Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 2 John | English → Manipuri
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of 2 John (its single chapter, all 13 verses). Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked REUSED (baseline) and must never be altered. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked NEW and follow the baseline’s descriptive-compound methodology; several are flagged for native-speaker or theologian confirmation before wide deployment, consistent with baseline practice.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence) / High (human theologian review) / Medium (native speaker review) / Low (automated review).
Reused Baseline Terms (Do Not Alter)
| English Term | Greek | Manipuri Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | 2 John Reference(s) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | তেংবাং মপু | Tengban Mapu | Critical | 1:3, 1:9 | REUSED (baseline) |
| Father | πατήρ | ইপা | Ipa | Critical | 1:3, 1:4, 1:9 | REUSED (baseline) |
| Son of God (the Son) | υἱὸς (τοῦ πατρός) | তেংবাং মপুগী মচানুপা | Tengban Mapugi machanupa | Critical | 1:3, 1:9 | REUSED (baseline) |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | জিসু | Jisu | Critical | 1:3, 1:7 | REUSED (baseline) |
| Messiah / Christ | Χριστός | ক্রিস্তো | Christo | Critical | 1:3, 1:7, 1:9 | REUSED (baseline) |
| Incarnation | ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί | মীওইগী মহৈ লৌবা | miwoigi mahai louba | Critical | 1:7 | REUSED (baseline) |
| Grace | χάρις | মথৌ তাদনা পীবা তেংবাং | mathou tadana piba tengbang | Critical | 1:3 | REUSED (baseline) |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | ইনগবা | ingba | Medium | 1:3 | REUSED (baseline) |
| Fellowship / shares in | κοινωνία / κοινωνέω | লোইনবা | loinaba | Low (Medium in negative use, see notes) | 1:11 | REUSED (baseline), sense-extended |
| Election / elect | ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός | খনবা (adjectival use of বাসেলাইন root তেংবাং মপুগী খনবা) | khanba | High | 1:1, 1:13 | REUSED root (baseline) |
New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum
| English Term | Greek / Transliteration | Manipuri Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | 2 John Reference(s) | Doctrine | Confirmation Needed? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Truth | ἀλήθεια / alētheia | অচুম্বা | achumba | High | 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 | Walking in Truth and Love | Distinguish from Sanskrit-derived সত্য (Vaishnava Satya Yuga cosmology) |
| Love (noun/verb) | ἀγάπη, ἀγαπάω / agapē, agapaō | নুংশিবা | nungshiba | High | 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:6 | Walking in Truth and Love | Distinguish from প্রেম (Ras Lila Krishna-Radha devotional love) |
| Mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | নিংবারী | ningbari | Medium | 1:3 | Grace/Mercy (extends baseline Grace doctrine) | Yes — no settled precedent found; confirm before deployment |
| Commandment | ἐντολή / entolē | য়াথাং | yathang | High | 1:4, 1:5, 1:6 | Walking in Truth and Love | Requires context note distinguishing from baseline’s Mosaic-Law sense of same word |
| Walking (conduct) | περιπατέω / peripateō | চৎপা | chatpa | Medium | 1:4, 1:6 | Walking in Truth and Love | Distinguish from Lai Haraoba ritual procession |
| World | κόσμος / kosmos | তৈবাং লৈবাক | taibang leibak | Medium | 1:7 | Warning against Deceivers | Distinguish from Sanamahi/Pakhangba creation cosmology |
| Deceiver | πλάνος / planos | অরানবা তম্বিবা মীওই | aranba tambiba miwoi | Critical | 1:7 | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Yes — provisional compound, confirm with theologian |
| Antichrist | ἀντίχριστος / antichristos | এণ্টিক্রিস্তো (গ্লস: ক্রিস্তোগী য়েকপা) | Antikristo | Critical | 1:7 | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Yes — must be explicitly distinguished from Kalki-avatar eschatological expectation |
| Confess | ὁμολογέω / homologeō | ফোংদোকপা | phongdokpa | High | 1:7 | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Distinguish from maibi trance-utterance |
| Teaching (of Christ) / Doctrine | διδαχή / didachē | তম্বিবা (full: ক্রিস্তোগী তম্বিবা) | tambiba (Christogi tambiba) | High | 1:9, 1:10 | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Distinguish from guru-parampara instruction and মৈবা ritual instruction |
| Abide / Remain | μένω / menō | লৈথিবা | leithiba | High | 1:2, 1:9 | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Yes — confirm against printed Manipuri Bible “abide” passages |
| Goes ahead / Transgresses | προάγω / proagō | হেন্না চৎপা | henna chatpa | High | 1:9 | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Frame as doctrinal overreach, not general disobedience |
| Does not have God | θεὸν οὐκ ἔχει | তেংবাং মপু লৈতে | Tengban Mapu leite | Critical | 1:9 | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Preserve unqualified; do not soften |
| Watch (yourselves) | βλέπω / blepō | চেক্সিন্নবা | cheksinnaba | Medium | 1:8 | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Frame as doctrinal vigilance, not superstitious protection |
| Lose (reward/fruit) | ἀπόλλυμι / apollymi | মাংহনবা | manghanba | Medium | 1:8 | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Do not imply loss of salvation itself |
| Work(ed for) / labor | ἐργάζομαι, ἔργον / ergazomai, ergon | থবক | thabak | Medium | 1:8, 1:11 | Perseverance / Warning against Deceivers | Distinguish from bhakti সেবা (devotional service) |
| Full reward | μισθὸς πλήρης / misthos plērēs | থবকী মানুং | thabakki manung | Medium | 1:8 | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Yes — confirm term for eschatological reward |
| Receive into house | λαμβάνω εἰς οἰκίαν / lambanō eis oikian | য়ুমদা লৌবা | yumda louba | High | 1:10 | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Frame as withholding formal doctrinal endorsement, not general inhospitality |
| Greeting (formula) | χαίρειν / chairein | খুরুমজরি | khurumjari | Medium | 1:10, 1:11 | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Withholding is a serious act in Meitei custom; frame as doctrinal, not merely social, refusal |
| Rejoice / Joy | χαίρω, χαρά / chairō, chara | নুংঙাইবা | nungngaiba | High | 1:4, 1:12 | Walking in Truth and Love (tone) | NEVER হরাওবা — Lai Haraoba festival-name collision |
| Evil (works) | πονηρός / ponēros | ফত্তবা | phattaba | Low | 1:11 | Warning against Deceivers | Distinguish from পাপ (sin) register |
| Elder | πρεσβύτερος / presbyteros | কলিসিয়াগী অহল | kalisiyagi ahal | Medium | 1:1 | Church leadership (contextual) | Distinguish from village/clan elder and Umang Lai ritual elder |
| Lady (addressee) | κυρία / kyria | ইকায়খুম্লবা নুপী | ikayakhumlaba nupi | Medium | 1:1, 1:5 | (Contextual, addressee identity) | AVOID লেইমা — Leimarel Sidabi (Sanamahi goddess) collision |
| Know (the truth) | γινώσκω / ginōskō | খংবা | khangba | Medium | 1:1 | Walking in Truth and Love | Preserve settled/completed-knowledge nuance (perfect tense) |
| From the beginning | ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς / ap’ archēs | অহoubদগী | ahoubadagi | Low | 1:5, 1:6 | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Avoid cosmogonic “beginning of the world” resonance |
| Forever / age | αἰών / aiōn | মতম পুম্নমক্তা | matam pumnamakta | Medium | 1:2 | (Supports Perseverance doctrine) | Confirm against existing “eternal life” renderings |
| Children | τέκνον / teknon | মচা | macha | Low–Medium | 1:1, 1:4, 1:13 | (Supports Adoption doctrine, baseline) | Context-sensitive: literal vs. spiritual children |
| Sister | ἀδελφή / adelphē | ইচেল | ichel | Low | 1:13 | (Contextual) | Context-sensitive: literal vs. spiritual kinship |
| Face to face (idiom) | στόμα πρὸς στόμα | মমাংদা মমাংদা | mamangda mamangda | Low | 1:12 | (Idiom, no doctrinal weight) | Render idiomatic meaning, not literal “mouth to mouth” |
| Paper and ink | χάρτης, μέλαν | চাদর অমসুং মে | chadar amasung me | Low | 1:12 | (Cultural detail only) | No theological content |
Risk Summary for 2 John
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | Human theologian (every occurrence) |
| High | 12 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 12 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 6 | Automated review |
Critical-tier terms requiring theologian review on every occurrence: God, Father, Son of God, Jesus, Christ/Messiah, Incarnation, Grace, “does not have God,” Deceiver, Antichrist (10 distinct entries drawn from the 8 baseline-Critical categories plus 2 newly introduced Critical terms specific to 2 John: Deceiver and Antichrist).
Most significant new risk surfaced by this book not present in the Romans baseline: the Antichrist / Kalki-avatar collision (2 John 1:7) and the নুংঙাইবা vs. হরাওবা / Lai Haraoba festival-name collision (2 John 1:4, 1:12) — both require explicit translator notes and are not addressed by any existing baseline entry.
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in a subsequent Phase 1 step before Phase 2 segment translation begins. All “Confirmation Needed: Yes” terms above must be resolved with a Manipuri-speaking theologian before those terms are locked.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপু
Transliteration: Tengban Mapu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঠাকুর (a devotional title strongly associated with Krishna in Manipuri Vaishnavism, avoid as the primary term), সানামাহি (never use as the primary term for the biblical God; reserve strictly for describing traditional Sanamahi belief about the household deity)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 2 John 1:9 this term carries the full weight of the letter’s strongest claim (‘does not have God’); the term must retain full, unqualified personal-deity force at that occurrence, not a generic divine-principle sense.
Father
Approved rendering: ইপা
Transliteration: Ipa
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 John 1:3-4, 1:9 as the source of the apostolic commandment to love and as one of the two persons (with the Son) whose relationship is at stake in doctrinal perseverance.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপুগী মচানুপা
Transliteration: Tengban Mapugi machanupa
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: অবতার (avatar, an incarnate deity-descent as understood in Manipuri Vaishnavism, e.g. Krishna, an explicit downgrade and rejected)
Original: υἱός (τοῦ πατρός)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 2 John 1:3, Jesus Christ is named explicitly as co-equal source of grace, mercy, and peace ‘from the Father’; in 1:9, possessing the Son is inseparable from possessing the Father. Must never be softened into ‘a great avatar’ or ‘a favored spirit within the Umang Lai pantheon.‘
Jesus
Approved rendering: জিসু
Transliteration: Jisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs at 2 John 1:3, 1:7 (whose coming ‘in flesh’ is the doctrinal test of the letter).
Messiah
Approved rendering: ক্রিস্তো
Transliteration: Christo
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Must not be assimilated to a Vaishnava avatar-sequence figure; 2 John’s warning (1:7, 1:9) presupposes a single, unrepeatable, historically fixed identity.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: মীওইগী মহৈ লৌবা
Transliteration: miwoigi mahai louba
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: অবতার (never use; Manipuri Vaishnavism’s Krishna-avatar devotion, expressed through the Ras Lila tradition, makes this the single highest-salience wrong word for Meitei readers)
Original: ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. This is 2 John’s doctrinal center (1:7): the specific claim the letter’s ‘deceivers’ deny is Jesus Christ’s real, permanent, historical coming in genuine human flesh. NEVER use অবতার under any circumstance in this book; every occurrence requires human theologian review.
Grace
Approved rendering: মথৌ তাদনা পীবা তেংবাং
Transliteration: mathou tadana piba tengbang
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা (a term shared with Vaishnava bhakti usage for Krishna’s compassionate favor toward a devotee, avoid as the primary term), পুণ্য (merit accumulated through devotional service/seva, never use)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Named in the letter’s opening greeting (2 John 1:3) as flowing jointly from the Father and the Son. Must never collapse into কৃপা, understood in Manipuri Vaishnavism as responsive to a devotee’s seva rather than wholly unconditioned.
Deceiver
Approved rendering: অরানবা তম্বিবা মীওই
Transliteration: aranba tambiba miwoi
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: πλάνος
Category: Sin
NEW — CONFIRMATION NEEDED. Provisional descriptive compound (‘person who teaches falsehood’); should be confirmed with a Manipuri-speaking theologian before wide deployment, following the same caution the Romans baseline applied to novel compounds (e.g. ‘imputed righteousness’). Occurs 2 John 1:7. Must convey deliberate doctrinal falsehood (specifically, denial of Christ’s incarnation), not general moral badness, and must not be confused with a traditional মৈবা/মৈবী ritual specialist, whose social role is unrelated to this doctrinal category.
Antichrist
Approved rendering: এণ্টিক্রিস্তো (ক্রিস্তোগী য়েকপা)
Transliteration: Antikristo (Christogi yekpa)
Doctrine: Antichrist and the Denial of Christ’s True Nature
Rejected alternatives: A bare paraphrase such as ‘opponent of Christ’ with no transliteration (risks assimilation into the Vaishnava Kalki-avatar expectation, never use without the transliterated anchor)
Original: ὁ ἀντίχριστος
Category: Eschatology
NEW — CONFIRMATION NEEDED. Transliteration (এণ্টিক্রিস্তো) with a MANDATORY fixed descriptive gloss (ক্রিস্তোগী য়েকপা, ‘opponent of Christ’) attached at every occurrence; never let the gloss stand alone as a paraphrase. Must be explicitly distinguished, at every occurrence, from the Vaishnava eschatological expectation of Kalki, the final avatar of Vishnu awaited at the end of the current age (Kali Yuga) to destroy evil and renew the world. 2 John’s antichrist (1:7) is a denier of Christ’s real incarnation, not a rival or future redeemer-avatar within an ongoing cycle. Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
Does Not Have God
Approved rendering: তেংবাং মপু লৈতে
Transliteration: Tengban Mapu leite
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: θεὸν οὐκ ἔχει
Category: God
NEW PHRASE, built on the reused Critical term তেংবাং মপু. A strong idiom denying any genuine relationship with God to one who abandons the teaching of Christ (2 John 1:9). Must never be softened — per baseline doctrinal-preservation rules, strong doctrinal statements must be preserved without qualification, despite Meitei politeness norms elsewhere in the letter (greeting customs) that might otherwise pressure a translator toward face-saving language.
High Risk Terms
Election
Approved rendering: খনবা
Transliteration: khanba
Doctrine: Election of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ৱাইফম (fate/destiny, never use)
Inherited from Romans package (root unchanged from তেংবাং মপুগী খনবা), applied in 2 John to individuals (‘elect lady’ 1:1, ‘elect sister’ 1:13) rather than the corporate people-group sense used in Romans. Must convey God’s gracious personal choosing, never social rank, and must avoid resonance with the historic Meitei royal-divine-lineage selection tradition (Pakhangba-descent claim of Meitei kingship) or, since addressed to a woman, with লেইমা/Leimarel Sidabi Sanamahi goddess associations.
Truth
Approved rendering: অচুম্বা
Transliteration: achumba
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Rejected alternatives: সত্য (Sanskrit-derived, common in Vaishnava cosmological usage, e.g. Satya Yuga, ‘the age of truth’; avoid)
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Faith
NEW. Reuses the morpheme already embedded in the Romans baseline’s অচুম্বা চৎনবিরাক (‘righteousness’), carrying an existing Christian-doctrinal association. Occurs 2 John 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 (four times in the opening section alone). Must be explicitly distinguished from সত্য so truth is heard as centered on Christ’s person and work, not a cyclical cosmic-order concept. Consistency required at every occurrence.
Love
Approved rendering: নুংশিবা
Transliteration: nungshiba
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Rejected alternatives: প্রেম (Sanskrit-derived term strongly associated with the romantic/devotional Krishna-Radha love celebrated in the Ras Lila tradition; never use for agapē)
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Christian Ethics
NEW. Ordinary warm Manipuri word for love, chosen to keep the register relational/familial-communal rather than devotional-erotic. Occurs 2 John 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:6 (defined in 1:6 as obedient conduct, not sentiment). Reciprocal form: অমাগা অমাগা নুংশিনবা (‘love one another’).
Commandment
Approved rendering: য়াথাং
Transliteration: yathang
Doctrine: The Apostolic Commandment to Love
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম (avoid the Hindu-derived religious-duty sense absorbed through Vaishnavization)
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Covenant
NEW SENSE OF EXISTING ROOT. Same lexeme the Romans baseline fixed for the Mosaic Law/Torah (য়াথাং). In 2 John 1:4-6 it instead names the apostolic command to love one another, received ‘from the beginning’ of Christian teaching, NOT the Sinai law-code. A translator note MUST accompany every occurrence in this book clarifying this distinct sense, to prevent readers importing Romans’ Torah-fulfillment argument into 2 John. The letter’s negation (‘not a new commandment, but one we have had from the beginning’) must be kept clear so the love-command is not misread as a late innovation.
Confess
Approved rendering: ফোংদোকপা
Transliteration: phongdokpa
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Faith
NEW SENSE OF EXISTING ROOT. Reuses the root already established in the Romans baseline for prophecy vocabulary (ফোংদোকপা ৱারোল, ‘declaration’). In 2 John 1:7, extended to mean ‘openly declare/affirm as true’ — the doctrinal test the letter proposes. Must be distinguished from a maibi’s trance-utterance declarations during Lai Haraoba, which are oracular, not doctrinal-propositional.
Teaching Of Christ
Approved rendering: ক্রিস্তোগী তম্বিবা
Transliteration: Christogi tambiba
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare তম্বিবা (never use unqualified; loses the fixed, closed, apostolic-deposit sense)
Original: ἡ διδαχὴ τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Must be distinguished from a Vaishnava guru’s spiritual instruction within the guru-parampara (teacher-lineage) tradition and from a মৈবা’s traditional ritual instruction; names a fixed, apostolic, once-given body of doctrine, not an evolving lineage of living spiritual guidance. Occurs 2 John 1:9, 1:10. Must always appear as the full compound, never bare তম্বিবা.
Abide Remain
Approved rendering: লৈথিবা
Transliteration: leithiba
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: μένω
Category: Sanctification
NEW — CONFIRMATION NEEDED. Doctrinally load-bearing verb, repeated three times in 2 John 1:9 alone, plus 1:2. Must convey settled, continuous relationship with Christ’s teaching, not a temporary or conditional stay, and must not be confused with a household deity or ancestral spirit ‘remaining’ resident in a home shrine, a live category in Sanamahi household religion. Recommend confirming against a printed Manipuri Bible’s ‘abide in me’ passages before finalization.
Goes Ahead Transgresses
Approved rendering: হেন্না চৎপা
Transliteration: henna chatpa
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: ὁ προάγων
Category: Sin
NEW. Must be framed as doctrinal overreach specifically (claiming advanced spiritual insight while abandoning core teaching about Christ’s incarnation), not general moral failure or disobedience. Occurs 2 John 1:9. Must not collapse into generic ‘moving forward/progress,’ which in a discipleship context could sound like a virtue rather than the doctrinal error it names.
Receive Into House
Approved rendering: য়ুমদা লৌবা
Transliteration: yumda louba
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: λαμβάνειν εἰς οἰκίαν
Category: Church
NEW. Formal hospitality/lodging which, in the ancient church context, functioned as public endorsement of a traveling teacher’s ministry; withheld in 2 John 1:10 from deniers of the incarnation. Meitei culture places strong customary weight on guest-honor norms; must be carefully framed as refusing a specific act of formal doctrinal endorsement (hosting/sponsoring a traveling teacher’s ministry), never as license for general inhospitality, which would contradict broader biblical and cultural hospitality values.
Rejoice Joy
Approved rendering: নুংঙাইবা
Transliteration: nungngaiba
Doctrine: Joy in Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: হরাওবা (ordinary Manipuri word for festive rejoicing, also the root of Lai Haraoba, the major Sanamahi forest-deity festival; NEVER use in this book)
Original: χαίρω / χαρά
Category: Faith
NEW SENSE OF EXISTING ROOT. Deliberately reuses the Romans baseline’s নুংঙাইবগী পাউ (‘gospel,’ lit. ‘joyful news’) root. Occurs twice, bracketing the letter (2 John 1:4, 1:12); must be rendered identically at both occurrences. NEVER render as হরাওবা, which would risk directly evoking the Lai Haraoba festival name in a doctrinally loaded pastoral-joy context. This is the letter’s single highest recognition-collision risk after Incarnation and Antichrist.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: ইনগবা
Transliteration: ingba
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Named in the 2 John 1:3 greeting alongside grace and mercy. Distinguish from devotional bhakti calm or the ritual harmony traditionally maintained with the Umang Lai through Lai Haraoba observance.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: লোইনবা
Transliteration: loinaba
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Inherited from Romans package (root unchanged), risk elevated from the baseline’s Low to Medium for this curriculum: 2 John 1:11 extends the same root to an explicitly NEGATIVE sense (‘shares/participates in his evil works’). Learners must be taught explicitly that ordinary fellowship-language cuts both ways depending on with whom one shares; the word itself is not inherently negative.
Mercy
Approved rendering: নিংবারী
Transliteration: ningbari
Doctrine: Trinitarian Source of Grace, Mercy, and Peace
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW — CONFIRMATION NEEDED. No direct Romans-baseline precedent exists for ‘mercy’ as distinct from ‘grace.’ Proposed to emphasize compassion toward suffering/misery, distinct from grace’s unmerited-favor-toward-the-guilty sense; the two must not be taught as synonyms. Named alongside grace and peace in 2 John 1:3. No settled Manipuri Bible precedent found; confirm with a Manipuri-speaking theologian before deployment.
Walking Conduct
Approved rendering: চৎপা
Transliteration: chatpa
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Natural Manipuri verb for ‘to walk/go,’ extended metaphorically for ongoing conduct/lifestyle (2 John 1:4, 1:6, repeated twice in v.6 for rhetorical emphasis). Must be distinguished from the ritual processional ‘walking’ undertaken during Lai Haraoba observances at Umang Lai sacred groves; this is ethical/relational conduct, not ritual movement.
World
Approved rendering: তৈবাং লৈবাক
Transliteration: taibang leibak
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: κόσμος
Category: Cosmology
NEW. Names the present social-religious sphere into which deceivers have ‘gone out’ (2 John 1:7), i.e. public discourse the church must discern, not cosmogony. Must be distinguished from the cosmological ‘world’ of Sanamahi creation narratives (the Sanamahi/Pakhangba account of the universe’s origin).
Watch Yourselves
Approved rendering: চেক্সিন্নবা
Transliteration: cheksinnaba
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: βλέπετε ἑαυτούς
Category: Sanctification
NEW. A call to active doctrinal vigilance against the deceivers named in 2 John 1:7 (occurs 1:8). Must be framed as doctrinal watchfulness (guarding against false teaching about the incarnation), not superstitious protective vigilance against spiritual harm of the kind associated with Umang Lai propitiation practices.
Lose Forfeit
Approved rendering: মাংহনবা
Transliteration: manghanba
Doctrine: Reward for Faithful Perseverance
Original: ἀπόλλυμι
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Forfeiting the fruit of faithful ministry/discipleship through doctrinal compromise (2 John 1:8), not annihilation of personal existence. Must be read as loss of reward/fruit, not as a threat to eternal security itself; avoid implying salvation itself is at stake.
Work Labor
Approved rendering: থবক
Transliteration: thabak
Doctrine: Reward for Faithful Perseverance
Rejected alternatives: সেবা (bhakti devotional service performed to build divine favor with Krishna, never use for either sense)
Original: ἐργάζομαι / ἔργον
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Ministry labor invested in the readers’ spiritual formation (2 John 1:8, neutral sense) and, in a morally freighted sense, the deceiver’s ‘evil works’ (1:11, paired with ফত্তবা). Must be distinguished from bhakti সেবা; this is ministry labor whose fruit can be lost through doctrinal compromise, not merit accumulated toward salvation. Context must clearly mark which sense (neutral v.8 vs. freighted v.11) is active.
Full Reward
Approved rendering: থবকী মানুং
Transliteration: thabakki manung
Doctrine: Reward for Faithful Perseverance
Original: μισθὸς πλήρης
Category: Eschatology
NEW — CONFIRMATION NEEDED. The full measure of eschatological reward due for perseverance in truth (2 John 1:8), distinct from the free gift of salvation. No settled attested Manipuri Bible term found for this specific sense; confirm against a current printed Manipuri Bible before finalization. Must not be blurred with the fixed unmerited-grace vocabulary (মথৌ তাদনা পীবা তেংবাং).
Greeting Formula
Approved rendering: খুরুমজরি
Transliteration: khurumjari
Doctrine: Hospitality Greeting Customs as Doctrinal Signal
Original: χαίρειν
Category: Church
NEW. The standard epistolary greeting formula, withheld in 2 John 1:10-11 as a symbolic refusal to bless or endorse a false teacher’s mission, but extended warmly in the closing greeting of 1:13 (same custom root, opposite doctrinal direction). খুরুমজরি is a socially mandatory Meitei politeness form; withholding it is a serious, doctrinally-loaded act in Meitei social context and must be explicitly taught as a doctrinal, not merely social, refusal.
Elder
Approved rendering: কলিসিয়াগী অহল
Transliteration: kalisiyagi ahal
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare অহল (never use unqualified; collapses into clan/village-elder or Umang Lai ritual-elder categories)
Original: ὁ πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW. The author’s self-designation (2 John 1:1), a title of recognized pastoral/apostolic authority. Must be distinguished from a general village or clan (yumnak) elder, a significant traditional Meitei social-authority role, and from a traditional ritual elder overseeing Umang Lai worship or Lai Haraoba proceedings.
Lady Addressee
Approved rendering: ইকায়খুম্লবা নুপী
Transliteration: ikayakhumlaba nupi
Doctrine: Election of Believers
Rejected alternatives: লেইমা (‘lady/queen,’ the ordinary Manipuri honorific for a woman of rank; AVOID — also embedded in the name of Leimarel Sidabi, a major Sanamahi goddess figure)
Original: κυρία
Category: Church
NEW. Honorific address to a respected woman, or personification of a local congregation (2 John 1:1, 1:5). AVOID লেইমা entirely in this context to prevent an unintended goddess association in a greeting addressed to a Christian recipient.
Know The Truth
Approved rendering: খংবা
Transliteration: khangba
Doctrine: Corporate Permanence of Truth in the Community
Original: γινώσκω
Category: Faith
NEW. Settled, possessed knowledge (perfect tense) of doctrinal truth about Christ, defining the community of true believers (2 John 1:1). Standard vocabulary; the perfect-tense nuance (settled, possessed knowledge, not ongoing uncertainty) should be preserved in phrasing.
Forever Age
Approved rendering: মতম পুম্নমক্তা
Transliteration: matam pumnamakta
Doctrine: Corporate Permanence of Truth in the Community
Original: εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
Category: Eschatology
NEW — CONFIRMATION NEEDED. The permanent, unending residence of truth in the believing community (2 John 1:2), grounding the letter’s confident tone. Proposed provisionally; should be checked against an existing printed Manipuri Bible rendering of αἰών elsewhere (e.g. ‘eternal life’ passages) before finalization.
Children
Approved rendering: মচা
Transliteration: macha
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: τέκνα
Category: Church
NEW SENSE (contextual). Literal children or, metaphorically, spiritual children/congregation members under the elder’s pastoral care (2 John 1:1, 1:4, 1:13). Context-sensitive; must be read alongside the Romans baseline’s adoption doctrine (মচা ওইনা লৌবা) without over-theologizing every occurrence as formal adoption language.
Low Risk Terms
Evil Works
Approved rendering: থবক ফত্তবা
Transliteration: thabak phattaba
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: τὰ ἔργα τὰ πονηρά
Category: Sin
NEW. Deeds characterized by moral wickedness, specifically the deceiver’s doctrinal deception and its effects (2 John 1:11). ফত্তবা (‘bad/evil’) is standard vocabulary; principal risk is ensuring থবক (works/deeds) here is read as morally freighted, distinct from its neutral use in v.8.
From The Beginning
Approved rendering: অহৌবদগী
Transliteration: ahoubadagi
Doctrine: The Apostolic Commandment to Love
Original: ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς
Category: Covenant
NEW. The start of the apostolic movement or of the readers’ instruction in the faith (2 John 1:5, 1:6). Straightforward temporal phrase; translators should avoid phrasing that evokes Sanamahi/Vaishnava creation-cosmology ‘beginning of the world’ narratives — this is about apostolic teaching’s origin, not cosmogony.
Sister
Approved rendering: ইচেল
Transliteration: ichel
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: ἀδελφή
Category: Church
NEW. Either a literal relative of the elect lady, or a fellow believer described in familial terms (2 John 1:13). Standard kinship term; context-sensitive between literal and spiritual-familial sense.
Face To Face
Approved rendering: মমাংদা মমাংদা
Transliteration: mamangda mamangda
Doctrine: Joy in Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: literal ‘mouth to mouth’ (unnatural and mildly comic in Manipuri; do not use)
Original: στόμα πρὸς στόμα
Category: Culture
NEW. Greek idiom (στόμα πρὸς στόμα) for direct, in-person, unmediated conversation, preferred by the elder over written correspondence (2 John 1:12). Render the natural Manipuri equivalent, not the literal ‘mouth to mouth.‘
Paper And Ink
Approved rendering: চাদর অমসুং মে
Transliteration: chadar amasung me
Doctrine: (Cultural detail only)
Original: χάρτης καὶ μέλαν
Category: Culture
NEW. Literal ancient writing materials (2 John 1:12), a practical detail with no doctrinal content. A brief cultural note may help readers unfamiliar with ancient letter-writing conventions.
Referenced passages