Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — Philippians — English → Bengali
Purpose
This glossary catalogs every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by the curriculum’s eight named doctrines plus a supporting-vocabulary section. Terms marked BASELINE REUSE must be applied with the EXACT Bengali rendering recorded in the Romans translation_memory.json; no deviation is permitted. Terms marked NEW TERM are proposed here for the first time and must be added to translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 translation begins, with the risk tier recorded below.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions exactly:
- Critical — Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — Human theologian review required.
- Medium — Native speaker review recommended.
- Low — Automated review sufficient.
Doctrine 1: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
| English term | Greek | Transliteration | Bengali rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| form of God | μορφὴ θεοῦ | morphē theou | ঈশ্বরের রূপ | NEW TERM | Critical | 2 | রূপ collides with Hindu avatāra-form imagery (a deity’s various রূপ). Christ’s morphē theou is his own eternal, undivided essence, not one manifest form among several. Same collision family as baseline’s forbidden অবতার for “incarnation.” Mandatory translator note. |
| something to be grasped | ἁρπαγμός | harpagmon | ছিনিয়ে ধরে রাখার বিষয় | NEW TERM | High | 2 | Must preserve that Christ genuinely possessed, but chose not to exploit, equality with God. |
| equal with God | ἴσα θεῷ | isa theō | ঈশ্বরের সমান | NEW TERM (uses BASELINE REUSE ঈশ্বর) | Critical | 2 | Direct assertion of co-equal deity; zero softening permitted. |
| emptied himself (kenosis) | ἐκένωσεν | ekenōsen | নিজেকে শূন্য করলেন | NEW TERM | Critical | 2 | শূন্য/শূন্যতা is the technical term for Buddhist śūnyatā (emptiness doctrine). Must never stand alone; always paired in the same clause with “took the form of a servant” to prevent a metaphysical-void reading. Mandatory translator note every occurrence. |
| form of a servant | μορφὴν δούλου | morphēn doulou | দাসের রূপ | NEW TERM | High | 2 | Reuses রূপ (same word as morphē theou, preserving Paul’s wordplay); direction of the servant-analogy (God became servant of humanity) must be made explicit, reversing the familiar bhakti “-দাস of a deity” naming pattern. |
| likeness of men | ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων | homoiōmati anthrōpōn | মানুষের সদৃশে | NEW TERM | High | 2 | NEVER render with মূর্তি (idol/image); affirms real, full, non-illusory humanity. |
| fashion / outward appearance | σχήματι | schēmati | মানুষের বেশে | NEW TERM | Medium | 2 | Distinguish from μορφή (essential nature); collapsing the two terms risks over- or under-stating either nature. |
| humbled himself | ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτόν | etapeinōsen heauton | নিজেকে নত করলেন | NEW TERM | High | 2 | Concrete historical anchor for নম্রতা (see Doctrine 3). |
| death of the cross | θανάτου σταυροῦ | thanatou staurou | ক্রুশের মৃত্যু | NEW TERM | Critical | 2 | Asserts historical crucifixion the Qur’an denies (4:157). No euphemism permitted. Mandatory theologian review. |
| highly exalted | ὑπερύψωσεν | hyperypsōsen | সর্বোচ্চ স্থানে উন্নীত করলেন | NEW TERM | Medium | 2 | Vindication of pre-existing deity, not conferral of new divine status (guard against an apotheosis-reward reading). |
| name above every name | τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα | to onoma to hyper pan onoma | সকল নামের ঊর্ধ্বে নাম | NEW TERM | Medium | 2 | Echoes the divine Name (Isaiah 45); links directly to the Lordship confession. |
| every knee bow | πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ | pan gony kampsē | প্রত্যেক জন নতজানু হয় | NEW TERM | High | 2 | Echoes Isaiah 45:23 homage owed to YHWH alone, now given to Jesus without qualification. |
| Jesus Christ is Lord | κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | kyrios Iēsous Christos | যীশু খ্রীষ্ট প্রভু | BASELINE REUSE (প্রভু, যীশু, খ্রীষ্ট) | Critical | 2 | Must match Romans 10:9’s “যীশু প্রভু” verbatim per cross-curriculum consistency rule. Mandatory theologian review. |
| transform / conformed to his glorious body | μετασχηματίσει / σύμμορφον τῷ σώματι τῆς δόξης | metaschēmatisei / symmorphon | রূপান্তরিত করবেন / মহিমার শরীরের সমরূপ | NEW TERM (uses BASELINE REUSE মহিমা) | Critical | 3 | Same রূপ-root collision as morphē above; bodily, historical, once-for-all resurrection transformation, never rebirth-cycle imagery. |
Doctrine 2: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
| English term | Greek | Transliteration | Bengali rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| joy / rejoice | χαρά / χαίρω | chara / chairō | আনন্দ | NEW TERM | High | 1, 2, 3, 4 | আনন্দ is also the term for Vedantic ānanda (Brahman-bliss) and central to Bengali bhakti devotional literature. Retained as the established Bengali Christian term (parallel to ঈশ্বর’s stabilization), but must always be anchored concretely to the gospel and to Paul’s actual circumstances, not left as an abstract spiritual-bliss state. |
| chains / bonds | δεσμά | desma | বন্ধন / শিকল | NEW TERM | Medium-High | 1 | The doctrinal move (chains advancing the gospel) must not collapse into a karmic-consequence or fatalistic reading of suffering. |
| suffering | πάθημα / πάσχω | pathēma / paschō | দুঃখভোগ | NEW TERM | Critical | 1, 3 | দুঃখ is the exact term for Buddhist duḥkha (First Noble Truth) and colored by Hindu karma-consequence framing. Philippians’ suffering-for-Christ is a Spirit-given privilege and fellowship with Christ, not a condition to escape nor retribution for past deeds. Mandatory translator note every occurrence — one of the curriculum’s eight named doctrines. |
| fellowship of his sufferings | κοινωνία παθημάτων | koinōnia pathēmatōn | দুঃখভোগে সহভাগিতা | NEW TERM (uses BASELINE REUSE সহভাগিতা) | Critical | 3 | Combines the suffering caution above with fellowship; must be taught as willing participation in Christ’s redemptive suffering, not resignation to karmic fate. |
| boldness | παρρησία | parrēsia | সাহস | NEW TERM | Low | 1 | Standard vocabulary. |
| gain / loss (to die is gain) | κέρδος / ζημία | kerdos / zēmia | লাভ / ক্ষতি | NEW TERM | Low | 1, 3 | Straightforward. |
Doctrine 3: Unity and Humility in the Church
| English term | Greek | Transliteration | Bengali rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mindset / think | φρονέω | phroneō | একই মনোভাব পোষণ করা | NEW TERM | High | 2 | Structural key term of the hymn (vv. 2, 5); must retain volitional/affective force, not mere intellectual agreement. |
| one soul / one accord | σύμψυχοι | sympsychoi | একপ্রাণ | NEW TERM | Medium | 2 | Risk of being heard as Hindu nondual “one Self” metaphysical merger rather than relational unity of distinct persons in love. |
| selfish ambition | ἐριθεία | eritheia | স্বার্থপরতা | NEW TERM | Medium | 2 | Negative foil to the hymn; low lexical risk, doctrinally significant. |
| vain conceit | κενοδοξία | kenodoxia | অহংকার | NEW TERM | Medium | 2 | অহংকার is also the Samkhya/Vedanta technical term for the ego-principle (ahaṃkāra); here it denotes ordinary moral vanity, not a metaphysical faculty. |
| humility | ταπεινοφροσύνη | tapeinophrosynē | নম্রতা | NEW TERM | High | 2 | Central doctrinal virtue; must be anchored to Christ’s concrete historical self-emptying (2:6-8), not framed as ego-transcendence toward impersonal liberation. |
| fellowship of the Spirit | κοινωνία πνεύματος | koinōnia pneumatos | পবিত্র আত্মায় সহভাগিতা | NEW TERM (uses BASELINE REUSE পবিত্র আত্মা, সহভাগিতা) | High | 2 | Must denote shared participation in the personal, divine Holy Spirit, not a generic “shared spirit”/team-spirit feeling. |
| love | ἀγάπη | agapē | প্রেম | NEW TERM | High | 2 | প্রেম is also the central term in Bengali Vaishnava bhakti poetry for divine-romantic love (Radha-Krishna prema-līlā) and in Rabindranath Tagore’s devotional-romantic poetry. As with ঈশ্বর, long Bengali Bible translation tradition (e.g. 1 Corinthians 13) has already stabilized প্রেম as the term for self-giving, non-erotic agapē love; retained on that precedent, but a clarifying note distinguishing covenantal self-giving love from erotic-devotional prema is recommended in teaching contexts, especially for 2:1-2 where love grounds church unity. |
Doctrine 4: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
| English term | Greek | Transliteration | Bengali rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | dikaiosynē | ধার্মিকতা | BASELINE REUSE | Critical | 1, 3 | Reused verbatim from Romans; NEVER ধর্ম. |
| law | νόμος | nomos | ব্যবস্থা | BASELINE REUSE | High | 3 | Reused verbatim from Romans; NEVER ধর্ম or শরিয়ত. |
| faith | πίστις | pistis | বিশ্বাস | BASELINE REUSE | High | 1, 3 | Reused verbatim from Romans; NEVER ঈমান. |
| circumcision | περιτομή | peritomē | ত্বকচ্ছেদ | NEW TERM | Medium | 3 | Distinguish from Islamic khatna/sunnat (different theological meaning); Paul’s own former confidence, now surrendered. |
| rubbish | σκύβαλα | skybala | আবর্জনা | NEW TERM | Low | 3 | Retain the deliberately coarse rhetorical force. |
| knowledge / full knowledge | γνῶσις / ἐπίγνωσις | gnōsis / epignōsis | জ্ঞান (contextually qualified) | NEW TERM | High | 1, 3 | জ্ঞান is the standard term for impersonal, liberating Hindu jñāna (knowledge that dissolves ignorance to attain mokṣa). Here it is always relational, personal knowledge of Christ specifically — always specify the object. |
| power of his resurrection | δύναμις τῆς ἀναστάσεως | dynamis tēs anastaseōs | পুনরুত্থানের সামর্থ্য | BASELINE REUSE (পুনরুত্থান, সামর্থ্য) | Critical | 3 | NEVER পুনর্জন্ম for resurrection; NEVER শক্তি for power. |
| perfect / mature | τέλειος / τετελειώμαι | teleios / teteleiōmai | পরিপূর্ণ / পূর্ণবয়স্ক | NEW TERM | Critical | 3 | NEVER সিদ্ধ (the Hindu/Yogic “perfected adept” term implying self-achieved spiritual attainment) — directly contradicts Paul’s point that he has NOT yet attained. |
Doctrine 5: Contentment in All Circumstances
| English term | Greek | Transliteration | Bengali rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| content / contentment | αὐτάρκης / αὐτάρκεια | autarkēs / autarkeia | সন্তুষ্টি / সন্তুষ্ট | NEW TERM | High | 4 | Shares its field with saṃtoṣa, a classical Yoga Niyama (self-achieved ascetic contentment through detachment). Philippians’ contentment is Christ-dependent, not self-generated; requires a distinguishing teaching note. |
| I have learned the secret | μεμύημαι | memyēmai | আমি শিখেছি | NEW TERM | Critical | 4 | Source term itself draws on Hellenistic mystery-initiation vocabulary; Bengali দীক্ষা (guru-administered esoteric initiation) is an exceptionally close and dangerous parallel. Must render plainly (“I have learned”) with NO দীক্ষা-adjacent or “secret/mystery” vocabulary. Mandatory translator note. |
| the one who strengthens me | ὁ ἐνδυναμῶν με | ho endynamōn me | যিনি আমাকে সামর্থ্য দেন | NEW TERM | Medium | 4 | সামর্থ্য preferred over শক্তি for cross-curriculum consistency with the baseline’s power_of_god forbidden-substitution rule, though a distinct Greek root. |
Doctrine 6: Citizenship in Heaven
| English term | Greek | Transliteration | Bengali rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| conduct yourselves as citizens | πολιτεύεσθε | politeuesthe | নাগরিকের মতো জীবনযাপন করো | NEW TERM | High | 1 | First occurrence of the citizenship motif; sets up 3:20. |
| our citizenship is in heaven | πολίτευμα | politeuma | আমাদের নাগরিকত্ব স্বর্গে | NEW TERM | High | 3 | Frame per the baseline’s kingdom_of_god pattern (sovereign covenantal belonging, not territorial claim); avoid any implication of political disloyalty to one’s earthly nation-state — a live sensitivity in both Bangladesh and West Bengal. |
| Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | ত্রাণকর্তা | NEW TERM | Critical | 3 | Not present in Romans baseline; coined to share the root of established পরিত্রাণ. Must never suggest Christ is one savior-figure among several available avatāras (cf. Krishna in the Gītā), and must not be softened given Islam’s denial of any personal mediating Savior. |
| body of glory | σῶμα τῆς δόξης | sōma tēs doxēs | মহিমার শরীর | BASELINE REUSE (মহিমা) | Medium | 3 | Reuses established glory term. |
Doctrine 7: Partnership in the Gospel
| English term | Greek | Transliteration | Bengali rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| partnership/fellowship in the gospel | κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὑαγγέλιον | koinōnia eis to euangelion | সুসমাচারে সহভাগিতা | BASELINE REUSE (সহভাগিতা, সুসমাচার) | Medium-High | 1 | Must not be flattened into ordinary charitable giving divorced from gospel proclamation (cf. baseline christ_centered_ministry caution). |
| gospel | εὑαγγέλιον | euangelion | সুসমাচার | BASELINE REUSE | High | 1, 2, 4 | Reused verbatim from Romans; NEVER ইঞ্জিল. |
| ministry / service | λειτουργία | leitourgia | সেবাকাজ | NEW TERM | Medium | 2 | Reuses the ministry-vocabulary pattern from Romans’ christ_centered_ministry doctrine. |
| giving and receiving | δόσις καὶ λῆμψις | dosis kai lēmpsis | দান ও গ্রহণ | NEW TERM | Medium | 4 | Concrete financial referent for gospel partnership. |
| fragrant offering, acceptable sacrifice | ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας, θυσία δεκτή | osmē euōdias, thysia dektē | সুগন্ধ, গ্রহণযোগ্য বলিদান | NEW TERM | Medium | 4 | NT metaphor for costly, God-pleasing generosity; distinguish from literal Hindu yajña or Islamic qurbani ritual offerings. |
Doctrine 8: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
| English term | Greek | Transliteration | Bengali rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| press on / pursue | διώκω / ἐπεκτείνομαι | diōkō / epekteinomai | তাড়া করা / দৌড়ে এগিয়ে যাওয়া | NEW TERM | Low-Medium | 3 | Must retain the paradox of grace-grounded effort, not self-generated achievement. |
| goal / prize | σκοπός / βραβεῖον | skopos / brabeion | লক্ষ্য / পুরস্কার | NEW TERM | Medium | 3 | পুরস্কার risks a merit-earned reading (karma-fruit / weighed-deeds reward); teach as the prize of grace-secured hope in Christ. |
| calling | κλῆσις | klēsis | আহ্বান | BASELINE REUSE | High | 3 | Reused verbatim from Romans. |
| work out your salvation | κατεργάζεσθε | katergazesthe | নিজের পরিত্রাণ পূর্ণরূপে কার্যকর করো | BASELINE REUSE (পরিত্রাণ) | High | 2 | κατεργάζομαι = “bring to full effect,” NOT “earn from nothing”; must not contradict the grace/works distinction already Critical/High in the Romans baseline. |
Supporting Vocabulary (Ecclesial and General Terms)
| English term | Greek | Transliteration | Bengali rendering | Status | Risk | Chapters | Risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| servant / slave (of Christ) | δοῦλος | doulos | দাস | NEW TERM | Medium | 1, 2 | Culturally resonant with bhakti “-দাস of a deity” naming; direction of analogy (God becomes servant of humanity in 2:7) must be clarified where relevant. |
| overseer | ἐπίσκοπος | episkopos | অধ্যক্ষ | NEW TERM | Medium | 1 | Recognized, accountable church office, distinct from an individual guru/pir spiritual-authority role. |
| deacon | διάκονος | diakonos | ডিকন / সহকারী সেবক | NEW TERM | Medium | 1 | Recognized office of service; consistent rendering needed for future Pastoral Epistles curricula. |
| grace and peace | χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη | charis kai eirēnē | অনুগ্রহ ও শান্তি | BASELINE REUSE | High / Medium | 1 | Standard Pauline salutation, reused verbatim. |
| day of Christ | ἡμέρα Χριστοῦ | hēmera Christou | খ্রীষ্টের দিন | NEW TERM | Medium | 1 | Eschatological; keep distinct from generic “end times” folk language. |
| fruit of righteousness | καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης | karpos dikaiosynēs | ধার্মিকতার ফল | BASELINE REUSE (ধার্মিকতা) | Medium | 1 | Fruit FLOWING FROM righteousness already granted, not producing it. |
| deliverance / salvation (ambiguous) | σωτηρία | sōtēria | পরিত্রাণ | BASELINE REUSE | Medium (context-elevated) | 1 | Genuine referential ambiguity in 1:19 (temporal release vs. final salvation); flag per Ambiguity Handling rule. |
| shine as lights | φωστῆρες | phōstēres | আলো | NEW TERM | Medium | 2 | Use আলো, not জ্যোতি, for consistency with baseline’s glory-term caution. |
| poured out (offering) | σπένδομαι | spendomai | ঢেলে দেওয়া বলিদানের মতো | NEW TERM | Medium | 2 | Sacrificial self-giving in service, not ritual appeasement of a deity. |
| fellow worker / fellow soldier | σύζυγος / συνεργός / συστρατιώτης | syzygos / synergos / systratiōtēs | সহকর্মী ও সহযোদ্ধা | NEW TERM | Medium | 2 | ”Fellow soldier” carries jihad/holy-war sensitivity in Muslim-majority contexts; frame as shared spiritual labor, not militant conflict. |
| peace of God | εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ | eirēnē tou theou | ঈশ্বরের শান্তি | BASELINE REUSE | Medium | 4 | Standard reuse. |
| prayer / petition / thanksgiving | προσευχή / δέησις / εὐχαριστία | proseuchē / deēsis / eucharistia | প্রার্থনা / নিবেদন / ধন্যবাদ | NEW TERM (ধন্যবাদ BASELINE REUSE) | Medium | 4 | Distinguish from puja ritual worship and shrine-based pir intercession. |
| virtue / excellence | ἀρετή | aretē | সদ্গুণ | NEW TERM | Low | 4 | Mild resonance with dharmic “guṇa” language but low practical risk; Paul’s only NT use of this Hellenistic philosophical term. |
| God will supply every need | πληρώσει πᾶσαν χρείαν | plērōsei pasan chreian | ঈশ্বর সমস্ত অভাব পূরণ করবেন | NEW TERM | Low-Medium | 4 | Consistent with baseline’s providence doctrine (personal governance, never fate/karma). |
Summary Statistics
| Risk Tier | Count (approx.) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 13 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 16 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 22 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 7 | Automated review |
Total load-bearing terms cataloged: 58 (across Philippians 1–4, including all Baseline Reuse and New Term entries)
Terms requiring new translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json entries before Phase 2: all rows marked NEW TERM above (43 entries).
Baseline terms reused verbatim with zero deviation: ধার্মিকতা, ব্যবস্থা, বিশ্বাস, পুনরুত্থান, সামর্থ্য, পরিত্রাণ, আহ্বান, সুসমাচার, পবিত্র লোক, পবিত্র আত্মা, ঈশ্বর, যীশু, খ্রীষ্ট, প্রভু, পিতা, মহিমা, শান্তি, অনুগ্রহ, সহভাগিতা, ধন্যবাদ.
This glossary, together with analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, constitutes the complete Step 1 deliverable for the Philippians curriculum. All NEW TERM entries must proceed through the same Critical/High/Medium/Low review-routing logic as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation begins.
Critical Risk Terms
Conformed To Glorious Body
Approved rendering: রূপান্তরিত করবেন / মহিমার শরীরের সমরূপ
Transliteration: rupantorito korben / mohimar sharirer somorup
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: μετασχηματίσει / σύμμορφον τῷ σώματι τῆς δόξης
Category: Eschatology
Philippians 3:21 (μετασχηματίσει / σύμμορφον τῷ σώματι τῆς δόξης). Shares the same রূপ-root flagged Critical under form_of_god/form_of_a_servant; same avatāra-collision caution applies. Bodily, historical, once-for-all resurrection transformation, never cyclical rebirth imagery. Uses baseline মহিমা.
Death Of The Cross
Approved rendering: ক্রুশের মৃত্যু
Transliteration: krusher mrityu
Doctrine: Crucifixion of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মহাকষ্টে মৃত্যু, যাতনাভোগে মৃত্যু, নিপীড়িত হয়ে মৃত্যু
Original: θανάτου σταυροῦ
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:8 (θανάτου σταυροῦ). ক্রুশ is the established Bengali Christian term and must be retained without euphemism. Asserts as historical fact the crucifixion the Qur’an explicitly denies (Sūrah An-Nisā 4:157). No softening permitted. Mandatory human theologian review every occurrence.
Equal With God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের সমান
Transliteration: Ishshorer shoman
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:6 (τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ). No softening, hedging, or qualifying language permitted. Sharpest possible contrast with both Hindu (one avatāra among many) and Islamic (Christ as prophet only) readings. Uses baseline ঈশ্বর.
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকর্তা
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians 1:2, 2:11 (the hymn’s climax — glory to God the Father), 4:20.
Fellowship Of His Sufferings
Approved rendering: দুঃখভোগে সহভাগিতা
Transliteration: dukkhobhoge shohobhagita
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: κοινωνία παθημάτων
Category: Suffering
Philippians 3:10 (κοινωνία παθημάτων). Combines the suffering caution above with baseline সহভাগিতা; must be taught as willing participation in Christ’s redemptive suffering, never resignation to karmic fate.
Form Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের রূপ
Transliteration: Ishshorer rup
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: অবতার, ঈশ্বরের রূপে অবতীর্ণ হয়ে
Original: μορφὴ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:6. রূপ is the exact word used throughout Bengali devotional literature for the multiple ‘forms’ a Hindu deity assumes (e.g. Krishna’s বিরাট রূপ). Must be taught as Christ’s own single eternal, undivided essence, never one manifest form among several avatāra-manifestations. Mandatory translator note every occurrence.
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim throughout Philippians (1:2 et al.), and load-bearing in 2:6’s ঈশ্বরের রূপ and ঈশ্বরের সমান. NEVER ভগবান or আল্লাহ.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্র আত্মা
Transliteration: Pobitro Attha
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্ম, পরমাত্মা
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians 1:19, 2:1 (fellowship of the Spirit compound), 3:3. NEVER ব্রহ্ম or পরমাত্মা.
I Have Learned
Approved rendering: আমি শিখেছি
Transliteration: ami shikhechi
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: দীক্ষা পেয়েছি, রহস্যে দীক্ষিত হয়েছি, গোপন তত্ত্ব জেনেছি
Original: μεμύημαι
Category: Faith
Philippians 4:12 (μεμύημαι). The source Greek term draws on Hellenistic mystery-initiation vocabulary. Bengali দীক্ষা (guru-administered esoteric initiation into secret spiritual knowledge or a mantra) is an exceptionally close and dangerous parallel. Render plainly as আমি শিখেছি; NEVER use দীক্ষা-adjacent vocabulary or ‘রহস্য’ (mystery/secret) as a noun. Mandatory translator note AND preacher/teacher-facing guidance required, since oral teaching contexts carry residual risk of reaching for more vivid, esoteric-sounding vocabulary.
Jesus Christ Is Lord
Approved rendering: যীশু খ্রীষ্ট প্রভু
Transliteration: Jishu Khrishto Provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: যীশু খ্রীষ্ট মালিক, যীশু খ্রীষ্ট সাহেব, যীশু খ্রীষ্ট গুরু
Original: κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:11 (κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός), the hymn’s climactic confession. Must match the Romans 10:9 rendering যীশু প্রভু verbatim per the cross-curriculum consistency rule. No qualification, hedge, or softening permitted. Mandatory human theologian review every occurrence.
Jesus
Approved rendering: যীশু
Transliteration: Jishu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঈসা
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim throughout Philippians. NEVER ঈসা (Qur’anic/Muslim-idiom name carrying a distinct, non-divine Islamic Christology).
Kenosis Emptied Himself
Approved rendering: নিজেকে শূন্য করলেন
Transliteration: nijeke shunyo korlen
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: শূন্যতা প্রাপ্ত হলেন, নিজেকে বিলুপ্ত করলেন, নিজের গৌরব ত্যাগ করলেন (unpaired)
Original: ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:7 (ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν). শূন্য/শূন্যতা is the precise technical term for Buddhist śūnyatā (emptiness), historically rooted in Bengal’s Pāla-era Buddhist heritage. MUST NEVER stand alone in a clause or be quoted in isolation (e.g. in a lesson title or song lyric); must always be immediately completed in the same sentence by ‘দাসের রূপ ধারণ করে’ (took the form of a servant). Mandatory translator note every occurrence; editorial rule prohibits isolated quotation of this clause across all curriculum materials.
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim throughout Philippians (1:2; 2:11,19,24; 3:1,8; 4:1,4,5,10,23). Must convey exclusive, supreme Lordship, never one honorific among several (guru/pir/avatāra).
Messiah
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim throughout Philippians as Paul’s central title for Jesus (‘to me to live is Christ,’ 1:21, and passim). NEVER মশীহ.
Perfect Mature
Approved rendering: পরিপূর্ণ / পূর্ণবয়স্ক
Transliteration: poripurno / purnoboyoshko
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Rejected alternatives: সিদ্ধ
Original: τέλειος / τετελειώμαι
Category: Sanctification
Philippians 3:12,15 (τέλειος/τετελειώμαι). সিদ্ধ (siddha) is the specific Hindu/Yogic/Jain term for a spiritually perfected adept who has attained siddhi through self-directed practice — the exact opposite of Paul’s point, which explicitly denies having attained such perfection and instead presses on only by grace. HARD FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: সিদ্ধ must never be used for τέλειος anywhere in this curriculum, parallel in force to the baseline’s অবতার/পুনর্জন্ম/মুক্তি bans. The two occurrences (v.12 denial, v.15 address to the ‘mature’) must be checked together at QA, not independently.
Power Of His Resurrection
Approved rendering: পুনরুত্থানের সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: punorutthaner shamorthyo
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: δύναμις τῆς ἀναστάσεως
Category: Salvation
Philippians 3:10 (δύναμις τῆς ἀναστάσεως). Compound reuse of baseline পুনরুত্থান (never পুনর্জন্ম) and সামর্থ্য (never শক্তি) per the Romans forbidden-substitution rules.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: পুনরুত্থান
Transliteration: punorutthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম, পুনর্জীবন
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians 3:10 (power of his resurrection) and 3:21 (bodily transformation). NEVER পুনর্জন্ম (reincarnation within samsara).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ধার্মিকতা
Transliteration: dharmikota
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, পুণ্য, ন্যায়
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians 1:11 and, most critically, 3:6 and 3:9’s restatement of justification by faith versus the law. NEVER ধর্ম, which in everyday Bengali denotes both Hindu cosmic duty and religious identity itself.
Salvation
Approved rendering: পরিত্রাণ
Transliteration: poritran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians 1:19 (genuinely ambiguous between temporal release and final salvation — flag per Ambiguity Handling rule), 1:28, and 2:12 (work out your salvation). NEVER মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, or নাজাত.
Savior
Approved rendering: ত্রাণকর্তা
Transliteration: tranorta
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Rejected alternatives: সেভিয়র, মুক্তিদাতা, রক্ষাকর্তা (generic, insufficiently theological)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
Philippians 3:20 (σωτήρ). Not present in the Romans baseline; coined here to share the root of established পরিত্রাণ (salvation) for lexical-family consistency. Must never suggest Christ is one savior-figure among several available avatāras (cf. Krishna in the Bhagavad Gītā), and must not be softened for Muslim-background readers, since Islamic theology denies any need for a personal mediating Savior. FLAGGED for mandatory theologian sign-off as a new Critical-risk baseline extension before Phase 2 use.
Suffering
Approved rendering: দুঃখভোগ
Transliteration: dukkhobhog
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Rejected alternatives: যাতনা, কষ্ট (too generic/unanchored)
Original: πάθημα / πάσχω
Category: Suffering
Philippians 1:29-30 (πάθημα/πάσχω). দুঃখ is the exact Bengali/Sanskrit term for Buddhist duḥkha (First Noble Truth) and is also colored by a Hindu karma-consequence framework. Philippians teaches the opposite: suffering for Christ is a Spirit-given privilege and fellowship with Christ, not a cosmic condition to escape nor punishment for past deeds. Mandatory translator note every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Calling
Approved rendering: আহ্বান
Transliteration: ahban
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians 3:14 (the upward call, the goal of the race). Must be distinguished from a Hindu dharma-path unfolding or a Sufi-inflected mystical calling.
Chains Bonds
Approved rendering: বন্ধন
Transliteration: bondhon
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: δεσμά
Category: Suffering
Philippians 1:7,13,14,17 (δεσμά). Also রূপে শিকল (chains, concretely). The doctrinal move (chains advancing the gospel) is counter-intuitive; must not collapse into a Hindu karmic-consequence reading of suffering or a fatalistic reading.
Citizenship In Heaven
Approved rendering: আমাদের নাগরিকত্ব স্বর্গে
Transliteration: amader nagorikotto shorge
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: πολίτευμα
Category: Kingdom
Philippians 3:20 (πολίτευμα). নাগরিকত্ব is a modern political-legal term; must be framed, per the baseline’s ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য pattern, as covenantal belonging to God’s heavenly rule — NEVER a claim of political disloyalty to one’s earthly nation-state, a live sensitivity in both Bangladesh’s and West Bengal’s religiously plural political contexts. Must be paired with an explicit note that this does not counsel civic disengagement.
Conduct As Citizens
Approved rendering: নাগরিকের মতো জীবনযাপন করো
Transliteration: nagoriker moto jibonjapon koro
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: πολιτεύεσθε
Category: Kingdom
Philippians 1:27 (πολιτεύεσθε). First occurrence of the citizenship motif; sets up the fuller doctrine at 3:20.
Contentment
Approved rendering: সন্তুষ্টি / সন্তুষ্ট
Transliteration: sontushti / sontushto
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: বৈরাগ্য
Original: αὐτάρκης / αὐτάρκεια
Category: Faith
Philippians 4:11 (αὐτάρκης/αὐτάρκεια). সন্তুষ্টি shares its conceptual field with saṃtoṣa, one of the five Niyamas in classical Yoga philosophy — a self-achieved ascetic virtue cultivated through detachment. Philippians’ contentment is relationally grounded in Christ’s provision and strengthening (v.13), learned through dependence, not self-generated equanimity through renunciation. Mandatory distinguishing teaching note.
Every Knee Bow
Approved rendering: প্রত্যেক জন নতজানু হয়
Transliteration: prottek jon notojanu hoy
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: প্রণাম করা, সাষ্টাঙ্গ প্রণাম করা
Original: πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:10 (πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ). Deliberately echoes Isaiah 45:23, homage owed exclusively to YHWH, now directed to Jesus without qualification. NEVER প্রণাম/সাষ্টাঙ্গ প্রণাম, which carry vivid Hindu ritual-prostration-before-a-deity’s-image connotations; নতজানু হওয়া is a posture term, not a devotional-ritual term.
Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাস
Transliteration: bishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ঈমান, শ্রদ্ধা
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians (1:25,27; 2:17; 3:9). NEVER ঈমান (Islamic creedal submission) or শ্রদ্ধা (Hindu devotional reverence). Always specify Christ as object where possible.
Fellowship Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্র আত্মায় সহভাগিতা
Transliteration: Pobitro Atthay shohobhagita
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: κοινωνία πνεύματος
Category: Church
Philippians 2:1 (κοινωνία πνεύματος). Elevated from the baseline fellowship term’s usual Low risk because κοινωνία is here directly bonded to πνεῦμα; must denote shared participation in the personal, divine Holy Spirit, never a generic ‘team spirit’ or communal feeling. Uses baseline পবিত্র আত্মা.
Form Of A Servant
Approved rendering: দাসের রূপ
Transliteration: daser rup
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: μορφὴν δούλου
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:7 (μορφὴν δούλου). Reuses রূপ (same word as ঈশ্বরের রূপ, preserving Paul’s deliberate wordplay). Bengali Vaishnava devotional naming (‘-দাস’ names) frames devotee-identity as servant-of-deity; here the direction is reversed — God becomes servant of humanity — and this reversal must be made unmistakable in teaching.
Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians 1:11, 2:11 (hymn’s telos), 3:21 (body of glory), 4:19-20. NEVER তেজ/জ্যোতি, which risk Hindu divine-light/deity-aura associations.
Gospel
Approved rendering: সুসমাচার
Transliteration: susomachar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: খুশ খবর, ইঞ্জিল
Original: εὑαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians (1:5,7,12,27; 2:22; 4:3,15). Established Bengali Christian term. NEVER ইঞ্জিল (Qur’anic/Muslim-idiom term for a presumed lost scripture).
Grace And Peace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ ও শান্তি
Transliteration: anugroho o shanti
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Philippians 1:2; 4:23 (χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη). Standard Pauline salutation/benediction; compound of baseline terms, reused verbatim.
Grace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians salutation and closing (1:2,7; 4:23) and in 1:29’s grace-of-suffering claim. NEVER পুণ্য (accumulated merit).
Humbled Himself
Approved rendering: নিজেকে নত করলেন
Transliteration: nijeke noto korlen
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτόν
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:8 (ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτόν). Verb form of নম্রতা (2:3); provides the concrete historical anchor for the humility doctrine. Must be taught as continuous with, not separate from, নিজেকে শূন্য করলেন.
Humility
Approved rendering: নম্রতা
Transliteration: nomrota
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Sanctification
Philippians 2:3, cf. 2:6-8 (ταπεινοφροσύνη). Bengali readers may default to a Hindu/Buddhist frame of humility as ego-transcendence toward impersonal liberation, or a generic Bengali social-deference sense (namrota toward elders), rather than the biblical frame of relational self-giving modeled on Christ’s specific historical self-emptying. A contextual note anchoring নম্রতা to 2:6-8 is required wherever this term appears.
Joy Rejoice
Approved rendering: আনন্দ
Transliteration: anondo
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Rejected alternatives: সুখ
Original: χαρά / χαίρω
Category: Faith
Philippians 1:4,18,25; 2:17-18; 3:1; 4:4 (χαρά/χαίρω). আনন্দ is also the precise term for Vedantic ānanda (Brahman-bliss) and central to Bengali Vaishnava/Śākta devotional literature. Retained on the same long-usage precedent as ঈশ্বর, but every occurrence tied to this doctrine must be anchored concretely to the gospel’s advance and Paul’s actual circumstances, never left as an abstract spiritual-bliss state.
Knowledge Epignosis
Approved rendering: জ্ঞান (contextually qualified)
Transliteration: gyan
Doctrine: Knowledge of Christ versus Worldly Credentials
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তির জ্ঞান
Original: γνῶσις / ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Faith
Philippians 1:9; 3:8,10 (γνῶσις/ἐπίγνωσις). জ্ঞান is the standard term for impersonal, liberating Hindu jñāna-yoga (knowledge dissolving ignorance/māyā to attain mokṣa). Here it is always relational, personal knowledge OF Christ, growing in love; always specify the object as খ্রীষ্টকে জানার জ্ঞান, never leave জ্ঞান bare.
Law
Approved rendering: ব্যবস্থা
Transliteration: bebostha
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, শরিয়ত, নিয়ম
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians 3:5,6,9 as the ground of Paul’s former, now-surrendered confidence. NEVER ধর্ম or শরিয়ত.
Likeness Of Men
Approved rendering: মানুষের সদৃশে
Transliteration: manusher sodrishe
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মানুষের মূর্তিতে, মানুষের প্রতিমায়
Original: ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:7 (ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων). NEVER মূর্তি (idol/consecrated image of a Hindu deity), which would suggest Christ’s humanity was merely an external representation rather than a real, lived human nature.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: প্রেম
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: ভালোবাসা, স্নেহ
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Church
Philippians 2:1-2 (ἀγάπη). প্রেম is also the central term in Bengali Vaishnava bhakti poetry for divine-romantic love (Radha-Krishna prema-līlā) and in Tagore’s devotional-romantic poetry. Retained on the established 1 Corinthians 13 precedent, but a clarifying note distinguishing covenantal self-giving love from erotic-devotional prema is recommended, especially at 2:1-2 where it grounds ecclesial unity.
Mindset Same Mind
Approved rendering: একই মনোভাব পোষণ করা
Transliteration: eki monobhab poshon kora
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: একই মত পোষণ করা
Original: φρονέω / τὸ ἓν φρονοῦντες
Category: Church
Philippians 2:2, echoed 2:5 (φρονέω / τὸ ἓν φρονοῦντες). Structural key verb of the whole Kenosis Hymn. A weak, merely intellectual rendering (‘same opinion’) loses the volitional, affective force central to the unity-and-humility doctrine.
Partnership In The Gospel
Approved rendering: সুসমাচারে সহভাগিতা
Transliteration: susomacharey shohobhagita
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὑαγγέλιον
Category: Church
Philippians 1:5,7; 4:14-18 (κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὑαγγέλιον). Compound of baseline সহভাগিতা and সুসমাচার. Must not be flattened into ordinary NGO-style charitable giving divorced from gospel proclamation; must retain shared participation IN the gospel’s advance, not merely material support FOR a gospel worker.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: shamorthyo
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি
Inherited from Romans package. Reused in Philippians 3:10 (পুনরুত্থানের সামর্থ্য) and, for cross-curriculum consistency even though ἐνδυναμόω is a distinct Greek root, in 4:13 (যিনি আমাকে সামর্থ্য দেন). NEVER শক্তি, due to Bengal’s Shakta-Hindu goddess-power association.
Saints
Approved rendering: পবিত্র লোক
Transliteration: pobitro lok
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: সাধু, সাধুগণ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians 1:1 and 4:21-22. NEVER সাধু/সাধুগণ, which evoke a Hindu or Jain wandering ascetic. Every ordinary believer at Philippi is পবিত্র লোক, not an ascetic elite.
Something To Be Grasped
Approved rendering: ছিনিয়ে ধরে রাখার বিষয়
Transliteration: chhiniye dhore rakhar bishoy
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: দখল করার বিষয়, জোর করে ধরে রাখার বিষয়
Original: ἁρπαγμός
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:6 (ἁρπαγμόν). Must preserve that Christ genuinely already possessed equality with God and chose not to exploit it selfishly — never that he lacked it and failed to seize it (the Jehovah’s Witness NWT’s Arian misreading).
Work Out Your Salvation
Approved rendering: নিজের পরিত্রাণ পূর্ণরূপে কার্যকর করো
Transliteration: nijer poritran purnorupe karyokor koro
Doctrine: Sanctification and Working Out Salvation
Original: κατεργάζεσθε
Category: Salvation
Philippians 2:12 (κατεργάζεσθε). κατεργάζομαι means ‘bring to completion/effect,’ NOT ‘earn/achieve from nothing’; must never suggest salvation is achieved by human effort, contradicting the grace/works contrast already Critical/High in Romans 4:4-5 and 11:5-6. Must never be excerpted apart from v.13’s companion clause (‘ঈশ্বরই তোমাদের অন্তরে কার্যসাধন করছেন,’ God who works in you) in any pull-quote, lesson heading, or memory verse.
Medium Risk Terms
Body Of Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমার শরীর
Transliteration: mohimar sharir
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: σῶμα τῆς δόξης
Category: Eschatology
Philippians 3:21 (σῶμα τῆς δόξης). Reuses baseline মহিমা. See conformed_to_glorious_body for the fuller Critical-level note on the surrounding রূপ-rooted clause.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: ত্বকচ্ছেদ
Transliteration: twokchched
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: খাতনা, সুন্নত
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
Philippians 3:5 (περιτομή). Distinguish from Islamic খাতনা/সুন্নত (different theological meaning). This is Paul’s own former Jewish confidence, now surrendered, not a general critique of the practice itself.
Day Of Christ
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্টের দিন
Transliteration: Khrishtoer din
Doctrine: Sanctification and Working Out Salvation
Original: ἡμέρα Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
Philippians 1:6, 1:10 (ἡμέρα Χριστοῦ). Keep distinct from generic folk ‘end times’ language.
Deacon
Approved rendering: ডিকন / সহকারী সেবক
Transliteration: dikon / shohokari shebok
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Offices
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church
Philippians 1:1 (διάκονος). Functional office term; consistent rendering needed across future Pastoral Epistles curricula.
Fellow Worker Fellow Soldier
Approved rendering: সহকর্মী ও সহযোদ্ধা
Transliteration: shohokormi o shohojoddha
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Sacrificial Service
Rejected alternatives: মুজাহিদ, সৈনিক (alone)
Original: σύζυγος / συνεργός / συστρατιώτης
Category: Church
Philippians 2:25 (σύζυγος/συνεργός/συστρατιώτης). ‘Fellow soldier’ carries a distinct cultural-sensitivity risk in a Muslim-majority context if heard through a jihad/holy-war lens; frame explicitly as shared spiritual labor and personal cost, not militant conflict.
Fragrant Offering
Approved rendering: সুগন্ধ, গ্রহণযোগ্য বলিদান
Transliteration: shugondho, grohonjoggo bolidan
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας, θυσία δεκτή
Category: Church
Philippians 4:18 (ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας, θυσία δεκτή). Must be framed as a New Testament metaphor for costly, God-pleasing generosity, never literal ritual appeasement analogous to Hindu havan/yajña or Islamic qurbani. Requires a metaphor-marker (‘-র মতো,’ ‘like’) rather than being stated as unqualified ritual fact.
Fruit Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: ধার্মিকতার ফল
Transliteration: dharmikotar fol
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Salvation
Philippians 1:11 (καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης). Must not be read as fruit that PRODUCES righteousness; it is fruit that FLOWS FROM righteousness already granted. Uses baseline ধার্মিকতা.
Giving And Receiving
Approved rendering: দান ও গ্রহণ
Transliteration: daan o grohon
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: δόσις καὶ λῆμψις
Category: Church
Philippians 4:14-15 (δόσις καὶ λῆμψις). Concrete financial referent reinforcing the partnership-in-the-gospel doctrine.
Goal Prize
Approved rendering: লক্ষ্য / পুরস্কার
Transliteration: lokkho / purashkar
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: σκοπός / βραβεῖον
Category: Faith
Philippians 3:14 (σκοπός/βραβεῖον). পুরস্কার (‘prize/reward’) risks a merit-earned reading analogous to karma-fruit or Islamic weighed-deeds judgment; must always appear with ‘অনুগ্রহে প্রাপ্ত’ (received by grace) or equivalent qualifier at first occurrence per document.
God Will Supply Every Need
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর সমস্ত অভাব পূরণ করবেন
Transliteration: Ishshor shomosto abhab puron korben
Doctrine: Providence and Provision
Original: πληρώσει πᾶσαν χρείαν
Category: God
Philippians 4:19 (πληρώσει πᾶσαν χρείαν). Consistent with the baseline’s providence doctrine: God’s personal, purposive governance, never impersonal fate (ভাগ্য/নিয়তি) or karma.
Highly Exalted
Approved rendering: সর্বোচ্চ স্থানে উন্নীত করলেন
Transliteration: sorbochcho sthane unnito korlen
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: ὑπερύψωσεν
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:9 (ὑπερύψωσεν). Must not be read through a bhakti/apotheosis pattern in which a deity elevates a devotee to divine status as reward; this is the Father vindicating the Son who was ALREADY divine, not conferring new divine status.
Ministry Service
Approved rendering: সেবাকাজ
Transliteration: shebakaj
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Sacrificial Service
Original: λειτουργία
Category: Church
Philippians 2:17,25,30 (λειτουργία). Reuses the ministry-vocabulary pattern from the baseline’s christ_centered_ministry doctrine; must retain the gospel-centered, not generic-humanitarian, sense.
Name Above Every Name
Approved rendering: সকল নামের ঊর্ধ্বে নাম
Transliteration: shokol namer urddhe naam
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:9. Echoes the divine Name of Isaiah 45; connects directly to the Lordship confession of 2:11.
One Accord
Approved rendering: একপ্রাণ
Transliteration: ekoprano
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: এক আত্মা
Original: σύμψυχοι
Category: Church
Philippians 2:2 (σύμψυχοι). Risks being heard through Hindu nondual metaphysics (the Ātman-Brahman ‘one Self’ merger) rather than relational unity of distinct persons bound by covenantal love. Gloss with a relational-not-metaphysical clarifying note (‘এক হৃদয়ে, ভিন্ন ভিন্ন ব্যক্তি’).
Outward Appearance Schema
Approved rendering: মানুষের বেশে
Transliteration: manusher beshe
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Original: σχῆμα
Category: Christology
Philippians 2:8 (σχῆμα). Distinguish from μορφή (essential nature, রূপ, vv.6-7); reserve বেশ for outward, observable fashion only. Collapsing the two terms risks over- or under-stating either Christ’s deity or humanity.
Overseer
Approved rendering: অধ্যক্ষ
Transliteration: odhyokkho
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Offices
Rejected alternatives: বিশপ, গুরু, পীর
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
Philippians 1:1 (ἐπίσκοπος). Must be distinguished from a Hindu/Sufi guru-pir role of personal spiritual authority; a recognized, accountable office within the মণ্ডলী, not an individual charismatic guide. NEVER বিশপ (Catholic Bengali NT convention) for this curriculum’s Protestant-register glossary — flag for reviewers to avoid inadvertent import from Catholic-edition study aids.
Peace Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের শান্তি
Transliteration: Ishshorer shanti
Doctrine: Prayer and Freedom from Anxiety
Original: εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
Philippians 4:7,9 (εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ). Compound of baseline terms; consistent with Romans peace_with_god doctrine.
Peace
Approved rendering: শান্তি
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: সুখ, স্বস্তি
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians 1:2 (salutation) and 4:7,9 (peace of God guarding hearts and minds).
Poured Out Offering
Approved rendering: ঢেলে দেওয়া বলিদানের মতো
Transliteration: dhele deoya bolidaner moto
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Sacrificial Service
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Church
Philippians 2:17 (σπένδομαι). Sacrificial self-giving in service, not a Hindu ritual libation offering to a deity’s image.
Prayer Petition Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: প্রার্থনা / নিবেদন / ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: prarthona / nibedon / dhonnobad
Doctrine: Prayer and Freedom from Anxiety
Original: προσευχή / δέησις / εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Philippians 4:6 (προσευχή/δέησις/εὐχαριστία). Anxiety answered by direct, unmediated prayer to a personal, listening God — distinguish from Hindu puja ritual worship of an image and from folk shrine-based intercession through a pir or saint’s tomb. ধন্যবাদ is baseline reuse.
Press On Pursue
Approved rendering: তাড়া করা / দৌড়ে এগিয়ে যাওয়া
Transliteration: tara kora / doure egiye jaoya
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: διώκω / ἐπεκτείνομαι
Category: Faith
Philippians 3:12,14 (διώκω/ἐπεκτείνομαι). Must retain the paradox: pursuit that is itself a response to grace, not self-generated achievement, consistent with the katergazesthe caution.
Selfish Ambition
Approved rendering: স্বার্থপরতা
Transliteration: swarthoporota
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἐριθεία
Category: Church
Philippians 2:3 (ἐριθεία). Negative foil to the hymn; low lexical collision risk, doctrinally significant.
Servant Slave
Approved rendering: দাস
Transliteration: das
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Offices
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
Philippians 1:1 (δοῦλος). Culturally resonant with bhakti ‘-দাস’ devotional naming (servant of a deity); the direction of the analogy at 2:7 (God becomes servant of humanity) must be clarified where relevant.
Shine As Lights
Approved rendering: আলো
Transliteration: alo
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Sacrificial Service
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Original: φωστῆρες
Category: Church
Philippians 2:15 (φωστῆρες). Use আলো, not জ্যোতি/তেজ, for consistency with the baseline’s rejection of those terms for God’s glory due to Hindu divine-radiance/deity-aura associations.
The One Who Strengthens Me
Approved rendering: যিনি আমাকে সামর্থ্য দেন
Transliteration: jini amake shamorthyo den
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: যিনি আমাকে শক্তি দেন
Original: ὁ ἐνδυναμῶν με
Category: God
Philippians 4:13 (ὁ ἐνδυναμῶν με). সামর্থ্য preferred over শক্তি for cross-curriculum consistency with the baseline’s power_of_god forbidden-substitution rule (শক্তি’s strong Shakta-Hindu goddess-power association in Bengal), even though ἐνδυναμόω is a distinct Greek root from δύναμις θεοῦ.
Vain Conceit
Approved rendering: অহংকার
Transliteration: ohongkar
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: κενοδοξία
Category: Church
Philippians 2:3 (κενοδοξία). অহংকার is also the Samkhya/Vedantic technical term for ahaṃkāra, the ego-principle causing bondage to the rebirth cycle. Here it denotes ordinary moral vanity, not a metaphysical faculty; reinforce this distinction in teaching notes.
Low Risk Terms
Boldness
Approved rendering: সাহস
Transliteration: shahosh
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: παρρησία
Category: Faith
Philippians 1:20 (παρρησία). Standard vocabulary, no significant doctrinal collision.
Caesar
Approved rendering: কৈসর
Transliteration: Koisor
Doctrine: Proper Names
Philippians 4:22 (‘Caesar’s household’). Established Bengali Bible transliteration.
Clement
Approved rendering: ক্লীমেন্ত
Transliteration: Klimento
Doctrine: Proper Names
Philippians 4:3. Established Bengali Bible transliteration.
Epaphroditus
Approved rendering: এপাফ্রদিত
Transliteration: Epafrodit
Doctrine: Proper Names
Philippians 2:25, 4:18. Established Bengali Bible transliteration.
Euodia Syntyche
Approved rendering: ইউওদিয়া ও সুন্তুখী
Transliteration: Iuodiya o Syntukhi
Doctrine: Proper Names
Philippians 4:2-3. Established Bengali Bible transliteration of the two named women exhorted to unity.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: সহভাগিতা
Transliteration: shohobhagita
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: বন্ধুত্ব
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; base term underlying several Philippians compound doctrinal phrases. Low risk standalone; elevated to High/Critical in compounds — see fellowship_of_the_spirit, fellowship_of_his_sufferings, partnership_in_the_gospel below.
Gain Loss
Approved rendering: লাভ / ক্ষতি
Transliteration: labh / khoti
Doctrine: Knowledge of Christ versus Worldly Credentials
Original: κέρδος / ζημία
Category: General
Philippians 1:21; 3:7-8 (κέρδος/ζημία). Straightforward vocabulary.
Paul
Approved rendering: পৌল
Transliteration: Poul
Doctrine: Proper Names
Established Bengali Christian Bible form for Paul, author of Philippians. Consistent with baseline transliteration standards.
Rubbish
Approved rendering: আবর্জনা
Transliteration: aborjona
Doctrine: Knowledge of Christ versus Worldly Credentials
Rejected alternatives: মলিনতা
Original: σκύβαλα
Category: General
Philippians 3:8 (σκύβαλα). Retain the deliberately coarse rhetorical force; do not sanitize into a milder word than the Greek’s deliberately crude register.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: dhonnobad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστῶ
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim in Philippians 1:3-4 and 4:6 (as the tenor of anxiety-free prayer).
Timothy
Approved rendering: তীমথিয়
Transliteration: Timothiyo
Doctrine: Proper Names
Philippians 1:1, 2:19-23. Established Bengali Bible proper-name form.
Virtue Excellence
Approved rendering: সদ্গুণ
Transliteration: shadguno
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Sacrificial Service
Original: ἀρετή
Category: General
Philippians 4:8 (ἀρετή). Paul’s only NT use of this Hellenistic philosophical term; সদ্গুণ carries mild resonance with general dharmic ‘guṇa’ language but poses low practical risk in modern usage.
Referenced passages