Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary
English → Bengali | 1 Thessalonians 1–5 | Consolidated Term Glossary
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, across all five chapters of 1 Thessalonians. Terms already established in the baseline Romans Language Package are marked [Baseline reuse] and MUST use the exact recorded Bengali rendering. Terms new to this curriculum are marked [New term] and are proposed here for addition to translation memory, following the identical risk framework.
Risk tiers: Critical = human theologian review required, every occurrence. High = human theologian review required. Medium = native speaker review recommended. Low = automated review sufficient.
A. Baseline Terms Reused from Romans (Exact Rendering Enforced)
| Term (English) | Greek | Bengali | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | ঈশ্বর | Critical | — | 1,2,3,4,5 | Never ভগবান/আল্লাহ |
| Lord | κύριος | প্রভু | Critical | Return of Christ | 1,2,3,4,5 | Exclusive Lordship; core to 4:16-17 |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | যীশু | Critical | — | 1,2,3,4,5 | Never ঈসা |
| Christ / Messiah | Χριστός | খ্রীষ্ট | Critical | — | 1,2,3,4,5 | — |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | ঈশ্বরের পুত্র | Critical | Return of Christ | 1 | 1:10, “wait for his Son from heaven” |
| Father | πατήρ | পিতা | Critical | — | 1,3 | — |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | পবিত্র আত্মা | Critical | Sanctification | 1,4,5 | Never ব্রহ্ম/পরমাত্মা |
| Resurrection (root) | ἀνάστασις / ἀνίστημι / ἐγείρω | পুনরুত্থান | Critical | Resurrection of Believers | 1,4 | Never পুনর্জন্ম; verb forms must match noun root |
| Salvation | σωτηρία | পরিত্রাণ | Critical | Hope in Grief, Day of the Lord | 5 | Never মুক্তি/মোক্ষ/নাজাত |
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | সুসমাচার | High | — | 1 | — |
| Grace | χάρις | অনুগ্রহ | High | — | 1 | — |
| Faith | πίστις | বিশ্বাস | High | Hope in Grief | 1,3,4,5 | Object-specific: faith in Christ’s death/resurrection |
| Called | καλέω / κλητός | আহুত | High | Sanctification | 4 | God’s effectual call is “in sanctification” |
| Holy | ἅγιος | পবিত্র | High | Sanctification | 2,4 | — |
| Saints | ἅγιοι | পবিত্র লোক | High | Sanctification, Return of Christ | 3 | 3:13, accompanying Christ’s return; never সাধু/সাধুগণ |
| Sanctification | ἁγιασμός | পবিত্রীকরণ | High | Sanctification | 4,5 | Named explicitly as “the will of God” (4:3) |
| Election | ἐκλογή | ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন | High | — | 1 | — |
| Glory | δόξα | মহিমা | High | — | 2 | Never তেজ/জ্যোতি |
| Power of God | δύναμις (θεοῦ) | ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য | High | — | 1 | Never শক্তি |
| Church | ἐκκλησία | মণ্ডলী | Medium | — | 1,2 | — |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | শান্তি | Medium | — | 1,5 | 5:23, “the God of peace” |
| Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য | Medium | — | 2 | — |
| Gentiles | ἔθνη | পরজাতি | Medium | Sanctification | 4 | Contrast with believers’ sexual conduct |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος | প্রেরিত | Medium | — | 2 | — |
| Prophecy | προφητεία | ভাববাণী | Low | — | 5 | — |
| Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία | ধন্যবাদ | Low | — | 1 | — |
| Exhort/Comfort | παρακαλέω | উৎসাহিত করা / সান্ত্বনা দেওয়া | Low | Hope in Grief | 4,5 | 4:18 leans toward “comfort” sense |
| Mutual Edification | (build up) | পরস্পর উন্নতিসাধন | Low | — | 5 | — |
B. New Terms Introduced by 1 Thessalonians (Proposed for Translation Memory Addition)
| Term (English gloss) | Greek | Transliteration | Bengali | Beng. Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Primary Passages | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coming/Return (of Christ) | παρουσία | parousia | আগমন | agomon | Critical | Return of Christ | 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23 | অবতরণ, অবতার-জাতীয় প্রত্যাবর্তন | Hellenistic royal-arrival term; must convey a single, bodily, visible, once-for-all return, never a repeatable avatar-style descent |
| Descend (of Christ) | καταβαίνω | katabainō | নেমে আসা | neme asha | Critical | Return of Christ | 4:16 | অবতরণ করা (avatar-adjacent) | Christ’s own personal, bodily descent from heaven |
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα κυρίου | hēmera kyriou | প্রভুর দিন | provur din | Critical | The Day of the Lord | 5:2 | কিয়ামতের দিন (Islamic Judgment-Day framework), কল্প/যুগান্ত (Hindu cyclical-age framework) | Distinct, personal, Christ-centered day of return and judgment |
| Sleep (euphemism for death) | κοιμάω | koimaō | নিদ্রিত হওয়া | nidrito howa | High | Resurrection of Believers, Hope in Grief | 4:13,14,15; 5:10 | মারা যাওয়া (plain “die,” loses resurrection-hope nuance) | Temporary state ended by bodily resurrection; not annihilation, not rebirth |
| Caught up (“rapture”) | ἁρπάζω | harpazō | তুলে নেওয়া হবে | tule neowa hobe | High | Return of Christ, Resurrection of Believers | 4:17 | রহস্যময়ভাবে অন্তর্হিত হওয়া, অন্তর্ধান | Sudden, bodily, sovereignly-effected action of God, not an occult vanishing |
| Hope | ἐλπίς | elpis | আশা | asha | High | Hope in Grief | 1:3; 4:13 | — | Must be qualified as certain, promise-grounded hope, not mere optimism; contrasted with pagan hopelessness re: death |
| Holiness (state) | ἁγιωσύνη | hagiōsynē | পবিত্রতা | pobitrota | High | Sanctification | 3:13 | — | Distinct from পবিত্র (holy, adj.) and পবিত্রীকরণ (baseline: sanctification process) |
| Sanctify (verb) | ἁγιάζω | hagiazō | পবিত্র করা | pobitro kora | High | Sanctification | 5:23 | — | Verb form; must align with পবিত্রীকরণ noun usage |
| Soul (vs. spirit) | ψυχή | psychē | প্রাণ | pran | High | Sanctification | 5:23 | আত্মা (reserved for Spirit/human spirit — ambiguity risk), জীবাত্মা (Hindu reincarnating-soul concept) | Tripartite anthropology term; must not be confused with reincarnating ātman |
| Wrath (of God) | ὀργή | orgē | ক্রোধ | krodh | High | The Day of the Lord | 1:10; 2:16; 5:9 | রাগ (too mundane), কোপ (archaic) | God’s righteous, judicial anger, not capricious deity-rage |
| Idol | εἴδωλον | eidōlon | প্রতিমা | pratima | High | (Conversion background to Sanctification) | 1:9 | মূর্তি (strong Hindu sacred-image connotation), ঠাকুর (colloquial deity term) | Turning from idols to “the living and true God” |
| Love | ἀγάπη | agapē | প্রেম | prem | Medium | Hope in Grief (triad w/ faith & hope); Sanctification | 1:3; 3:6,12; 4:9; 5:8,13 | ভালোবাসা (casual/romantic register), কাম (lust — rejected) | Selfless, God-oriented love |
| Word of God/the Lord | λόγος (θεοῦ/κυρίου) | logos (theou/kyriou) | বচন | bochon | Medium | Return of Christ (basis of teaching authority) | 2:13; 4:15 | বাক্য (too generic for authoritative divine speech) | Authoritative revealed message |
| Will (of God) | θέλημα | thelēma | ইচ্ছা | iccha | Medium | Sanctification | 4:3 | ভাগ্য, নিয়তি (impersonal fate — rejected) | God’s personal, purposive intention |
| Sexual immorality | πορνεία | porneia | ব্যভিচার | bebhichar | Medium | Sanctification | 4:3 | — | — |
| Impurity | ἀκαθαρσία | akatharsia | অপবিত্রতা | opobitrota | Medium | Sanctification | 4:7 | অশুচিতা (Hindu ritual-purity/shuddhi connotation — rejected) | Moral antonym of পবিত্র |
| Meeting (ceremonial) | ἀπάντησις | apantēsis | সাক্ষাৎ | shakkhat | Medium | Return of Christ | 4:17 | — | Royal-welcome/escort background; translator note recommended |
| Shout of command | κέλευσμα | keleusma | আদেশধ্বনি | adeshdhoni | Medium | Return of Christ | 4:16 | — | Authoritative, military/royal force |
| Grief/sorrow | λύπη | lypē | শোক | shok | Medium | Hope in Grief | 4:13 | — | Contrast is with hopeless grief, not grief itself |
| Times and seasons | χρόνος / καιρός | chronos / kairos | কাল / সময় | kal / somoy | Medium | The Day of the Lord | 5:1 | — | χρόνος = duration; καιρός = appointed moment; distinction easily lost |
| Sons of light | υἱοὶ φωτός | huioi phōtos | আলোর সন্তান | alor sontan | Medium | The Day of the Lord | 5:5 | জ্যোতির সন্তান (জ্যোতি already flagged for divine-radiance/deity-aura association) | — |
| Holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | philēma hagion | পবিত্র অভিবাদন | pobitro obhibadon | Medium | Christian Fellowship (adjacent) | 5:26 | — | Cultural adaptation recommended for cross-gender greeting norms |
| Destruction | ὄλεθρος | olethros | বিনাশ | binash | Medium | The Day of the Lord | 5:3 | — | — |
| Tempter | ὁ πειράζων | ho peirazōn | প্রলোভক (শয়তান) | prolobhok (shoytan) | Medium | (Faith under testing) | 3:5 | — | Personal adversary Satan, not abstract force |
| Vessel (body) | σκεῦος | skeuos | পাত্র | patro | Medium | Sanctification | 4:4 | — | Interpretive ambiguity: own body vs. wife |
| Lust/desire | ἐπιθυμία | epithymia | কামনা | kamona | Medium | Sanctification | 4:5 | — | — |
| Rescue/deliver | ῥύομαι | rhyomai | উদ্ধার করা / রক্ষা করা | uddhar kora / rokkha kora | Medium | The Day of the Lord | 1:10 | — | Not a merit-based or intercessory-figure deliverance |
| Affliction/tribulation | θλῖψις | thlipsis | ক্লেশ | klesh | Medium | Hope in Grief | 1:6; 3:3,7 | — | — |
| Archangel | ἀρχάγγελος | archangelos | প্রধান স্বর্গদূত | prodhan sworgodut | Low | Return of Christ | 4:16 | — | Distinguish from generic দূত |
| Trumpet (of God) | σάλπιγξ | salpigx | তূরী | turi | Low | Return of Christ | 4:16 | — | — |
| Cloud(s) | νεφέλη | nephelē | মেঘ | megh | Low | Return of Christ | 4:17 | — | Optional theophany background note |
| Thief (simile) | κλέπτης | kleptēs | চোর | chor | Low | The Day of the Lord | 5:2 | — | — |
| Darkness | σκότος | skotos | অন্ধকার | ondhokar | Low | The Day of the Lord | 5:4-5 | — | — |
| Birth pains | ὠδίν | ōdin | প্রসববেদনা | prosobbedona | Low | The Day of the Lord | 5:3 | — | — |
| Watch/be alert | γρηγορέω | grēgoreō | জাগ্রত থাকা | jagroto thaka | Low | The Day of the Lord | 5:6 | — | — |
| Be sober | νήφω | nēphō | সংযত থাকা | songjoto thaka | Low | The Day of the Lord | 5:6,8 | — | — |
| Brotherly love | φιλαδελφία | philadelphia | ভ্রাতৃপ্রেম | bhratriprem | Low | Sanctification | 4:9 | — | — |
| Crown of rejoicing | στέφανος καυχήσεως | stephanos kauchēseōs | আনন্দের মুকুট | anonder mukut | Low | Return of Christ | 2:19 | — | — |
| Minister/servant | διάκονος | diakonos | সেবক | sebok | Low | (Ministry, general) | 3:2 | — | — |
| Wholly/entire | ὁλοτελής / ὁλόκληρος | holotelēs / holoklēros | সম্পূর্ণভাবে / সম্পূর্ণ | sompurnobhabe / sompurno | Low | Sanctification | 5:23 | — | — |
| Test/examine | δοκιμάζω | dokimazō | পরীক্ষা করা | porikkha kora | Low | (Discernment, general) | 5:21 | — | — |
| Joy | χαρά | chara | আনন্দ | anondo | Low | Hope in Grief (background) | 1:6 | — | — |
| Brothers/brethren (address) | ἀδελφοί | adelphoi | ভাইয়েরা | bhaiyera | Medium | — | Throughout (19+ occurrences) | — | Inclusive-language rendering decision required for consistency across the whole letter |
C. Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (Curriculum Doctrines)
| Doctrine | Key Bengali Terms | Risk Tier(s) |
|---|---|---|
| The Return of Christ | আগমন, নেমে আসা, তুলে নেওয়া হবে, সাক্ষাৎ, আদেশধ্বনি, প্রধান স্বর্গদূত, ঈশ্বরের তূরী, প্রভু | Critical/High |
| Resurrection of Believers | পুনরুত্থান, নিদ্রিত হওয়া, তুলে নেওয়া হবে, খ্রীষ্টে মৃত ব্যক্তিরা | Critical/High |
| Sanctification | পবিত্রীকরণ, পবিত্রতা, পবিত্র করা, ব্যভিচার, অপবিত্রতা, ইচ্ছা (ঈশ্বরের), প্রাণ/আত্মা/দেহ | Critical/High |
| Hope in Grief | আশা, শোক, নিদ্রিত হওয়া, প্রেম, বিশ্বাস | High |
| The Day of the Lord | প্রভুর দিন, ক্রোধ, চোর (উপমা), বিনাশ, প্রসববেদনা, আলোর সন্তান, অন্ধকার | Critical/High |
This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All Section A terms are enforced exactly as recorded in those files. Section B terms are proposed additions pending Phase 1 Step 8 (Core Glossary) sign-off and subsequent loading into translation memory before any Phase 2 segment translation of 1 Thessalonians begins.
Critical Risk Terms
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভুর দিন
Transliteration: provur din
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: কিয়ামতের দিন, ইয়াওমুল কিয়ামত, মহাপ্রলয়, যুগান্ত, কল্প
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:2. A compound built from the already-fenced প্রভু, structurally blocking both the Islamic কিয়ামত weighed-deeds framework and the Hindu cyclical yuga/kalpa framework from attaching to it. Requires a translator note distinguishing it from both on first occurrence.
Descend Of Christ
Approved rendering: নেমে আসা
Transliteration: neme asha
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: অবতরণ করা
Original: καταβαίνω
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. Christ’s own personal, bodily descent from heaven at his return (4:16). Never অবতরণ করা in the avatar-adjacent sense; this is the unique, bodily return of the risen and ascended Christ, not a new incarnation or repeatable epiphany.
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকর্তা
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father. 1 Thessalonians 1:1, 1:3, 3:11, 3:13. Never substitute Hindu creator-deity names such as ব্রহ্মা.
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Thessalonians 1:9: contrasted with idols as ‘the living and true God’ (জীবন্ত ও সত্য ঈশ্বর). Never ভগবান/আল্লাহ.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্র আত্মা
Transliteration: Pobitro Attha
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্ম, পরমাত্মা
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: Never ব্রহ্ম or পরমাত্মা. 1 Thessalonians 1:5-6; 4:8; 5:19. The Spirit given (4:8) is personal and can be actively ‘quenched’ (5:19), a personal-agency claim incompatible with any impersonal life-force framework.
Jesus
Approved rendering: যীশু
Transliteration: Jishu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঈসা
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: Use the established Bengali Christian form যীশু. Never ঈসা, the Qur’anic/Muslim-idiom name carrying a distinct, non-divine, non-crucified Christology.
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Must convey exclusive, supreme Lordship, not one honorific among several. 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17: ‘the Lord himself’ descends and commands; also 5:9, 5:23.
Messiah
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout as part of the full title ‘Lord Jesus Christ’ (প্রভু যীশু খ্রীষ্ট). Reserve মশীহ, with an explanatory note, only for outreach materials addressed specifically to Muslim-background readers.
Parousia
Approved rendering: আগমন
Transliteration: agomon
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: অবতরণ, অবতার-জাতীয় প্রত্যাবর্তন, উপস্থিতি
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. Hellenistic royal-arrival term for Christ’s personal, visible, bodily, official return. Must never carry অবতার-family vocabulary (a Hindu deity’s repeatable, temporary descent). Also never উপস্থিতি (‘mere presence’), the Jehovah’s Witness New World Translation’s doctrinally engineered substitution that denies a visible bodily return. Primary passages: 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23. Builds on existing Bengali church-calendar usage (আগমনকাল, Advent).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: পুনরুত্থান
Transliteration: punorutthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম, পুনর্জীবন
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἀνίστημι / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER use পুনর্জন্ম (reincarnation) or পুনর্জীবন (mere resuscitation). Governs both Christ’s own resurrection (1:10; 4:14) and believers’ future resurrection (4:16); verb forms must align with this noun root exactly so readers see one event-category, not two loosely related ideas.
Salvation
Approved rendering: পরিত্রাণ
Transliteration: poritran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER মুক্তি/মোক্ষ/নাজাত. 1 Thessalonians 5:9: ‘God has not destined us for wrath, but to obtain salvation’ — a certain, secured deliverance through Christ’s substitutionary death, not karmic uncertainty or Islamic weighed-deeds uncertainty.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পুত্র
Transliteration: Ishshorer Putro
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: দেবপুত্র, ঈশ্বরের অংশ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ / υἱὸν αὐτοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Full phrase required. 1 Thessalonians 1:10: ‘to wait for his Son from heaven’ — stated in a single compact clause with none of Romans’ surrounding argumentative scaffolding, so a translator note clarifying relational/eternal (not biological) sonship is mandatory here.
High Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: আহুত
Transliteration: ahuto
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: আমন্ত্রিত, নিমন্ত্রিত
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive across 1 Thessalonians 2:12 (called into kingdom and glory), 4:7 (called in sanctification, not impurity), and 5:24 (he who calls you is faithful). আমন্ত্রিত/নিমন্ত্রিত imply a mere invitation that can be declined, understating the effectual force of God’s call.
Caught Up
Approved rendering: তুলে নেওয়া হবে
Transliteration: tule neowa hobe
Doctrine: The Return of Christ; Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: রহস্যময়ভাবে অন্তর্হিত হওয়া, অন্তর্ধান
Original: ἁρπάζω
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 4:17 (ἁρπάζω). A compositional verb phrase, not a coined noun; must convey sudden, bodily, sovereignly-effected, glorious divine action, never an occult or folk-tale-sorcery-style vanishing.
Election
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন
Transliteration: Ishshorer monownoyon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি, কর্মফল
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. God’s sovereign, personal choice; not karma-determined fate. 1 Thessalonians 1:4: ‘knowing, brothers loved by God, your election.‘
Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাস
Transliteration: bishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ঈমান, শ্রদ্ধা
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ specifically. ঈমান is the Islamic term for creedal submission to the oneness of God (tawhid) and is never used for trust in Christ’s atoning work. শ্রদ্ধা carries Hindu devotional-reverence connotations. In 1 Thessalonians the object of বিশ্বাস in 4:14 is specifically ‘that Jesus died and rose.‘
Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never তেজ/জ্যোতি (Hindu divine-light/deity-aura associations). 1 Thessalonians 2:12, 2:20.
Gospel
Approved rendering: সুসমাচার
Transliteration: susomachar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: খুশ খবর, ইঞ্জিল
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established Bengali Christian term (“good news”). ইঞ্জিল is the Qur’anic/Muslim-idiom term for a presumed lost scripture given to Isa; it does not denote the apostolic proclamation of Christ crucified and risen, so it is rejected for this curriculum’s mainstream Christian register.
Grace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Unmerited favor from God, apart from human merit. পুণ্য (accumulated religious merit) directly contradicts this. কৃপা may be used for general compassion/mercy in non-soteriological contexts only.
Holiness State
Approved rendering: পবিত্রতা
Transliteration: pobitrota
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιωσύνη
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 3:13: ‘unblameable in holiness’ at Christ’s coming. Distinct from পবিত্র (holy, adjective) and পবিত্রীকরণ (sanctification as ongoing process); names the resulting holy character/state, directly tying Sanctification to the Return of Christ.
Holy
Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Original: ἅγιος / ἁγίως
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Set apart for God and morally pure. শুচি carries ritual-purity connotations closer to Hindu shuddhi. Used of apostolic conduct (2:10) and throughout the sanctification vocabulary family in this letter.
Hope
Approved rendering: আশা
Transliteration: asha
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Hope
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 1:3; 4:13. Ordinary Bengali আশা can mean mere wish/optimism; must be anchored by context/notes as certain, promise-grounded hope rooted in Christ’s own resurrection (4:14), distinct from Hindu rebirth-hope and from Islamic qadar-resignation. Explicitly contrasted with the hopelessness of unbelievers in 4:13.
Idol
Approved rendering: প্রতিমা
Transliteration: pratima
Doctrine: Turning from Idols to the Living God
Rejected alternatives: মূর্তি, ঠাকুর
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 1:9. Never মূর্তি (strong Hindu devotional/sacred-embodiment connotation as a deity’s living image) or ঠাকুর (colloquial deity term). A translator note distinguishing biblical idol-critique from casual disparagement of Hindu devotional practice is recommended given the Hindu-majority readership in West Bengal.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer shamorthyo
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER শক্তি, given Bengal’s historic Shakta Hindu goddess-power associations. 1 Thessalonians 1:5: God’s power accompanying the gospel’s reception among the Thessalonians.
Saints
Approved rendering: পবিত্র লোক
Transliteration: pobitro lok
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: সাধু, সাধুগণ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never সাধু/সাধুগণ, which evoke a Hindu or Jain wandering ascetic. 1 Thessalonians 3:13: ‘with all his saints’ at Christ’s coming — a corporate designation for all believers, not an ascetic elite.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: পবিত্রীকরণ
Transliteration: pobitrikoron
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুদ্ধিকরণ
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy; distinct from Hindu ritual purification (shuddhi) or Islamic ritual cleanliness (taharah). Explicitly named ‘the will of God’ in 1 Thessalonians 4:3-4.
Sanctify Verb
Approved rendering: পবিত্র করা
Transliteration: pobitro kora
Doctrine: Sanctification of the Whole Person
Original: ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:23: prayer that God himself would sanctify believers wholly. Verb form must align consistently with the established noun পবিত্রীকরণ; do not introduce an unrelated verb root.
Sleep Death Euphemism
Approved rendering: নিদ্রিত হওয়া
Transliteration: nidrito howa
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: মারা যাওয়া
Original: κοιμάω
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. Euphemism for the physical death of believers (4:13,14,15; 5:10), always implying a temporary state ended by bodily resurrection. Never flattened to plain মারা যাওয়া, which loses the resurrection-hope nuance, and never read through a পুনর্জন্ম (reincarnation) lens.
Soul
Approved rendering: প্রাণ
Transliteration: pran
Doctrine: Sanctification of the Whole Person
Rejected alternatives: আত্মা, জীবাত্মা
Original: ψυχή
Category: Anthropology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:23’s tripartite ‘spirit, soul, and body’ (আত্মা, প্রাণ, দেহ). Never আত্মা (reserved for spirit/Holy Spirit, to avoid ambiguity) and never জীবাত্মা, the Hindu term for an individual soul bound to the cycle of reincarnation.
Wrath
Approved rendering: ক্রোধ
Transliteration: krodh
Doctrine: Wrath of God
Rejected alternatives: রাগ, কোপ
Original: ὀργή
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 1:10; 2:16; 5:9. Must portray God’s righteous, judicial anger grounded in his holy, relational character, never capricious deity-rage (a risk given some folk-Hindu deity-fury narratives) nor an impersonal judgment framework.
Medium Risk Terms
Affliction
Approved rendering: ক্লেশ
Transliteration: klesh
Doctrine: Hope in Grief; Faith Under Trial
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Hope
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 1:6; 3:3,7 (θλῖψις). Tribulation, distress, or persecution endured by the Thessalonian believers; keep consistent across all occurrences.
Apostle
Approved rendering: প্রেরিত
Transliteration: prerito
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: দূত, বার্তাবাহক
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Established Bengali Christian term: an authorized, sent-out messenger with delegated apostolic authority, not a generic messenger or spiritual guru/pir figure. Grounds Paul’s authority in 1 Thessalonians 2:6-7.
Brothers Address
Approved rendering: ভাইয়েরা
Transliteration: bhaiyera
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Affection
Original: ἀδελφοί
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. Paul’s standing kinship address (ἀδελφοί) to the whole congregation, male and female, used 19+ times throughout the letter. An inclusive-language rendering decision must be applied consistently across the whole letter; uneven handling carries a moderate consistency risk.
Church
Approved rendering: মণ্ডলী
Transliteration: mondoli
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: মন্দির, গির্জা
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Thessalonians 1:1: ‘the church of the Thessalonians in God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.’ Never মন্দির (Hindu temple).
Destruction
Approved rendering: বিনাশ
Transliteration: binash
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ὄλεθρος
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:3 (ὄλεθρος). Sudden, total ruin falling on those unprepared for the Day of the Lord.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: পরজাতি
Transliteration: porojati
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: বিদেশী
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Thessalonians 4:5: contrast for believers’ sexual conduct against ‘the Gentiles who do not know God.‘
Grief
Approved rendering: শোক
Transliteration: shok
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: λύπη
Category: Hope
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 4:13. Grief itself is not forbidden; the contrast Paul draws is with hopeless grief, not grief per se — a point especially important given Bengali funeral culture’s customary expressive, prolonged mourning.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: পবিত্র অভিবাদন
Transliteration: pobitro obhibadon
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Affection
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:26 (φίλημα ἅγιον). Cultural adaptation recommended given Bengali cross-gender greeting norms; retains পবিত্র as the theological anchor while allowing the concrete gesture to be culturally supplied. Confirm with native speaker review whether a literal or adapted rendering best serves the target readership.
Impurity
Approved rendering: অপবিত্রতা
Transliteration: opobitrota
Doctrine: Sexual Purity
Rejected alternatives: অশুচিতা
Original: ἀκαθαρσία
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 4:7: direct antonym of sanctification in Paul’s argument. Never অশুচিতা (Hindu ritual-purity/shuddhi connotation); অপবিত্রতা is the natural moral antonym of পবিত্র.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer Rajyo
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বরের দেশ
Original: βασιλεία (τοῦ θεοῦ)
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. God’s sovereign reign, not a territorial or political kingdom. 1 Thessalonians 2:12: believers ‘called into God’s own kingdom and glory.‘
Love
Approved rendering: প্রেম
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Sanctification; Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: ভালোবাসা, কাম
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. Selfless, God-oriented ἀγάπη, part of the faith/love/hope triad (1:3; also 3:6,12; 4:9; 5:8,13). Avoid ভালোবাসা (casual/romantic register) and কাম (lust, rejected).
Lust Desire
Approved rendering: কামনা
Transliteration: kamona
Doctrine: Sexual Purity
Original: ἐπιθυμία (πάθους)
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 4:5 (ἐπιθυμία πάθους). Disordered, passionate desire, contrasted with holiness and honor; must retain negative moral coloring rather than reading as neutral desire.
Meeting
Approved rendering: সাক্ষাৎ
Transliteration: shakkhat
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: ἀπάντησις
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 4:17 (ἀπάντησις). A translator note is recommended supplying the Hellenistic civic background: a formal delegation going out to escort an arriving ruler back into the city, so ‘ever with the Lord’ is not read as a permanent departure but a royal-welcome return.
Peace
Approved rendering: শান্তি
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: সুখ, স্বস্তি
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relational peace with God, not merely psychological calm. 1 Thessalonians 5:23: ‘the God of peace’ (শান্তির ঈশ্বর) introduces the closing sanctification prayer.
Rescue Deliver
Approved rendering: উদ্ধার করা
Transliteration: uddhar kora
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Salvation
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 1:10 (ῥύομαι), anticipating 5:9. Jesus rescues believers from the coming wrath; must not be conflated with a merit-based or intercessory-figure/saint-mediated rescue model.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: ব্যভিচার
Transliteration: bebhichar
Doctrine: Sexual Purity
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 4:3. Established, dignified Bengali term already used in mainstream Bible translation for sexual sin broadly.
Shout Of Command
Approved rendering: আদেশধ্বনি
Transliteration: adeshdhoni
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: κέλευσμα
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 4:16 (κέλευσμα). A coined compound (আদেশ + ধ্বনি) conveying authoritative, royal-military force, not a casual call.
Sons Of Light
Approved rendering: আলোর সন্তান
Transliteration: alor sontan
Doctrine: Watchfulness and Sobriety
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতির সন্তান
Original: υἱοὶ φωτός
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:5. জ্যোতি already carries Hindu divine-radiance/deity-aura associations (see glory entry); আলো is the safer, ordinary-register term.
Tempter
Approved rendering: প্রলোভক
Transliteration: prolobhok
Doctrine: Faith Under Trial
Original: ὁ πειράζων
Category: Sin
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 3:5 (ὁ πειράζων). Must be clarified as the personal adversary Satan (প্রলোভক শয়তান), not an abstract, impersonal testing-force.
Times And Seasons
Approved rendering: কাল ও সময়
Transliteration: kal o somoy
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: χρόνος / καιρός
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:1 (χρόνος/καιρός). The distinction between ordinary duration (কাল) and the divinely-appointed decisive moment (সময়) is doctrinally significant and easily lost; flag for a translator note on first occurrence.
Vessel
Approved rendering: পাত্র (নিজের দেহ)
Transliteration: patro
Doctrine: Sexual Purity
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 4:4 (σκεῦος). Genuine Greek interpretive ambiguity between ‘one’s own body’ and ‘one’s wife’; this curriculum follows the ‘body’ reading, but the choice must be flagged in study notes rather than resolved silently.
Will Of God
Approved rendering: ইচ্ছা
Transliteration: iccha
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি
Original: θέλημα
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 4:3: sanctification named explicitly as ‘the will of God.’ Must convey God’s personal, purposive, relational intention, never impersonal fate.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: বচন
Transliteration: bochon
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and the Word of God
Rejected alternatives: বাক্য
Original: λόγος (θεοῦ/κυρίου)
Category: Covenant
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 2:13 (‘not as the word of men, but… the word of God’) and 4:15 (‘word of the Lord’). বচন conveys authoritative divine speech better than the more generic বাক্য.
Low Risk Terms
Archangel
Approved rendering: প্রধান স্বর্গদূত
Transliteration: prodhan sworgodut
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 4:16 (ἀρχάγγελος). Distinguish from the generic দূত (angel/messenger); part of the heavenly retinue accompanying the Lord’s return.
Be Sober
Approved rendering: সংযত থাকা
Transliteration: songjoto thaka
Doctrine: Watchfulness and Sobriety
Original: νήφω
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:6,8 (νήφω). Self-controlled, clear-headed spiritual sobriety, paired with watchfulness.
Birth Pains
Approved rendering: প্রসববেদনা
Transliteration: prosobbedona
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ὠδίν
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:3 (ὠδίν). Metaphor for the suddenness and inescapability of the Day’s arrival; culturally intelligible in Bengali without adaptation.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: ভ্রাতৃপ্রেম
Transliteration: bhratriprem
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Affection
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 4:9 (φιλαδελφία). Love within the Christian family, taught directly by God and needing only to increase.
Cloud
Approved rendering: মেঘ
Transliteration: megh
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: νεφέλη
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 4:17 (νεφέλη). Optional translator note on OT theophany background (Exodus, Daniel 7) recommended.
Crown Of Rejoicing
Approved rendering: আনন্দের মুকুট
Transliteration: anonder mukut
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: στέφανος καυχήσεως
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 2:19 (στέφανος καυχήσεως). A victor’s-wreath metaphor for Paul’s converts as his joyful commendation at Christ’s coming; ensure study notes tie it back to আগমন rather than treating it as an isolated decorative image.
Darkness
Approved rendering: অন্ধকার
Transliteration: ondhokar
Doctrine: Watchfulness and Sobriety
Original: σκότος
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:4-5 (σκότος). Moral/spiritual darkness, contrasted with ‘sons of light.‘
Exhort
Approved rendering: উৎসাহিত করা
Transliteration: utshahito kora
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive: 1 Thessalonians 4:18 leans toward ‘comfort’ (সান্ত্বনা দেওয়া) in bereavement; 5:11-14 lean toward ‘encourage’ (উৎসাহিত করা). Both senses are recorded together as ‘উৎসাহিত করা / সান্ত্বনা দেওয়া’ for this curriculum.
Joy
Approved rendering: আনন্দ
Transliteration: anondo
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: χαρά
Category: Hope
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 1:6 (χαρά). Gladness rooted in the Holy Spirit rather than circumstance, present even amid affliction.
Minister Servant
Approved rendering: সেবক
Transliteration: sebok
Doctrine: Church
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 3:2 (διάκονος), used of Timothy as God’s servant in the gospel.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ভাববাণী
Transliteration: bhabbani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: গণনা
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Thessalonians 5:20-21: ‘do not despise prophecies,’ but test them. Distinct from astrological prediction (গণনা) or a fortune-teller’s forecast (জ্যোতিষী).
Test Examine
Approved rendering: পরীক্ষা করা
Transliteration: porikkha kora
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Discernment of Prophecy
Original: δοκιμάζω
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:21 (δοκιμάζω). Discernment applied to prophetic claims within the congregation.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: dhonnobad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Standard term. 1 Thessalonians 1:2; 5:18. No significant doctrinal risk.
Thief Simile
Approved rendering: চোর
Transliteration: chor
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: κλέπτης
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:2 (κλέπτης). The simile of the Day’s sudden, unexpected arrival translates naturally into Bengali without adaptation.
Trumpet Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের তূরী
Transliteration: Ishshorer turi
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: শঙ্খ
Original: σάλπιγξ (θεοῦ)
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 4:16 (σάλπιγξ θεοῦ). Never শঙ্খ, the conch-shell horn blown in Hindu/Durga Puja temple worship; তূরী carries OT theophany (Sinai, Exodus 19) rather than Hindu-ritual associations.
Watch Be Alert
Approved rendering: জাগ্রত থাকা
Transliteration: jagroto thaka
Doctrine: Watchfulness and Sobriety
Original: γρηγορέω
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:6 (γρηγορέω). Spiritual vigilance flowing from Day-of-the-Lord expectation, not a mystical/ascetic watch-practice.
Wholly Entire
Approved rendering: সম্পূর্ণভাবে / সম্পূর্ণ
Transliteration: sompurnobhabe / sompurno
Doctrine: Sanctification of the Whole Person
Original: ὁλοτελής / ὁλόκληρος
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. 1 Thessalonians 5:23 (ὁλοτελής/ὁλόκληρος). Describes the total, comprehensive scope of the sanctification God will accomplish in believers.
Referenced passages