προφητεία (prophētēs / prophēteia) | তোঙান তোঙানবা ফোংদোকপা / ফোংদোকপা ৱারোল | tongan tonganba phongdokpa / phongdokpa warol | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 1 | baseline reuse | মৈবা/মৈবী rejected per Romans baseline. |
| 27 | power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ (dynamis theou) | তেংবাং মপুগী পাংথোক-থেংনবা | Tengban Mapugi pangthok-thengnaba | High | Living Hope | 1 | baseline reuse | শক্তি (maibi trance-power) rejected. |
| 28 | obedience (of faith / of truth) | ὑπακοή (hypakoē) | থাজবগী ইনবা | thajabagi inba | High | Faith | 1 | baseline reuse | — |
| 29 | exhort | παρακαλέω (parakaleō) | থাওয়াই পীবা | thawai piba | Low | Mutual Edification | 5 | baseline reuse | — |
| 30 | elect exiles / sojourners | ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις (eklektois parepidēmois) | তেংবাং মপুনা খনখিবা লমদম অতোপ্পাদা লৈরিবা মীওই | Tengban Mapuna khankhiba lamdam atoppada leiriba miwoi | High | Living Hope / Identity | 1,2 | new | Do not map onto present-day Manipur ethnic-displacement politics; a theological identity (heavenly citizenship). |
| 31 | dispersion / diaspora | διασπορά (diaspora) | সেন্দোকখ্রবা মীওই | sendokkhraba miwoi | Medium | Identity | 1 | new | — |
| 32 | foreknowledge | πρόγνωσις (prognōsis) | তেংবাং মপুগী হান্না খংবা | Tengban Mapugi hanna khangba | High | Divine Calling / Providence | 1,1(Ch1:20) | new | Never ৱাইফম (fate). |
| 33 | sprinkling of blood | ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος (rhantismos haimatos) | ঈগী চেন্থোকপা | igi chenthokpa | High | Substitutionary Suffering | 1 | new | Requires OT covenant background teaching. |
| 34 | living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα (elpis zōsa) | হিংবা আশা | hingba asha | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1 | new | Distinguish from generic optimism and from মোক্ষ-adjacent eschatological hope. |
| 35 | new birth / born again | ἀναγεννάω (anagennaō) | অনৌবা মপোকপা | anouba mapokpa | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1 | new | NEVER পুনর্জন্ম (rebirth/reincarnation). Highest-priority forbidden substitution alongside “resurrection.” |
| 36 | inheritance | κληρονομία (klēronomia) | মচাগী ফংগদবা | machagi phanggadaba | High | Living Hope / Adoption | 1,3 | new | Requires explicit inheritance-rights teaching (Meitei yumnak lineage runs through birth, not adoption). |
| 37 | imperishable | ἄφθαρτος (aphthartos) | মকোক্তবা | makoktaba | Medium | Living Hope | 1 | new | — |
| 38 | undefiled | ἀμίαντος (amiantos) | অমোৎপা নত্তবা | amotpa nattaba | Medium | Living Hope | 1 | new | Distinguish from ritual-purity vocabulary. |
| 39 | unfading | ἀμάραντος / ἀμαράντινος (amarantos / amarantinos) | মচুপ্পা নত্তবা | machuppa nattaba | Low | Living Hope / Elders | 1,5 | new | Reused for “unfading crown of glory” (5:4). |
| 40 | guarded / kept | τηρέω / φρουρέω (tēreō / phroureō) | ঙাক্তোকপা | ngaktokpa | Medium | Living Hope | 1 | new | — |
| 41 | trial / testing | πειρασμός / δοκίμιον (peirasmos / dokimion) | চাংদন য়েংবা | changdan yengba | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1,4 | new | Not karmic consequence; not fate (ৱাইফম). |
| 42 | suffering / suffer | πάθημα / πάσχω (pathēma / paschō) | ৱাকৎপা | wakatpa | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Substitutionary Suffering | 1,2,3,4,5 | new | Backbone term of the entire book; must never be read as karmic retribution or ascetic merit-building. |
| 43 | suffer for righteousness | πάσχω διὰ δικαιοσύνην (paschō dia dikaiosynēn) | অচুম্বগীদমক্তা ৱাকৎপা | achumbagidamakta wakatpa | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3 | new | Direct doctrine-name anchor term. |
| 44 | the righteous for the unrighteous | δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων (dikaios hyper adikōn) | অচুম্বনা অচুম্বা নত্তবাগীদমক্তা | achumbana achumba nattabagidamakta | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 3 | new | Clearest substitutionary-atonement statement in the letter. |
| 45 | once (for all) | ἅπαξ (hapax) | অমুক্তমক্তা | amuktamakta | High | Substitutionary Suffering | 3 | new | Contrast with repeatable ritual sacrifice/offering patterns. |
| 46 | proclaim | κηρύσσω (kēryssō) | ফোংদোকপা | phongdokpa | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3 | new | Reuses prophecy-root; distinct from εὐαγγελίζω (gospel-preach). |
| 47 | spirits in prison | πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ (pneumata en phylakē) | শাজেলদা থমখিবা থাওয়াইশিং | shajelda thamkhiba thawaishing | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3 | new | Highest-collision phrase in the book; sharply distinct from Sanamahi’s ancestral Apokpa spirits and Umang Lai deities. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence. |
| 48 | baptism | βάπτισμα (baptisma) | বাপ্তিস্মা | Baptisma | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (3:21) | 3 | new | Must always be taught with its own immediate qualifying clause (below); distinguish from ritual bathing practices. |
| 49 | good conscience | συνείδησις ἀγαθή (syneidēsis agathē) | থমোইগী অফবা খংবা | thamoigi aphaba khangba | High | Baptism / Suffering | 3 | new | — |
| 50 | not removal of dirt but an appeal for a good conscience | οὐ σαρκὸς ῥύπου ἀπόθεσις ἀλλὰ συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς ἐρώτημα | ou sarkos rhypou apothesis alla syneidēseōs agathēs erōtēma | সাংনা মমিং ফোদোকপা নত্তবা, থমোইগী অফবা খংবাগী ৱাশাক্না | sangna maming phodokpa nattaba, thamoigi aphaba khangbagi washakna | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3 | new |
| 51 | living stone | λίθος ζῶν (lithos zōn) | হিংবা নুং | hingba nung | High | Royal Priesthood | 2 | new | — |
| 52 | cornerstone / stone of stumbling | λίθος ἀκρογωνιαῖος / προσκόμματος (lithos akrogōniaios / proskommatos) | য়ুম্ফমগী মরুওইবা নুং / তুংকৎপগী নুং | yumphamgi maruoiba nung / tungkatpagi nung | High | Royal Priesthood | 2 | new | — |
| 53 | spiritual house | οἶκος πνευματικός (oikos pneumatikos) | থাওয়াইগী য়ুম | thawaigi yum | High | Royal Priesthood | 2 | new | Distinct from মন্দির and from any Umang Lai sacred-house/shrine category. |
| 54 | holy priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον (hierateuma hagion) | অসেংবা থৌজালগী মীওই | asengba thoujalgi miwoi | Critical | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | new | পুরোহিত (Brahmin temple priest) explicitly rejected — priesthood-of-all-believers must not collapse into a specialist/caste office. |
| 55 | spiritual sacrifices | θυσία πνευματική (thysia pneumatikē) | থাওয়াইগী ইরাত্ত | thawaigi iratta | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | new | ইরাত্ত (indigenous animal/blood offering) rejected as a literal referent; must be taught as praise and righteous living. |
| 56 | royal priesthood | βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα (basileion hierateuma) | নিংথৌগী থৌজালগী মীওই | ningthougi thoujalgi miwoi | Critical | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | new | Core doctrine anchor term; see #54 rejection notes. |
| 57 | chosen race / generation | γένος ἐκλεκτόν (genos eklekton) | খনখিবা ইমুং-লোল | khankhiba imung-lol | High | Royal Priesthood | 2 | new | Resonance with (but distinct from) Meitei clan/yumnak lineage identity. |
| 58 | holy nation | ἔθνος ἅγιον (ethnos hagion) | অসেংবা ফুরুপ | asengba phurup | High | Royal Priesthood | 2 | new | Natural extension of baseline অসেংবা + ফুরুপ. |
| 59 | people for God’s own possession | λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν (laos eis peripoiēsin) | তেংবাং মপুগী মীওই ওইনা লৌখিবা | Tengban Mapugi miwoi oina loukhiba | High | Royal Priesthood | 2 | new | — |
| 60 | conduct / behavior | ἀναστροφή (anastrophē) | চৎনবিরাক | chatnabirak | High | Holiness in Conduct | 1,2,3 | new (reuses baseline root) | Whole-of-life moral conduct, not periodic ritual observance. |
| 61 | fear (reverence) | φόβος (phobos) | কিবা | kiba | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | 1,2,3 | new | Distinguish reverential awe from ritual dread of Umang Lai or divine displeasure in Vaishnava terms. |
| 62 | ransomed / redeemed | λυτρόω (lytroō) | থাদোকখিবা | thadokkhiba | Critical | Substitutionary Suffering | 1 | new | Not generic “liberation” (মোক্ষ-adjacent); the price is Christ’s blood. |
| 63 | precious blood | τίμιον αἷμα (timion haima) | মমল চাউবা ঈ | mamal chauba i | Critical | Substitutionary Suffering | 1 | new | Foundational atonement term. |
| 64 | lamb (of Christ) | ἀμνός (amnos) | য়াওগী মচা | yaogi macha | High | Substitutionary Suffering | 1 | new | Once-for-all sacrifice, never assimilated to repeated ritual offering. |
| 65 | submit / submission | ὑποτάσσω (hypotassō) | ইনবা | inba | High | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2,3,5 | new (reuses baseline root) | Voluntary, gospel-motivated; never passive fatalism or endorsement of injustice. Mandatory theologian review given political sensitivity. |
| 66 | endurance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | খাংথোকপা | khangthokpa | High | Submission and Christlike Endurance | 2 | new | — |
| 67 | king / emperor | βασιλεύς (basileus) | নিংথৌ | ningthou | Medium | Submission to Authority | 2 | new | Resonance with historic Meitei kingship/Pakhangba lineage; distinguish earthly kingship from Christ’s supreme Lordship. |
| 68 | servant/slave of God | δοῦλος θεοῦ (doulos theou) | তেংবাং মপুগী মিওৎ | Tengban Mapugi miwot | High | Submission to Authority | 2 | new | Sensitive given Manipur’s historical bonded-labor categories; frame as willing devotion. |
| 69 | master (generic) | δεσπότης (despotēs) | মপু (generic) | mapu | Medium | Submission to Authority | 2 | new | Must not be confused with honorific মপু ইবুংগো. |
| 70 | example / pattern | ὑπογραμμός / τύπος (hypogrammos / typos) | মৱোং | mawong | High | Substitutionary Suffering (exemplary aspect) | 2,5 | new | — |
| 71 | bore our sins in his body | ἀνήνεγκεν… ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον (anēnegken… epi to xylon) | মপুন্না মচী ইপান্না পাপ পুখিবা | mapunna machi ipanna pap pukhiba | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2 | new | Must hold substitutionary sense alongside (not instead of) the exemplary sense. |
| 72 | healed by his wounds | τῷ μώλωπι… ἰάθητε (tō mōlōpi… iathēte) | মনা ফাবগী মখাদা ফাহোনখিবা | mana phabagi makhada phahonkhiba | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2 | new | — |
| 73 | shepherd / Chief Shepherd / flock | ποιμήν / ἀρχιποίμην / ποίμνιον (poimēn / archipoimēn / poimnion) | য়াও ইংবা মীওই / মরু য়াও ইংবা / য়াওগী পুন | yao ingba miwoi / maru yao ingba / yaogi pun | Critical | Elders and Humility / Christ’s Shepherd-Christology | 2,5 | new | Highest-collision Christological image in the book: risks assimilation to Krishna’s Govinda/cowherd identity central to Ras Lila. Deliberately uses sheep (য়াও), not cattle, vocabulary. Mandatory distinguishing teaching note at every occurrence. |
| 74 | overseer | ἐπίσκοπος (episkopos) | য়েংশিনবা মীওই | yengshinba miwoi | Medium | Elders and Humility | 2,5 | new | — |
| 75 | elders (church office) | πρεσβύτερος (presbyteros) | কলিসিয়াগী অহলশিং | kalisiyagi ahalshing | High | Elders and Humility | 5 | new | Distinct from village-council eldership (lup) or age-based social seniority alone. |
| 76 | humility / humble | ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινόω (tapeinophrosynē / tapeinoō) | নিংতম্বা ওইবা | ningtamba oiba | High | Elders and Humility | 3,5 | new | Distinct from ascetic renunciant self-abasement (vairagya); relational, other-serving lowliness. |
| 77 | not domineering (lording over) | κατακυριεύω (katakyrieuō) | মপু ওইনা কয়েংবা (negated) | mapu oina kayengba | High | Elders and Humility | 5 | new | Wordplay on মপু (lord/master) preserved deliberately: elders must not act as though they were Christ’s own Lordship. |
| 78 | crown of glory | στέφανος τῆς δόξης (stephanos tēs doxēs) | মতিক চাউবগী লুচিং | matik chaubagi luching | High | Elders and Humility | 5 | new | লুচিং resonates with historic Meitei royal regalia; distinguish heavenly reward from earthly crown. |
| 79 | devil / adversary | διάβολος / ἀντίδικος (diabolos / antidikos) | য়েক্লবা লান্মী | yekliba lanmi | Critical | Christlike Endurance | 5 | new | Deliberately avoids লাই-root (Umang Lai guardian-deity vocabulary — never cast the Umang Lai as the biblical devil) and bare থাওয়াই. Mandatory theologian review. |
| 80 | love | ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω (agapē / agapaō) | নুংশিবা | nungshiba | High | Living Hope / Holiness in Conduct | 1,4,5 | new | Must be distinguished from Radha-Krishna romantic-devotional prema central to the Ras Lila tradition. |
| 81 | brotherly love | φιλαδελφία (philadelphia) | ইচিন-ইনাওগী নুংশিবা | ichin-inaogi nungshiba | Medium | Christian Fellowship | 1,3 | new | — |
| 82 | gentle and quiet spirit (disposition) | πραΰς καὶ ἡσύχιος πνεῦμα (praus kai hēsychios pneuma) | ঙাইথিব্বা অমসুং ইনবা থমোই | ngaithibba amasung inba thamoi | High | Holiness in Conduct | 3 | new | Deliberately uses থমোই (heart/disposition), NOT থাওয়াই, to avoid Holy Spirit / spirit-world confusion. |
| 83 | weaker vessel | ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος (asthenesteron skeuos) | হেনগৎলবা ফু | hengatlaba phu | High | Holiness in Conduct (gender sensitivity) | 3 | new | Must be taught with “joint heirs” (below) to avoid a demeaning reading. |
| 84 | joint heirs of the grace of life | συγκληρονόμος χάριτος ζωῆς (synklēronomos charitos zōēs) | লৌনবা লোয়ননা ফংগদবা | lounaba loinanna phanggadaba | High | Holiness in Conduct / Grace | 3 | new | Establishes full spiritual equality of husband and wife. |
| 85 | Christian (name) | Χριστιανός (Christianos) | ক্রিস্তান | Christian | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4 | new (aligned with existing doctrine-registry usage) | Matches manipuri_doctrine_name already used for “Christian Fellowship” in the Romans doctrine risk registry. |
| 86 | idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία (eidōlolatria) | সেমখ্রবা লাইবু থাগৎপা | semkhraba laibu thagatpa | Critical | Holiness in Conduct | 4 | new | Sensitive: must be taught via the text’s own historical Gentile referents, not by naming Umang Lai or Vaishnava devotion directly. |
| 87 | judgment (household of God) | κρίμα / κρίσις (krima / krisis) | ৱাহান্থাবা | wahanthaba | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4 | new | Distinguish from impersonal karmic retribution. |
| 88 | faithful Creator | πιστὸς κτίστης (pistos ktistēs) | সেমখ্রবা তেংবাং মপু | semkhraba Tengban Mapu | Medium | Providence | 4 | new | Reuses baseline তেংবাং মপু + থাজবা roots. |
| 89 | Babylon (symbolic) | Βαβυλών (Babylōn) | বেবিলোন | Bebilon | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake (context) | 5 | new | Likely symbolic for Rome; requires translator note. |
| 90 | angels, authorities, powers (subjected) | ἄγγελοι, ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις (angeloi, exousiai, dynameis) | স্বর্গদূত অমসুং পাংথোক-থেংনবাশিং | swargadut amasung pangthok-thengnabashing | Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3 | new | Total subjection of every spiritual power to Christ safeguards against misreading “spirits in prison” as an open, negotiable spirit-world. |
| 91 | right hand of God | δεξιά θεοῦ (dexia theou) | তেংবাং মপুগী য়েৎ-খুৎ | Tengban Mapugi yet-khut | Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3 | new | Idiom of exaltation/authority, not anatomical; requires brief explanatory note. |
This glossary extends, and must never contradict, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All “new” entries above are provisional pending Phase 1 Step 2 confirmation and require entry into an updated translation memory (with version increment) before any Phase 2 segment translation of 1 Peter proceeds.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপু
Transliteration: Tengban Mapu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঠাকুর (a devotional title strongly associated with Krishna in Manipuri Vaishnavism, avoid as the primary term), সানামাহি (never use as the primary term for the biblical God; reserve strictly for describing traditional Sanamahi belief about the household deity)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Peter, occurs constantly as ‘God the Father’ (1:2-3), ‘God’s will’ (2:15, 4:2), and ‘the household of God’ (4:17). Never ঠাকুর or সানামাহি.
Father
Approved rendering: ইপা
Transliteration: Ipa
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2-3, 1:17 (‘the Father who judges impartially’).
Lord
Approved rendering: মপু ইবুংগো
Transliteration: Mapu Ibungo
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঠাকুর (a devotional title for Krishna in Manipuri Vaishnava usage, avoid as the primary term for Christ’s Lordship to prevent placing Christ inside the existing Krishna-devotional framework)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:3, 2:3, 2:13, 3:15 (‘honor Christ as Lord in your hearts’). Must be kept distinct from generic মপু used of a household master (2:18, 3:6); a mandatory disambiguation note is required wherever both occur near each other.
Jesus
Approved rendering: জিসু
Transliteration: Jisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Established Manipuri Bible form; confirm against a current printed edition.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ক্রিস্তো
Transliteration: Christo
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs constantly through 1 Peter’s suffering-glory pattern (1:11, 19; 2:21; 3:18; 4:1, 13-14; 5:1, 10, 14).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই অসেংবা
Transliteration: Thawai Asengba
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: থাওয়াই alone (a generic spirit/soul, which in Sanamahi belief can also name an ancestral or Umang Lai nature-spirit, never use without অসেংবা), শক্তি (a maibi’s oracular trance-power, never use)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2, 1:12. Sharply distinguish from the new anthropological ‘soul’ sense of থাওয়াই introduced in this book (see soul entry) and from Sanamahi’s Apokpa/Umang Lai spirit categories.
Grace
Approved rendering: মথৌ তাদনা পীবা তেংবাং
Transliteration: mathou tadana piba tengbang
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা (a term shared with Vaishnava bhakti usage for Krishna’s compassionate favor toward a devotee, avoid as the primary term), পুণ্য (merit accumulated through devotional service/seva, never use)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter uniquely applies grace to unjust suffering itself being ‘a gracious thing’ (2:19-20): God favors/approves enduring unjust suffering, this must never be taught as suffering earning merit. Also 1:10,13; 3:7 (joint heirs of the grace of life); 4:10; 5:5,10,12.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক
Transliteration: achumba chatnabirak
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম (avoid the broad Hindu-derived sense of cosmic/religious duty absorbed into Meitei religious vocabulary through Vaishnavization)
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Central to ‘suffer for righteousness’ sake’ (3:14) and ‘the righteous for the unrighteous’ (3:18); 2:24. Never ধর্ম.
Salvation
Approved rendering: অহানবা
Transliteration: ahanba
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: মোক্ষ (Vaishnava/Hindu liberation, never use), লাইনিং (union/absorption into a deity’s divine presence as sought through intense bhakti or Sanamahi ancestral favor, never use as a stand-alone gloss for eternal salvation)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:5, 9, 10; 2:2. Never মোক্ষ; never framed as devotional absorption into Krishna’s presence.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: সিবদগী হিংজত-লকপা
Transliteration: sibadagi hingjat-lakpa
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম (rebirth/reincarnation, a category absorbed into Meitei religious vocabulary through Vaishnavization, never use)
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:3, 3:21. NEVER পুনর্জন্ম — the highest-priority forbidden substitution in this curriculum, now paired with the new ‘new_birth’ term below.
New Birth
Approved rendering: অনৌবা মপোকপা
Transliteration: anouba mapokpa
Doctrine: New Birth (Regeneration)
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম (rebirth/reincarnation, forbidden — highest-priority forbidden substitution in this curriculum alongside ‘resurrection’)
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
NEW term (1:3, 1:23). CRITICAL — the single highest-collision term in 1 Peter for Manipuri. Must NEVER be rendered with or suggest পুনর্জন্ম. New birth is a single, non-repeatable spiritual origin caused by God through Christ’s historical resurrection — the theological opposite of a rebirth cycle. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence.
Suffering
Approved rendering: ৱাকৎপা
Transliteration: wakatpa
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: Karmic-consequence framing (never; suffering must not be taught as the fruit of prior wrongdoing), ৱাইফম-style fatalism (never)
Original: πάθημα / πάσχω
Category: Suffering
NEW term; the backbone term of the entire book (1:6, 11; 2:19-23; 3:14, 17-18; 4:1, 13, 15-19; 5:1, 9-10). Must never be read as karmic retribution, ascetic merit-building, or impersonal fate. Mandatory human theologian review wherever suffering is linked to grace (2:19-20) or to fellowship with Christ (4:13).
Suffer For Righteousness
Approved rendering: অচুম্বগীদমক্তা ৱাকৎপা
Transliteration: achumbagidamakta wakatpa
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάσχω διὰ δικαιοσύνην
Category: Suffering
NEW compound (3:14). Direct doctrine-name anchor term for ‘Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake’; keep invariant across occurrences.
Righteous For Unrighteous
Approved rendering: অচুম্বনা অচুম্বা নত্তবাগীদমক্তা
Transliteration: achumbana achumba nattabagidamakta
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: A merely exemplary reading (‘Christ suffered as an example for the unrighteous’) — explicitly rejected; the ὑπέρ (‘on behalf of/in place of’) sense must be preserved
Original: δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Suffering
NEW compound (3:18). The clearest substitutionary-atonement statement in 1 Peter; mandatory theologian review to confirm the ‘in place of’ force survives translation, since Manipuri Vaishnava bhakti has no true substitutionary-atonement analogue to lean on.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: শাজেলদা থমখিবা থাওয়াইশিং
Transliteration: shajelda thamkhiba thawaishing
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: Any wording that would suggest continuity with Sanamahi’s ancestral Apokpa spirits or Umang Lai nature-deities, forbidden
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ
Category: Eschatology
NEW compound (3:19-20). CRITICAL — the single most collision-prone phrase in 1 Peter for a Manipuri audience. Sanamahi religious practice maintains an actively populated spirit-world with which the living maintain ongoing ritual relationship through a maiba/maibi. Must be taught as categorically distinct from, and not continuous with, these indigenous categories, anchored to one past historical disobedience (Noah’s generation). Must never be preached in a way hearable as validating ongoing communication with, or ritual access to, a populated spirit-world. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence; must always be translated/reviewed together with the ‘angels_authorities_powers’ subjection clause (3:22) as a single doctrinal unit.
Baptism Qualifying Clause
Approved rendering: সাংনা মমিং ফোদোকপা নত্তবা, থমোইগী অফবা খংবাগী ৱাশাক্না
Transliteration: sangna maming phodokpa nattaba, thamoigi aphaba khangbagi washakna
Doctrine: Baptism
Original: οὐ σαρκὸς ῥύπου ἀπόθεσις ἀλλὰ συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς ἐρώτημα
Category: Sanctification
NEW compound (3:21). Peter’s own explicit clarification that baptism is not physical cleansing but an inward covenantal pledge/appeal to God. Doctrinally essential and must never be omitted or abbreviated, since ritual water-purification (Lai Haraoba preparatory washing, Vaishnava ritual bathing) is a live cultural category that could otherwise absorb baptism’s meaning.
Holy Priesthood
Approved rendering: অসেংবা থৌজালগী মীওই
Transliteration: asengba thoujalgi miwoi
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: পুরোহিত (Brahmin temple priest — explicitly rejected; priesthood-of-all-believers must not collapse into a specialist/caste office), ঠাকুর-linked vocabulary (never use)
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW compound (2:5). CRITICAL — risks being heard through Manipuri Vaishnavism’s actual, caste-linked Brahmin পুরোহিত temple-priest office. Must be explicitly taught: EVERY believer, not a specialist caste or class, mediates. This is a true conceptual gap, not merely a word-choice problem — no existing Manipuri concept of non-specialist priestly access exists in either live tradition.
Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: নিংথৌগী থৌজালগী মীওই
Transliteration: ningthougi thoujalgi miwoi
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: পুরোহিত (never use), ঠাকুর-linked vocabulary (never use)
Original: βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
NEW compound (2:9). Exodus 19:6 covenant-identity title applied to the whole church; core doctrine-anchor term. Shares the CRITICAL Brahmin-purohit collision risk documented under holy_priesthood.
Ransomed
Approved rendering: থাদোকখিবা
Transliteration: thadokkhiba
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: Generic ‘liberation’ language (মোক্ষ-adjacent, forbidden)
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Suffering
NEW term (1:18). Must not collapse into generic liberation devoid of the atonement’s blood-price.
Precious Blood
Approved rendering: মমল চাউবা ঈ
Transliteration: mamal chauba i
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: τίμιον αἷμα
Category: Suffering
NEW compound (1:19). Christ’s blood as the priceless ransom-price, contrasted with silver or gold. Foundational atonement term.
Bore Our Sins
Approved rendering: মপুন্না মচী ইপান্না পাপ পুখিবা
Transliteration: mapunna machi ipanna pap pukhiba
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: A merely exemplary softening of this verse, explicitly rejected
Original: τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν… ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Suffering
NEW compound (2:24). The Petrine core of Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering. Must not be softened into mere exemplary suffering — 1 Peter holds BOTH exemplary and substitutionary senses together and translation must not collapse one into the other.
Shepherd
Approved rendering: য়াও ইংবা মীওই / মরু য়াও ইংবা / য়াওগী পুন
Transliteration: yao ingba miwoi / maru yao ingba / yaogi pun
Doctrine: Christ as Shepherd and Overseer of Souls
Rejected alternatives: Any cattle-herding or Govinda/Gopala-adjacent vocabulary, explicitly forbidden
Original: ποιμήν / ἀρχιποίμην / ποίμνιον
Category: Christology
NEW compound (2:25; 5:2-4). CRITICAL — the highest-collision Christological/ecclesial image in the book: Krishna is venerated throughout Manipuri Vaishnavism specifically AS a cowherd (Govinda/Gopala), the devotional center of the beloved, UNESCO-recognized Ras Lila tradition. Deliberately uses sheep (য়াও), never cattle-herding vocabulary. Mandatory distinguishing teaching note at every occurrence.
Devil
Approved rendering: য়েক্লবা লান্মী
Transliteration: yekliba lanmi
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Devil
Rejected alternatives: লাই-root vocabulary (would wrongly cast a revered Umang Lai guardian deity as evil, forbidden), bare থাওয়াই (forbidden)
Original: διάβολος / ἀντίδικος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW compound (5:8). CRITICAL — the devil must be taught as a distinct, singular, personal, malicious being opposed to God, categorically unlike the revered Umang Lai guardian deities or ancestral Apokpa spirits of Sanamahi belief, and unlike any figure within Vaishnava cosmology. Resistance is through steadfast trust in God, never ritual appeasement or counter-magic.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: সেমখ্রবা লাইবু থাগৎপা
Transliteration: semkhraba laibu thagatpa
Doctrine: Idolatry and the Former Way of Life
Rejected alternatives: Any direct naming or disparagement of currently-practiced Umang Lai veneration or Vaishnava mūrti devotion, explicitly rejected
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
NEW term (4:3). CRITICAL and genuinely sensitive: must be taught via the biblical text’s own historical Gentile referents (household gods, temple cults of Asia Minor), never by directly naming or disparaging currently-practiced Manipuri devotional traditions. Curriculum materials should let the text’s own argument carry the point.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: নুংঙাইবগী পাউ
Transliteration: nungngaibagi pao
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:12, 25; 4:6, 17.
Faith
Approved rendering: থাজবা
Transliteration: thajaba
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ভক্তি (bhakti, devoted loving worship, too specific to the Vaishnava devotional framework)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:5, 7, 9, 21; 5:9 (‘firm in your faith’ resisting the devil, not a ritual counter-measure).
Holy
Approved rendering: অসেংবা
Transliteration: asengba
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শেংবা (physically clean, ritual-purity sense only)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Foundational Leviticus citation ‘be holy, for I am holy’ (1:15-16); 2:5, 9 (holy priesthood, holy nation); 3:5. Never শেংবা.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: অসেংবা ওইহনবা
Transliteration: asengba oihanba
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2 (‘sanctification of the Spirit’). Distinct from ritual purification before Lai Haraoba or Vaishnava temple worship.
Adoption
Approved rendering: মচা ওইনা লৌবা
Transliteration: macha oina louba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: υἱοθεσία (conceptual background to κληρονομία)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the new ‘inheritance’ term (1:4, 3:7). Meitei clan (yumnak) inheritance runs through birth lineage, not adoption — requires explicit teaching.
Glory
Approved rendering: মতিক চাউবা
Transliteration: matik chauba
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:7-8, 11, 21, 24; 4:11, 13-14; 5:1, 4, 10. Avoid Ras Lila staged-radiance metaphors evoking Krishna’s own divine light.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: লোইনবা
Transliteration: loinaba
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία / κοινωνέω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; risk tier raised from the baseline’s Low to High for this book because 4:13 extends it to ‘fellowship IN Christ’s sufferings’ — suffering itself becomes a mode of union with Christ, a new nuance requiring explicit teaching, not mere companionship-in-hardship.
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 2:22, 24; 3:18; 4:1, 8, 18.
Called
Approved rendering: কৌখিবা
Transliteration: koukhiba
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10 (‘called you to his eternal glory’).
Calling
Approved rendering: কৌবগী থৌদাং
Transliteration: koubagi thoudang
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Kept structurally parallel to কৌখিবা throughout 1 Peter.
Election
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী খনবা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi khanba
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ৱাইফম (fate/destiny, never use)
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:1-2 (‘elect exiles’); 2:9 (‘chosen race’). Never ৱাইফম.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী পাংথোক-থেংনবা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi pangthok-thengnaba
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি (associated with the ritual/oracular power of a maibi in Lai Haraoba trance, avoid as the primary term)
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:5 (‘guarded through faith… by God’s power’). Never শক্তি.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: থাজবগী ইনবা
Transliteration: thajabagi inba
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ভক্তিগী সেবা (devotional service performed out of bhakti, a works-based misreading)
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2, 1:14, 1:22 (‘obedience to the truth’).
Providence
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী থৌরাং
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi thourang
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ৱাইফম (fate, never use)
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds 1 Peter 4:19 (‘faithful Creator’) and 5:6-7 (‘cast your anxiety on him’); never ৱাইফম.
Soul
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই
Transliteration: thawai
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ψυχή
Category: Anthropology
NEW term (1:9, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19). Rendered থাওয়াই in its legitimate anthropological sense only (the whole inner/personal life, not a disembodied ‘spirit-part’). Mandatory translator note required at every occurrence distinguishing this from (a) থাওয়াই অসেংবা, the Holy Spirit, and (b) Sanamahi’s ancestral Apokpa spirit, which থাওয়াই can also denote in indigenous belief.
Elect Exiles
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুনা খনখিবা লমদম অতোপ্পাদা লৈরিবা মীওই
Transliteration: Tengban Mapuna khankhiba lamdam atoppada leiriba miwoi
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις
Category: Salvation
NEW compound (1:1). Election language shares the baseline’s caution (never ৱাইফম); the sojourner-identity framing must be taught as a theological identity (heavenly citizenship), never mapped onto present ethnic-displacement politics within Manipur, given live memory of community displacement and inter-community tension.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী হান্না খংবা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi hanna khangba
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ৱাইফম-adjacent fate vocabulary, never use
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: God
NEW term (1:2, 1:20). Must not be read as impersonal fate, consistent with the baseline’s providence/election cautions.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: ঈগী চেন্থোকপা
Transliteration: igi chenthokpa
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος
Category: Covenant
NEW term (1:2). Covenant-ratifying image drawn from Exodus 24, applied to Christ’s blood. Requires explicit Old Testament covenant background teaching; no ready equivalent covenant-blood-ratification concept exists in Sanamahi or Vaishnava practice.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: হিংবা আশা
Transliteration: hingba asha
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Eschatology
NEW compound (1:3), the core passage’s central term. Must be distinguished from generic optimism and from any eschatological hope framed as progress toward liberation/absorption (মোক্ষ-adjacent) rather than personal reunion with a risen, personal Christ.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: মচাগী ফংগদবা
Transliteration: machagi phanggadaba
Doctrine: Inheritance and Future Reward
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
NEW term (1:4, 3:7). Must carry full legal/relational inheritance-rights force per the baseline’s adoption caution, since Meitei clan (yumnak) inheritance runs through birth lineage, not adoption.
Trial
Approved rendering: চাংদন য়েংবা
Transliteration: changdan yengba
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πειρασμός / δοκίμιον
Category: Suffering
NEW term (1:6-7; reused 4:12). Must be distinguished from suffering as karmic consequence for prior wrongdoing (a live category in the Vaishnava moral universe) or as impersonal fate (ৱাইফম); trial has a purposive, refining, relational meaning under a personal God.
Once For All
Approved rendering: অমুক্তমক্তা
Transliteration: amuktamakta
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Suffering
NEW term (3:18). Must be preserved wherever ἅπαξ occurs, contrasting with any cyclical or repeatable ritual sacrifice/offering pattern (Vaishnava puja, Umang Lai animal offerings).
Proclaim
Approved rendering: ফোংদোকপা
Transliteration: phongdokpa
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Christology
NEW term (3:19). Reuses the baseline prophecy-root; must be kept distinct from εὐαγγελίζω/gospel-preach (a saving offer) — the proclamation to the spirits in prison is not necessarily evangelistic.
Baptism
Approved rendering: বাপ্তিস্মা
Transliteration: Baptisma
Doctrine: Baptism
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Sanctification
NEW transliterated term (3:21). Must always be taught with its own immediate qualifying clause (see baptism_qualifying_clause) to avoid a ‘water itself saves’ misreading; distinguish from ritual bathing/purification in Lai Haraoba or Vaishnava temple practice. Never detach the term from its qualifying clause in any downstream editing pass.
Good Conscience
Approved rendering: থমোইগী অফবা খংবা
Transliteration: thamoigi aphaba khangba
Doctrine: Baptism
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Suffering
NEW term (3:16, 21).
Living Stone
Approved rendering: হিংবা নুং
Transliteration: hingba nung
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Christology
NEW term (2:4). Christ as the paradoxical living foundation-stone opening the Royal Priesthood section.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: য়ুম্ফমগী মরুওইবা নুং / তুংকৎপগী নুং
Transliteration: yumphamgi maruoiba nung / tungkatpagi nung
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ἀκρογωνιαῖος / λίθος προσκόμματος
Category: Christology
NEW compound (2:6-8). Christ as both the foundation-stone for believers and a stumbling-stone for unbelievers, drawing on Psalm 118/Isaiah 28 testimonia.
Spiritual House
Approved rendering: থাওয়াইগী য়ুম
Transliteration: thawaigi yum
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: Church
NEW term (2:5). Must be sharply distinguished both from মন্দির (Vaishnava temple) and from any Umang Lai sacred-house/shrine category; থাওয়াই here must not suggest a populated spirit-house of the Sanamahi kind.
Spiritual Sacrifices
Approved rendering: থাওয়াইগী ইরাত্ত
Transliteration: thawaigi iratta
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: A literal-offering reading of ইরাত্ত, explicitly rejected
Original: θυσίαι πνευματικαί
Category: Church
NEW term (2:5). Risks being heard as the literal animal/blood offerings given to the Umang Lai at Lai Haraoba or presented at a Vaishnava shrine; must be explicitly taught as praise and righteous living, never literal offering.
Chosen Race
Approved rendering: খনখিবা ইমুং-লোল
Transliteration: khankhiba imung-lol
Doctrine: Holy Nation and Chosen People Identity
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν
Category: Church
NEW term (2:9). Resonates with (but must be carefully distinguished from) Meitei clan/yumnak lineage identity, similar to the baseline’s ‘seed of David’ caution. The church’s identity here is theological/covenantal, not an ethnic-lineage claim.
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: অসেংবা ফুরুপ
Transliteration: asengba phurup
Doctrine: Holy Nation and Chosen People Identity
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW compound (2:9), natural extension of baseline অসেংবা + ফুরুপ.
Peoples Possession
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী মীওই ওইনা লৌখিবা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi miwoi oina loukhiba
Doctrine: Holy Nation and Chosen People Identity
Original: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
NEW term (2:9), Exodus 19:6’s ‘a people for God’s own possession.‘
Conduct
Approved rendering: চৎনবিরাক
Transliteration: chatnabirak
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification
NEW term reusing baseline morpheme (1:15, 18; 2:12; 3:1-2, 16). Central to ‘Holiness in Conduct’; must be distinguished from ritual observance calendars (Lai Haraoba preparation, Vaishnava temple conduct codes) — whole-of-life moral conduct flowing from new birth, not periodic ritual behavior.
Lamb
Approved rendering: য়াওগী মচা
Transliteration: yaogi macha
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: Assimilation to any repeated indigenous or Vaishnava sacrificial-offering pattern, forbidden
Original: ἀμνός
Category: Christology
NEW term (1:19). Christ as the perfect, once-for-all sacrificial lamb; must be taught as unique and unrepeated.
Submission
Approved rendering: ইনবা
Transliteration: inba
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: Passive fatalism or endorsement of unjust structures — both explicitly rejected framings
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Authority
NEW term reusing baseline obedience-of-faith morpheme (2:13, 18; 3:1, 5, 22; 5:5). Mandatory human theologian review: submission must be taught as voluntary, gospel-motivated, Christ-imitating conduct, given particular sensitivity around Manipur’s historical relationship with governing authority.
Endurance
Approved rendering: খাংথোকপা
Transliteration: khangthokpa
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω
Category: Authority
NEW term (2:20). Steadfast remaining-under pressure, motivated by conscious awareness of God, not stoic resignation.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী মিওৎ
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi miwot
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: δοῦλος θεοῦ
Category: Authority
NEW compound (2:16). Sensitive given Manipur’s historical bonded-labor/servitude social categories; frame carefully as willing devotion, not social bondage.
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: মৱোং
Transliteration: mawong
Doctrine: Christ’s Suffering as an Example for Believers
Original: ὑπογραμμός / τύπος
Category: Suffering
NEW term (2:21; also 5:3). A model to be imitated stroke-for-stroke, as a child traces letters. Key link to Christ’s suffering being also exemplary, not only substitutionary; must be held together with, never instead of, bore_our_sins (2:24).
Healed By Wounds
Approved rendering: মনা ফাবগী মখাদা ফাহোনখিবা
Transliteration: mana phabagi makhada phahonkhiba
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἰάθητε
Category: Suffering
NEW compound (2:24), Isaiah 53:5 quotation. Restoration accomplished through Christ’s suffering, primarily spiritual/moral, not merely physical.
Elders
Approved rendering: কলিসিয়াগী অহলশিং
Transliteration: kalisiyagi ahalshing
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: πρεσβύτερος / συμπρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW term (5:1, 5). Positively resonates with existing Meitei respect for অহল (elders) but must be explicitly taught as a recognized spiritual OFFICE, distinct from village-council eldership (lup) or age-based social seniority alone.
Humility
Approved rendering: নিংতম্বা ওইবা
Transliteration: ningtamba oiba
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: Ascetic renunciant self-abasement (vairagya), explicitly distinguished against
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινόω
Category: Church
NEW term (3:8; 5:5-6). Relational, other-serving lowliness, distinct from Vaishnava vairagya devotional practice.
Not Domineering
Approved rendering: মপু ওইনা কয়েংবা
Transliteration: mapu oina kayengba
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Church
NEW compound, explicitly negated (5:3). The wordplay on মপু (elders must not act as though they held Christ’s own exclusive Lordship, মপু ইবুংগো) should be preserved as a deliberate teaching point.
Crown Of Glory
Approved rendering: মতিক চাউবগী লুচিং
Transliteration: matik chaubagi luching
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: στέφανος τῆς δόξης
Category: Eschatology
NEW compound (5:4). লুচিং resonates with historic Meitei royal regalia; must distinguish the heavenly reward from any earthly Pakhangba-lineage royal crown.
Love
Approved rendering: নুংশিবা
Transliteration: nungshiba
Doctrine: Love and Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: Assimilation to Radha-Krishna romantic-devotional prema, explicitly rejected
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Sanctification
NEW term (1:8, 22; 4:8; 5:14). Must be distinguished from Manipuri Vaishnavism’s Radha-Krishna romantic-devotional prema, publicly performed and UNESCO-recognized through Ras Lila; ‘loving Christ though unseen’ is covenantal, whole-person devotion to a supreme, exclusive Lord.
Gentle Quiet Spirit
Approved rendering: ঙাইথিব্বা অমসুং ইনবা থমোই
Transliteration: ngaithibba amasung inba thamoi
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Marriage
Rejected alternatives: থাওয়াই-based rendering, deliberately rejected to avoid Holy Spirit/spirit-world confusion
Original: πραΰς καὶ ἡσύχιος πνεῦμα
Category: Sanctification
NEW compound (3:4). Deliberately renders this dispositional sense with থমোই (heart/disposition), NOT থাওয়াই. Mandatory translator note required at this verse explaining the deliberate root choice.
Weaker Vessel
Approved rendering: হেনগৎলবা ফু
Transliteration: hengatlaba phu
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Marriage
Rejected alternatives: Any reading implying spiritual inferiority, explicitly rejected
Original: ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος
Category: Authority
NEW compound (3:7). Culturally sensitive; requires explicit pastoral framing so vulnerability language is never taught as spiritual inferiority. Must always be taught alongside ‘joint_heirs’ in the same verse.
Joint Heirs
Approved rendering: লৌনবা লোয়ননা ফংগদবা
Transliteration: lounaba loinanna phanggadaba
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Marriage
Original: συγκληρονόμος χάριτος ζωῆς
Category: Authority
NEW compound (3:7), reusing inheritance and grace roots. Establishes full spiritual equality between husband and wife before God; never presented without weaker_vessel’s pairing clause in the same breath.
Judgment
Approved rendering: ৱাহান্থাবা
Transliteration: wahanthaba
Doctrine: Judgment and the Household of God
Rejected alternatives: Impersonal karmic retribution framing, rejected
Original: κρίμα / κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
NEW term (4:5-6, 17). God’s authoritative reckoning, beginning with his own household; a refining, purposive judgment, distinguished from impersonal karmic retribution.
Living Word
Approved rendering: হিংবা ৱাহেই
Transliteration: hingba wahei
Doctrine: Inspiration and Preservation of Scripture
Original: λόγος ζῶν θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
NEW compound (1:23-25). Scripture as the imperishable, living means through which new birth occurs. Given the historical burning of indigenous Meitei puya manuscripts in 1729 (Puya Meithaba), this doctrine carries particular positive resonance and should be taught with sensitivity to that cultural memory of lost sacred texts.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: তবিদগী থাবিরকপা
Transliteration: tabidagi thabirakpa
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:1.
Peace
Approved rendering: ইনগবা
Transliteration: ingba
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2, 3:11 (seek peace), 5:14.
Church
Approved rendering: কলিসিয়া
Transliteration: kalisiya
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: মন্দির (a Vaishnava temple, never use), উমাং লাই থাবা (an Umang Lai sacred grove worship site, never use)
Original: ἐκκλησία (background to πρεσβύτερος context)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘elders of the church’ (5:1). Distinct from মন্দির and Umang Lai sacred grove.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: অতোপ্পা ফুরুপ
Transliteration: atoppa phurup
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 2:12, 4:3, denoting the surrounding pagan society. Underlies the new ‘holy nation’ coinage.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: থাওয়াইগী খুদোল
Transliteration: thawaigi khudol
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি (a maibi priestess’s ritual/oracular power during Lai Haraoba trance, avoid as a substitute)
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 4:10 (‘each has received a gift… good stewards of God’s varied grace’).
Mercy
Approved rendering: থমোইদা তাবা চানবি
Transliteration: thamoida taba chanbi
Doctrine: Grace and Mercy
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW term (1:3, 2:10). Must be taught alongside but distinct from grace: mercy answers misery, grace answers demerit. Neither should collapse into bhakti-responsive কৃপা.
Dispersion
Approved rendering: সেন্দোকখ্রবা মীওই
Transliteration: sendokkhraba miwoi
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: διασπορά
Category: Church
NEW term (1:1), naming the scattered condition of believers across the provinces addressed.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: মকোক্তবা
Transliteration: makoktaba
Doctrine: Inheritance and Future Reward
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term (1:4; also used of the imperishable seed of new birth, 1:23).
Undefiled
Approved rendering: অমোৎপা নত্তবা
Transliteration: amotpa nattaba
Doctrine: Inheritance and Future Reward
Original: ἀμίαντος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term (1:4). Distinguish from ritual-purity vocabulary tied to Lai Haraoba or temple preparation; this describes a state of the inheritance itself.
Guarded
Approved rendering: ঙাক্তোকপা
Transliteration: ngaktokpa
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: τηρέω / φρουρέω
Category: Eschatology
NEW term (1:4-5), a military-guard image of God’s securing protection of the believer’s future hope.
Fear Reverence
Approved rendering: কিবা
Transliteration: kiba
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: φόβος
Category: Sanctification
NEW term (1:17; 2:17-18; 3:2, 6, 14-15). Distinguish reverential awe of a personal Father-Judge from ritual dread of offending the Umang Lai or incurring divine displeasure in Vaishnava terms. Requires per-occurrence disambiguation, not a single blanket gloss.
King
Approved rendering: নিংথৌ
Transliteration: ningthou
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: βασιλεύς
Category: Authority
NEW term (2:13, 17). Resonance with the historic Meitei kingship/Pakhangba-lineage tradition; distinguish earthly kingship from Christ’s supreme Lordship (মপু ইবুংগো).
Master Generic
Approved rendering: মপু
Transliteration: mapu
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Authority
NEW term (2:18; 3:6). Mandatory disambiguation note: generic মপু (household master) must never be confused with the honorific compound মপু ইবুংগো reserved for Christ’s exclusive Lordship.
Overseer
Approved rendering: য়েংশিনবা মীওই
Transliteration: yengshinba miwoi
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπέω
Category: Church
NEW term (2:25; 5:2). The office of watchful spiritual oversight.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: ইচিন-ইনাওগী নুংশিবা
Transliteration: ichin-inaogi nungshiba
Doctrine: Love and Christian Fellowship
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
NEW term (1:22; 3:8). Love among siblings-in-faith.
Christian Name
Approved rendering: ক্রিস্তান
Transliteration: Christian
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Church
NEW term (4:16), aligned with the manipuri_doctrine_name already used for ‘Christian Fellowship’ in the Romans doctrine risk registry. Suffering ‘as a Christian’ is honorable, not shameful.
Faithful Creator
Approved rendering: সেমখ্রবা তেংবাং মপু
Transliteration: semkhraba Tengban Mapu
Doctrine: Providence and the Faithful Creator
Original: πιστὸς κτίστης
Category: God
NEW compound (4:19), reusing baseline তেংবাং মপু and থাজবা roots. Grounds endurance in suffering in God’s reliable, personal character as Maker, not fate.
Babylon
Approved rendering: বেবিলোন
Transliteration: Bebilon
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: Βαβυλών
Category: Church
NEW transliterated term (5:13). Likely symbolic for Rome, the imperial seat of persecution; requires a translator/teaching note clarifying the probable symbolic rather than literal Old Testament referent.
Angels Authorities Powers
Approved rendering: স্বর্গদূত অমসুং পাংথোক-থেংনবাশিং
Transliteration: swargadut amasung pangthok-thengnabashing
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: ἄγγελοι, ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις
Category: Eschatology
NEW compound (3:22). The total subjection of every spiritual power to Christ is the doctrinal safeguard against misreading ‘spirits in prison’ (3:19) as an ongoing, negotiable, or ritually-accessible spirit-world; must always be taught/translated in the same breath as spirits_in_prison, never as a separate later point.
Right Hand Of God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী য়েৎ-খুৎ
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi yet-khut
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: δεξιά θεοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW term (3:22). An idiom of exaltation/authority, not anatomical; requires a brief explanatory note for a low-Old-Testament-literacy audience.
Imperishable Seed
Approved rendering: মকোক্তবা চা-চাহি
Transliteration: makoktaba cha-chahi
Doctrine: New Birth (Regeneration)
Original: σπορὰ ἄφθαρτος
Category: Salvation
NEW compound (1:23), reusing চা-চাহি (seed of David root) and মকোক্তবা (imperishable). Contrasts ordinary human birth with new birth’s imperishable divine source.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: তোঙান তোঙানবা ফোংদোকপা
Transliteration: tongan tonganba phongdokpa
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: মৈবা (a traditional Sanamahi ritual specialist/healer, never use)
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:10 (prophets searched diligently). Never মৈবা/মৈবী.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ফোংদোকপা ৱারোল
Transliteration: phongdokpa warol
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Background to 1 Peter 1:10-12.
Exhort
Approved rendering: থাওয়াই পীবা
Transliteration: thawai piba
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 5:1, 12.
Unfading
Approved rendering: মচুপ্পা নত্তবা
Transliteration: machuppa nattaba
Doctrine: Inheritance and Future Reward
Original: ἀμάραντος / ἀμαράντινος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term (1:4; reused for the ‘unfading crown of glory,’ 5:4).
Blessed
Approved rendering: থাগৎপা তেংবাং মপু
Transliteration: thagatpa Tengban Mapu
Doctrine: Grace and Mercy
Original: εὐλογητός
Category: God
NEW term (1:3), the opening doxological praise formula, building on the baseline থাগৎচরি (thanksgiving) root.
Referenced passages