Core Glossary

Core Glossary — Ezra (English → Bengali)

Part A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (No Change)

Term	Bengali	Risk (baseline)	Ezra chapters where it recurs	Notes on Ezra usage
god	ঈশ্বর	Critical	1–10 (pervasive)	Reserved exclusively for the true God; contrast with new দেবতা entry for pagan gods (Ezra 1:7).
israel	ইস্রায়েল	Medium	1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10	Covenant people/nation, as in baseline.
holy	পবিত্র	High	8 (vessels), 9 (holy seed)	Baseline restricts this to persons/Spirit; Ezra extends its use to consecrated objects (vessels) — same underlying set-apart-for-God concept.
covenant	নিয়ম	High	10 (also implicit throughout)	Reused directly for covenant-making/renewal in ch.10.
law	ব্যবস্থা	High	7, 10	”Law of Moses” = মোশির ব্যবস্থা. NEVER ধর্ম, per baseline Critical rule.
prophet	ভাববাদী	Low	5 (Haggai, Zechariah)	Established term reused without change.
prophecy	ভাববাণী	Low	1 (Jeremiah’s word fulfilled)	Reused for the fulfillment-of-prophecy motif in 1:1.
gentiles	পরজাতি	Medium	(thematically related to ch.9–10)	Related concept to the new “peoples of the land” entry below but NOT identical — see Part B note.
sin	পাপ	High	9, 10	Pair with new “confession”/“guilt” entries.
providence	ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা	High	1, 7, 8 (thematic)	Underlies “hand of the LORD” idiom and Cyrus’s stirring; kept as a distinct idiom in-text, cross-referenced in teaching notes.
election	ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন	High	1 (remnant)	Cross-referenced with new “remnant” entry; not textually identical, thematically linked.
thanksgiving	ধন্যবাদ	Low	3 (dedication), 8	Reused for praise/blessing responses.
sanctification	পবিত্রীকরণ	High	(thematic, Temple restoration)	Underlies “Restoration of Temple Worship” doctrine generally.

Part B — New Terms Required for Ezra (Not in Baseline)

Term (English)	Original (Heb./Aram.)	Transliteration	Category	Risk	Bengali term	Chapters	Definition	Translation notes
LORD (covenant name YHWH)	יְהוָה	Yahweh	God	Critical	সদাপ্রভু	1–10 (pervasive)	The personal covenant name of God, distinct from generic “God”/“Lord” titles.	New TM entry. Distinct from baseline’s প্রভু (κύριος, used for Christ in Romans). Never interchange the two; সদাপ্রভু names God specifically as Israel’s covenant-keeping God acting in history.
God of heaven	אֱלֹהֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם	Elohei ha-Shamayim	God	High	স্বর্গের ঈশ্বর	1, 5, 6, 7	Court/diplomatic title for YHWH, notably used even by pagan Persian officials.	Requires a translator note clarifying this is Ezra’s record of a pagan king’s own idiom, not shared theology between Yahweh and Persian religion.
gods (pagan, plural)	אֱלֹהִים (pl., of false gods) / אֱלָהִין (Aram.)	elohim / elahin	God/Contrast	Critical	দেবতা	1, (implicit backdrop in 4–6)	False deities of the nations, explicitly contrasted with the true ঈশ্বর.	NEVER render as ঈশ্বর. This is the book’s central monotheistic-contrast device (1:7, “house of his gods”).
temple / house of the LORD	בֵּית יְהוָה / בַּיִת	beit YHWH / bayit	Temple	High	মন্দির	1, 2, 3, 5, 6 (pervasive)	The literal, physical Jerusalem Temple building.	Does NOT contradict baseline’s rejection of মন্দির for “church” (ekklesia) — different referent (a literal building, not the assembly of believers). Requires strong theological framing distinguishing exclusive, aniconic worship of the one true God from Hindu temple ritual (image veneration, multiple deities) given the identical building-word.
decree / edict	כְּתָב (Heb.) / פִּתְגָם, דָּתָא (Aram.)	ketav / pitgam / data	Governance	Medium	রাজ-আদেশ	1, 4, 5, 6, 7	An official royal proclamation or ruling.	Keep distinct from “the Law” (ব্যবস্থা) even when both appear in the same decree (e.g., Artaxerxes’ decree in ch.7 both issues a রাজ-আদেশ and authorizes enforcement of মোশির ব্যবস্থা).
spirit (human disposition)	רוּחַ	ruach	Anthropology	High	মন	1	A person’s inner will/disposition, as stirred by God — NOT the Holy Spirit, NOT Hindu ātman.	Critical distinction from baseline’s পবিত্র আত্মা. Never render human ruach as আত্মা in this book; use মন throughout (1:1, 1:5).
freewill offering	נְדָבָה	nedavah	Worship	High	স্বেচ্ছাদান	1, 2, 8	A voluntary, uncommanded gift.	Root দান risks Hindu merit-generating দান association; pair with translator note on grace-motivated (not merit-earning) giving.
vessels (temple implements)	כְּלִי	keli	Worship	Medium	পাত্র	1, 5, 6, 7, 8	Sacred or general-purpose containers/implements; in context, consecrated Temple objects.	Combine with reused পবিত্র when describing their consecrated status (8:28).
priest	כֹּהֵן	kohen	Church/Office	High	যাজক	1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10	The Aaronic/Levitical mediatorial office.	NEVER পুরোহিত (Hindu Brahmin priest; caste-based, fee-based ritual officiant). Consistent with existing Bengali Christian Bible tradition.
Levite	לֵוִי	Levi / Leviyim	Church/Office	Low	লেবীয়	1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10	The tribe set apart for Temple support service.	Established transliteration; no risk beyond consistency.
Nethinim / temple servants	נְתִינִים	Netinim	Church/Office	Low	মন্দিরের সেবক	2, 7, 8	A class of (likely non-Israelite-descended) Temple service-workers.	Render as service role, not as “slaves,” to avoid caste/servitude misreadings.
remnant / survivor	שְׁאָר (root) / נִשְׁאָר	nish’ar	Salvation/Restoration	High	অবশিষ্ট লোক	1, 9	Those who remain/survive exile, preserved by God for restoration.	Cross-references baseline’s ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন (election) and Romans 11:5’s remnant-by-grace argument; keep terminologically distinct from that entry while noting the thematic link in teaching material.
exile(s) / captivity	גּוֹלָה	golah	History	Medium	নির্বাসন / নির্বাসিত লোক	1, 2, 8, 9, 10	The historical Babylonian deportation and its resulting community.	Typological (not lexical) resonance with পরিত্রাণ (salvation); keep the two terms distinct — নির্বাসন is a historical-political category, not the soteriological one.
altar	מִזְבֵּחַ	mizbeach	Worship	High	যজ্ঞবেদি	3	The place of sacrifice, rebuilt before the Temple itself.	Strong Vedic Hindu যজ্ঞ (fire-sacrifice ritual) collision; requires standing translator note distinguishing the OT sacrificial system from Hindu multi-deity ritual sacrifice.
burnt offering	עֹלָה	olah	Worship	High	হোমবলি	3, 6, 8	A wholly-consumed sacrifice symbolizing total consecration.	হোম (Vedic fire-ritual) + বলি (sacrifice, esp. animal sacrifice to deities like Kali) is the single highest syncretism-collision term in the book; requires the same standing translator note as “altar.”
sacrifice (general)	זֶבַח / קָרְבָּן	zevach / qorban	Worship	High	বলিদান / নৈবেদ্য	3, 6, 8	General OT sacrificial offering vocabulary.	Same collision risk as burnt offering; নৈবেদ্য (a devotional-offering term, also used in Hindu bhakti practice) may sometimes be gentler than বলিদান depending on context — flag for native-speaker judgment per occurrence.
Feast of Tabernacles/Booths	חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת	Chag ha-Sukkot	Worship/Calendar	Medium	কুটিরনিবাসের পর্ব	3	Pilgrimage festival commemorating the wilderness wandering.	Low syncretism risk; requires background explanation for OT-illiterate readers.
dedication (of Temple)	חֲנֻכָּה	chanukkah	Worship	Medium	প্রতিষ্ঠা-উৎসব	6	Formal consecration/inauguration of a building for sacred use.	Distinguish from the later Jewish festival Hanukkah (different historical referent) via footnote if the transliterated form is ever used elsewhere in the curriculum.
Passover	פֶּסַח	Pesach	Worship/Calendar	Medium	নিস্তারপর্ব	6	The exodus-commemorating festival.	Established Bengali Bible term; reuse consistently with Exodus/Gospel curricula.
scribe	סֹפֵר	sofer	Office/Scripture	High	শাস্ত্রজ্ঞ	7	A professional expert in the text and interpretation of Scripture.	Avoid any ধর্ম-compound (e.g., ধর্মশাস্ত্রবিদ), consistent with baseline’s Critical rule against ধর্ম for Law/righteousness contexts.
hand of the LORD (idiom)	יַד־יְהוָה	yad-YHWH	Providence	High	সদাপ্রভুর হাত	7, 8	Idiom for God’s active, favorable, empowering presence.	Preserve as a fixed idiom, unvaried across occurrences (7:6, 7:9, 7:28, 8:18, 8:22, 8:31).
fasting	צוֹם	tzom	Piety	Medium	উপবাস	8	Abstention from food as an act of humility/petition.	Also the standard term for Hindu religious fasting (vrata/upvas); note distinguishing petitionary dependence from merit-generating vow recommended.
confession (of sin)	הִתְוַדּוֹת / יָדָה	hitvadot / yadah	Repentance	High	পাপ স্বীকার	9, 10	Verbal, often public, acknowledgment of sin/guilt before God.	Pairs with baseline’s reused পাপ; new entry required as baseline had no direct “confession” term.
guilt / iniquity	עָוֹן / אַשְׁמָה	avon / ashmah	Repentance	High	অপরাধ	9	Moral/covenantal guilt before God.	NEVER অধর্ম (rejected in baseline’s sin entry for karma/impurity overtones).
holy seed	זֶרַע הַקֹּדֶשׁ	zera ha-qodesh	Separation	High	পবিত্র বংশ	9	The covenant community’s set-apart lineage/identity.	Requires framing as covenantal/religious distinctiveness, not ethnic or caste purity — high risk of caste-endogamy misreading in Bengali context.
peoples of the land / intermarriage	עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֹת	amei ha-aratzot	Separation	High	দেশীয় জাতি / মিশ্র বিবাহ	9, 10	The surrounding non-covenant peoples and the resulting intermarriages.	Related to, but not identical with, baseline’s পরজাতি (Gentiles as a NT missiological category); here the concern is specifically syncretistic religious assimilation through marriage, a narrower OT-specific concept.
assembly / congregation	קָהָל	qahal	Church/Community	Medium	মণ্ডলী	10	The formally gathered covenant community.	Careful extension of baseline’s NT ekklesia term to its OT root concept; flag for native-speaker review for naturalness.
governor	פֶּחָה	pechah	Governance	Low	শাসনকর্তা	5, 6	Persian provincial administrative office.	No significant doctrinal risk.
elders	שָׂבִים / זְקֵנִים	savim / zeqenim	Governance	Low	প্রাচীনবর্গ	5, 10	Community leadership figures.	No significant doctrinal risk.
prince / leader	נָשִׂיא	nasi	Governance	Low	নেতা	1	A leader of a tribe/people, not necessarily royal.	Avoid রাজকুমার, which overstates royal-blood claim.
adversary / opponent	צַר	tzar	Conflict	Low	বিরোধী	4	Political/religious opponents of the rebuilding project.	No significant doctrinal risk beyond narrative context.
trembling (at covenant renewal)	רָעַד	ra’ad	Repentance	Low-Medium	কম্পিত হওয়া	10	Physical/emotional trembling before God’s holiness and the weight of sin.	No significant doctrinal risk.
put away (foreign wives)	הוֹצִיא	hotzi	Separation	High	(বিদেশী স্ত্রীদের) ত্যাগ করা	10	The concrete covenantal remedy of dissolving intermarriages.	Pastorally sensitive; flag for theologian/native-speaker review on historical framing and pastoral care for affected persons named in 10:44.

Part C — Consistency Notes for Phase 2

All Part A terms must be pulled from the existing translation_memory.json without modification; do not create duplicate keys.
All Part B terms must be added to translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 segment translation of Ezra begins, per the version-increment protocol already defined in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
The ঈশ্বর / দেবতা distinction (Part B, “gods (pagan, plural)”) is the single most consistency-critical new rule in this curriculum and should be added to the forbidden-substitution list logic already used for other Critical terms.
মন (for human ruach) vs. আত্মা (reserved for Holy Spirit) is the second consistency-critical new rule; automated validation should flag any occurrence of আত্মা in Ezra 1:1, 1:5, or any future “spirit of [a person]” phrase for reviewer confirmation.
Wherever যজ্ঞবেদি or হোমবলি occur, the segment should be auto-flagged for human theologian review (parallel to the Critical/High auto-escalation rules already defined in the baseline instruction set), given the unusually strong regional syncretism risk identified above.

Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Monotheistic Contrast: True God vs. Gods of the Nations
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: אֱלֹהִים
Category: God

ঈশ্বর is the settled Bengali Christian standard, reserved exclusively for the true God throughout Ezra; never applied to Cyrus’s, Nebuchadnezzar’s, or any pagan deity (see gods_pagan). Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for the Ezra curriculum.

Lord Yhwh

Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভু
Transliteration: Sodaprovu
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Rejected alternatives: প্রভু, ঈশ্বর (generic, in this specific covenant-name role)
Original: יְהוָה
Category: God

NEW. The personal covenant name YHWH, distinct from baseline’s প্রভু (κύριος, used for Christ in Romans). Never interchange. Ezra 1:1 depends on the reader recognizing this as the same named, covenant-keeping God who spoke through Jeremiah, now fulfilling his own word; collapsing to generic ঈশ্বর erases that specificity.

Gods Pagan

Approved rendering: দেবতা
Transliteration: debta
Doctrine: Monotheistic Contrast: True God vs. Gods of the Nations
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বর
Original: אֱלֹהָיו / אֱלָהִין
Category: God

NEW. False deities of the nations (“the house of his gods,” 1:7), explicitly contrasted with ঈশ্বর. MUST NEVER be rendered ঈশ্বর. This is the single most consistency-critical fence in the book; treat any occurrence of ঈশ্বর for this referent as an absolute forbidden substitution.

High Risk Terms

Holy

Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Original: קֹדֶשׁ
Category: Sanctification

Set apart for God and morally pure. Ezra extends the baseline’s person/Spirit-focused usage to consecrated Temple vessels (8:28) as a natural extension of the same set-apart-for-God concept. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for the Ezra curriculum.

Covenant

Approved rendering: নিয়ম
Transliteration: niyom
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি, অঙ্গীকার
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant

Relational covenant bond, more than a legal contract. Ezra 10:3’s covenant renewal must retain this relational sense, not read as a bare legal agreement to divorce foreign wives, detached from restored relationship with God. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for the Ezra curriculum.

Law

Approved rendering: ব্যবস্থা
Transliteration: bebostha
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, শরিয়ত, নিয়ম
Original: תּוֹרָה / דָּתָא (Aram.)
Category: Covenant

The Mosaic law. NEVER ধর্ম or শরিয়ত. Must never compound with ধর্ম even in Aramaic decree contexts (7:12ff) where দָּתָא appears alongside God’s Law. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for the Ezra curriculum.

Sin

Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Confession and Corporate Repentance
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Original: חַטָּאָה / חֵטְא
Category: Sin

Moral transgression before a personal God, distinct from ritual impurity or karma. Pairs with new guilt_iniquity and confession entries in Ezra 9-10. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for the Ezra curriculum.

Providence

Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা
Transliteration: Ishshorer porichalona
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি
Original: פָּעַל / הֵעִיר (thematic, cf. Rom 8:28 usage)
Category: God

God’s personal, purposive governance of all things; underlies Cyrus’s decree (1:1) and the hand-of-the-LORD idiom, though the idiom is kept as its own fixed phrase in-text. Never ভাগ্য/নিয়তি. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for the Ezra curriculum.

Election

Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন
Transliteration: Ishshorer monownoyon
Doctrine: Remnant Theology
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি, কর্মফল
Original: בָּחַר (thematic root)
Category: Salvation

God’s sovereign, personal choice. Thematically linked to, but kept terminologically distinct from, the new remnant entry, so Ezra’s OT historical remnant is not silently collapsed into NT individual predestination. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for the Ezra curriculum.

Sanctification

Approved rendering: পবিত্রীকরণ
Transliteration: pobitrikoron
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Rejected alternatives: শুদ্ধিকরণ
Original: קִדּוּשׁ (thematic)
Category: Sanctification

The ongoing process of making persons and objects holy for God’s service, underlying the Temple-restoration project thematically. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for the Ezra curriculum.

God Of Heaven

Approved rendering: স্বর্গের ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Shorger Ishshor
Doctrine: Monotheistic Contrast: True God vs. Gods of the Nations
Original: אֱלֹהֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם
Category: God

NEW. Court-diplomatic title for YHWH placed in pagan Persian mouths (Cyrus, Darius, Artaxerxes). Requires a standing translator note clarifying this is Ezra’s record of a pagan king’s own idiom, not shared theology between YHWH and Persian/Zoroastrian religion.

Word Of The Lord

Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভুর বচন
Transliteration: Sodaprovur bochon
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: বচন (bare, without সদাপ্রভুর)
Original: דְּבַר־יְהוָה
Category: Covenant

NEW. Jeremiah’s specific prediction fulfilled by Cyrus’s decree (1:1). Must always retain সদাপ্রভু as grammatical subject/possessor and connect visibly to ভাববাণী, so the fulfillment link is not lost or read as generic folk-fortune fulfillment.

Peoples Of The Land

Approved rendering: দেশীয় জাতি
Transliteration: deshiyo jati
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: বিদেশী, পরজাতি (as a direct substitute)
Original: עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֹת
Category: Separation

NEW. The surrounding non-covenant peoples whose intermarriage with returnees threatened covenant distinctiveness (ch.9-10). Distinct from পরজাতি (NT missiological Gentiles); names a specific historical group and a specific syncretism danger through marriage, not a category to be evangelized in the NT sense.

Guilt Iniquity

Approved rendering: অপরাধ
Transliteration: oporadh
Doctrine: Covenant Unfaithfulness and Guilt
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম
Original: עָוֹן / אַשְׁמָה
Category: Repentance

NEW. Moral/covenantal guilt before God, piled up in Ezra’s prayer (9:6-15). NEVER অধর্ম (already rejected in baseline’s sin entry for karma/impurity overtones). Pair with reused পাপ where the act, rather than its accumulated guilt, is meant.

Confession

Approved rendering: পাপ স্বীকার
Transliteration: pap shikar
Doctrine: Confession and Corporate Repentance
Original: הִתְוַדּוֹת / יָדָה
Category: Repentance

NEW; baseline had no direct confession term since Romans stages no corporate confession scene. Must convey verbal, corporate, public acknowledgment before a personal God (9:6-15, 10:1), never a private karma-discharging admission or ritual purification act.

Hand Of The Lord

Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভুর হাত
Transliteration: Sodaprovur hat
Doctrine: Providence Expressed as the Hand of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি
Original: יַד־יְהוָה
Category: God

NEW. Fixed idiom for God’s active, favorable, empowering presence with Ezra (7:6, 7:9, 7:28, 8:18, 8:22, 8:31). Must be preserved unvaried across every occurrence; softening toward ভাগ্য/নিয়তি converts personal divine empowerment into generic luck-language.

Remnant

Approved rendering: অবশিষ্ট লোক
Transliteration: obosishto lok
Doctrine: Remnant Theology
Original: שְׁאָר / נִשְׁאָר
Category: Salvation

NEW. Those who remain/survive exile, graciously preserved by God for restoration (1:4, 9:8, 9:13-15). Load-bearing cross-canonical link to Romans 11:5’s remnant-by-grace, but kept lexically distinct from ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন to avoid collapsing OT historical remnant into NT individual predestination.

Temple

Approved rendering: মন্দির
Transliteration: mondir
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Original: בֵּית יְהוָה / בַּיִת
Category: Temple

NEW. The literal, physical Jerusalem Temple. Does not contradict baseline’s rejection of মন্দির for NT ekklesia/মণ্ডলী (different referent). Because মন্দির is the identical ordinary Bengali word for a Hindu temple with image veneration and multiple deities, every occurrence requires theological framing distinguishing exclusive, aniconic worship of the one true God.

Altar

Approved rendering: যজ্ঞবেদি
Transliteration: joggobedi
Doctrine: The Sacrificial Worship System
Original: מִזְבֵּחַ
Category: Worship

NEW. The place of sacrifice, rebuilt before the Temple itself (3:2-6). যজ্ঞ specifically denotes the Vedic Hindu fire-sacrifice ritual, a rich living category in Bengali Hindu practice. Requires a standing translator note distinguishing a single altar to the one covenant God from the Vedic system’s many ritual fires to many devas, at every occurrence.

Burnt Offering

Approved rendering: হোমবলি
Transliteration: hombali
Doctrine: The Sacrificial Worship System
Original: עֹלָה
Category: Worship

NEW. A wholly-consumed sacrifice (3:2-6, 6:9-10, 8:35). হোম (Vedic fire-oblation) + বলি (Bengali for sacrifice, strongly associated with Hindu animal sacrifice, e.g. Kali-puja) is the single highest syncretism-collision term in the book; requires the same standing translator note as altar at every occurrence; auto-flag for theologian review.

Sacrifice General

Approved rendering: বলিদান
Transliteration: bolidan
Doctrine: The Sacrificial Worship System
Rejected alternatives: নৈবেদ্য (context-dependent alternate, not a rejection)
Original: זֶבַח / קָרְבָּן
Category: Worship

NEW. General OT sacrificial-offering vocabulary distinct from burnt_offering (6:17, 8:35). Carries the same collision risk; নৈবেদ্য (also used in Hindu bhakti devotional practice) may read gentler in some contexts — apply per-occurrence native-speaker judgment, defaulting to বলিদান when the sacrificial character must stay explicit.

Freewill Offering

Approved rendering: স্বেচ্ছাদান
Transliteration: shwecchadan
Doctrine: Voluntary, Grace-Motivated Giving
Rejected alternatives: দান (bare)
Original: נְדָבָה
Category: Worship

NEW coinage/compound. A voluntary, uncommanded gift (1:4, 1:6, 2:68-69, 8:28). The root দান is heavily associated with Hindu merit-generating (punya-producing) religious charity; স্বেচ্ছা- mitigates but does not eliminate this. Standing translator note distinguishing gratitude-motivated giving from merit-earning দান is required at every recurrence.

Priest

Approved rendering: যাজক
Transliteration: jajok
Doctrine: Priesthood and the Levitical Office
Rejected alternatives: পুরোহিত
Original: כֹּהֵן
Category: Church

NEW. The Aaronic/Levitical mediatorial office. NEVER পুরোহিত — the standard Bengali word for a Hindu (typically Brahmin) ritual officiant performing puja for a fee within a caste-based hereditary system; using it would import caste hierarchy and image-veneration ritual onto the Aaronic priesthood. Consistent across all ten chapters.

Scribe

Approved rendering: শাস্ত্রজ্ঞ
Transliteration: shastrogyo
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Rejected alternatives: পণ্ডিত, ধর্মগুরু, ধর্মশাস্ত্রবিদ
Original: סֹפֵר
Category: Office

NEW. Ezra’s introductory professional title (7:6), before his priestly lineage is even given. Avoid any ধর্ম-compound, consistent with the baseline’s Critical rule against ধর্ম for Law/righteousness contexts. Pair consistently with reused ব্যবস্থা.

Law Of Moses

Approved rendering: মোশির ব্যবস্থা
Transliteration: Moshir bebostha
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Rejected alternatives: মোশির ধর্মশাস্ত্র
Original: תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה
Category: Covenant

NEW compound of reused ব্যবস্থা with established proper name মোশি. The specific body of revealed instruction Ezra teaches (7:6, 7:10, 7:25-26, 10:3). Never compound with ধর্ম.

Holy Seed

Approved rendering: পবিত্র বংশ
Transliteration: pobitro bongsho
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Original: זֶרַע הַקֹּדֶשׁ
Category: Separation

NEW. The covenant community’s set-apart lineage/identity (9:2), the most theologically loaded phrase in ch.9. Must be framed as covenant/religious distinctiveness, NOT ethnic or caste purity — বংশ carries strong caste-endogamy resonance in Bengali (Hindu gotra/caste; Muslim biradari norms). Mandatory translator note at every occurrence.

Put Away Wives

Approved rendering: (বিদেশী স্ত্রীদের) ত্যাগ করা
Transliteration: (bideshi stridher) tyag kora
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: তালাক দেওয়া (as a casual default)
Original: הוֹצִיא (le-hotzi nashim)
Category: Separation

NEW. The concrete covenantal remedy of dissolving intermarriages (ch.10). Pastorally sensitive: the human cost to affected women and children (10:44) is real. Flag for theologian/native-speaker review on historical framing; never present as a timeless universal marriage principle.

Spirit Human Disposition

Approved rendering: মন
Transliteration: mon
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Rejected alternatives: আত্মা
Original: רוּחַ
Category: Anthropology

NEW. A person’s inner will/disposition stirred by God — Cyrus (1:1) and the returning leaders (1:5) — NOT the Holy Spirit. Rendering as আত্মা would falsely imply the Holy Spirit indwells a pagan king and would import the Hindu ātman concept. Use মন consistently; flag any occurrence of আত্মা in these contexts for reviewer correction.

Medium Risk Terms

Israel

Approved rendering: ইস্রায়েল
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant

Established proper-name form for the covenant people. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for the Ezra curriculum.

Gentiles

Approved rendering: পরজাতি
Transliteration: porojati
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: বিদেশী
Original: עַמִּים / גּוֹיִם (thematic)
Category: Church

Non-Jewish peoples generally. Thematically related to, but NOT identical with, the new peoples_of_the_land entry, which names a narrower OT-specific syncretism concern. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for the Ezra curriculum.

God Of Israel

Approved rendering: ইস্রায়েলের ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Israeler Ishshor
Doctrine: Monotheistic Contrast: True God vs. Gods of the Nations
Original: אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: God

NEW. Compound of two already-established terms; reasserts exclusive covenant identity even inside a pagan king’s decree (1:3). No new risk beyond the individual terms’ entries.

Vessels

Approved rendering: পাত্র
Transliteration: patro
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Original: כְּלִי
Category: Worship

NEW. Sacred or general-purpose containers; in 1:7-11 and 8:24-30, the consecrated Temple vessels looted by Babylon and later returned. Combine with reused পবিত্র when consecrated status is doctrinally in view (8:28); pair with সদাপ্রভুর গৃহের as needed for historical specificity (1:7).

Feast Of Tabernacles

Approved rendering: কুটিরনিবাসের পর্ব
Transliteration: kutirniboaser porbo
Doctrine: Festival Calendar and Covenant Memory
Rejected alternatives: সুক্কোত (transliteration)
Original: חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת
Category: Worship

NEW. Pilgrimage festival commemorating the wilderness wandering, resumed at 3:4. Low syncretism risk but historically opaque without a background footnote for OT-illiterate readers.

Dedication

Approved rendering: প্রতিষ্ঠা-উৎসব
Transliteration: protishtha-utshob
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Rejected alternatives: হানুক্কা (transliteration)
Original: חֲנֻכָּה / חֲנֻכַּת
Category: Worship

NEW. Formal consecration/inauguration of the completed second Temple (6:16). Deliberately paraphrased rather than transliterated as ‘Hanukkah’ to avoid false-friend conflation with the later, historically distinct Jewish festival.

Passover

Approved rendering: নিস্তারপর্ব
Transliteration: nistarporbo
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Original: פֶּסַח
Category: Worship

NEW to this TM file, but reuses the term already established across the wider curriculum’s Exodus/Gospel materials (6:19-22). Reuse consistently, do not re-coin.

Fasting

Approved rendering: উপবাস
Transliteration: upobash
Doctrine: Fasting and Prayer-Dependence
Original: צוֹם
Category: Faith

NEW. Abstention from food as an act of humility/petition (8:21-23). উপবাস is also the standard term for Hindu vrata/upvas religious fasting, often vow- or merit-linked; a brief translator note distinguishing petitionary dependence from merit-earning vow-fasting is advisable.

Assembly

Approved rendering: মণ্ডলী
Transliteration: mondoli
Doctrine: Covenant Assembly and Community Response
Original: קָהָל
Category: Church

NEW usage extending baseline’s NT ekklesia term (মণ্ডলী) to its OT root concept, the gathered covenant community (10:1, 10:7-14). Native-speaker review required to confirm this reads as ‘gathered covenant assembly,’ not anachronistically as a NT institutional church.

Decree Edict

Approved rendering: রাজ-আদেশ
Transliteration: raj-adesh
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Original: כְּתָב (Heb.) / פִּתְגָם, דָּתָא (Aram.)
Category: Governance

NEW. An official royal proclamation (ch.1, 4, 5, 6, 7). Keep distinct from মোশির ব্যবস্থা (the Law) even when both appear in the same decree, e.g. Artaxerxes’ decree (7:12ff).

Genealogical Register

Approved rendering: বংশ-তালিকা
Transliteration: bongsho-talika
Doctrine: Genealogical Legitimacy and Covenant Continuity
Original: סֵפֶר הַיַּחַשׂ
Category: Covenant

NEW. Official clan/family registry establishing covenant legitimacy for priestly and Temple service (ch.2, 10:18-44). বংশ carries a mild Hindu caste/gotra resonance but is standard and unavoidable in Bengali Bible tradition for genealogical lists; native-speaker confirmation recommended.

Weeping And Shouting

Approved rendering: কান্না ও আনন্দধ্বনি
Transliteration: kanna o anandodhoni
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Original: בֹּכִים…תְרוּעָה
Category: Worship

NEW. The mixed emotional response at the foundation-laying (3:12-13). Preserve both emotions distinctly; do not resolve the tension into only-joy or only-grief.

Go Up Return

Approved rendering: যাত্রা করে যাওয়া
Transliteration: jatra kore jaoya
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Original: עָלָה
Category: History

NEW. Technical term for pilgrimage/return to Jerusalem (1:3, 1:11, 2:1, 7:6-9, 8:1), echoing the Exodus pattern. Plain motion verb suffices for translation; flag the ascent typology in teaching notes.

Kingdom Earthly

Approved rendering: রাজ্য
Transliteration: rajyo
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Original: מַלְכוּת
Category: Governance

NEW. Cyrus’s literal Persian Empire (1:1, 4, 6, 7), distinct from the doctrinal NT ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য (baseline). Standing translator note required distinguishing an earthly, given-and-taken kingdom from God’s eschatological reign.

Exile Captivity

Approved rendering: নির্বাসন
Transliteration: nirbashon
Doctrine: Remnant Theology
Original: גּוֹלָה
Category: History

NEW. The historical Babylonian deportation and, collectively, the exiled community (throughout). Bears a typological, not lexical, resonance with baseline’s পরিত্রাণ; keep distinct — a historical-political category, not the soteriological one.

Low Risk Terms

Prophet

Approved rendering: ভাববাদী
Transliteration: bhabbadi
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতিষী
Original: נָבִיא
Category: Covenant

God’s spokesperson; applies to Haggai and Zechariah in Ezra 5. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for the Ezra curriculum.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: ভাববাণী
Transliteration: bhabbani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: গণনা
Original: נְבוּאָה
Category: Covenant

God-inspired declaration; underlies Ezra 1:1’s fulfillment-of-Jeremiah motif. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for the Ezra curriculum.

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: dhonnobad
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Original: תּוֹדָה / הוֹדָיָה
Category: Faith

Standard term for praise/blessing responses at the dedication (ch.3, 8). Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for the Ezra curriculum.

Unleavened Bread

Approved rendering: তাড়ীশূন্য রুটি
Transliteration: tarishunyo ruti
Doctrine: Festival Calendar and Covenant Memory
Original: מַצּוֹת
Category: Worship

NEW. Bread made without yeast, eaten during Passover week (6:22). Low doctrinal risk; standard descriptive term.

Levite

Approved rendering: লেবীয়
Transliteration: Lebiyo
Doctrine: Priesthood and the Levitical Office
Original: לֵוִי
Category: Church

NEW. The tribe set apart for Temple support service. Established transliteration; no risk beyond consistency (ch.1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10).

Nethinim

Approved rendering: মন্দিরের সেবক
Transliteration: mondirer shebok
Doctrine: Priesthood and the Levitical Office
Rejected alternatives: মন্দিরের দাস
Original: נְתִינִים
Category: Church

NEW. A class of, likely non-Israelite-descended, Temple service-workers (ch.2, 7, 8). Render as a functional service role, not ‘slaves,’ to avoid importing a caste/untouchable-servant reading.

Governor

Approved rendering: শাসনকর্তা
Transliteration: shashonkorta
Doctrine: Opposition and Perseverance in Rebuilding
Original: פֶּחָה
Category: Governance

NEW. Persian provincial administrative office, e.g. Tattenai (ch.5-6). No significant doctrinal risk.

Elders

Approved rendering: প্রাচীনবর্গ
Transliteration: prachinborgo
Doctrine: Opposition and Perseverance in Rebuilding
Original: שָׂבִים / זְקֵנִים
Category: Governance

NEW. Local Jewish community leadership figures (ch.5, 10). No significant doctrinal risk.

Prince Leader

Approved rendering: নেতা
Transliteration: neta
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: রাজকুমার
Original: נָשִׂיא
Category: Governance

NEW. Sheshbazzar’s title over the returning community (1:8). Avoid রাজকুমার, which overstates a Davidic royal-blood claim not made by the text.

Adversary

Approved rendering: বিরোধী
Transliteration: birodhi
Doctrine: Opposition and Perseverance in Rebuilding
Original: צַר
Category: Conflict

NEW. Political/religious opponents of the rebuilding project (4:1-2). Doctrinal weight is in the narrative framing (religiously mixed peoples opposing exclusive covenant worship), not the word itself.

Treasurer

Approved rendering: কোষাধ্যক্ষ
Transliteration: koshadhyokkho
Doctrine: Historical and Administrative Documentation
Original: גִּזְבָּר
Category: Governance

NEW. Royal financial officer (Mithredath, 1:8). Low doctrinal risk; underscores documented, historically verifiable restoration.

Foundation

Approved rendering: ভিত্তি
Transliteration: bhitti
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Original: יְסוֹד
Category: Temple

NEW. The base/footing of the second Temple, laid as a concrete, dateable act of covenant renewal (3:10-11). Plain construction term, low doctrinal risk.

Trembling

Approved rendering: কম্পিত হওয়া
Transliteration: kompito howa
Doctrine: Confession and Corporate Repentance
Original: רָעַד
Category: Repentance

NEW. Physical trembling of the assembly in heavy rain (10:9), the weight of covenant unfaithfulness felt bodily. Preserve the physical, bodily register rather than abstracting into ‘feeling troubled.‘

Darics Currency

Approved rendering: দারিক
Transliteration: darik
Doctrine: Historical and Administrative Documentation
Original: דַּרְכְּמוֹנִים
Category: History

NEW. Persian gold coin unit recording freewill funding for the Temple’s rebuilding (ch.2). Simple transliterated currency term; minimal doctrinal risk.

Appointed Charged

Approved rendering: দায়িত্ব দেওয়া
Transliteration: dayitto deoya
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Original: פָּקַד
Category: Governance

NEW. God’s specific commissioning of Cyrus to rebuild the Temple (1:2). Keep administrative in register; always co-occur with সদাপ্রভু as grammatical subject so agency reads as divine, not merely Cyrus’s own initiative.

Cyrus

Approved rendering: কোরস
Transliteration: Koresh
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History

NEW proper name. Persian emperor (r. 559-530 BC) whom God sovereignly uses as his instrument of restoration (ch.1, 3, 4, 5, 6). Established transliteration; confirm exact Bengali OT spelling against Bible Society editions before Phase 2 lock.

Jeremiah

Approved rendering: যিরমিয়
Transliteration: Jirmiyo
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy

NEW proper name. The OT prophet whose 70-year exile prediction Cyrus’s decree fulfills (1:1). Established Bengali OT proper-name form, parallel to baseline’s যিশাইয় for Isaiah.

Nebuchadnezzar

Approved rendering: নবূখদনিৎসর
Transliteration: Nevukhadnetzar
Doctrine: Monotheistic Contrast: True God vs. Gods of the Nations

NEW proper name. Babylonian king who destroyed the first Temple, now subordinate to God’s larger plan (1:7). Established Bengali OT transliteration.

Darius

Approved rendering: দারিয়াবস
Transliteration: Dariyabosh
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History

NEW proper name. Persian king who confirms and funds the rebuilding after the archive search (ch.5-6). Established OT proper-name convention.

Artaxerxes

Approved rendering: অর্তক্ষস্ত
Transliteration: Ortokkhosto
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal

NEW proper name. Persian king who commissions Ezra’s mission (ch.7). Established OT proper-name convention.

Zerubbabel

Approved rendering: সরুব্বাবিল
Transliteration: Sorubbabil
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal

NEW proper name. Leadership figure across ch.2-5. Proper name; no translation possible.

Jeshua High Priest

Approved rendering: যেশূয়
Transliteration: Jeshuyo
Doctrine: Priesthood and the Levitical Office

NEW proper name. High priest leading alongside Zerubbabel. Distinguish clearly by context from যীশু (Jesus) despite root similarity; these are historically and textually distinct names, never to be cross-referenced as the same figure.

Sheshbazzar

Approved rendering: শেষবসর
Transliteration: Sheshboshor
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal

NEW proper name. Leader entrusted with the returned Temple vessels (ch.1, 5). Proper name; no translation possible.

Haggai

Approved rendering: হগয়
Transliteration: Hogoy
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal

NEW proper name. Prophet whose preaching re-energizes the stalled rebuilding (ch.5). Established OT prophetic-book name form.

Zechariah Prophet

Approved rendering: সখরিয়
Transliteration: Shokhoriyo
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal

NEW proper name. Prophet alongside Haggai (ch.5). Established OT prophetic-book name form.

Tattenai

Approved rendering: তত্তনয়
Transliteration: Tottonoy
Doctrine: Opposition and Perseverance in Rebuilding

NEW proper name. Persian governor of the province Beyond the River (ch.5-6). Proper name; no translation possible.

Ahava

Approved rendering: আহবা
Transliteration: Ahoba
Doctrine: Fasting and Prayer-Dependence

NEW proper name. River where Ezra proclaims the fast before the journey (ch.8). Place name; no translation possible.

Mithredath

Approved rendering: মিথ্রদাৎ
Transliteration: Mithredath
Doctrine: Historical and Administrative Documentation

NEW proper name. Royal treasurer who counts out the vessels to Sheshbazzar (1:8). Proper name; no translation possible.

Ezra Person

Approved rendering: ইষ্রা
Transliteration: Ishra
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal

NEW proper name. The book’s central figure, introduced as শাস্ত্রজ্ঞ (scribe) before his priestly lineage (7:1-6). Also the established Bengali Bible book-name form; confirm consistent use in both narrative text and citation headers.

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