Core Glossary

Core Glossary: Daniel (English → Bengali)

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, across all twelve chapters of Daniel. Terms marked [BASELINE TM] already exist in the Romans translation_memory.json and MUST be reused exactly as recorded there — no re-derivation or alternative rendering is permitted. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions for this curriculum and must be entered into translation memory (with version increment) before Phase 2 processing of Daniel begins, per the pre-flight checklist in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.

Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions exactly:

Critical — mistranslation destroys essential doctrine; theologian review mandatory on every occurrence.
High — significant syncretism/confusion risk; theologian review mandatory.
Medium — reduces clarity but preserves core meaning; native speaker review recommended.
Low — minor imprecision risk; automated review sufficient.

A. Critical-Risk Terms

English Term	Original (Heb./Aram.)	Bengali Rendering	Status	Doctrine	Primary Passages	Grounded Risk Reason
Ancient of Days	עַתִּיק יומין (attiq yomin)	অতিপ্রাচীন	[NEW]	God’s Sovereignty; Son of Man/Messianic Kingship	Dan 7:9,13,22	Direct theophany of God; must not read as a Hindu ascetic sage or aged-creator-deity figure; foundational to the Father/Son throne-scene reading of Dan 7.
Son of Man (“one like a son of man”)	כְּבַר אֱנָש (kevar enash); Gk. Theodotion ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου	মনুষ্যপুত্র	[NEW — must match Gospel usage]	Son of Man/Messianic Kingship	Dan 7:13	Jesus’ primary self-designation; must be visibly distinct from ঈশ্বরের পুত্র; must not be read as merely human via Muslim-idiom or Hindu-avatar frameworks.
dominion, glory, and a kingdom (triad)	שׇׁלְטָן וִיקָר וּמַלְכוּ	কর্তৃত্ব, মহিমা ও রাজ্য	মহিমা [BASELINE TM]; others [NEW]	Son of Man/Messianic Kingship	Dan 7:14, 27; cf. 2:44	The book’s central messianic investiture formula; must be fixed verbatim across every recurrence.
serve him (cultic worship-service, פְלַח)	יִפְלְחוּן (yiflechun)	তাঁর আরাধনা করবে	[NEW]	Son of Man/Messianic Kingship	Dan 7:14; cf. 3:12ff; 6:16ff	Same root elsewhere reserved for God alone; ascribing it to the Son of Man is a decisive deity marker; must not use পূজা.
worship (of God) vs. bowing to an idol	סְגִד (segid)	আরাধনা (God) / প্রণিপাত করা, নতজানু হওয়া (idol)	[NEW]	Faithfulness under Persecution	Dan 3, 6	NEVER পূজা for either sense — risks either normalizing Hindu ritual worship register for God, or (in reverse) undercutting the narrative’s rejection of idol-worship.
spirit of the holy gods (pagan idiom)	רוּח־אֱלָהִין קַדִּישִׁין (ruach elahin qadishin)	পবিত্র দেবতাদের আত্মা	[NEW]	Wisdom and Discernment from God	Dan 4:8,9,18; 5:11,14	The pagan king’s own polytheistic phrase describing Daniel’s God-given insight; MUST NOT be rendered পবিত্র আত্মা (the Trinity’s Holy Spirit) — mandatory translator note every occurrence.
the seventy weeks	שָׁבֻעִים שִׁבְעִים (shavu’im shiv’im)	সত্তর সপ্তাহ	[NEW, mandatory footnote]	Apocalyptic Prophecy/End Times; Messianic Kingship	Dan 9:24-27	সপ্তাহ reads as literal 7-day week in ordinary Bengali; without a footnote clarifying “a unit of seven years,” the prophecy’s timetable is misread by 70-fold.
an anointed one (Messiah)	מָשִׁיחַ (mashiach)	অভিষিক্ত ব্যক্তি	[NEW]	Messianic Kingship	Dan 9:25-26	Must NOT use মশীহ (shared, unqualified, with Islamic Isa Masih theology that denies Christ’s atoning death/resurrection); must not prematurely collapse OT anticipation into খ্রীষ্ট without preserving the prophetic-anticipation register.
abomination that causes desolation	שִׁקּוּץ מְשׁוֹמֵם (shiqquts meshomem)	ধ্বংসকারী ঘৃণ্য বস্তু	[NEW]	Apocalyptic Prophecy/End Times	Dan 9:27; 11:31; 12:11	Directly quoted by Jesus (Matt 24:15) as still future; must be fixed identically wherever it recurs in Daniel and in the Gospels elsewhere in this curriculum.
resurrection	יָקִיץ (yaqits, “awake”)	পুনরুত্থান	[BASELINE TM — reuse]	Apocalyptic Prophecy/End Times	Dan 12:2, 13	NEVER পুনর্জন্ম; bodily, once-for-all, two-destiny resurrection, categorically distinct from rebirth into a further life-cycle.
kingdom that shall never be destroyed	דִּי־לָא תִתְחַבַּל (di-la titchabbal)	যে রাজ্য কখনও ধ্বংস হবে না	[NEW]	God’s Sovereignty; Messianic Kingship	Dan 2:44; 7:14, 27	Direct intertextual echo linking the stone-kingdom (ch.2) to the Son-of-Man kingdom (ch.7); must retain full indestructibility, not a merely long-lasting empire.

B. High-Risk Terms

English Term	Original	Bengali Rendering	Status	Doctrine	Primary Passages	Grounded Risk Reason
the Most High	עִלָּיָא / עֶלְיוֹן	পরাৎপর	[NEW]	God’s Sovereignty	Dan 4, 7 throughout	The book’s dominant sovereignty title; must be used consistently everywhere it recurs.
clouds of heaven	עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא	স্বর্গের মেঘ	[NEW]	Son of Man/Messianic Kingship	Dan 7:13	OT theophany marker applied to the Son of Man; must match wherever the Gospels/Revelation quote this verse.
the books were opened	סְפָרִין פְּתִיחוּ	পুস্তকসমূহ খোলা হল	[NEW]	God’s Sovereignty; Apocalyptic Prophecy	Dan 7:10	Risk of assimilation to an impersonal karmic ledger rather than a personal, righteous Judge’s own record.
saints of the Most High	קַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין	পরাৎপরের পবিত্র লোক	পবিত্র লোক [BASELINE TM]; qualifier [NEW]	Faithfulness under Persecution	Dan 7:18,21,22,25,27	Genuine human/angelic interpretive ambiguity; flag for theologian sign-off rather than silent resolution.
watcher, a holy one	עִיר וְקַדִּישׁ	পবিত্র প্রহরী	[NEW]	Wisdom/Discernment; God’s Sovereignty	Dan 4:13,17,23	Risk of assimilation to Bengali folk guardian-spirit categories rather than a created, subordinate angelic messenger.
mystery	רָז (raz)	নিগূঢ়তত্ত্ব	[NEW]	Apocalyptic Prophecy; Wisdom/Discernment	Dan 2	Collision risk with tantric/occult “hidden knowledge” register; must be framed as God’s own sovereign disclosure, not humanly accessible esoteric lore.
vision	חָזוׄן (chazon)	দর্শন	[NEW]	Apocalyptic Prophecy	Dan 7, 8, 9, 10	Same word as Hindu devotional darshan (worshiper-initiated ritual viewing of a deity); biblical vision is God-initiated disclosure to a passive recipient — translator note recommended on first occurrence.
covenant and steadfast love (chesed)	הַבְּרִית וְהַחֶסֶד	নিয়ম ও চিরস্থায়ী প্রেম	নিয়ম [BASELINE TM]; চিরস্থায়ী প্রেম [NEW]	Prayer and Perseverance in Exile	Dan 9:4	Chesed’s covenant-loyalty dimension is lost if flattened to generic দয়া (“kindness”).
time of the end	עֵת קֵץ	অন্তিমকাল / শেষকাল	[NEW]	Apocalyptic Prophecy/End Times	Dan 8:17,19; 11:35,40; 12:4,9	Must convey a single linear historical culmination, not cyclical Hindu yuga cosmology.
time, times, and half a time	עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִין וּפְלֻג עִדָּן	এক কাল, কালদ্বয়, ও অর্ধকাল	[NEW]	Apocalyptic Prophecy/End Times	Dan 7:25; 12:7	Widely debated apocalyptic numerology; preserve symbolic structure without imposing one interpretive scheme in the base text.
everlasting life	חַיֵּי עוֹלָם	অনন্ত জীবন	[NEW]	Apocalyptic Prophecy/End Times	Dan 12:2	Must stay terminologically distinct from yet theologically continuous with পরিত্রাণ/পুনরুত্থান.
shame and everlasting contempt	חֶרְפֹּת דִּרְאוֹן עוֹלָם	চিরস্থায়ী লজ্জা ও ঘৃণা	[NEW]	Apocalyptic Prophecy/End Times	Dan 12:2	Must not be softened into a recoverable social shame or a karmically reversible state.
deliver / rescue (netsal)	נְצַל (netsal)	উদ্ধার করা	[NEW]	Faithfulness under Persecution	Dan 3:17,28; 6:16,20,27	Must NOT use পরিত্রাণ — this is situational physical rescue, distinct from the fixed soteriological term.
glory	יְקָר (yeqar)	মহিমা	[BASELINE TM — reuse]	Son of Man/Messianic Kingship	Dan 2:37; 4:30,36; 5:18,20; 7:14	Reuse exactly per baseline; avoid তেজ (radiance/Hindu divine-aura associations).
prince (spiritual being, sar)	שַׂר (sar)	অধিপতি	[NEW]	God’s Sovereignty	Dan 10	Risk of assimilation to territorial guardian-spirit/pir veneration categories; must be framed as under God’s command.
image / idol	צֶלֶם (tselem)	প্রতিমা	[NEW]	Faithfulness under Persecution	Dan 3	Correct idol-association intended here (unlike God/Christ terms elsewhere); ensure narrative’s rejection of idol-worship stays unmistakable.
the little horn	קֶרֶן זְעֵירָה	ক্ষুদ্র শৃঙ্গ	[NEW]	Apocalyptic Prophecy/End Times	Dan 7:8; 8:9	Keep as symbolic imagery in the base text; do not collapse into one named modern figure.
a man clothed in linen (possible Christophany)	אִישׁ אֶחָד לָבוּשׁ בַּדִּים	শনের কাপড় পরিহিত পুরুষ	[NEW]	Son of Man/Messianic Kingship	Dan 10:5-6	Genuine Christological identity question; render descriptively, leave identification to teaching notes.
humbled / able to humble	הַשְׁפֵּיל	নত করা / অবনত করা	[NEW]	God’s Sovereignty	Dan 4:37; 5:20	Must read as personal, purposive divine governance, not impersonal karmic downfall.
all peoples, nations, and languages	כׇּל־עַמְמַיָּא אֻמַּיָּא וְלִשָּׁנַיָּא	সমস্ত জাতি, প্রজা ও ভাষাভাষী লোক	[NEW]	Son of Man/Messianic Kingship	Dan 3:4,7,29; 4:1; 5:19; 6:25; 7:14	Retain full universal inclusiveness; do not narrow to one linguistic/ethnic community.
came to / was presented before him	קְרֵב / הַקְרְבוּהִי	তাঁর কাছে উপস্থিত করা হল	[NEW]	Son of Man/Messianic Kingship	Dan 7:13	Formal royal-enthronement/commissioning force must not be flattened to a plain “came to him.”

C. Medium-Risk Terms

English Term	Original	Bengali Rendering	Status	Doctrine	Primary Passages
defile	גָּאַל	অপবিত্র করা	[NEW]	Faithfulness under Persecution	Dan 1:8
wisdom	חׇכְמָה / חָכְמְתָא	প্রজ্ঞা	[NEW]	Wisdom and Discernment	Throughout
understanding / discernment	בִּינָה	বিচারশক্তি	[NEW]	Wisdom and Discernment	Dan 1:17,20; 2:21
those who are wise (maskilim)	הַמַּשְׂכִּלִים	প্রজ্ঞাবান লোক	[NEW]	Wisdom and Discernment	Dan 12:3,10
the God of heaven	אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא	স্বর্গের ঈশ্বর	ঈশ্বর [BASELINE TM]; phrase [NEW]	God’s Sovereignty	Dan 2:18,19,28,37,44
the stone	אֶבֶן	পাথর	[NEW]	Messianic Kingship	Dan 2:34-35,45
the court (tribunal)	דִּינָא	বিচারসভা	[NEW]	God’s Sovereignty; Apocalyptic Prophecy	Dan 7:10
great words (boastful speech)	מִלִּין רַבְרְבָן	গর্বোক্তি	[NEW]	Faithfulness under Persecution	Dan 7:11,20
a season and a time	עִדָּן וְעִדָּן	এক নির্দিষ্ট কাল	[NEW]	Apocalyptic Prophecy	Dan 7:12
decree	אֱסָר / פִּתְגָם	রাজ-আদেশ	[NEW]	Prayer and Perseverance; Faithfulness under Persecution	Dan 3, 6
prayer	צְלוֹ / בָּעֵי	প্রার্থনা করা	[NEW]	Prayer and Perseverance in Exile	Dan 6:10-13; 9:4-19
fasting	(practice, cf. צוֹם)	উপবাস	[NEW]	Prayer and Perseverance in Exile	Dan 9:3; 10:2-3
weighed in the balances	תְקִילְתָּה בְמֹאזַנְיָא	দাঁড়িপাল্লায় ওজন করা হয়েছে	[NEW]	God’s Sovereignty	Dan 5:27
dominion (general use)	שׇׁלְטָן	কর্তৃত্ব	[NEW]	God’s Sovereignty	Throughout (non-Son-of-Man occurrences)
kingdom (general use)	מַלְכוּ	রাজ্য	[NEW]; pairs with [BASELINE TM] ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য when explicitly God’s kingdom	God’s Sovereignty	Throughout
those who know their God shall stand firm	וְעַם יֹדְעֵי אֱלֹהָיו יַחֲזִקוּ	যারা তাদের ঈশ্বরকে জানে তারা দৃঢ় থাকবে	[NEW]	Faithfulness under Persecution; Wisdom/Discernment	Dan 11:32
seal up the book	חֲתֹם הַסֵּפֶר	পুস্তক সীলমোহর করা	[NEW]	Apocalyptic Prophecy/End Times	Dan 8:26; 12:4,9
interpretation	פֵּשַׁר / פְּשַׁר	ব্যাখ্যা	[NEW]	Wisdom and Discernment	Dan 2, 4, 5, 7
1,290 / 1,335 days	numerals	numerals (Arabic, retained)	[NEW]	Apocalyptic Prophecy/End Times	Dan 12:11-12
sin	חָטָא	পাপ	[BASELINE TM — reuse]	Prayer and Perseverance in Exile	Dan 9:5,15,16,20,24
covenant	בְּרִית	নিয়ম	[BASELINE TM — reuse]	Prayer and Perseverance; Messianic Kingship	Dan 9:4,27; 11:22,28,30,32
prophet / prophecy	נָבִיא / prophetic word	ভাববাদী / ভাববাণী	[BASELINE TM — reuse]	Apocalyptic Prophecy	Dan 9:2,6,10,24
power of God (might)	חַיִל / גְּבוּרָה	ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য	[BASELINE TM — reuse]	God’s Sovereignty	Dan 2:20,23

D. Low-Risk Terms

English Term	Original	Bengali Rendering	Status	Primary Passages
thrones	כׇּרְסְיָן	সিংহাসন	[NEW]	Dan 7:9
served (court attendance)	שְׁמַש	সেবা করত	[NEW]	Dan 7:10
the beast	חֵיוְתָא	জন্তু	[NEW]	Dan 7:11,17,19,23
fire (imagery)	נוּר	আগুন / অগ্নি	[NEW]	Dan 7:9-11
night visions	חֶזְוֵי לֵילְיָא	রাত্রিকালীন দর্শন	[NEW] (pairs with High-risk দর্শন)	Dan 7:13; 2:19
MENE MENE TEKEL PARSIN	מְנֵא מְנֵא תְּקֵל וּפַרְסִין	মেনে, মেনে, তেকেল, উপারসীন (transliterated)	[NEW]	Dan 5:25
dream	חֵלֶם / חָלוֹם	স্বপ্ন	[NEW]	Dan 2, 4, 7
God (reuse)	אֱלָהּ / אֱלֹהִים	ঈশ্বর	[BASELINE TM — reuse]	Throughout
Lord (address to God, Adonai)	אֲדֹנָי	প্রভু	[BASELINE TM — reuse]	Dan 9:4
Daniel	דָּנִיֵּאל	দানিয়েল	[NEW — established OT proper name]	Throughout
Nebuchadnezzar	נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר	নবূখদ্‌নিৎসর	[NEW — established OT proper name; confirm orthography]	Dan 1-4
Belshazzar	בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר	বেলশৎসর	[NEW — established OT proper name]	Dan 5
Darius the Mede	דָּרְיָוֶשׁ	দারিয়াবস	[NEW — established OT proper name]	Dan 6, 9
Cyrus	כּוֹרֶשׁ	কোরেশ	[NEW — established OT proper name]	Dan 1:21; 6:28; 10:1
Michael	מִיכָאֵל	মীখায়েল	[NEW — established OT proper name]	Dan 10:13,21; 12:1
Gabriel	גַּבְרִיאֵל	গাব্রিয়েল	[NEW — established OT proper name]	Dan 8:16; 9:21
Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego	שַׁדְרַךְ, מֵישַׁךְ, עֲבֵד־נְגוֹ	শদ্রক, মৈশক, অবেদনগো	[NEW — established OT proper names]	Dan 1,3

E. Risk Summary

Tier	Count	Review Routing
Critical	11	Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence)
High	20	Human theologian (mandatory)
Medium	21	Native speaker review recommended
Low	17	Automated review sufficient
Total terms cataloged	69

F. Baseline Reuse Confirmation

The following terms are reused exactly from the Romans translation_memory.json and require no new entry, only confirmation of consistent application across Daniel: ঈশ্বর (God), প্রভু (Lord), পাপ (sin), নিয়ম (covenant), ভাববাদী (prophet), ভাববাণী (prophecy), পবিত্র (holy), পবিত্র লোক (saints), মহিমা (glory), পুনরুত্থান (resurrection), ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য (power of God), ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য (kingdom of God, for explicit God’s-kingdom occurrences only).

All other terms in this glossary are [NEW] proposals for the Daniel curriculum and must be added to translation memory (version increment, per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md §“Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions”) before any Phase 2 segment translation of Daniel proceeds.

Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: אֱלָהּ (Aramaic) / אֱלֹהִים (Hebrew, Elohim)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. ঈশ্বর is the settled Bengali Christian standard for אֱלָהּ/אֱלֹהִים throughout Daniel; never ভগবান (Hindu devotional address) or আল্লাহ (Islamic-idiom option).

Lord

Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: Prayer and Perseverance in Exile
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Original: אֲדֹנָי (Hebrew, Adonai)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used for אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) in Daniel’s prayer of confession (Dan 9:4). Distinguish in teaching from the baseline’s Christological use of the same term for Christ’s exclusive Lordship (Romans 10:9); both are legitimate but the referent differs by context.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: পুনরুত্থান
Transliteration: punorutthan
Doctrine: Resurrection and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম, পুনর্জীবন
Original: יָקִיץ (Hebrew, yaqits, ‘awake’); cf. Aramaic/Hebrew qum
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. NEVER পুনর্জন্ম (reincarnation within samsara). Daniel 12:2’s ‘sleep… shall awake’ (יָקִיץ) is the Old Testament’s clearest statement of bodily, once-for-all resurrection to two fixed everlasting destinies, the doctrinal referent this term exists to carry.

Messiah

Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise of the Seventy Weeks
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, but NOT used for Daniel 9:25-26’s OT anticipatory מָשִׁיחַ — see new entry anointed_one below, which is used instead to preserve the prophetic-anticipation register. খ্রীষ্ট remains reserved for NT fulfillment usage elsewhere in this curriculum.

Jesus

Approved rendering: যীশু
Transliteration: Jishu
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Rejected alternatives: ঈসা

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Referenced here because Daniel 7:13’s מנुষ্যপুত্র (Son of Man) is Jesus’ primary Gospel self-designation; NEVER ঈসা.

Son Of God

Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পুত্র
Transliteration: Ishshorer Putro
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Rejected alternatives: দেবপুত্র, ঈশ্বরের অংশ

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Retained here strictly as the CONTRAST term to Daniel’s new মনুষ্যপুত্র (Son of Man, see below); the two must remain visibly distinct so readers do not collapse eternal divine Sonship with the human-appearing exalted figure of Dan 7:13 into one undifferentiated phrase.

Salvation

Approved rendering: পরিত্রাণ
Transliteration: poritran
Doctrine: God’s Deliverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Retained here strictly as the CONTRAST term to Daniel’s new উদ্ধার করা (situational physical rescue, chs. 3, 6): পরিত্রাণ must NEVER be used for the furnace/lions’-den deliverances, to preserve the once-for-all soteriological category intact.

Incarnation

Approved rendering: দেহধারণ
Transliteration: dehodharon
Doctrine: Divine Theophany: the Ancient of Days
Rejected alternatives: অবতার, দেহ প্রকাশ

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Cited here because the same NEVER-অবতার logic (a Hindu deity’s temporary, repeatable descent) applies with equal force to Daniel’s Ancient of Days and Son-of-Man theophany imagery, though this specific term does not itself recur as running vocabulary in Daniel.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: পবিত্র আত্মা
Transliteration: Pobitro Attha
Doctrine: God’s Revealed Word and Mystery
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্ম, পরমাত্মা

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Retained here as the CRITICAL contrast term against the new পবিত্র দেবতাদের আত্মা (Nebuchadnezzar’s pagan idiom, Dan 4:8,9,18; 5:11,14). NEVER conflate the two despite their close visual/aural proximity in Bengali.

Ancient Of Days

Approved rendering: অতিপ্রাচীন
Transliteration: otiprachin
Doctrine: Divine Theophany: the Ancient of Days
Rejected alternatives: ঋষি (sage/ascetic figure), ব্রহ্মা
Original: עַתִּיק יומיא (Aramaic)
Category: God

Renders עַתִּיק יומיא (attiq yomin), Dan 7:9,13,22. Must not evoke a Hindu ascetic sage-figure or the aged-patriarch iconography of a creator-deity such as Brahma; must convey personal, sovereign, eternal deity, not philosophical timelessness alone. Foundational to the Father/Son throne-scene reading of Dan 7. Paraphrase, not transliteration.

Son Of Man

Approved rendering: মনুষ্যপুত্র
Transliteration: monushyoputro
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Original: כְּבַר אֱנָש (Aramaic); Theodotion Gk. ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology

Renders כְּבַר אֱנָש (kevar enash); Theodotion ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου, Dan 7:13. MUST match whatever term is used for ‘Son of Man’ across the Gospels in this same Bengali curriculum. Must stay visibly distinct from ঈশ্বরের পুত্র (Son of God). Must not be softened into a merely human/prophetic figure (Muslim-idiom Isa-as-prophet-only risk) nor read through a Hindu avatar framework.

Dominion Glory Kingdom Triad

Approved rendering: কর্তৃত্ব, মহিমা ও রাজ্য
Transliteration: kortritwo, mohima o rajyo
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Original: שׇׁלְטָן וִיקָר וּמַלְכוּ (Aramaic)
Category: Christology

Renders שׇׁלְטָן וִיקָר וּמַלְכוּ (sholtan viqar u-malku), the formal royal investiture formula, Dan 7:14, 27; echoed 2:44. মহিমা reuses the baseline glory term exactly. Fixed verbatim at every recurrence per cross-document consistency rule for thesis-level verses.

Worship Of Son Of Man

Approved rendering: তাঁর আরাধনা করবে
Transliteration: tar aradhona korbe
Doctrine: Deity of the Son of Man
Rejected alternatives: সেবা করবে (generic ‘serve a king’), পূজা করবে
Original: יִפְלְחוּן (Aramaic, root פְלַח)
Category: Worship

Renders יִפְלְחוּן (yiflechun), Dan 7:14 — the cultic worship-service root elsewhere in Daniel reserved exclusively for God (3:12ff; 6:16ff). Must use আরাধনা, never পূজা. One of the strongest deity-of-Christ signals in the Old Testament; must not be flattened into mere political allegiance.

True Worship Of God

Approved rendering: আরাধনা করা
Transliteration: aradhona kora
Doctrine: Refusal of Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: পূজা করা
Original: סְגִד (Aramaic, segid) / פְלַח (pelach)
Category: Worship

Renders סְגִד (segid)/פְלַח (pelach) for worship directed at God alone (Dan 3, 6). NEVER পূজা — the standard Bengali word for Hindu ritual deity-worship (Durga/Kali Puja); using it would wrongly assimilate the true God to a Hindu devotional-ritual framework.

Bowing To Idol

Approved rendering: প্রণিপাত করা / নতজানু হওয়া
Transliteration: pronipat kora / notojanu howa
Doctrine: Refusal of Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: পূজা করা, আরাধনা করা
Original: סְגִד (Aramaic, segid)
Category: Worship

Renders סְגִד (segid) for the demanded physical act of prostration before the golden image (Dan 3). Describes the act without conceding legitimacy. NEVER পূজা, which would risk normalizing পূজা as an acceptable general worship register in this curriculum.

Spirit Of The Holy Gods

Approved rendering: পবিত্র দেবতাদের আত্মা
Transliteration: pobitro debotader attha
Doctrine: God’s Revealed Word and Mystery
Rejected alternatives: পবিত্র আত্মা
Original: רוּח־אֱלָהִין קַדִּישִׁין (Aramaic, ruach elahin qadishin)
Category: Wisdom

Renders רוּח־אֱלָהִין קַדִּישִׁין (ruach elahin qadishin), Nebuchadnezzar’s own polytheistic idiom for Daniel’s God-given insight (Dan 4:8,9,18; 5:11,14). MUST NOT be rendered পবিত্র আত্মা (the Trinity’s Holy Spirit). Mandatory translator note every occurrence given the visual/aural proximity risk.

Seventy Weeks

Approved rendering: সত্তর সপ্তাহ
Transliteration: sattor saptaho
Doctrine: Messianic Promise of the Seventy Weeks
Original: שָׁבֻעִים שִׁבְעִים (Hebrew, shavu’im shiv’im)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders שָׁבֻעִים שִׁבְעִים (shavu’im shiv’im), Dan 9:24-27. সপ্তাহ reads as a literal 7-day week in ordinary Bengali; mandatory footnote required at every occurrence: ‘এখানে সপ্তাহ সাত-বছরের একটি একক বোঝায়’ (‘here, week denotes a unit of seven years’), or the prophecy’s ~490-year scope is misread ~180-fold.

Anointed One

Approved rendering: অভিষিক্ত ব্যক্তি
Transliteration: ovishikto bekti
Doctrine: Messianic Promise of the Seventy Weeks
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, খ্রীষ্ট (premature)
Original: מָשִׁיחַ (Hebrew, mashiach)
Category: Christology

Renders מָשִׁיחַ (mashiach), Dan 9:25-26. Must NOT be rendered মশীহ (shared, unqualified, with Bengali Muslim ঈসা মসীহ usage denying Christ’s atoning death/resurrection). Must also not be rendered খ্রীষ্ট outright, which would prematurely collapse OT anticipation into NT fulfillment. Mandatory theologian review.

Abomination Of Desolation

Approved rendering: ধ্বংসকারী ঘৃণ্য বস্তু
Transliteration: dhongskari ghrinno bostu
Doctrine: The Abomination of Desolation
Original: שִׁקּוּץ מְשׁוֹמֵם (Hebrew, shiqquts meshomem)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders שִׁקּוּץ מְשׁוֹמֵם (shiqquts meshomem), Dan 9:27; 11:31; 12:11. Quoted by Jesus as still future (Matthew 24:15); must be fixed identically wherever it recurs in Daniel and wherever the Gospels quote it elsewhere in this curriculum.

Kingdom Never Destroyed

Approved rendering: যে রাজ্য কখনও ধ্বংস হবে না
Transliteration: je rajyo kokhono dhongsho hobe na
Doctrine: The Eternal Kingdom versus Earthly Kingdoms
Original: דִּי־לָא תִתְחַבַּל (Aramaic, di-la titchabbal)
Category: Kingdom

Renders דִּי־לָא תִתְחַבַּל (di-la titchabbal), used identically of the stone-kingdom (Dan 2:44) and the Son of Man’s kingdom (7:14, 27). Must retain full indestructibility, not merely long-lasting empire; keep wording visibly parallel at both occurrences.

High Risk Terms

Holy

Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Angelic Intermediaries and Spiritual Conflict
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Original: קַדִּישׁ (Aramaic, qaddish) / קָדוֹשׁ (Hebrew, qadosh)
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied to קַדִּישׁ/קָדוֹשׁ throughout Daniel (watchers, God’s people, God’s own holiness).

Saints

Approved rendering: পবিত্র লোক
Transliteration: pobitro lok
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: সাধু, সাধুগণ
Original: קַדִּישִׁין (Aramaic, qaddishin)
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Base term for קַדִּישִׁין (qaddishin), qualified as পরাৎপরের পবিত্র লোক at Dan 7:18,21,22,25,27. NEVER সাধু/সাধুগণ (ascetic-elite association).

Glory

Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Original: יְקָר (Aramaic, yeqar)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Renders יְקָר (yeqar) in the dominion/glory/kingdom investiture triad (Dan 7:14) and elsewhere (2:37; 4:30,36; 5:18,20). Avoid তেজ (Hindu divine-aura association).

Sin

Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness and Confession of Sin
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Original: חָטָא (Hebrew, chata)
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Renders חָטָא in Daniel’s corporate confession (Dan 9:5,15,16,20,24).

Covenant

Approved rendering: নিয়ম
Transliteration: niyom
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness and Confession of Sin
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি, অঙ্গীকার
Original: בְּרִית (Hebrew, berith)
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Renders בְּרִית (berith); pairs with [NEW] চিরস্থায়ী প্রেম at Dan 9:4 and recurs at 9:27; 11:22,28,30,32.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer shamorthyo
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি
Original: חַיִל / גְּבוּרָה (Hebrew)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. NEVER শক্তি (Shakta Hindu goddess-power association, especially strong in Bengal). Renders חַיִל/גְּבוּרָה at Dan 2:20,23.

Providence

Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা
Transliteration: Ishshorer porichalona
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Echoed (not directly reused as running vocabulary) in Daniel’s ‘humbled’ (নত করা/অবনত করা) doctrine to keep God’s governance of kings personal and purposive, never impersonal fate/karma.

Grace

Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness and Confession of Sin
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Referenced as a comparative/contrast term: Daniel 9’s appeal to covenant চিরস্থায়ী প্রেম (chesed) parallels but is not identical to অনুগ্রহ (charis); care is needed not to collapse OT covenant-loyalty language into the NT grace/merit contrast without distinction.

Most High

Approved rendering: পরাৎপর
Transliteration: poratpor
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Original: עִלָּיָא (Aramaic, illaya) / עֶלְיוֹן (Hebrew, elyon)
Category: God

Renders עִלָּיָא/עֶלְיוֹן (illaya/elyon), the book’s dominant sovereignty title (chs. 4, 7). Established Bengali Christian usage (cf. Psalm 91). Must be used consistently everywhere this title recurs, including ‘saints of the Most High’ and ‘kingdom of the Most High.‘

Clouds Of Heaven

Approved rendering: স্বর্গের মেঘ
Transliteration: sworger megh
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Original: עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא (Aramaic); Theodotion Gk. μετὰ τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ
Category: Christology

Renders עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא (anane shemayya); Theodotion μετὰ τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Dan 7:13. OT theophany-language elsewhere reserved for God’s own coming, applied here to the Son of Man. Must match wherever the Gospels/Revelation quote this verse (Matthew 24:30; 26:64; Mark 13:26; 14:62; Revelation 1:7).

Books Opened

Approved rendering: পুস্তকসমূহ খোলা হল
Transliteration: pustoksomuho khola holo
Doctrine: Divine Judgment of Nations
Rejected alternatives: কর্মের হিসাব (karmic ledger)
Original: סְפָרִין פְּתִיחוּ (Aramaic)
Category: Judgment

Renders סְפָרִין פְּתִיחוּ (sifrin petichu), Dan 7:10. Risk of assimilation to an impersonal karmic account book rather than a personal, righteous Judge’s own courtroom record; a brief translator note is recommended.

Saints Of The Most High

Approved rendering: পরাৎপরের পবিত্র লোক
Transliteration: poratporer pobitro lok
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Original: קַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין (Aramaic, qaddishei elyonin)
Category: Sainthood

Renders קַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין (qaddishei elyonin), Dan 7:18,21,22,25,27. পবিত্র লোক reuses the baseline term exactly. The human/angelic referent is a genuine interpretive ambiguity; flag for theologian sign-off rather than silently resolving.

Watcher Holy One

Approved rendering: পবিত্র প্রহরী
Transliteration: pobitro prohori
Doctrine: Angelic Intermediaries and Spiritual Conflict
Rejected alternatives: দূত (generic messenger)
Original: עִיר וְקַדִּישׁ (Aramaic, iyr ve-qaddish)
Category: Angelology

Renders עִיר וְקַדִּישׁ (iyr ve-qaddish), Dan 4:13,17,23. Must not be assimilated to Bengali folk categories of ancestral or local guardian spirits; must read as a created, subordinate angelic messenger under God’s command. Paraphrase, not transliteration.

Mystery

Approved rendering: নিগূঢ়তত্ত্ব
Transliteration: nigurhotattwo
Doctrine: God’s Revealed Word and Mystery
Rejected alternatives: গুপ্ত বিদ্যা (occult/tantric lore)
Original: רָז (Aramaic, raz, a Persian loanword)
Category: Wisdom

Renders רָז (raz, a Persian loanword), Dan 2. Collision risk with tantric/occult ‘hidden knowledge’ register; must be framed as God’s own sovereign disclosure, contrasted explicitly with the failed Babylonian diviners (2:27-28), never humanly accessible esoteric lore.

Vision

Approved rendering: দর্শন
Transliteration: dorshon
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: חָזוׄן (Hebrew, chazon)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders חָזוׄן (chazon), the standard term for the apocalyptic genre (Dan 7-12). Also the standard Bengali term for Hindu devotional darshan (worshiper-initiated ritual viewing) — biblical vision is the reverse: God-initiated disclosure to a passive recipient. Translator note recommended at first and major occurrences (Dan 2, 7, 8, 9, 10).

Covenant Steadfast Love

Approved rendering: নিয়ম ও চিরস্থায়ী প্রেম
Transliteration: niyom o chirosthayi prem
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness and Confession of Sin
Rejected alternatives: দয়া (generic ‘kindness’)
Original: הַבְּרִית וְהַחֶסֶד (Hebrew, ha-berith ve-ha-chesed)
Category: Covenant

Renders הַבְּרִית וְהַחֶסֶד (berith ve-chesed), Dan 9:4. নিয়ম reuses the baseline covenant term exactly. চিরস্থায়ী প্রেম preserves chesed’s covenant-loyalty dimension, lost if flattened to generic দয়া.

Time Of The End

Approved rendering: অন্তিমকাল / শেষকাল
Transliteration: ontimokal / sheshkal
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: עֵת קֵץ (Hebrew, et qets)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders עֵת קֵץ (et qets), Dan 8:17,19; 11:35,40; 12:4,9. Must convey a single, definite, God-appointed culmination of linear history, not the cyclical yuga ages of Hindu cosmology.

Time Times Half Time

Approved rendering: এক কাল, কালদ্বয়, ও অর্ধকাল
Transliteration: ek kal, kaldoy, o ordhokal
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִין וּפְלֻג עִדָּן (Aramaic)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִין וּפְלֻג עִדָּן (iddan ve-iddanin u-pelag iddan), Dan 7:25; 12:7. Widely debated apocalyptic numerology; preserve the symbolic three-and-a-half-unit structure without imposing one specific modern interpretive scheme in the base text.

Everlasting Life

Approved rendering: অনন্ত জীবন
Transliteration: ononto jibon
Doctrine: Resurrection and Final Judgment
Original: חַיֵּי עוֹלָם (Hebrew, chayei olam)
Category: Eschatology

Renders חַיֵּי עוֹלָם (chayei olam), Dan 12:2. Keep terminologically distinct from, yet theologically continuous with, পরিত্রাণ (salvation) and পুনরুত্থান (resurrection).

Shame Everlasting Contempt

Approved rendering: চিরস্থায়ী লজ্জা ও ঘৃণা
Transliteration: chirosthayi lojja o ghrina
Doctrine: Resurrection and Final Judgment
Original: חֶרְפֹּת דִּרְאוֹן עוֹלָם (Hebrew, cherpot dir’on olam)
Category: Eschatology

Renders חֶרְפֹּת דִּרְאוֹן עוֹלָם (cherpot dir’on olam), Dan 12:2. Must not be softened into a temporary, recoverable social shame or a karmically reversible state, given Hindu karma-based moral-rebalancing expectations and Bengali proverbial usage of shame.

Deliver Rescue

Approved rendering: উদ্ধার করা
Transliteration: uddhar kora
Doctrine: God’s Deliverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: পরিত্রাণ
Original: נְצַל (Aramaic, netsal)
Category: Faithfulness under Persecution

Renders נְצַל (netsal), Dan 3:17,28; 6:16,20,27. Must NOT be রেndered পরিত্রাণ, the baseline’s fixed Critical-risk term for eternal salvation; using it here would blur temporal deliverance from a furnace/den with the once-for-all soteriological category.

Prince Spiritual Being

Approved rendering: অধিপতি
Transliteration: odhipoti
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Princes of the Nations
Original: שַׂר (Hebrew, sar)
Category: Angelology

Renders שַׂר (sar), Dan 10. Real risk of assimilation to Bengali animistic/folk territorial guardian spirits, local দেবতা, or Sufi-tradition guardian পীর; translator note required clarifying these are created beings under God’s sovereign command.

Image Idol

Approved rendering: প্রতিমা
Transliteration: protima
Doctrine: Refusal of Idolatry
Original: צֶלֶם (Aramaic/Hebrew cognate, tselem)
Category: Worship

Renders צֶלֶם (tselem), Dan 3. Unlike most God/Christ-related terms in this curriculum, the natural Hindu-idiom association (a cult image) is correct and intended here; the pastoral task is keeping the narrative’s rejection of idol-worship unmistakable in context.

Little Horn

Approved rendering: ক্ষুদ্র শৃঙ্গ
Transliteration: kshudro shrungo
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: קֶרֶן זְעֵירָה (Aramaic, qeren ze’eira)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders קֶרֶן זְעֵירָה (qeren ze’eira), Dan 7:8; 8:9. Retain as symbolic imagery; avoid collapsing into one named modern figure in the base translation itself; leave typological application to teaching notes.

Man Clothed In Linen

Approved rendering: শনের কাপড় পরিহিত পুরুষ
Transliteration: shoner kapor porihito purush
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Original: אִישׁ אֶחָד לָבוּשׁ בַּדִּים (Hebrew)
Category: Christology

Renders אִישׁ אֶחָד לָבוּשׁ בַּדִּים, Dan 10:5-6. Description parallels the risen Christ’s description in Revelation 1:13-16, a genuine Christophany-or-exalted-angel interpretive question; render descriptively, leave identification to teaching notes.

Humbled

Approved rendering: নত করা / অবনত করা
Transliteration: not kora / obonoto kora
Doctrine: Humility before God’s Sovereignty
Rejected alternatives: কর্মফল (impersonal karmic downfall)
Original: הַשְׁפֵּיל (Aramaic, causative of shephal)
Category: Sovereignty

Renders הַשְׁפֵּיל (hashpel), Dan 4:37; 5:20. Must read as the personal, purposive governance of a sovereign God (echoing ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা), not an impersonal karmic downfall.

All Peoples Nations Languages

Approved rendering: সমস্ত জাতি, প্রজা ও ভাষাভাষী লোক
Transliteration: somosto jati, projo o bhashabhashi lok
Doctrine: Universal Scope of God’s Kingdom
Original: כׇּל־עַמְמַיָּא אֻמַּיָּא וְלִשָּׁנַיָּא (Aramaic)
Category: Kingdom

Renders כׇּל־עַמְמַיָּא אֻמַּיָּא וְלִשָּׁנַיָּא, Dan 3:4,7,29; 4:1; 5:19; 6:25; 7:14. Retain full universal inclusiveness; do not narrow to a single Bengali cultural-linguistic community.

Presented Before Him

Approved rendering: তাঁর কাছে উপস্থিত করা হল
Transliteration: tar kachhe uposthito kora holo
Doctrine: The Son of Man and Messianic Kingship
Rejected alternatives: কেবল ‘এল’ (flat ‘came to him’)
Original: קְרֵב / הַקְרְבוּהִי (Aramaic, qerev / haqrevuhi)
Category: Christology

Renders קְרֵב/הַקְרְבוּהִי (qerev/haqrevuhi), Dan 7:13 — ceremonial royal-court presentation/commissioning. Must retain the formal, ceremonial, enthronement force, paralleling NT ascension/enthronement Christology (Acts 1:9-11; Phil 2:9-11; Heb 1:3-4).

Medium Risk Terms

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer Rajyo
Doctrine: The Eternal Kingdom versus Earthly Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বরের দেশ
Original: מַלְכוּת אֱלָהָא (Aramaic-Hebrew composite idiom); cf. βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ NT
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Reserve strictly for explicit God’s-kingdom occurrences (מַלְכוּת אֱלָהָא idiom); general kingdom/dominion references use the new [NEW] general terms রাজ্য/কর্তৃত্ব instead.

Intercession

Approved rendering: মধ্যস্থতা
Transliteration: moddhosthota
Doctrine: Prayer and Perseverance in Exile
Rejected alternatives: সুপারিশ

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applies to Christ’s/the Spirit’s intercession for believers; explicitly NOT used to describe human/angelic shrine-intercession practice (পীরের মাজার visits, Hindu shrine mediators) that Daniel’s own direct, personal prayer practice is contrasted against.

Defile

Approved rendering: অপবিত্র করা
Transliteration: opobitro kora
Doctrine: Dietary and Cultural Faithfulness in Exile
Original: גָּאַל (Hebrew, ga’al)
Category: Faithfulness under Persecution

Renders גָּאַל (ga’al), Dan 1:8. About loyalty to covenant identity in a pagan court, not ritual purity for its own sake; distinguish from Hindu/Muslim ritual-purity/dietary frameworks (shuddhi, halal/haram).

Wisdom

Approved rendering: প্রজ্ঞা
Transliteration: progya
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Original: חׇכְמָה (Hebrew) / חָכְמְתָא (Aramaic)
Category: Wisdom

Renders חׇכְמָה/חָכְמְתָא (chokmah/chokmata), throughout Daniel. Collides with Buddhist prajñā/Hindu jñāna (self-liberating insight); established Bengali Christian usage stabilizes this term, but pair with ‘ঈশ্বরদত্ত’ framing at load-bearing occurrences (Dan 1:17,20; 2:21).

Understanding Discernment

Approved rendering: বিচারশক্তি
Transliteration: bicharshokti
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Original: בִּינָה (Hebrew, vinah)
Category: Wisdom

Renders בִּינָה (vinah), paired with wisdom (Dan 1:17,20; 2:21).

Maskilim Wise

Approved rendering: প্রজ্ঞাবান লোক
Transliteration: progyaban lok
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Original: הַמַּשְׂכִּלִים (Hebrew, ha-maskilim)
Category: Wisdom

Renders הַמַּשְׂכִּלִים (ha-maskilim), Dan 12:3,10 (cf. 11:33,35). Those who both possess and impart God-given spiritual discernment amid persecution, not merely clever people.

God Of Heaven

Approved rendering: স্বর্গের ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: sworger Ishshor
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Original: אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא (Aramaic, elah shemayin)
Category: God

Renders אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא (elah shemayin), Dan 2:18,19,28,37,44. ঈশ্বর reuses the baseline term exactly; the phrase asserts God’s supremacy over lesser, territorial pagan deities.

The Stone

Approved rendering: পাথর
Transliteration: pathor
Doctrine: The Eternal Kingdom versus Earthly Kingdoms
Original: אֶבֶן (Aramaic/Hebrew cognate, even)
Category: Kingdom

Renders אֶבֶן (even), Dan 2:34-35,45. A translator note connecting this stone to the Son-of-Man kingdom of chapter 7 is recommended wherever this image is taught.

Court Tribunal

Approved rendering: বিচারসভা
Transliteration: bichar-sobha
Doctrine: Divine Judgment of Nations
Original: דִּינָא (Aramaic, dina)
Category: Judgment

Renders דִּינָא (dina), Dan 7:10. Must convey a real judicial tribunal presided over by a personal, righteous Judge, not an impersonal cosmic-order mechanism.

Great Words Boastful

Approved rendering: গর্বোক্তি / অহংকারপূর্ণ বচন
Transliteration: gorbokti / ohongkarpurno bochon
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Original: מִלִּין רַבְרְבָן (Aramaic, millin ravrevan)
Category: Faithfulness under Persecution

Renders מִלִּין רַבְרְבָן (millin ravrevan), Dan 7:11,20. Arrogant, self-exalting, blasphemous speech associated with the little horn.

Season And Time

Approved rendering: এক নির্দিষ্ট কাল
Transliteration: ek nirdishto kal
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: עִדָּן וְעִדָּן (Aramaic, iddan)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders עִדָּן וְעִדָּן (iddan), Dan 7:12. Avoid over-literalizing into a precise modern calendar calculation.

Decree

Approved rendering: রাজ-আদেশ
Transliteration: raj-adesh
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Original: אֱסָר (Aramaic, esar) / פִּתְגָם (pithgam)
Category: Faithfulness under Persecution

Renders אֱסָר/פִּתְגָם (esar/pithgam), the legally binding decree at Dan 3, 6.

Prayer

Approved rendering: প্রার্থনা করা
Transliteration: prarthona kora
Doctrine: Prayer and Perseverance in Exile
Original: צְלוֹ / בָּעֵי (Aramaic verbs)
Category: Prayer

Renders צְלוֹ/בָּעֵי, Dan 6:10-13; 9:4-19. Distinguish Daniel’s personal, direct address to a personal God from Hindu ritual puja and from shrine/pir-based folk-intercession practice.

Fasting

Approved rendering: উপবাস
Transliteration: upobash
Doctrine: Prayer and Perseverance in Exile
Original: (practice, cf. צוֹם tsom)
Category: Prayer

Renders the practice described at Dan 9:3; 10:2-3. Framed as repentance/seeking-God motivated, not merit-accumulating (Hindu ব্রত) or calendrically obligatory (Islamic রোজা).

Weighed In Balances

Approved rendering: দাঁড়িপাল্লায় ওজন করা হয়েছে এবং ঘাটতি পাওয়া গেছে
Transliteration: dharipallay ojon kora hoyeche ebong ghati paoa geche
Doctrine: Divine Judgment of Nations
Original: תְקִילְתָּה בְמֹאזַנְיָא (Aramaic)
Category: Judgment

Renders תְקִילְתָּה בְמֹאזַנְיָא (teqiltah be-moznaya), Dan 5:27. Judicial assessment against God’s own fixed standard of righteousness.

Dominion General

Approved rendering: কর্তৃত্ব
Transliteration: kortritwo
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Rejected alternatives: আধিপত্য (hegemony/military domination)
Original: שׇׁלְטָן (Aramaic, sholtan)
Category: Sovereignty

Renders general (non-Son-of-Man) occurrences of שׇׁלְטָן (sholtan) throughout Daniel — derivative, revocable earthly authority. আধিপত্য rejected as leaning toward military domination rather than rightful, God-given ruling authority.

Kingdom General

Approved rendering: রাজ্য
Transliteration: rajyo
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Kings and Kingdoms
Original: מַלְכוּ (Aramaic, malku)
Category: Sovereignty

Renders general (non-explicitly-divine) occurrences of מַלְכוּ (malku). Pairs with ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য only when explicitly referring to God’s kingdom.

Know Their God Stand Firm

Approved rendering: যারা তাদের ঈশ্বরকে জানে তারা দৃঢ় থাকবে
Transliteration: jara tader Ishshor-ke jane tara dridho thakbe
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Original: וְעַם יֹדְעֵי אֱלֹהָיו יַחֲזִקוּ (Hebrew)
Category: Faithfulness under Persecution

Renders Dan 11:32. Ties steadfastness under persecution to genuine knowledge of God, not mere resolve.

Seal Up The Book

Approved rendering: পুস্তক সীলমোহর করা
Transliteration: pustok silmohor kora
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sealing of Prophecy
Original: חֲתֹם הַסֵּפֶר (Hebrew, chatom ha-sefer)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders חֲתֹם הַסֵּפֶר (chatom ha-sefer), Dan 8:26; 12:4,9. Preserves genuine revelation intact until its appointed disclosure; must not read as concealment of esoteric lore for an initiated elite.

Interpretation

Approved rendering: ব্যাখ্যা
Transliteration: byakhya
Doctrine: Wisdom and Discernment from God
Original: פֵּשַׁר / פְּשַׁר (Aramaic, peshar)
Category: Wisdom

Renders פֵּשַׁר/פְּשַׁר (peshar), God-given explanation of a dream/vision’s meaning (Dan 2, 4, 5, 7).

Days Numerals

Approved rendering: numerals retained as Arabic numerals (1,290 / 1,335)
Transliteration: n/a
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: numerals (Hebrew), Dan 12:11-12
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Dan 12:11-12. Retain Arabic numerals per cross-reference convention; avoid embedding precise modern calendrical-fulfillment claims in the base translated text — reserve for teaching notes.

Low Risk Terms

Prophet

Approved rendering: ভাববাদী
Transliteration: bhabbadi
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতিষী
Original: נָבִיא (Hebrew, navi)
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Renders נָבִיא (navi), referenced at Dan 9:2,6,10,24.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: ভাববাণী
Transliteration: bhabbani
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Rejected alternatives: গণনা
Original: prophetic word (Hebrew davar; cf. Jeremiah’s seventy years referenced in Dan 9:2)
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used for the prophetic word Daniel appeals to at 9:2 (Jeremiah’s seventy years).

Thrones

Approved rendering: সিংহাসন
Transliteration: shinghashon
Doctrine: Divine Theophany: the Ancient of Days
Original: כׇּרְסְיָן (Aramaic, korsevan)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders כׇּרְסְיָן (korsevan), Dan 7:9. Verify plural handling (সিংহাসনসমূহ) reads naturally.

Served Court Attendance

Approved rendering: সেবা করত
Transliteration: seba korto
Doctrine: Divine Theophany: the Ancient of Days
Original: יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּהּ (Aramaic, root shemash)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּהּ (yeshammeshunneh), Dan 7:10 — general ceremonial court attendance. Keep visibly distinct from তাঁর আরাধনা করবে (7:14) so readers do not flatten the two into one idea.

The Beast

Approved rendering: জন্তু
Transliteration: jontu
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: חֵיוְתָא (Aramaic, cheyvta)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders חֵיוְתָא (cheyvta), Dan 7:11,17,19,23. Consistency across chapters 7-8 is the main requirement.

Fire Imagery

Approved rendering: আগুন / অগ্নি
Transliteration: agun / ogni
Doctrine: Divine Theophany: the Ancient of Days
Original: נוּר (Aramaic, nur)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders נוּר (nur), Dan 7:9-11. Standard vocabulary; supporting imagery only.

Night Visions

Approved rendering: রাত্রিকালীন দর্শন
Transliteration: ratrikalin dorshon
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: חֶזְוֵי לֵילְיָא (Aramaic, chezvei leilya)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders חֶזְוֵי לֵילְיָא (chezvei leilya), Dan 7:1; 2:19. Pairs with the High-risk দর্শন entry; see its darshan-collision note.

Mene Mene Tekel Parsin

Approved rendering: মেনে, মেনে, তেকেল, উপারসীন
Transliteration: mene mene teqel u-parsin
Doctrine: Divine Judgment of Nations
Original: מְנֵא מְנֵא תְּקֵל וּפַרְסִין (Aramaic)
Category: Judgment

Renders מְנֵא מְנֵא תְּקֵל וּפַרְסִין, Dan 5:25. Retain the Aramaic transliteration in the text itself; meaning is supplied by the passage’s own follow-on explanation (vv.26-28).

Dream

Approved rendering: স্বপ্ন
Transliteration: swapno
Doctrine: Apocalyptic Prophecy and the End Times
Original: חֵלֶם (Aramaic) / חָלוֹם (Hebrew)
Category: Apocalyptic Prophecy

Renders חֵלֶם/חָלוֹם (chelem/chalom), the vehicle for several revelations (Dan 2, 4, 7).

Daniel

Approved rendering: দানিয়েল
Transliteration: Daniyyel
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: דָּנִיֵּאל (Hebrew, Daniyyel, ‘God is my judge’)
Category: Proper Names

Established Bengali Old Testament proper-name form; confirm orthography against the Bangladesh Bible Society Old Testament before Phase 2.

Nebuchadnezzar

Approved rendering: নবূখদ্‌নিৎসর
Transliteration: Nevukhadnetstsar
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר (Hebrew)
Category: Proper Names

Established Bengali form; confirm orthography before Phase 2.

Belshazzar

Approved rendering: বেলশৎসর
Transliteration: Belshatstsar
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר (Hebrew)
Category: Proper Names

Established Bengali form.

Darius The Mede

Approved rendering: দারিয়াবস
Transliteration: Daryavesh
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: דָּרְיָוֶשׁ (Hebrew, Daryavesh)
Category: Proper Names

Established Bengali form.

Cyrus

Approved rendering: কোরেশ
Transliteration: Koresh
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: כּוֹרֶשׁ (Hebrew, Koresh)
Category: Proper Names

Established Bengali form.

Michael

Approved rendering: মীখায়েল
Transliteration: Mikha’el
Doctrine: Angelic Intermediaries and Spiritual Conflict
Original: מִיכָאֵל (Hebrew, Mikha’el, ‘Who is like God?’)
Category: Angelology

Established Bengali form. Michael is a created angelic being under God’s command, not an independent deity.

Gabriel

Approved rendering: গাব্রিয়েল
Transliteration: Gavri’el
Doctrine: Angelic Intermediaries and Spiritual Conflict
Original: גַּבְרִיאֵל (Hebrew, Gavri’el, ‘God is my strength’)
Category: Angelology

Established Bengali form; the angel sent to interpret Daniel’s visions.

Shadrach Meshach Abednego

Approved rendering: শদ্রক, মৈশক, অবেদনগো
Transliteration: Shadrakh, Meshakh, Aved-Nego
Doctrine: Faithfulness under Persecution
Original: שַׁדְרַךְ, מֵישַׁךְ, עֲבֵד־נְגוֹ (Hebrew/Babylonian court names)
Category: Proper Names

Established Bengali forms of the Babylonian court names given to Daniel’s three companions.

Library content is free and openly licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — share and adapt it for non-commercial use, with attribution to tri-bible.ai.