Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — Jude (English/Greek → Bengali)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning Jude 1:1–25 in its entirety. Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked REUSED and MUST use the identical recorded Bengali rendering without modification. Terms newly established for the Jude curriculum are marked NEW and should be added to an updated translation_memory.json in Phase 2, incrementing the version number per the baseline’s enforcement instructions.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions: Critical (theologian review, every occurrence), High (theologian review), Medium (native speaker review), Low (automated review sufficient).
Section 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| English Term | Greek Original | Bengali (MUST reuse) | Risk | Jude Occurrences | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salvation | σωτηρία | পরিত্রাণ | Critical | 1:3 | ”Our common salvation” — never মুক্তি/মোক্ষ/নাজাত. |
| Faith / “the faith” | πίστις | বিশ্বাস | High | 1:3, 1:20 | CONTEXT SHIFT: here = objective doctrinal deposit, not personal trust. Translator note required. |
| Called | κλητός | আহুত | High | 1:1 | Sovereign, effectual summons. |
| Holy | ἅγιος | পবিত্র | High | 1:3, 1:14, 1:20 (superlative) | Reused as root across all forms. |
| Saints | ἅγιοι | পবিত্র লোক | High | 1:3 | Never সাধু/সাধুগণ. |
| Grace | χάρις | অনুগ্রহ | High | 1:4 | Grace-vs-license contrast; must preserve. |
| Lord | κύριος | প্রভু | Critical | 1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Exclusive supreme Lordship throughout. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | যীশু | Critical | 1:1, 1:4, 1:5, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Never ঈসা. Jude 1:5 textual variant flagged for theologian review (pre-existence implication). |
| Christ | Χριστός | খ্রীষ্ট | Critical | 1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Established NT rendering. |
| God | θεός | ঈশ্বর | Critical | 1:1, 1:21, 1:25 | Never ভগবান/আল্লাহ. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | পবিত্র আত্মা | Critical | 1:20 | Never ব্রহ্ম/পরমাত্মা. |
| Father | πατήρ | পিতা | Critical | 1:1 | God as personal Father. |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος | প্রেরিত | Medium | 1:17 | Authorized sent office, not generic messenger/guru. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | শান্তি | Medium | 1:2 | Relational/covenantal peace. |
| Prophesy (verb, root: prophecy) | προφητεύω (root ভাববাণী) | ভাববাণী করলেন | High | 1:14 | See canon-boundary note below (Enoch citation). |
| Amen | ἀμήν | আমেন | Low | 1:25 | Established transliteration. |
Section 2 — New Terms Established for the Jude Curriculum
2a. Critical Risk
| English Term | Greek Original | Transliteration | Bengali Rendering | Doctrine | Rationale / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contend earnestly | ἐπαγωνίζομαι | epagōnizomai | প্রাণপণে সংগ্রাম করা | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | Core imperative of the letter; must not be weakened to “believe firmly” or “support,” which would erase the letter’s entire polemical thrust. |
| Blameless | ἄμωμος | amōmos | নিষ্কলঙ্ক | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | The doctrinal climax term of the letter. Conveys total, Christ-secured moral perfection at final presentation before God — not a believer’s own moral achievement. Never render as merely “fairly good” or “mostly faithful.” |
| Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | পরিত্রাতা | Doxology / Deity of Christ | Derived from the established পরিত্রাণ (salvation) root for consistency. High Trinitarian stakes in how “our Savior… through Jesus Christ” is parsed grammatically; flag for theologian review. |
2b. High Risk
| English Term | Greek Original | Transliteration | Bengali Rendering | Doctrine | Rationale / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kept / keep (τηρέω) | τηρέω | tēreō | রক্ষা করা / রক্ষিত রাখা | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | KEY WORDPLAY across vv.1, 6, 13, 21 — MUST use one consistent Bengali root for every occurrence, including both the “God keeps believers” and “the ironic keeping-for-judgment” senses. |
| Guard / keep from falling (φυλάσσω) | φυλάσσω | phylassō | রক্ষা করা | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | Distinct verb from τηρέω but same semantic domain; the letter’s climactic “keeping” statement (v.24). |
| Once for all | ἅπαξ | hapax | একবারের জন্য (চিরকালের জন্য) | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | Guards the finality/closedness of the apostolic deposit against notions of ongoing/evolving revelation. |
| Delivered / entrusted | παραδίδωμι | paradidōmi | সমর্পিত/অর্পিত | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | The faith as a fixed, transmitted deposit, not a personal discovery. |
| Judgment | κρίμα / κρίσις | krima / krisis | বিচার | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Personal divine legal verdict, NOT impersonal karmic outcome. Same Bengali word used for both Greek terms to preserve their shared domain. |
| Ungodly / ungodliness | ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια | asebēs / asebeia | ঈশ্বরহীন / ঈশ্বরহীনতা | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | The letter’s central polemical term (5x in vv.14-15 alone). Deliberately avoids both ধর্ম-rooted terms (forbidden per baseline righteousness/law entries) and ভক্তি-rooted terms (Vaishnava bhakti-devotion associations). |
| Sovereign Master | δεσπότης | despotēs | অধিপতি | Lordship of Christ (denied by false teachers) | Paired doublet with κύριος; emphasizes Christ’s absolute sovereign ownership being denied. Distinct from প্রভু (κύριος, reused). |
| Lordship/dominion | κυριότης | kyriotēs | প্রভুত্ব | Lordship of Christ | Built on the same root as প্রভু to preserve the lexical connection to Christ’s Lordship. |
| Eternal (fire/life) | αἰώνιος | aiōnios | অনন্ত / চিরকালীন | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers; Kept by God | Final, non-cyclical judgment/life — contrasts with any worldview where suffering/existence resolves through future rebirths. |
| Own domain/position | ἀρχή (contextual sense) | archē | নিজ পদ/কর্তৃত্ব | OT Warnings as Types (angels) | HIGH RISK OF MISTRANSLATION: must not be rendered as শুরু (“beginning”), the far more common sense of ἀρχή elsewhere. |
| Unnatural flesh | σαρκὸς ἑτέρας | sarkos heteras | ভিন্ন প্রকৃতির মাংসের প্রতি কামনা | OT Warnings as Types (Sodom) | Sensitive content; requires careful non-graphic, doctrinally faithful phrasing preserving the judgment-warning point. |
| Glorious ones (concrete) | δόξα (plural, v.8) | doxa (pl.) | মহিমাময় সত্তা | (Angelic order / reverence for authority) | DISTINCT semantic-range use from abstract “glory” (v.24-25, রেউজড AS মহিমা). Translator note required to prevent confusion between the two senses. |
| Causing divisions | ἀποδιορίζω | apodiorizō | বিভেদ সৃষ্টিকারী | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Strong charge of destructive schism; must not be softened to mere “differing.” |
| Soulish / without the Spirit | ψυχικός | psychikos | অনাত্মিক | (Diagnostic of false teachers’ spiritual status) | Built on the negation of the established আত্মিক (Spirit-given) root. Must convey absence of the Spirit’s indwelling, not “psychological/emotional.” |
| Spirit (bare πνεῦμα = Holy Spirit) | πνεῦμα | pneuma | (পবিত্র) আত্মা | (Diagnostic of false teachers’ spiritual status) | Must be understood as God’s Holy Spirit despite the bare Greek form; avoid any impersonal ātman/prāṇa-style resonance. |
| Love (ἀγάπη) | ἀγάπη | agapē | প্রেম | (Foundational to Mercy/Rescue and closing exhortations) | Established Bengali Bible term despite strong pre-existing Vaishnava bhakti-devotional (prema-bhakti) associations; retained per long translation-tradition precedent (parallel to ঈশ্বর), but requires careful catechetical framing. |
| Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | দয়া | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Distinct from অনুগ্রহ (grace) and from কৃপা (reserved by the baseline for non-soteriological general compassion); দয়া carries the soteriological, covenantal sense of mercy required here. |
| Wavering / doubting | διακρίνομαι | diakrinomai | দ্বিধাগ্রস্ত/সন্দিহান | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Central to the named doctrine; conveys genuine inner uncertainty deserving compassionate rescue, not settled apostasy. |
| Have mercy on (verb) | ἐλεέω | eleeō | দয়া করো/দয়া দেখাও | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Verb form of ἔλεος; active pastoral imperative. |
| Without stumbling | ἄπταιστος | aptaistos | না হোঁচট খেয়ে/বিনা বাধায় | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | God’s guaranteeing power over the believer’s stability. |
| Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | অনন্ত জীবন | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | Unending, personal fellowship with God; not a vague “good afterlife” nor cyclical existence. |
| Only (exclusivity) | μόνος | monos | একমাত্র | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Reasserts strict monotheistic exclusivity; echoes μόνον δεσπότην (v.4) and μόνῳ θεῷ (v.25). |
| Majesty | μεγαλωσύνη | megalosynē | মহত্ত্ব | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Kept lexically distinct from মহিমা (δόξα) to preserve the doxology’s four-fold structure. |
| Dominion/might | κράτος | kratos | পরাক্রম | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Distinct from সামর্থ্য (δύναμις, Romans baseline) and both avoid শক্তি’s Shakta-goddess-power associations. |
| Authority | ἐξουσία | exousia | কর্তৃত্ব | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Right/jurisdiction to rule, distinct from raw might (κράτος). |
| Deny | ἀρνέομαι | arneomai | অস্বীকার করা | Lordship of Christ (denied by false teachers) | Direct connection to the Critical Lordship-of-Christ doctrine. |
2c. Medium Risk
| English Term | Greek Original | Bengali Rendering | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beloved | ἀγαπητός | প্রিয়/প্রিয়গণ | Pastoral affectionate address. |
| Slave/bond-servant | δοῦλος | দাস | Honorific self-designation of total devotion, not degraded status. |
| Crept in secretly | παρεισδύω | গোপনে প্রবেশ করেছে | Covert infiltration by false teachers. |
| Sensuality/licentiousness | ἀσέλγεια | স্বেচ্ছাচারিতা | Unrestrained moral abandon. |
| Angel(s) | ἄγγελος | স্বর্গদূত | Heavenly messenger-beings; distinct usage from generic “messenger.” |
| Everlasting (rare form) | ἀίδιος | চিরস্থায়ী | Rare NT lexeme (also Rom 1:20); near-synonym of αἰώνιος. |
| Gloom/thick darkness | ζόφος | ঘোর অন্ধকার | Recurs vv.6, 13 — render consistently. |
| Darkness | σκότος | অন্ধকার | Paired with ζόφος in v.13’s intensified doubling. |
| Committed sexual immorality (intensive) | ἐκπορνεύω | ব্যভিচার করেছিল | OT type (Sodom). |
| Example/warning-sign | δεῖγμα | দৃষ্টান্ত/সতর্কীকরণের নমুনা | OT Warnings as Types doctrine. |
| Defile | μιαίνω | কলুষিত করে | Moral (not ritual) defilement; avoids অশুচি-root. |
| Reject/set aside | ἀθετέω | অগ্রাহ্য করে | Active rejection of legitimate authority. |
| Revile/blaspheme | βλασφημέω | নিন্দা করে | Distinct from ঈশ্বরনিন্দা (blasphemy against God directly). |
| Archangel | ἀρχάγγελος | প্রধান স্বর্গদূত | Michael’s rank. |
| Devil | διάβολος | দিয়াবল/শয়তান | Personal malevolent adversary. |
| Rebuke | ἐπιτιμάω | ধমক দিন/অনুযোগ করুন | Authoritative reproof. |
| Irrational animals | ἄλογα ζῷα | অবোধ পশু | Rhetorical insult against false teachers. |
| Destroy/corrupt | φθείρω | বিনষ্ট করা | Moral corruption leading to ruin. |
| Error/deception | πλάνη | ভ্রান্তি | Wordplay with πλανήτης (v.13). |
| Rebellion/dispute | ἀντιλογία | বিরোধিতা/বিদ্রোহ | Korah’s rebellion against legitimate authority. |
| Destroyed/perished | ἀπόλλυμι | বিনষ্ট করা/বিনষ্ট হলো | Recurs vv.5, 11 — render with the same root both times. |
| Love feasts (concrete) | ἀγάπαι | প্রেম-ভোজ/সহভোজ | Distinct concrete sense from abstract ἀγάπη elsewhere. |
| Hidden reefs / stains | σπιλάς | গুপ্ত বিপদজনক পাথর (or কলঙ্ক/দাগ) | Genuine lexical ambiguity — flag both readings for review. |
| Fearlessly/without reverence | ἀφόβως | নির্ভয়ে/নির্লজ্জভাবে | Contrasts with proper φόβος in v.23. |
| Shepherding (self-serving) | ποιμαίνω | পালন করা | Self-serving pastoral metaphor. |
| Fruitless | ἄκαρπος | নিষ্ফল | Lack of genuine spiritual fruit. |
| Shame/disgrace | αἰσχύνη | লজ্জাজনক কাজ/কলঙ্ক | Honor/shame dynamics salient in Bengali culture. |
| Wandering (stars) | πλανήτης | উদ্ভ্রান্ত তারা | Wordplay with πλάνη (v.11). |
| Reward/wages (improper) | μισθός | মজুরি/লাভ | Balaam’s profit-driven error. |
| Convict/expose | ἐλέγχω | দোষী প্রমাণ করা | Public exposure at final judgment. |
| Sinner(s) | ἁμαρτωλός | পাপী | Derived from established পাপ (sin) root. |
| Grumblers | γογγυστής | অভিযোগকারী | Echoes Israel’s wilderness grumbling (v.5 link). |
| Malcontents | μεμψίμοιρος | অসন্তুষ্ট ব্যক্তি | Chronic dissatisfaction. |
| Desire/lust | ἐπιθυμία | অভিলাষ/কামনা | Self-serving craving driving false teachers. |
| Bombastic/swelling words | ὑπέρογκος | অহংকারপূর্ণ বড় বড় কথা | Grandiose, self-aggrandizing rhetoric. |
| Flatter (idiom: “admire faces”) | θαυμάζω πρόσωπα | তোষামোদ করা (লাভের আশায়) | Idiom must be rendered by meaning, not literally. |
| Last time | ἔσχατος χρόνος | শেষকাল | Eschatological “last days” language. |
| Mockers/scoffers | ἐμπαίκτης | বিদ্রূপকারী/ঠাট্টাকারী | Predicted by the apostles. |
| Building up | ἐποικοδομέω | গেঁথে তোলা/উন্নতিসাধন করা | Positive counterpart to divisive false teachers. |
| Awaiting/expecting | προσδέχομαι | প্রত্যাশায় থাকা | Active, hopeful eschatological anticipation. |
| Snatching/seizing | ἁρπάζω | ছোঁ মেরে তুলে আনা | Urgent rescue imagery, v.23. |
| Fear (reverential caution) | φόβος | সতর্কতাপূর্ণ ভয়/সম্ভ্রম | Caution in ministering to compromised individuals, not terror. |
| Stained/defiled (garment) | σπιλόω | কলুষিত/দাগযুক্ত | Possible wordplay with σπιλάς (v.12). |
| Exultation/great joy | ἀγαλλίασις | উল্লাস | Believer’s joyful final presentation before God. |
| Age(s)/forever | αἰών | যুগ/অনন্তকাল | Distinct lexical form from αἰώνιος though conceptually paired. |
2d. Low Risk
| English Term | Greek Original | Bengali Rendering | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Woe | οὐαί | ধিক্ | Solemn prophetic-woe register. |
| Dwelling place | οἰκητήριον | নিজ বাসস্থান | Angels’ proper heavenly abode. |
| Dreaming (visionary claim) | ἐνυπνιάζομαι | স্বপ্নদর্শী হয়ে | Self-deluded visionary claims. |
| Myriads (holy) | μυριάς | বহু সহস্র/অযুত | Vast angelic host, v.14. |
| Multiplied (blessing wish) | πληθύνω | বৃদ্ধি পাক | Standard epistolary blessing form. |
| Tunic/garment | χιτών | বস্ত্র/জামা | Contamination imagery, v.23. |
| Proper names (Cain, Balaam, Korah, Enoch, Adam, Moses, James, Sodom, Gomorrah) | Κάϊν, Βαλαάμ, Κόρε, Ἑνώχ, Ἀδάμ, Μωυσῆς, Ἰάκωβος, Σόδομα, Γόμορρα | কয়িন, বিলিয়ম, কোরহ, হনোক, আদম, মোশি, যাকোব, সদোম, ঘমোরা | Established/house-style Bengali proper-name forms; low lexical risk, but the OT/intertestamental “type” narratives behind each name carry High doctrinal weight (see semantic analysis). |
Section 3 — Special Doctrinal Flags Requiring Theologian Review (Full-Book Summary)
| Flag | Location | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Textual variant: “Jesus” vs. “the Lord” saved Israel from Egypt | Jude 1:5 | Bears directly on the pre-existence and deity of Christ; base-text choice must be confirmed with the theologian reviewer before translation. |
| Citation of non-canonical 1 Enoch as containing a true prophecy | Jude 1:14–15 | Must not be taught as elevating 1 Enoch to canonical status; requires a mandatory accompanying teaching note on the boundaries of the biblical canon. |
| Textual variant: two-group vs. three-group structure | Jude 1:22–23 | Affects the precise pastoral instruction for engaging wavering believers (doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering). |
| Doxological grammar: “God our Savior… through Jesus Christ our Lord” | Jude 1:24–25 | High Trinitarian/Christological stakes in how the ascription of divine titles is parsed between Father and Son in Bengali. |
| Semantic-range shift of πίστις | Jude 1:3, 1:20 | ”The faith” (objective doctrinal deposit) vs. বিশ্বাস’s default sense of personal trusting — translator note mandatory both occurrences. |
| Semantic-range shift of δόξα | Jude 1:8 vs. 1:24–25 | Concrete “glorious beings” (v.8) vs. abstract “glory” (v.24-25) — same Greek word, two distinct Bengali-relevant senses. |
Section 4 — Chapter Coverage Statement
Jude is a single-chapter book (Jude 1:1–25). This glossary and its companion semantic analysis cover the ENTIRE book: the salutation (1:1–2), the full core passage (1:3–23), and the closing doxology (1:24–25). No verse of Jude introduces vocabulary left unanalyzed. There is no “Chapter 2” or subsequent chapter to review; full-book coverage for this curriculum is therefore complete within this single chapter’s treatment above.
Critical Risk Terms
Blameless
Approved rendering: নিষ্কলঙ্ক
Transliteration: nishkolongko
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: নির্দোষ (narrower legal ‘not guilty’ sense), ভালো/মোটামুটি বিশ্বস্ত (graded, merit-accumulation framing — EXPLICITLY REJECTED)
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Salvation
NEW. ἄμωμος (Jude 1:24), the doctrinal climax term of the entire letter, drawing on LXX sacrificial-animal background. Must convey total, Christ-secured moral perfection at final presentation before God, not a believer’s own gradual achievement — a distinction with direct force against both Hindu karma-merit accounting and Islamic weighed-deeds judgment frameworks.
Christ
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Duplicate key alias of ‘messiah’ above provided for Jude-registry cross-reference consistency (matches bible_term_registry.json key naming); same term, same risk, same rationale. Do not treat as a separate rendering decision.
Contend Earnestly
Approved rendering: প্রাণপণে সংগ্রাম করা
Transliteration: pranopone songrom kora
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: বিশ্বাস করা দৃঢ়ভাবে ধরে রাখা, রক্ষা করা (as the sole verb), সমর্থন করা
Original: ἐπαγωνίζομαι
Category: Faith
NEW. ἐπαγωνίζομαι (Jude 1:3), an intensive compound of ἀγωνίζομαι carrying athletic-contest imagery. Must not be softened to ‘believe firmly’ or ‘support the faith’; this is the letter’s core polemical imperative and the doctrinal anchor of the entire curriculum.
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: God’s Love and the Believer’s Perseverance
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকর্তা
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Jude 1:1: ‘in God the Father, having been loved’ — establishes the recipients’ foundational identity as loved by God the Father before any warning content begins.
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Appears at Jude vv.1, 4, 21, 25, culminating in v.25’s ‘the only God our Savior’ (একমাত্র ঈশ্বর, আমাদের পরিত্রাতা).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্র আত্মা
Transliteration: Pobitro Attha
Doctrine: Spirit-Indwelling and the Authenticity of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্ম, পরমাত্মা
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Jude 1:20’s explicit full form (‘praying in the Holy Spirit’) is the deliberate positive contrast to the bare πνεῦμα of 1:19 (see new term spirit_bare_form), which describes the false teachers as lacking this same Spirit.
Jesus
Approved rendering: যীশু
Transliteration: Jishu
Doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঈসা
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Appears at Jude vv.1, 4, 5, 17, 21, 25. Jude 1:5 contains a CRITICAL textual variant: some manuscripts read Ἰησοῦς as the agent who saved the people out of Egypt, others read ὁ κύριος/ὁ θεός. This bears directly on the pre-existence and deity of Christ and MUST be flagged for theologian review and explicit base-text confirmation before segment translation, regardless of which reading is ultimately followed.
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Applied to Jesus Christ throughout Jude (vv.4, 5, 9, 14, 17, 21, 25). At v.4, paired in a doublet with the NEW Jude term সোভরিন_মাস্টার (অধিপতি, δεσπότης) to intensify the exclusive Lordship the false teachers deny; the doublet must never collapse into প্রভু alone.
Messiah
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ
Inherited from Romans package baseline entry for Χριστός (unmodified). Used throughout Jude (vv.1, 4, 17, 21, 25), always paired with ‘Jesus’ and/or ‘Lord.’ Never মশীহ (shared Bengali Muslim transliteration lacking the crucifixion/resurrection/deity content) without the extensive Muslim-audience-specific qualification this mainstream curriculum does not use.
Salvation
Approved rendering: পরিত্রাণ
Transliteration: poritran
Doctrine: Deity and Pre-existence of Christ / Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Jude 1:3: ‘our common salvation,’ the shared apostolic deposit writer and readers hold in common, grounding the appeal to contend for the faith. Never মুক্তি/মোক্ষ/নাজাত.
Savior
Approved rendering: পরিত্রাতা
Transliteration: poritrata
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: রক্ষাকারী (too generic)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW, derived from the established পরিত্রাণ root. σωτήρ (Jude 1:25): ‘God our Savior… through Jesus Christ our Lord.’ High Trinitarian/Christological stakes in how the Father/Son relationship is parsed grammatically; flag for theologian review to avoid implying two separate, competing objects of worship.
High Risk Terms
Authority
Approved rendering: কর্তৃত্ব
Transliteration: kartrittwo
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: প্রভুত্ব (reserved separately for κυριότης)
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Doxology
NEW. ἐξουσία (Jude 1:25). Right/jurisdiction to rule, distinct from raw might (κράτος); completes the four-fold doxological ascription.
Called
Approved rendering: আহুত
Transliteration: ahuto
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: আমন্ত্রিত, নিমন্ত্রিত
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Jude 1:1: foundational identity of the letter’s recipients as sovereignly, effectually summoned. Must not read as a declinable invitation — Jude’s own argument (false teachers arose among the called community) requires it be clear the call itself did not fail; the false teachers were never truly kept by it.
Causing Divisions
Approved rendering: বিভেদ সৃষ্টিকারী
Transliteration: bibhed srishtikari
Doctrine: Church Unity and the Danger of Divisiveness
Rejected alternatives: যারা ভিন্নমত পোষণ করে (those who differ — too mild)
Original: ἀποδιορίζω
Category: Church
NEW. ἀποδιορίζω (Jude 1:19): a strong charge of destructive schism, not mere disagreement. Must not be softened, given the real social cost of internal church fracture in Bengali Christian minority communities.
Delivered Entrusted
Approved rendering: সমর্পিত/অর্পিত
Transliteration: somorpito/orpito
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: দেওয়া (too generic), শেখানো (teaches, but loses the ‘handed down as fixed deposit’ sense)
Original: παραδίδωμι
Category: Scripture
NEW. παραδίδωμι (Jude 1:3): to hand down a tradition, to entrust. Pairs with once_for_all to establish a closed apostolic deposit, not a personal discovery each generation reinvents.
Deny
Approved rendering: অস্বীকার করা
Transliteration: oshikar kora
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: অবহেলা করা (neglect — too weak)
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Christology
NEW. ἀρνέομαι (Jude 1:4). The false teachers’ functional denial of Christ’s Lordship, likely through immoral practice rather than verbal creed. Must convey active repudiation, not mere neglect.
Dominion Might
Approved rendering: পরাক্রম
Transliteration: porakrom
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি, সামর্থ্য (reserved separately for δύναμις)
Original: κράτος
Category: Doxology
NEW. κράτος (Jude 1:25). Kept distinct from সামর্থ্য (the Romans baseline’s δύναμις rendering) since κράτος specifically emphasizes ruling dominion/might. Both avoid শক্তি, given Bengal’s historic status as the heartland of Shakta Hinduism (Durga/Kali worship).
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: অনন্ত জীবন
Transliteration: ononto jibon
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: ভালো পরজীবন (vague ‘good afterlife’)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
NEW. ζωὴ αἰώνιος (Jude 1:21). Unending, personal fellowship with God; distinct from any cyclical notion of existence in Hindu rebirth cosmology.
Eternal Quality
Approved rendering: অনন্ত / চিরকালীন
Transliteration: ononto / chirokalin
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Rejected alternatives: দীর্ঘস্থায়ী (long-lasting but finite)
Original: αἰώνιος
Category: Judgment
NEW. αἰώνιος (Jude 1:7, ‘eternal fire’). Must convey final, non-repeating, non-cyclical judgment, a direct contrast with any worldview (karma/samsara) in which suffering is temporary and resolves through future rebirths.
Faith The Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাস
Transliteration: bishwas
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: ঈমান, শ্রদ্ধা
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited root from Romans package ‘faith’ (বিশ্বাস), EXTENDED for Jude with a mandatory contextual flag: at Jude 1:3 and 1:20, πίστις denotes the objective body of apostolic doctrine entrusted to the church, NOT personal trusting-in as in Romans. A translator note is mandatory at both occurrences: ‘here বিশ্বাস = প্রেরিত শিক্ষার সম্পূর্ণ বিষয়বস্তু, ব্যক্তিগত আস্থার কাজ নয়।’ Without this note, Bengali readers may collapse this into ঈমান-style creedal affirmation or generic personal piety.
Glorious Ones Concrete
Approved rendering: মহিমাময় সত্তা
Transliteration: mohimamoy sotta
Doctrine: Angelic Order and Reverence for Authority
Rejected alternatives: মহিমা (abstract sense — reserved separately for vv.24-25)
Original: δόξαι (plural, v.8)
Category: Angelology
NEW. δόξα in a distinct concrete plural sense (Jude 1:8): exalted/angelic beings being slandered, NOT the abstract quality of ‘glory.’ A translator note distinguishing this from the abstract মহিমা (see the inherited ‘glory’ entry) is mandatory.
Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified), reserved for the ABSTRACT sense of δόξα at Jude 1:24-25 (‘to him be glory…’). CRITICAL SEMANTIC-RANGE FLAG: Jude 1:8 uses δόξα in a DISTINCT concrete plural sense (‘glorious ones’ / exalted beings) — see the new term glorious_ones_concrete. These two senses must never be rendered with the same phrase without a disambiguating translator note, or v.8 becomes unintelligible (‘they slander glory’ instead of ‘they slander glorious beings’).
Grace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: Grace Perverted into License
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Jude 1:4: the false teachers pervert God’s unmerited grace into a license for immorality (ἀσέλγεια). The grace-vs-license contrast is the entire polemical point of the verse and must never be softened toward পুণ্য (merit) or general কৃপা.
Guard Phylasso
Approved rendering: রক্ষা করা
Transliteration: rokkha kora
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: φυλάσσω
Category: Salvation
NEW. φυλάσσω (Jude 1:24), the letter’s climactic ‘keeping’ statement. A distinct Greek verb from τηρέω but occupying the same semantic domain; using the same Bengali root (রক্ষা) as kept_tereo strengthens the thematic continuity through to the doxology.
Have Mercy On Verb
Approved rendering: দয়া করো/দয়া দেখাও
Transliteration: doya koro/doya dekhao
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἐλεέω
Category: Salvation
NEW. ἐλεέω (Jude 1:22-23), verb form of ἔλεος/দয়া. Active pastoral imperative; must retain obligatory force, not a vague sentiment of sympathy.
Holy
Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Sanctification through Prayer and the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Used across Jude 1:3, 1:14 (holy angels/myriads), and 1:20 (superlative ‘most holy faith’ = পরম পবিত্র). Reuse the same root consistently across all forms.
Judgment
Approved rendering: বিচার
Transliteration: bichar
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, কর্মফল, নিয়তি
Original: κρίμα / κρίσις
Category: Judgment
NEW. Used for both κρίμα (v.4) and κρίσις (v.6, v.15) to preserve their shared semantic domain. Must convey a personal divine legal verdict pronounced by a personal, holy God, never an impersonal karmic outcome accruing automatically from past deeds, and never the Islamic weighed-deeds framework in which final judgment outcome remains formally uncertain until death.
Kept Tereo
Approved rendering: রক্ষা করা / রক্ষিত রাখা
Transliteration: rokkha kora / rokkhito rakha
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: বাঁচানো (save from danger — too narrow), different verbs per occurrence (EXPLICITLY REJECTED — destroys the wordplay)
Original: τηρέω
Category: Salvation
NEW — SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT LEXICAL-CONSISTENCY RULE IN THE LETTER. τηρέω (Jude 1:1, 1:6 [twice], 1:13, 1:21). MUST use the SAME Bengali root for every occurrence, including both ‘God keeps believers’ and the ironic ‘kept for judgment’ sense, or Jude’s deliberate irony vanishes entirely for the Bengali reader.
Lordship Dominion
Approved rendering: প্রভুত্ব
Transliteration: provutto
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: কর্তৃত্ব (reserved separately for ἐξουσία)
Original: κυριότης
Category: Christology
NEW. κυριότης (Jude 1:8): the legitimate spiritual authority the false teachers reject. Built on the same root as প্রভু to preserve the lexical connection to the κύριος word-family.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: প্রেম
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: God’s Love and the Believer’s Perseverance
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Church
NEW (established mainstream Bengali Bible term, retained per translation-tradition precedent). ἀγάπη (Jude vv.1, 2, 21). Carries strong pre-existing Vaishnava bhakti-devotional (Radha-Krishna prema-bhakti) associations, especially salient given the Bengali Chaitanya Vaishnava heritage; requires careful catechetical framing distinguishing God’s self-giving covenantal love from romantic-devotional rasa imagery. Kept lexically distinct from the concrete institutional sense at v.12 (see love_feasts_concrete).
Majesty
Approved rendering: মহত্ত্ব
Transliteration: mohotto
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: মহিমা (reserved separately for δόξα)
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: Doxology
NEW. μεγαλωσύνη (Jude 1:25). Kept lexically distinct from মহিমা despite semantic overlap in English ‘glory/majesty,’ to preserve the doxology’s four-fold structure.
Mercy
Approved rendering: দয়া
Transliteration: doya
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা (reserved for non-soteriological compassion), অনুগ্রহ (reserved for soteriological grace)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW. ἔλεος (Jude 1:2, 1:21, 1:22-23). Distinct from অনুগ্রহ and কৃপা; carries the covenantal, relational sense of mercy required for ‘Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering’ without collapsing into a transactional favor-seeking framework resembling shrine-based folk-Islamic pir intercession or Hindu petitionary puja.
Once For All
Approved rendering: একবারের জন্য (চিরকালের জন্য)
Transliteration: ekbarer jonno (chirokaler jonno)
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: একসময়, একবার (unqualified, ambiguous with mere singular occurrence)
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Scripture
NEW. ἅπαξ (Jude 1:3) modifies ‘delivered’: the faith was handed down in a single, closed, completed act. Guards the finality of the apostolic deposit against Hindu-adjacent notions of ever-unfolding revelation and against Islamic claims of a later, superseding revelation.
Only Exclusive
Approved rendering: একমাত্র
Transliteration: ekmatro
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μόνος
Category: God
NEW. μόνος (implicit in Jude 1:4’s μόνον δεσπότην; explicit in 1:25’s μόνῳ θεῷ). Reasserts strict monotheistic exclusivity for both Hindu-majority readers (who ordinarily assume multiple divine figures) and Muslim-majority readers (for whom Trinitarian language can wrongly appear to compromise tawhid). Must be retained at both occurrences.
Own Domain Position
Approved rendering: নিজ পদ/কর্তৃত্ব
Transliteration: nijo pod/kartrittwo
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Rejected alternatives: শুরু (beginning — HIGH-RISK REJECTED MISTRANSLATION)
Original: ἀρχή (contextual sense)
Category: Angelology
NEW. ἀρχή in its contextual sense (Jude 1:6): rank/domain of authority the fallen angels abandoned. MUST NOT be rendered শুরু (‘beginning’), ἀρχή’s far more common NT sense; this specific error would produce a theologically confused and simply wrong reading.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer shamorthyo
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified), retained here as the CONTRAST REFERENCE for Jude’s new term dominion_might (পরাক্রম, κράτος, v.25). সামর্থ্য (δύναμις/capability) and পরাক্রম (κράτος/ruling might) must remain lexically distinct from each other, and both must strictly avoid শক্তি, given Bengal’s Shakta-Hindu goddess-power associations.
Prophesy Verb
Approved rendering: ভাববাণী করলেন
Transliteration: bhabbani korlen
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Boundary of the Canon
Original: προφητεύω
Category: Scripture
NEW, derived from the inherited ‘prophecy’ root. προφητεύω (Jude 1:14), describing Enoch’s utterance quoted from the non-canonical Book of Enoch. Requires a mandatory accompanying teaching note clarifying that Jude affirms the truth of this specific saying WITHOUT elevating the entire Book of Enoch to canonical status.
Saints
Approved rendering: পবিত্র লোক
Transliteration: pobitro lok
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: সাধু, সাধুগণ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Implicit background designation for Jude’s recipients (v.1, v.3). Never সাধু/সাধুগণ, which evokes a Hindu/Jain wandering ascetic renunciate; Jude addresses ordinary embattled believers, not a spiritual elite.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: পবিত্রীকরণ
Transliteration: pobitrikoron
Doctrine: Sanctification through Prayer and the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: শুদ্ধিকরণ
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified); retained for doctrinal completeness even though the specific noun ἁγιασμός does not occur lexically in Jude. The concept underlies Jude 1:20’s ‘building up on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Spirit’ as the positive counterpart to the Spirit-less false teachers of 1:19.
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Root for Jude’s derived term পাপী (ἁμαρτωλός, ‘sinners,’ v.15), paired with ঈশ্বরহীন for maximal condemnation of the false teachers.
Soulish Unspiritual
Approved rendering: অনাত্মিক
Transliteration: onattik
Doctrine: Spirit-Indwelling and the Authenticity of Faith
Rejected alternatives: মনস্তাত্ত্বিক, মানসিক, জাগতিক
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Church
NEW COINED TERM requiring theologian sign-off. ψυχικός (Jude 1:19): negation of the baseline’s established আত্মিক (Spirit-given) root. Must convey specific absence of the Holy Spirit’s indwelling, not vague psychological/emotional deficiency. This is one of the few points in the curriculum where no existing Bengali Bible-translation consensus exists to inherit; once approved, this coinage must be reused identically at every future occurrence of the ψυχικός word-group in derived curricula.
Sovereign Master
Approved rendering: অধিপতি
Transliteration: odhipoti
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মালিক (too mundane/commercial), প্রভু (reserved separately for κύριος)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
NEW. δεσπότης (Jude 1:4), paired as a doublet with κύριος (প্রভু) to intensify the exclusivity of Christ’s Lordship being denied by the false teachers. Must remain a distinct Bengali word from প্রভু so the doublet’s intensifying force survives translation.
Spirit Bare Form
Approved rendering: (পবিত্র) আত্মা
Transliteration: (pobitro) attha
Doctrine: Spirit-Indwelling and the Authenticity of Faith
Rejected alternatives: আত্মা (generic, unqualified), প্রাণ, মন
Original: πνεῦμα (without ἅγιον)
Category: God
NEW. Jude 1:19: the bare Greek πνεῦμα (without ἅγιον) refers contextually to God’s Holy Spirit (per common NT convention, cf. Romans 8:9); its absence marks the false teachers as inauthentic. Must not be rendered as a generic ‘spirit,’ ‘life-force,’ or ‘soul,’ which risks resonance with impersonal Hindu ātman/prāṇa concepts. A translator note clarifying that the bare term here means God’s Holy Spirit specifically is required.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরহীন / ঈশ্বরহীনতা
Transliteration: Ishshorhin / Ishshorhinota
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: ধর্মহীন, ভক্তিহীন, অধার্মিক
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Judgment
NEW. ἀσεβής/ἀσέβεια, the letter’s central polemical term (vv.4, 15 [5x], 18). Deliberately built on ঈশ্বর (God) rather than ধর্ম-roots (which the baseline forbids for righteousness/law, since ধর্ম conflates religious-community identity with righteousness) or ভক্তি-roots (Vaishnava bhakti-devotion associations, implying mere deficient devotional feeling).
Unnatural Flesh
Approved rendering: ভিন্ন প্রকৃতির মাংসের প্রতি কামনা
Transliteration: vinno prokritir mangsher proti kamona
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Rejected alternatives: সাধারণ ব্যভিচার (generic immorality — loses the specific typological point)
Original: σαρκὸς ἑτέρας
Category: Judgment
NEW. σαρκὸς ἑτέρας (Jude 1:7), idiom tied to the Genesis 19 narrative. Sensitive content requiring careful, non-graphic, doctrinally faithful phrasing preserving the judgment-warning point without vulgarizing or vaguing it.
Wavering Doubting
Approved rendering: দ্বিধাগ্রস্ত/সন্দিহান
Transliteration: dwidhagrosto/sondihan
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: ধর্মত্যাগী (apostate/religion-abandoner — wrongly implies settled communal defection)
Original: διακρίνομαι
Category: Faith
NEW. διακρίνομαι (Jude 1:22). Must convey genuine inner uncertainty deserving compassionate rescue, not settled apostasy — a distinction with real pastoral stakes given social pressure in both Hindu-majority and Muslim-majority contexts for a wavering believer to fully revert to the majority religious community.
Without Stumbling
Approved rendering: না হোঁচট খেয়ে/বিনা বাধায়
Transliteration: na hnochot kheye/bina badhay
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἄπταιστος
Category: Salvation
NEW. ἄπταιστος (Jude 1:24). God’s guaranteeing power over the believer’s stability; must not be weakened into a merely aspirational hope, since the text asserts a guarantee, not a possibility.
Medium Risk Terms
Age Forever
Approved rendering: যুগ/অনন্তকাল
Transliteration: jug/onontokal
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: αἰών
Category: Doxology
NEW. αἰών (Jude 1:13, 1:25), conceptually paired with αἰώνιος though a distinct lexical form; must convey genuine permanence.
Angels
Approved rendering: স্বর্গদূত
Transliteration: sworgodut
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Angelology
NEW. ἄγγελος (Jude 1:6), heavenly messenger-beings, distinct usage from a generic messenger.
Apostle
Approved rendering: প্রেরিত
Transliteration: prerito
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Prophetic Warning
Rejected alternatives: দূত, বার্তাবাহক
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Jude 1:17: Jude appeals to established prior apostolic teaching predicting the rise of scoffers. Distinguish from a generic messenger, missionary, or a Sufi pir/Hindu guru-style spiritual teacher role.
Archangel
Approved rendering: প্রধান স্বর্গদূত
Transliteration: prodhan sworgodut
Doctrine: Angelic Order and Reverence for Authority
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Angelology
NEW. ἀρχάγγελος (Jude 1:9), identifies Michael, whose restraint contrasts with the false teachers’ recklessness.
Awaiting Expecting
Approved rendering: প্রত্যাশায় থাকা/অপেক্ষা করা
Transliteration: prottashay thaka/opeksha kora
Doctrine: Eschatological Expectation (Last Days)
Original: προσδέχομαι
Category: Eschatology
NEW. προσδέχομαι (Jude 1:21), active, hopeful anticipation of Christ’s mercy, not passive resignation.
Beloved
Approved rendering: প্রিয়/প্রিয়গণ
Transliteration: priyo/priyogon
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Sainthood
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Church
NEW. ἀγαπητός (Jude 1:1, 3, 17, 20). Pastoral affectionate address opening several sections; must not read as mere polite formality.
Bombastic Words
Approved rendering: অহংকারপূর্ণ বড় বড় কথা
Transliteration: ohongkarpurno boro boro kotha
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Character and Greed
Original: ὑπέρογκος
Category: Judgment
NEW. ὑπέρογκος (Jude 1:16), inflated, self-aggrandizing rhetoric.
Bondservant
Approved rendering: দাস
Transliteration: das
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
NEW. δοῦλος (Jude 1:1), Jude’s honorific self-designation of total devotion to Christ, not degraded status; parallels Paul’s self-designation in Romans 1:1.
Building Up
Approved rendering: গেঁথে তোলা/উন্নতিসাধন করা
Transliteration: genthe tola/unnotishadhon kora
Doctrine: Sanctification through Prayer and the Spirit
Original: ἐποικοδομέω
Category: Church
NEW. ἐποικοδομέω (Jude 1:20), positive counterpart to the false teachers’ destructive divisiveness (v.19), ties to the baseline’s mutual-edification doctrine.
Convict Expose
Approved rendering: দোষী প্রমাণ করা/প্রকাশ করা
Transliteration: doshi proman kora/prokash kora
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐλέγχω
Category: Judgment
NEW. ἐλέγχω (Jude 1:15), public exposure and pronouncement of guilt at final judgment, not private correction.
Crept In Secretly
Approved rendering: গোপনে প্রবেশ করেছে
Transliteration: gopone probesh koreche
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: παρεισδύω
Category: Judgment
NEW. παρεισδύω (Jude 1:4), covert infiltration by the false teachers.
Darkness Skotos
Approved rendering: অন্ধকার
Transliteration: ondhokar
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: σκότος
Category: Judgment
NEW. σκότος (Jude 1:13), paired with ζόφος in the intensified doubling; must not duplicate the exact word chosen for ζόφος so the doublet remains perceptible.
Defile
Approved rendering: কলুষিত করে
Transliteration: kolushito kore
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: অশুচি করে (ritual-purity resonance — rejected)
Original: μιαίνω
Category: Judgment
NEW. μιαίνω (Jude 1:8), moral (not ritual) defilement; deliberately avoids অশুচি-root vocabulary.
Desire Lust
Approved rendering: অভিলাষ/কামনা
Transliteration: obhilash/kamona
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Character and Greed
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Judgment
NEW. ἐπιθυμία (Jude 1:16, 1:18), negative self-serving craving; must be marked negative in context, since the term can be neutral elsewhere in the NT.
Destroy Corrupt
Approved rendering: বিনষ্ট করা/বিনষ্ট হয়
Transliteration: binosto kora/binosto hoy
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: φθείρω
Category: Judgment
NEW. φθείρω (Jude 1:10), moral corruption with eschatological consequence.
Devil
Approved rendering: দিয়াবল/শয়তান
Transliteration: diyabol/shoytan
Doctrine: Angelic Order and Reverence for Authority
Original: διάβολος
Category: Angelology
NEW. διάβολος (Jude 1:9). Must be kept as a personal malevolent being, not a vague impersonal ‘evil force.‘
Error Deception
Approved rendering: ভ্রান্তি
Transliteration: vranti
Doctrine: Further Old Testament Rebellion Types (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: πλάνη
Category: Judgment
NEW. πλάνη (Jude 1:11), Balaam’s error pursued for reward; note wordplay with πλανήτης (‘wanderer,’ v.13) — keep the same root where possible.
Everlasting Aidios
Approved rendering: চিরস্থায়ী
Transliteration: chirosthayi
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ἀίδιος
Category: Judgment
NEW. ἀίδιος (Jude 1:6), a rare NT word (also Romans 1:20). Chains binding the fallen angels are permanent, not temporary custody.
Example Warning
Approved rendering: দৃষ্টান্ত/সতর্কীকরণের নমুনা
Transliteration: drishtanto/sotorkikoroner nomuna
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Rejected alternatives: দৃষ্টান্ত (alone, too weak without the warning-force qualifier)
Original: δεῖγμα
Category: Judgment
NEW. δεῖγμα (Jude 1:7), core to the OT-types doctrine; a publicly-displayed warning-example, not a private lesson or moralizing anecdote.
Exultation
Approved rendering: উল্লাস
Transliteration: ullash
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἀγαλλίασις
Category: Eschatology
NEW. ἀγαλλίασις (Jude 1:24), intense overflowing joy at the believer’s final presentation before God — not fear.
Fearlessly
Approved rendering: নির্ভয়ে/নির্লজ্জভাবে
Transliteration: nirvoye/nirlojjabhabe
Doctrine: Fear of God in Pastoral Ministry
Original: ἀφόβως
Category: Judgment
NEW. ἀφόβως (Jude 1:12), marked contrast with the commendable reverential fear of v.23; not commendable courage.
Flatter Idiom
Approved rendering: তোষামোদ করা (লাভের আশায়)
Transliteration: toshamod kora (labher ashay)
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Character and Greed
Rejected alternatives: মুখ দেখে প্রশংসা করা (literal calque of the Greek idiom — REJECTED per idiom-handling rule)
Original: θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα
Category: Judgment
NEW. θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα (Jude 1:16), a Semitic idiom for flattery/partiality shown for gain. The literal Greek idiom must NOT be translated word-for-word (‘admire faces’); render by meaning only.
Fruitless
Approved rendering: নিষ্ফল
Transliteration: nishfol
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Character and Greed
Original: ἄκαρπος
Category: Judgment
NEW. ἄκαρπος (Jude 1:12), no genuine spiritual fruit despite outward appearance.
Gloom Darkness Zophos
Approved rendering: ঘোর অন্ধকার
Transliteration: ghor ondhokar
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ζόφος
Category: Angelology
NEW. ζόφος (Jude 1:6, intensified at 1:13). Recurs at both verses — must render consistently to preserve the deliberate verbal link between the angels’ judgment and the false teachers’ destiny.
Grumblers
Approved rendering: অভিযোগকারী
Transliteration: obhijogkari
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Character and Greed
Original: γογγυστής
Category: Judgment
NEW. γογγυστής (Jude 1:16), deliberately echoing Israel’s wilderness grumbling, linking back to v.5.
Hidden Reefs Stains
Approved rendering: গুপ্ত বিপদজনক পাথর / কলঙ্ক
Transliteration: gupto bipodjonok pathor / kolongko
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Character and Greed
Original: σπιλάς
Category: Judgment
NEW. σπιλάς (Jude 1:12), a genuine lexical ambiguity in the Greek itself (‘hidden reef’ or ‘stain/blemish’). Recommend the ‘reef’ reading (pairs with v.13’s sea imagery) but flag both for native-speaker/theologian review.
Irrational Animals
Approved rendering: অবোধ পশু
Transliteration: obodh poshu
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Character and Greed
Original: ἄλογα ζῷα
Category: Judgment
NEW. ἄλογα ζῷα (Jude 1:10), a sharp rhetorical insult contrasting instinct with reason.
Last Time
Approved rendering: শেষকাল
Transliteration: sheshkal
Doctrine: Eschatological Expectation (Last Days)
Original: ἔσχατος χρόνος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. ἔσχατος χρόνος (Jude 1:18), frames the apostolic prediction of scoffers as an expected feature of the last days, not a surprising anomaly.
Love Feasts Concrete
Approved rendering: প্রেম-ভোজ/সহভোজ
Transliteration: prem-bhoj/shohobhoj
Doctrine: Church Unity and the Danger of Divisiveness
Rejected alternatives: সহভোজ (alone, loses the ἀγάπη-root wordplay with v.21)
Original: ἀγάπαι
Category: Church
NEW. ἀγάπαι (Jude 1:12), a concrete institutional referent to the early church’s communal fellowship meals, distinct from the abstract love_agape sense elsewhere. Requires a translator note distinguishing the two senses.
Malcontents
Approved rendering: অসন্তুষ্ট ব্যক্তি
Transliteration: oshontushto bekti
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Character and Greed
Original: μεμψίμοιρος
Category: Judgment
NEW. μεμψίμοιρος (Jude 1:16), chronic dissatisfaction reinforcing the picture of self-focus.
Mockers Scoffers
Approved rendering: বিদ্রূপকারী/ঠাট্টাকারী
Transliteration: bidrupkari/thattakari
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Prophetic Warning
Original: ἐμπαίκτης
Category: Eschatology
NEW. ἐμπαίκτης (Jude 1:18), derision of sacred truth specifically, not generic teasing.
Peace
Approved rendering: শান্তি
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Eschatological Expectation (Last Days) / Salutation Blessing
Rejected alternatives: সুখ, স্বস্তি
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Jude 1:2’s salutation blessing formula (‘mercy, peace, and love be multiplied’). Relational, covenantal peace, not psychological calm.
Perished
Approved rendering: বিনষ্ট করলেন/বিনষ্ট হলো
Transliteration: binosto korlen/binosto holo
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ἀπόλλυμι
Category: Judgment
NEW. ἀπόλλυμι (Jude 1:5, 1:11). Render with the same root at both occurrences to preserve the letter’s deliberate verbal echo linking the two OT warning-types.
Rebellion Dispute
Approved rendering: বিরোধিতা/বিদ্রোহ
Transliteration: birodhita/bidroho
Doctrine: Further Old Testament Rebellion Types (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: ἀντιλογία
Category: Judgment
NEW. ἀντιλογία (Jude 1:11), Korah’s rebellion against God-established authority through Moses.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: ধমক দিন/অনুযোগ করুন
Transliteration: dhomok din/onujog korun
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ἐπιτιμάω
Category: Angelology
NEW. ἐπιτιμάω (Jude 1:9), ‘the Lord rebuke you’ — Michael defers even a justified reproof to the Lord’s exclusive authority.
Reject Set Aside
Approved rendering: অগ্রাহ্য করে
Transliteration: ograhyo kore
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ἀθετέω
Category: Judgment
NEW. ἀθετέω (Jude 1:8), active, willful rejection of legitimate authority, not mere ignorance.
Reverential Fear
Approved rendering: সতর্কতাপূর্ণ ভয়/সম্ভ্রম
Transliteration: sotorkotapurno voy/sombhrom
Doctrine: Fear of God in Pastoral Ministry
Rejected alternatives: ভয় (alone, could be misread as terror rather than cautious reverence)
Original: φόβος
Category: Church
NEW. φόβος (Jude 1:23), cautious self-watchfulness while ministering to compromised individuals, not terror.
Revile Blaspheme
Approved rendering: নিন্দা করে
Transliteration: ninda kore
Doctrine: Angelic Order and Reverence for Authority
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বরনিন্দা (reserved for direct blasphemy against God specifically)
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: Judgment
NEW. βλασφημέω (Jude 1:8, 1:10), speaking abusively/contemptuously, here toward exalted beings, not God directly.
Reward Wages
Approved rendering: মজুরি/লাভ
Transliteration: mojuri/labh
Doctrine: Further Old Testament Rebellion Types (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: μισθός
Category: Judgment
NEW. μισθός (Jude 1:11), Balaam’s profit-driven error, parallels the false teachers’ greed at v.16.
Self Shepherding
Approved rendering: পালন করা (নিজেদের)
Transliteration: palon kora (nijeder)
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Character and Greed
Original: ποιμαίνω
Category: Church
NEW. ποιμαίνω (Jude 1:12), biting critique of self-serving leaders ‘shepherding only themselves.‘
Sensuality
Approved rendering: স্বেচ্ছাচারিতা
Transliteration: swecchacharita
Doctrine: Grace Perverted into License
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Judgment
NEW. ἀσέλγεια (Jude 1:4), unrestrained moral abandon; must retain moral force, not read as mere ‘freedom.‘
Sexual Immorality Intensive
Approved rendering: ব্যভিচার করেছিল
Transliteration: bebhichar koreche
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ἐκπορνεύω
Category: Judgment
NEW. ἐκπορνεύω (Jude 1:7), Sodom and Gomorrah’s characteristic sin; should convey severity beyond ordinary πορνεύω.
Shame Disgrace
Approved rendering: লজ্জাজনক কাজ/কলঙ্ক
Transliteration: lojjajonok kaj/kolongko
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Character and Greed
Original: αἰσχύνη
Category: Judgment
NEW. αἰσχύνη (Jude 1:13). Honor/shame dynamics are unusually salient in Bengali culture; must convey public moral disgrace, not private embarrassment.
Sinners
Approved rendering: পাপী
Transliteration: papi
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Judgment
NEW, derived from the inherited পাপ root. ἁμαρτωλός (Jude 1:15), combined with ungodly for maximal condemnation.
Snatching Seizing
Approved rendering: ছোঁ মেরে (আগুন থেকে) তুলে আনা
Transliteration: chnu mere (agun theke) tule ana
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: রক্ষা করা (alone, too calm/generic for the urgency here)
Original: ἁρπάζω
Category: Salvation
NEW. ἁρπάζω (Jude 1:23), urgent, forceful, hands-on rescue imagery echoing the eschatological fire of v.7.
Stained Garment
Approved rendering: কলুষিত/দাগযুক্ত
Transliteration: kolushito/dagjukto
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: σπιλόω
Category: Judgment
NEW. σπιλόω (Jude 1:23), possible wordplay with σπιλάς (v.12) if the ‘stain’ reading is followed there.
Wandering Stars
Approved rendering: উদ্ভ্রান্ত তারা
Transliteration: udvranto tara
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Character and Greed
Original: πλανήτης
Category: Judgment
NEW. πλανήτης (Jude 1:13), wordplay with πλάνη (v.11); preserve the root connection where possible.
Low Risk Terms
Adam
Approved rendering: আদম
Transliteration: Adam
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Boundary of the Canon
Original: Ἀδάμ
Category: Proper Names
NEW proper name (Jude 1:14), genealogical anchor for dating Enoch.
Amen
Approved rendering: আমেন
Transliteration: amen
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Doxology
NEW to this TM file (not present in the Romans baseline TM, though the baseline requirements doc already fixes আমেন as the established transliteration convention for ‘Amen’ generally). Jude 1:25’s closing liturgical affirmation.
Balaam
Approved rendering: বিলিয়ম
Transliteration: Balaam
Doctrine: Further Old Testament Rebellion Types (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: Proper Names
NEW proper name, established/house-style Bengali form (Jude 1:11).
Cain
Approved rendering: কয়িন
Transliteration: Kain
Doctrine: Further Old Testament Rebellion Types (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: Κάϊν
Category: Proper Names
NEW proper name, established/house-style Bengali form (Jude 1:11).
Dreaming Visionary
Approved rendering: স্বপ্নদর্শী হয়ে
Transliteration: swapnodorshi hoye
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐνυπνιάζομαι
Category: Judgment
NEW. ἐνυπνιάζομαι (Jude 1:8), the false teachers’ self-deluded visionary claims.
Dwelling Place
Approved rendering: নিজ বাসস্থান
Transliteration: nijo bashsthan
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: οἰκητήριον
Category: Angelology
NEW. οἰκητήριον (Jude 1:6), the angels’ proper heavenly abode.
Enoch
Approved rendering: হনোক
Transliteration: Henoch
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Boundary of the Canon
Original: Ἑνώχ
Category: Proper Names
NEW proper name (Jude 1:14). The surrounding canon-boundary claim carries High doctrinal risk — see prophesy_verb.
Exhort
Approved rendering: উৎসাহিত করা
Transliteration: utshahito kora
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified). Jude 1:3 uses this same Greek root (παρακαλῶν) in the sense of urging/appealing, immediately preceding the core imperative ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι (see contend_earnestly); in this context render with the entreaty sense (বিনতি করে/আহ্বান জানিয়ে) rather than the building-up sense, per the baseline’s own context-sensitivity note.
James
Approved rendering: যাকোব
Transliteration: Jakob
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰάκωβος
Category: Proper Names
NEW proper name (Jude 1:1), Jude’s self-identification anchor as brother of James.
Korah
Approved rendering: কোরহ
Transliteration: Kore
Doctrine: Further Old Testament Rebellion Types (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: Κόρε
Category: Proper Names
NEW proper name, established/house-style Bengali form (Jude 1:11).
Moses
Approved rendering: মোশি
Transliteration: Moshi
Doctrine: Angelic Order and Reverence for Authority
Original: Μωυσῆς
Category: Proper Names
NEW proper name (Jude 1:9), established Bengali Bible house-style form matching the Romans requirements doc’s transliteration standard.
Multiplied
Approved rendering: বৃদ্ধি পাক
Transliteration: briddhi pak
Doctrine: God’s Love and the Believer’s Perseverance
Original: πληθύνω
Category: Church
NEW. πληθύνω (Jude 1:2), standard epistolary blessing-wish form.
Myriads
Approved rendering: বহু সহস্র/অযুত
Transliteration: bohu sohostro/oyut
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: μυριάς
Category: Eschatology
NEW. μυριάς (Jude 1:14), the vast holy angelic host accompanying the Lord’s coming judgment.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ভাববাণী
Transliteration: bhabbani
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Boundary of the Canon
Rejected alternatives: গণনা
Inherited from Romans package (unmodified), root for the new derived verb-entry prophesy_verb at Jude 1:14 (Enoch’s citation).
Sodom And Gomorrah
Approved rendering: সদোম ও ঘমোরা
Transliteration: Sodom o Ghomora
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Proper Names
NEW proper names (Jude 1:7); low lexical risk but High doctrinal weight as a warning-type passage.
Tunic Garment
Approved rendering: বস্ত্র/জামা
Transliteration: bostro/jama
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: χιτών
Category: Judgment
NEW. χιτών (Jude 1:23), straightforward everyday-clothing term used in the contamination image.
Woe
Approved rendering: ধিক্
Transliteration: dhik
Doctrine: Further Old Testament Rebellion Types (Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: οὐαί
Category: Judgment
NEW. οὐαί (Jude 1:11), a formal prophetic pronouncement of doom; must match the solemn Bengali Bible prophetic-woe register, not a casual exclamation.
Referenced passages