Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 2 Corinthians — English → Bengali
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning 2 Corinthians chapters 1–13. Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked (reuse) and MUST use the recorded rendering exactly, with no deviation. New terms specific to 2 Corinthians are marked (new) and are proposed for addition to translation memory in the next Phase 1 step. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low framework.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused in 2 Corinthians
| Term | Greek Original | Bengali Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Key 2 Cor. Refs | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | ঈশ্বর | Critical | Deity of Christ | 1:2-3; 5:19-21; 13:14 | Reuse exactly; never ভগবান/আল্লাহ |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | যীশু | Critical | Lordship of Christ | throughout | Reuse exactly; never ঈসা |
| Lord | κύριος | প্রভু | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:2-3; 4:5; 5:11; 13:14 | Reuse exactly |
| Christ | Χριστός | খ্রীষ্ট | Critical | Messianic Promise | throughout | Reuse exactly |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | পবিত্র আত্মা | Critical | Sanctification | 1:22; 3:3-18; 5:5; 13:14 | Reuse exactly; never ব্রহ্ম/পরমাত্মা |
| Father | πατήρ | পিতা | Critical | Adoption | 1:3; 6:18 | Reuse exactly |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | ঈশ্বরের পুত্র | Critical | Sonship of Christ | 1:19 | Reuse exactly |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω | পুনরুত্থান | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 4:14; 5:15 | Never পুনর্জন্ম |
| salvation | σωτηρία | পরিত্রাণ | Critical | Salvation | 1:6; 6:2; 7:10 | Never মুক্তি/মোক্ষ/নাজাত |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | ধার্মিকতা | Critical | Salvation | 3:9; 5:21; 6:7,14; 9:9-10; 11:15 | Never ধর্ম |
| grace | χάρις | অনুগ্রহ | High/Critical | Grace | 1:2; 4:15; 6:1; 8:1-9; 9:8,14; 12:9; 13:14 | Extended sense in ch. 8-9 — see Section B note |
| faith | πίστις | বিশ্বাস | High | Faith | 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 8:7; 10:15; 13:5 | Never ঈমান/শ্রদ্ধা |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | প্রেরিত | Medium | Apostleship | 1:1; 11:5,13; 12:11-12 | Never দূত/বার্তাবাহক |
| glory | δόξα | মহিমা | High | Deity of Christ | 3:7-18; 4:4-6,17 | Never তেজ/জ্যোতি |
| power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ | ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য / সামর্থ্য | High/Critical | Power of God for Salvation | 1:8; 4:7; 6:7; 12:9; 13:4 | Never শক্তি — especially critical given ch. 12’s “Power in Weakness” doctrine |
| holy | ἅγιος | পবিত্র | High | Sanctification | 1:1; 6:6; 7:1; 13:12 | Never শুচি/নির্মল |
| saints | ἅγιοι | পবিত্র লোক | High | Sainthood | 1:1; 8:4; 9:1,12; 13:12 | Never সাধু/সাধুগণ |
| covenant | διαθήκη | নিয়ম | High | New Covenant vs Old | 3:6,14 | See Section B naming-collision note |
| church | ἐκκλησία | মণ্ডলী | Medium | Church as God’s People | 1:1; 8:1,18-19,23-24; 11:8,28; 12:13 | Never মন্দির (for church) |
| sin | ἁμαρτία | পাপ | High | Universal Human Accountability | 5:21 (×2); 11:7 | Distinct from অপরাধ (trespass, new term) |
| thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία | ধন্যবাদ | Low | Thanksgiving | 1:11; 2:14; 4:15; 9:11-12 | Standard |
| fellowship | κοινωνία | সহভাগিতা | Low | Christian Fellowship | 6:14; 8:4; 13:14 | Never বন্ধুত্ব |
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | সুসমাচার | High | Gospel | 2:12; 4:3-4; 9:13; 11:4,7 | Never ইঞ্জিল |
| imputed righteousness (reckon) | λογίζομαι | গণ্য করা (verb, reused pattern) | High | Justification by Faith | 5:19 | Mirror of Romans 4:3’s ἐλογίσθη; here negated (“not reckoning trespasses”) |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by 2 Corinthians
| Term | Greek Original | Transliteration | Bengali Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Key Refs | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| comfort / consolation | παράκλησις / παρακαλέω | paraklēsis | সান্ত্বনা | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:3-7 (×10); 7:4,6,7,13 | — | Root shared with “Paraclete” title of the Holy Spirit elsewhere in NT; must convey relational, God-sourced comfort, not stoic resignation or fatalistic acceptance |
| affliction / suffering | θλῖψις | thlipsis | কষ্ট / দুঃখ-কষ্ট | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:4,6,8; 2:4; 4:17; 6:4; 7:4; 8:2 | ক্লেশ | Forbidden substitution: ক্লেশ is the Hindu/Buddhist yogic-philosophical term for the “five afflictions” (pañca-kleśa) that bind the soul to the rebirth cycle; must never be used |
| reconciliation / reconcile | καταλλαγή / καταλλάσσω | katallagē / katallassō | মিলন / মিলন করানো | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:18-20 | বন্ধুত্ব পুনঃস্থাপন | Core doctrine of the curriculum’s anchor passage; must convey God-initiated, relationally-restorative reconciliation, not karma-appeasement or unilateral decree without relationship |
| new creation | καινὴ κτίσις | kainē ktisis | নতুন সৃষ্টি | Critical | New Creation in Christ | 5:17 | — | Never conflate with পুনর্জন্ম (reincarnation); must convey a decisive, linear, one-time transformation, not a cyclical renewal |
| in Christ | ἐν Χριστῷ | en Christō | খ্রীষ্টে | High | New Creation in Christ / Christian Identity in Christ | 5:17,19; 12:2; 13:5 | — | Signature Pauline union-formula; render consistently, never diluted to “with Christ’s help” |
| word/ministry of reconciliation | λόγος/διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς | logos/diakonia tēs katallagēs | মিলনের বাণী / মিলনের সেবাকাজ | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:18-19 | — | Tied directly to মিলন above |
| ambassador | πρεσβεύω | presbeuō | প্রতিনিধি | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 5:20 | দূত | Diplomatic-envoy sense distinct from প্রেরিত (apostle) and from দূত (angel/messenger elsewhere in this book) |
| trespass | παράπτωμα | paraptōma | অপরাধ | Medium | Reconciliation with God | 5:19 | — | Distinct from general পাপ (sin); denotes a specific transgression/offense |
| judgment seat of Christ | βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ | bēma tou Christou | খ্রীষ্টের বিচারাসন | High | Eschatological accountability (Suffering and Comfort in Ministry) | 5:10 | — | Reward-evaluation for believers, not condemnation (cf. Romans 8:1) and not karmic reckoning |
| sincerity | εἰλικρίνεια | eilikrineia | সরলতা / নিষ্কপটতা | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1:12; 2:17 | — | Transparent, unmanipulative motive before God; not mere social politeness |
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη | kainē diathēkē | নতুন নিয়ম | High | New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6 | — | Naming collision: also the Bengali Bible’s name for the New Testament canon; disambiguate by context |
| old covenant | παλαιὰ διαθήκη | palaia diathēkē | পুরাতন নিয়ম | High | New Covenant versus the Old | 3:14 | — | Same naming-collision caution as above |
| letter (vs. Spirit) | γράμμα | gramma | অক্ষর | High | New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6 | — | Contrast with আত্মা (Spirit); do not devalue Scripture itself, and distinguish from Islamic reverence for the literal Arabic text |
| veil | κάλυμμα | kalymma | আবরণ | High | New Covenant versus the Old | 3:13-16 | পর্দা | পর্দা risks Islamic purdah (gender-veiling) connotation; আবরণ is the safer default |
| image (likeness) | εἰκών | eikōn | প্রতিরূপ | High | New Covenant versus the Old / Deity of Christ | 3:18; 4:4 | প্রতিমা | Forbidden substitution: প্রতিমা is the specific Bengali word for a Hindu devotional idol-statue; must never be used |
| transformed | μεταμορφόω | metamorphoō | রূপান্তরিত হওয়া | Medium | New Covenant versus the Old | 3:18 | — | Progressive Spirit-wrought change, not a deity’s shape-shifting appearance |
| boldness | παρρησία | parrēsia | সাহস | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 3:12; 7:4 | — | — |
| minister / ministry (general) | διάκονος / διακονία | diakonos / diakonia | সেবক / সেবাকাজ | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 3:6; 4:1; 5:18; 6:3-4; 11:15,23 | — | Distinct from প্রেরিত (a specific delegated office) |
| outer man / inner man | ἔξω ἄνθρωπος / ἔσω ἄνθρωπος | exō/esō anthrōpos | বাহ্যিক মানুষ / অন্তরের মানুষ | Medium | Power in Weakness | 4:16 | — | Distinguish from Hindu ātman/body metaphysical dualism |
| walk by faith, not by sight | διὰ πίστεως, οὐ διὰ εἴδους | dia pisteōs, ou dia eidous | বিশ্বাসের দ্বারা, দৃশ্যমান বিষয়ের দ্বারা নয় | High | Faith | 5:7 | — | Reuses established বিশ্বাস; must preserve trust-in-Christ sense |
| temple of God (metaphorical) | ναὸς Θεοῦ | naos Theou | ঈশ্বরের মন্দির | High | New Creation in Christ / Church as God’s People | 6:16 | — | Distinguish believers’/church’s Spirit-indwelling from Hindu deity-in-idol temple housing |
| unequally yoked | ἑτεροζυγέω | heterozygeō | অসমভাবে জোয়ালে যুক্ত হওয়া | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship (applied ethics) | 6:14 | — | Culturally sensitive re: interfaith partnership/marriage |
| godly grief | λύπη κατὰ Θεόν | lypē kata Theon | ঈশ্বরসম্মত দুঃখ | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 7:9-10 | — | Contrasted with জাগতিক দুঃখ (worldly grief) |
| repentance | μετάνοια | metanoia | অনুতাप | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry / Reconciliation | 7:9-10 | — | Distinguish from prāyaścitta (ritual penance/merit-based expiation) |
| grace of giving / generosity | χάρις (extended sense) | charis | অনুগ্রহ (extended use) | High | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:1,4,6,7,9,19 | — | Same word as soteriological grace; requires translator note clarifying the extension |
| poverty/riches of Christ | ἐπτώχευσεν / πλουτήσητε | eptōcheusen / ploutēsēte | দরিদ্র হওয়া / ধনবান হওয়া | High | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:9 | — | Connects to দেহধারণ (Incarnation, Critical, baseline); riches are spiritual, not prosperity-gospel material wealth |
| generosity | ἁπλότης | haplotēs | উদারতা | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:2; 9:11,13 | — | — |
| equality | ἰσότης | isotēs | সমতা | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:13-14 | — | Connects to caste-leveling force of unity_of_jews_and_gentiles doctrine (baseline) |
| cheerful giver / giving | ἱλαρὸς δότης / δόσις | hilaros dotēs | আনন্দের সাথে দানকারী / দান | High | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:6-7 | — | দান carries Hindu dāna (merit-generating) connotation; always anchor to grace in context, not merit |
| sowing and reaping | σπείρω / θερίζω | speirō / therizō | বীজ বপন করা / কাটা | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:6 | — | Avoid deterministic karma-like reading |
| sufficiency | αὐτάρκεια | autarkeia | পর্যাপ্ততা | Low-Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:8 | — | — |
| boasting | καύχησις / καύχημα | kauchēsis / kauchēma | গর্ব | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority / Genuine vs False Apostleship | 1:12; 5:12; 7:4,14; 8:24; 9:2-3; 10-12 (extensively) | — | Dual positive (“in the Lord”)/negative (“in the flesh”) valence; requires contextual qualifier every occurrence |
| weapons of warfare / strongholds | ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας / ὀχυρώματα | hopla tēs strateias / ochyrōmata | যুদ্ধের অস্ত্র / দুর্গ | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 10:4 | — | Military metaphor requires figurative-framing note given regional communal-conflict sensitivities |
| flesh (worldly standard) | κατὰ σάρκα | kata sarka | মাংসিক দৃষ্টিতে / জাগতিক দৃষ্টিতে | High | New Creation in Christ | 5:16; 10:2-3; 11:18 | — | Must use “দৃষ্টিতে” construction; never a bare literal “মাংস” (meat) reading |
| false apostles | ψευδαπόστολοι | pseudapostoloi | ভণ্ড প্রেরিত | Critical | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:13 | — | Anchor term of this curriculum’s discernment doctrine |
| deceitful workers | ἐργάται δόλιοι | ergatai dolioi | প্রতারক কর্মী | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:13 | — | — |
| angel of light (disguise) | ἄγγελος φωτός | angelos phōtos | আলোর দূত (ছদ্মবেশে) | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:14 | — | Relevant given various Bengali guru/enlightenment-claim traditions |
| godly jealousy | ζῆλος Θεοῦ | zēlos Theou | ঈশ্বরসম্মত ঈর্ষা | Medium-High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:2 | — | ঈর্ষা normally negative in Bengali; requires framing as protective, not sinful, jealousy |
| super-apostles (ironic) | ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι | hyperlian apostoloi | অতি প্রেরিত | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:5; 12:11 | — | Sarcastic designation for rival false teachers |
| visions and revelations | ὀπτασίαι καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις | optasiai kai apokalypseis | দর্শন ও প্রত্যাদেশ | High | Power in Weakness | 12:1 | — | দর্শন strongly associated with Hindu temple-idol viewing practice; qualify as “অলৌকিক দর্শন” or gloss |
| third heaven / paradise | τρίτος οὐρανός / παράδεισος | tritos ouranos / paradeisos | তৃতীয় স্বর্গ / পরমদেশ | Medium | Power in Weakness | 12:2-4 | — | Distinguish from Hindu multi-loka cosmology and Islamic Jannat depiction |
| thorn in the flesh | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί | skolops tē sarki | মাংসে কাঁটা | Medium | Power in Weakness | 12:7 | — | Idiom for ongoing affliction; paired with “শয়তানের দূত” |
| weakness | ἀσθένεια | astheneia | দুর্বলতা | High | Power in Weakness | 12:9-10; 13:4,9 | — | Anchor term of this curriculum’s central paradox; must not be softened |
| love | ἀγάπη | prem | প্রেম | Medium-High | Reconciliation with God / general | 2:4,8; 5:14; 8:7-8,24; 13:11,14 | — | Established Christian usage for divine love, but shares the word with secular romantic love; disambiguate by divine object/context |
| mercy | οἰκτιρμός / ἔλεος | oiktirmos / eleos | দয়া / কৃপা | Low-Medium | (general, God’s character) | 1:3 | — | কৃπা permitted here per baseline’s non-soteriological-mercy exception |
| examine yourselves | δοκιμάζω / πειράζω | dokimazō / peirazō | নিজেদের পরীক্ষা করা | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 13:5 | — | Paired with reused বিশ্বাস; avoid implying works-based self-verification |
| Christ in you | Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν | Christos en hymin | তোমাদের মধ্যে খ্রীষ্ট | High | New Creation in Christ | 13:5 | — | Reverse-direction companion to খ্রীষ্টে (in Christ); preserve mutual-indwelling reciprocity |
| holy kiss | ἅγιον φίλημα | hagion philēma | পবিত্র চুম্বন | Medium | Church as God’s People (practice) | 13:12 | — | Cultural-adaptation note needed for practice, not translation itself |
| seal | σφραγίζω | sphragizō | মুদ্রাঙ্কিত করা | Medium | Assurance / Holy Spirit’s work | 1:22 | — | Ownership/authentication metaphor |
| guarantee / pledge | ἀρραβών | arrabōn | জামিনস্বরূপ / বায়নাস্বরূপ | Medium | Assurance / Holy Spirit’s work | 1:22; 5:5 | — | Vivid Bengali commercial-advance-payment image |
| fragrance / aroma | ὀσμή / εὐωδία | osmē / euōdia | সৌরভ / সুগন্ধ | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 2:14-16 | — | Anchor to OT sacrifice/Roman triumph imagery, not Hindu ritual incense-offering to a deity |
| forgive | χαρίζομαι | charizomai | ক্ষমা করা | Medium | (relational forgiveness, distinct from justification) | 2:7,10 | — | Correctly scoped to relational forgiveness, not forensic justification |
| treasure in jars of clay | θησαυρός … ὀστράκινα σκεύη | thēsauros … ostrakina skeuē | ধন … মাটির পাত্রে | Medium | Power in Weakness | 4:7 | — | Avoid prosperity-gospel material-wealth reading |
| eternal weight of glory | αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης | aiōnion baros doxēs | অনন্ত মহিমার ভার | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 4:17 | — | Reuses established মহিমা |
Section C — Chapter Coverage Confirmation
Every chapter of 2 Corinthians (1–13) is represented above by at least one Section A (reused) or Section B (new) term, confirming full-book coverage per the Phase 1 mandate:
- Ch. 1: comfort, affliction, seal, guarantee, mercy + reused terms
- Ch. 2: forgive, Satan (reused শয়তান), fragrance, sincerity
- Ch. 3: new/old covenant, letter/Spirit, veil, image, transformed, boldness, minister
- Ch. 4: treasure in jars of clay, power of God (reused), outer/inner man, eternal weight of glory
- Ch. 5: (see full core-passage treatment) + tent, judgment seat of Christ, walk by faith not sight (vv. 1-10)
- Ch. 6: separation (reused doctrine), temple of God, unequally yoked, day of salvation (reused)
- Ch. 7: godly grief, repentance, comfort (reused), purity (reused root), zeal
- Ch. 8: grace (extended sense), poverty/riches of Christ, generosity, equality, readiness
- Ch. 9: cheerful giver/giving, sowing and reaping, sufficiency, righteousness (reused), thanksgiving (reused)
- Ch. 10: boasting, weapons of warfare/strongholds, flesh (kata sarka)
- Ch. 11: false apostles, deceitful workers, angel of light, godly jealousy, super-apostles
- Ch. 12: visions and revelations, third heaven/paradise, thorn in the flesh, weakness, power of God (reused), grace (reused)
- Ch. 13: examine yourselves, Christ in you, holy kiss, trinitarian benediction (grace/love/fellowship, reused + new love term)
No chapter of 2 Corinthians lacks load-bearing theological vocabulary; the “no new vocabulary” notice permitted by the Phase 1 mandate does not apply anywhere in this book.
This glossary is a Phase 1 analysis artifact. Formal promotion of Section B terms into translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json, with full doctrine-registry entries, occurs in the next Phase 1 step.
Critical Risk Terms
Became Sin
Approved rendering: তাঁকে আমাদের জন্য পাপস্বরূপ করা হলো
Transliteration: tãke amader jonyo papôsworup kora hôlo
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: তিনি আমাদের পাপ বহন করলেন
Original: τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν
Category: Salvation
NEW, CRITICAL. The concentrated substitutionary formula of 5:21a. Must avoid (a) implying Christ became morally sinful in nature (heresy), and (b) softening into a vague ‘took our sins’ that loses the stark identification. Mandatory human theologian review, every occurrence.
Christ Messiah
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never মশীহ without qualification. Occurs throughout 2 Corinthians.
False Apostles
Approved rendering: ভণ্ড প্রেরিত
Transliteration: bhondo prerito
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
NEW, CRITICAL. Anchor term of this doctrine (11:13). Must convey deliberate counterfeit and satanic disguise (11:14-15), not merely a mistaken teacher. Live pastoral concern given the density of gurus/pirs/new-religious-movement teachers across Bengali religious culture. Mandatory human theologian review wherever it occurs.
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকর্তা
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 1:3 (‘Father of mercies’) and 6:18.
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ভগবান/আল্লাহ. Occurs throughout 2 Corinthians, notably 5:19 (‘God was in Christ’).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্র আত্মা
Transliteration: Pobitro Attha
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্ম, পরমাত্মা
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ব্রহ্ম/পরমাত্মা. Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 1:22; 3:3-18; 5:5; 13:14. Must never be rendered as an impersonal force (guard against Jehovah’s Witnesses’ literature register — see 05_translation_landscape.md Section 4).
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: আরোপিত ধার্মিকতা
Transliteration: aropito dharmikota
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: অর্জিত ধার্মিকতা
Inherited from Romans package. Righteousness credited to the believer, not earned. Base forensic pattern for this book’s ‘reckoning_of_trespass’ term (5:19, the negative mirror: sin NOT credited).
Jesus
Approved rendering: যীশু
Transliteration: Jishu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঈসা
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never ঈসা. Occurs throughout 2 Corinthians.
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Exclusive, supreme Lordship. Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 1:2-3; 4:5; 5:11 (base for new term ‘fear_of_the_lord’); 13:14.
New Creation
Approved rendering: নতুন সৃষ্টি
Transliteration: notun srishti
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: নতুন জীবন, নতুনভাবে জন্ম নেওয়া
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: New Creation
NEW, CRITICAL. Anchor term of 5:17. NEVER conflate with পুনর্জন্ম (reincarnation) or a Vaishnavite renewed-birth/avatar-cycle concept. Must convey a decisive, linear, one-time transformation, not a cyclical renewal. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence, including standalone/excerpted quotation.
Reconciled To God Imperative
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের সাথে মিলিত হও
Transliteration: Ishshorer sathe milito hô
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: καταλλάγητε τῷ Θεῷ
Category: Reconciliation
NEW, CRITICAL. The passive-voice appeal (5:20) to receive reconciliation God has already accomplished — not a command to perform a reconciling act oneself. Preserve the passive/receptive force wherever Bengali grammar allows. Mandatory human theologian review.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: মিলন / মিলন করানো
Transliteration: milon / milon korano
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: বন্ধুত্ব পুনঃস্থাপন
Original: καταλλαγή / καταλλάσσω
Category: Reconciliation
NEW, CRITICAL. Core-passage anchor term (5:18-20). Must convey God-initiated, relationally restorative reconciliation. Must never be read as (a) Hindu ritual appeasement of an offended deity through sacrifice/merit, or (b) Islamic unilateral forgiveness-by-decree without relationship. Mandatory translator note at first occurrence: ‘মিলন — ঈশ্বর কর্তৃক আরম্ভিত, খ্রীষ্টের মাধ্যমে সম্পন্ন সম্পর্ক পুনঃস্থাপন, মানুষের অর্জিত কোনো বিষয় নয়।‘
Resurrection
Approved rendering: পুনরুত্থান
Transliteration: punorutthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম, পুনর্জীবন
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never পুনর্জন্ম (reincarnation). Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 4:14; 5:15 (‘died and was raised’). Must also be distinguished from the Ahmadiyya/Islamic denial that Jesus died on the cross at all.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ধার্মিকতা
Transliteration: dharmikota
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, পুণ্য, ন্যায়
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never ধর্ম (religion/duty). Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 3:9; 5:21; 6:7,14; 9:9-10; 11:15. In 5:21, ‘we might become the righteousness of God’ must preserve the emphatic ‘becoming’ force, not flatten to ‘receive’.
Salvation
Approved rendering: পরিত্রাণ
Transliteration: poritran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, or নাজাত. Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 1:6; 6:2 (‘day of salvation’); 7:10 (linked to repentance — must not collapse into prāyaścitta ritual-penance logic).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পুত্র
Transliteration: Ishshorer Putro
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: দেবপুত্র, ঈশ্বরের অংশ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never দেবপুত্র. Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 1:19 (‘the Son of God, Jesus Christ…was not Yes and No’).
Word Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: মিলনের বাণী
Transliteration: miloner bani
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ὁ λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
NEW, CRITICAL. The gospel message entrusted to believers as agents of God’s reconciling work (5:19). Same doctrinal family as মিলন; must not be reduced to generic ‘good news’ detached from the reconciliation doctrine.
High Risk Terms
Affliction
Approved rendering: কষ্ট / দুঃখ-কষ্ট
Transliteration: kosto / dukkho-kosto
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: ক্লেশ
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Suffering and Comfort
NEW. FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never ক্লেশ, the Hindu/Buddhist yogic-philosophical term for the pañca-kleśa (‘five afflictions’) binding the soul to the rebirth cycle. Use কষ্ট/দুঃখ-কষ্ট (1:4,6,8; 2:4; 4:17; 6:4; 7:4; 8:2). Add to forbidden-substitution list alongside শক্তি/মুক্তি.
Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: আলোর দূত (ছদ্মবেশে)
Transliteration: aloর dut (chhôdmobeshe)
Doctrine: Satanic Deception and Counterfeit Spirituality
Original: μετασχηματίζεται εἰς ἄγγελον φωτός
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Satan’s capacity to disguise himself as a messenger of divine light (11:14). দূত here is ἄγγελος (angel/messenger), a different Greek term from ἀπόστολος; no conflict with baseline’s rejection of দূত for apostle. Relevant given Bengali guru/new-religious-movement traditions claiming spiritual ‘light’; framing must remain non-inflammatory.
Boasting
Approved rendering: গর্ব
Transliteration: gorbo
Doctrine: Boasting in the Lord versus the Flesh
Original: καύχημα / καύχησις
Category: Faith
NEW. Dual valence: legitimate boasting ‘in the Lord’ (প্রভুতে গর্ব) vs. condemned self-promotion ‘in the flesh/appearance’ (মাংসিক/বাহ্যিক গর্ব). গর্ব leans negative in ordinary Bengali; EVERY occurrence (5:12; 7:4,14; 8:24; 9:2-3; chs. 10-12 extensively) requires an explicit contextual qualifier — never leave গর্ব bare.
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: আনন্দের সাথে দানকারী
Transliteration: anonder sathe dankari
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἱλαρὸς δότης / δόσις
Category: Giving
NEW. One who gives joyfully and freely (9:6-7). দান is a central technical term in Hindu dharmic ethics (dāna, generating punya toward better rebirth); always anchor দান explicitly to grace already received (অনুগ্রহে দান) — a mandatory contextual qualifier, not a forbidden term outright.
Christ In You
Approved rendering: তোমাদের মধ্যে খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: tomader modhye Khrishto
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ / Christian Identity in Christ
Original: Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν
Category: Salvation
NEW. The reverse-direction companion formula to খ্রীষ্টে (‘in Christ’) — Christ’s own indwelling presence in the believer (13:5). Must preserve reciprocity, and must remain relational/personal indwelling — never an ontological identity-merger resembling ātman-Brahman non-dualism (guard against Local Church / Witness Lee ‘mingling’ register — see 05_translation_landscape.md Section 4).
Comfort
Approved rendering: সান্ত্বনা
Transliteration: shantwona
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: παράκλησις / παρακαλέω
Category: Suffering and Comfort
NEW. God’s relational consolation of the afflicted, extended through believers to one another (1:3-7 x10; 7:4,6,7,13). Root shared with the Holy Spirit’s ‘Paraclete’ title elsewhere in the NT. Must not read as stoic resignation, fatalistic bhagya-acceptance, or Sufi-inflected mystical solace; keep God as grammatical source/subject.
Covenant
Approved rendering: নিয়ম
Transliteration: niyom
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant / New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি, অঙ্গীকার
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Base term for this book’s ‘new_covenant’ and ‘old_covenant’ compounds (3:6,14). Relational covenant bond, more than a legal contract.
Died For All
Approved rendering: একজন সকলের জন্য মরেছেন
Transliteration: ekjon shokoler jonyo morechhen
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Original: εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν
Category: Salvation
NEW. Christ’s singular substitutionary death on behalf of all (5:14). ὑπέρ’s substitutionary sense must not be flattened into a merely sympathetic or exemplary death. Mandatory human theologian review per baseline’s atonement/propitiation escalation rule (cf. Romans 3:25).
Died With Christ
Approved rendering: সেইজন্য সকলে মরেছে
Transliteration: sheijonyo shokole morechhe
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: ἄρα οἱ πάντες ἀπέθανον
Category: Salvation
NEW. Believers’ representative death in union with Christ (5:14). Reuses/extends the Romans baseline doctrine ‘Christian Identity in Christ’; must not be softened into a merely metaphorical or emotional participation.
Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাস
Transliteration: bishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ঈমান, শ্রদ্ধা
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ specifically; never ঈমান (Islamic creedal submission to tawhid) or শ্রদ্ধা (Hindu devotional reverence). Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 8:7; 10:15; 13:5.
Flesh Worldly Standard
Approved rendering: মাংসিক দৃষ্টিতে / জাগতিক দৃষ্টিতে
Transliteration: mangshik drishtite / jagotik drishtite
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: মাংস (bare noun)
Original: κατὰ σάρκα
Category: Faith
NEW. Evaluation by merely human/worldly standards (5:16; 10:2-3; 11:18). ALWAYS use the qualifying ‘দৃষ্টিতে’ (from the standpoint of) construction, never a bare noun phrase. Distinguish from the unrelated physical-descent sense of κατὰ σάρκα already fixed for Romans 1:3.
Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never তেজ/জ্যোতি. Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 3:7-18; 4:4-6,17. Base term for new compound ‘eternal_weight_of_glory’.
Godly Jealousy
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরসম্মত ঈর্ষা
Transliteration: Ishshorshommoto irsha
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ζῆλος Θεοῦ
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Paul’s protective, betrothal-guarding concern for the church’s exclusive devotion to Christ (11:2). ঈর্ষা is normally and strongly negative in Bengali (envy, covetousness); requires clear contextual framing as protective jealousy, not sinful envy.
Gospel
Approved rendering: সুসমাচার
Transliteration: susomachar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: খুশ খবর, ইঞ্জিল
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established Bengali Christian term (“good news”); never ইঞ্জিল (Qur’anic/Muslim-idiom term for a presumed lost scripture). Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 2:12; 4:3-4; 9:13; 11:4,7.
Grace In Giving
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho (extended sense)
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: χάρις (extended sense)
Category: Giving
NEW (extended use of existing ‘grace’ term). Chs. 8-9 extend χάρις to describe generous giving itself (8:1,4,6,7,9,19) and Christ’s self-impoverishing generosity. Same word অনুগ্রহ required throughout to preserve Paul’s wordplay, but mandatory translator note at first occurrence in ch. 8 clarifying the extension, so giving is not read as earning saving grace.
Grace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Unmerited favor from God, apart from human merit; never পুণ্য/ভাগ্য, and never কৃপা in soteriological contexts (কৃপা permitted only for general non-soteriological compassion, e.g. 1:3 mercy). Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 1:2; 4:15; 6:1; 8:1-9; 9:8,14; 12:9; 13:14. NOTE: chs. 8-9 extend this same word to describe generous giving itself — see new term ‘grace_in_giving’ below for the required disambiguating translator note.
Holy
Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Set apart for God and morally pure; never শুচি (ritual purity). Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 1:1; 6:6; 7:1; 13:12.
Image Likeness
Approved rendering: প্রতিরূপ
Transliteration: protirup
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: প্রতিমা
Original: εἰκών
Category: Christology
NEW. FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never প্রতিমা, the specific Bengali word for a Hindu devotional idol-statue (e.g. Durga Puja images). Use প্রতিরূপ throughout (3:18; 4:4).
In Christ
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্টে
Transliteration: Khrishtey
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ / Christian Identity in Christ
Rejected alternatives: খ্রীষ্টের সাহায্যে, খ্রীষ্টের মাধ্যমে (as a substitute for the union formula)
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Salvation
NEW. Paul’s signature union-with-Christ formula (5:17,19; 12:2; 13:5). Render consistently as খ্রীষ্টে throughout; never diluted to ‘through Christ’ or ‘with Christ’s help.’ Companion reverse-direction term: ‘christ_in_you’ (তোমাদের মধ্যে খ্রীষ্ট).
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্টের বিচারাসন
Transliteration: Khrishter bicharashon
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: বিমা
Original: τὸ βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The tribunal before which believers’ lives/works are evaluated for reward, not condemnation (5:10). Avoid বিমা — homophonous collision with the Bengali word for ‘insurance.’ Distinguish from condemnatory judgment (excluded for believers per baseline’s assurance doctrine) and from karma-based cosmic accounting across lifetimes.
Letter And Spirit
Approved rendering: অক্ষর
Transliteration: okkhor
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: γράμμα (contrasted with πνεῦμα)
Category: Covenant
NEW. The old covenant’s external, condemning written code, contrasted with আত্মা (Spirit)‘s internal, life-giving work (3:6). Must not devalue Scripture itself; must be distinguished from Islamic reverence for the literal Arabic Qur’anic text as itself sacred and unchangeable.
Love
Approved rendering: প্রেম
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God / Trinitarian Benediction
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: God
NEW. Self-giving, sacrificial love (5:14; 8:7-8,24; 13:11,14). প্রেম is also Bengali’s primary word for romantic/secular love (Tagore-era literary association). ALWAYS keep God/Christ as the explicit grammatical subject in the same clause; translator note recommended at first occurrence (5:14) and in the trinitarian benediction (13:14).
Ministry Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: মিলনের সেবাকাজ
Transliteration: miloner sebakaj
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ἡ διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
NEW. The delegated service of proclaiming and extending God’s reconciling work (5:18). সেবাকাজ denotes the broader service activity, distinct from প্রেরিত (apostle, the specific delegated office).
New Covenant
Approved rendering: নতুন নিয়ম
Transliteration: notun niyom
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
NEW. NAMING COLLISION: established Bengali Bible usage also names the New Testament canon itself ‘নতুন নিয়ম.’ Every occurrence (3:6) must be checked for whether Paul means the covenant-reality (as here) or the scriptural collection; mandatory disambiguating translator note.
Old Covenant
Approved rendering: পুরাতন নিয়ম
Transliteration: purathon niyom
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: παλαιὰ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
NEW. Same naming-collision caution as new_covenant — পুরাতন নিয়ম also names the Old Testament canon (3:14). Also avoid supersessionist tone that denigrates Judaism itself.
Poverty Riches Of Christ
Approved rendering: তিনি দরিদ্র হলেন … তোমরা ধনবান হও
Transliteration: tini dôridro holen … tomra dhonoban hô
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἐπτώχευσεν … πλουτήσητε
Category: Giving
NEW. Christ’s voluntary self-impoverishment (incarnation) so believers might become spiritually rich (8:9). Connects directly to the baseline’s Critical ‘incarnation’ doctrine (দেহধারণ). Must not be read through a prosperity-gospel material-wealth lens.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer shamorthyo
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER শক্তি — heightened stakes in 2 Corinthians given ch. 12’s ‘Power in Weakness’ doctrine, where a goddess-power (Durga/Kali) misreading would be maximally damaging. Occurs at 1:8; 4:7; 6:7; 12:9; 13:4.
Reckoning Of Trespass
Approved rendering: (তাদের অপরাধ) গণ্য না করা
Transliteration: (tader oporadh) gonyo na kora
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God / Justification by Faith
Original: μὴ λογιζόμενος … τὰ παραπτώματα
Category: Salvation
NEW. God’s choice not to credit sin to humanity’s account (5:19), the negative mirror of imputed righteousness (cf. Romans 4:3’s ἐλογίσθη). গণ্য deliberately reuses the same forensic verb root as ধার্মিক বলে গণ্য হওয়া, preserving lexical continuity across curricula.
Repentance
Approved rendering: অনুতাপ
Transliteration: onutap
Doctrine: Repentance and Godly Grief
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Suffering and Comfort
NEW. A decisive change of mind/direction produced by godly grief, leading toward but distinct from পরিত্রাণ (7:9-10). Must not be identified with prāyaścitta (Hindu/dharmic ritual penance expiating sin through a prescribed act), which would reintroduce works-merit.
Saints
Approved rendering: পবিত্র লোক
Transliteration: pobitro lok
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: সাধু, সাধুগণ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never সাধু/সাধুগণ (Hindu/Jain ascetic renunciate image). Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 1:1; 8:4; 9:1,12; 13:12.
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Moral transgression before a personal God. Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 5:21 (x2, the atonement formula); 11:7. Kept distinct from new term ‘trespass’ (অপরাধ, for παράπτωμα).
Sincerity
Approved rendering: সরলতা / নিষ্কপটতা
Transliteration: shorolota / nishkopotota
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: εἰλικρίνεια
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Transparent, unmanipulative motive before God specifically (1:12; 2:17). Must not collapse into mere social politeness or the Bengali cultural value of preserving group harmony/deference to elders at the expense of candor.
Sinless
Approved rendering: যিনি পাপ জানতেন না
Transliteration: jini pap jantenna
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement / Humanity of Christ
Original: τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ’s moral innocence and non-participation in sin (5:21a). Tied directly to the baseline’s ‘Humanity of Christ’ doctrine.
Temple Of God Metaphorical
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের মন্দির
Transliteration: Ishshorer mondir
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ναὸς Θεοῦ
Category: Church
NEW. Believers/the church as the dwelling place of the Holy Spirit (6:16). মন্দির applied metaphorically risks resonance with the Hindu concept of a deity’s presence housed in a temple image (garbhagriha); mandatory translator note distinguishing Spirit-indwelling from idol-housing.
Veil
Approved rendering: আবরণ
Transliteration: aboron
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: পর্দা
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: Covenant
NEW. FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION as primary rendering: never পর্দা, the standard Bengali word for Islamic purdah (veiling/seclusion of women), a live, socially significant term especially in Bangladesh. আবরণ is the safe default (3:13-16).
Visions And Revelations
Approved rendering: দর্শন ও প্রত্যাদেশ
Transliteration: dorshon o prottadesh
Doctrine: Visions, Revelations, and Humility
Original: ὀπτασίαι καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις
Category: Power and Weakness
NEW. Paul’s supernatural visionary/revelatory experiences, cited reluctantly (12:1). দর্শন unqualified is the specific technical term for the reciprocal act of viewing/being seen by a deity’s temple image (mūrti) in Bengali Hindu devotion; use qualifying compound অলৌকিক দর্শন or a clarifying translator note at first occurrence. প্রত্যাদেশ carries no comparable collision risk.
Walk By Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাসের দ্বারা, দৃশ্যমান বিষয়ের দ্বারা নয়
Transliteration: bishwasher dara, drishyoman bishoyer dara noy
Doctrine: Faith
Original: διὰ πίστεως … οὐ διὰ εἴδους
Category: Faith
NEW. The believer’s present orientation of trust in the unseen Christ, not visible circumstances (5:7). One of the most frequently quoted verses in the letter; preserve বিশ্বাস’s trust-in-Christ sense, not a generic ‘believing without evidence’ epistemology.
Weakness
Approved rendering: দুর্বলতা
Transliteration: durbolota
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἀσθένεια
Category: Power and Weakness
NEW. Anchor term of this curriculum’s central paradox (12:9-10; 13:4,9). Must NOT be softened toward ‘God helps us overcome weakness’; God’s সামর্থ্য is displayed precisely through, not despite, ongoing frailty. Mandatory human theologian review.
Weapons Of Warfare
Approved rendering: যুদ্ধের অস্ত্র / দুর্গ
Transliteration: juddher ostro / durgo
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: τὰ ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας ἡμῶν / ὀχυρώματα
Category: Apostleship
NEW. The spiritual, non-physical weapons/strongholds by which Paul contests false teaching and unbelief (10:4). Unqualified military vocabulary risks being misread as endorsing literal religious conflict given real communal-religious tensions in Bangladesh/West Bengal; mandatory figurative-framing translator note required.
Medium Risk Terms
Ambassador
Approved rendering: প্রতিনিধি
Transliteration: protinidhi
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: দূত
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Diplomatic-envoy sense of πρεσβεύω (5:20). Deliberately distinct from প্রেরিত (apostle) and from দূত (reserved for angel/messenger elsewhere in this book, e.g. 11:14; 12:7).
Apostle
Approved rendering: প্রেরিত
Transliteration: prerito
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: দূত, বার্তাবাহক
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. An authorized, sent-out messenger with delegated apostolic authority. Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 1:1; 11:5,13; 12:11-12. Base term for this book’s ‘false_apostles’ and ‘super_apostles’ compounds; keep distinct from new terms ‘ambassador’ (প্রতিনিধি) and ‘minister_ministry’ (সেবক).
Boldness
Approved rendering: সাহস
Transliteration: shahosh
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: παρρησία
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Open, confident speech, contrasted with Moses’ veiled/indirect communication (3:12; 7:4).
Church
Approved rendering: মণ্ডলী
Transliteration: mondoli
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: মন্দির, গির্জা
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never মন্দির (temple) for church itself; note that in 2 Corinthians 6:16 মন্দির IS used deliberately for a different Greek word (ναός, metaphorical ‘temple of God’ applied to believers) — see new term ‘temple_of_god_metaphorical’ for that distinct, flagged usage. Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 1:1; 8:1,18-19,23-24; 11:8,28; 12:13.
Conscience
Approved rendering: বিবেক
Transliteration: bibek
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Faith
NEW. The inner moral faculty appealed to at 5:11 (also 1:12; 4:2). Standard shared Bengali term; anchor to a Spirit-informed moral faculty, not a purely secular-ethical or karma-linked inner sense.
Deceitful Workers
Approved rendering: প্রতারক কর্মী
Transliteration: pratarok kormi
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἐργάται δόλιοι
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Workers presenting themselves as legitimate gospel laborers while practicing deception (11:13).
Equality Fair Balance
Approved rendering: সমতা
Transliteration: shomota
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Giving
NEW. Voluntary, grace-motivated mutual economic care among churches (8:13-14). Connects with the baseline’s caste-leveling force in unity_of_jews_and_gentiles; not enforced redistribution.
Eternal Weight Of Glory
Approved rendering: অনন্ত মহিমার ভার
Transliteration: anonto mohimar bhar
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης
Category: God
NEW. The surpassing, everlasting glory present affliction is producing for believers (4:17). Reuses established মহিমা.
Examine Yourselves
Approved rendering: নিজেদের পরীক্ষা করা
Transliteration: nijeder porikkha kora
Doctrine: Examine Yourselves — Self-Assessment of Faith
Original: ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε / δοκιμάζετε
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Paul’s call to honest self-assessment of whether one is truly in the faith (13:5). Paired with reused বিশ্বাস; must not imply works-based self-verification of salvation status.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভুর ভয়
Transliteration: provur bhoy
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: φόβος τοῦ Κυρίου
Category: Faith
NEW. Paul’s motive for ministry (5:11) — sober awareness of future accountability to Christ, not servile terror. প্রভু reuses established baseline term. ভয় must convey reverential accountability, not superstitious dread or Hindu bhakti-devotional dread-of-a-deity’s-wrath framing.
Forgive
Approved rendering: ক্ষমা করা
Transliteration: kshoma kora
Doctrine: Sanctification and Transformation (relational forgiveness)
Original: χαρίζομαι
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Relational forgiveness extended to a repentant church member (2:7,10). Distinct from the baseline’s forensic justification phrase (ধার্মিক বলে গণ্য হওয়া), which must never be abbreviated to mere ক্ষমা; here the relational context correctly scopes ক্ষমা করা.
Fragrance Aroma
Approved rendering: সৌরভ / সুগন্ধ
Transliteration: shourobh / shugandho
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ὀσμή / εὐωδία
Category: Ministry
NEW. OT sacrificial / Roman-triumphal ‘pleasing aroma’ image applied to the spread of the knowledge of Christ (2:14-16). Anchor to OT sacrifice/Roman triumphal-procession imagery, not Hindu ritual incense-offering (dhoop) presented to a deity’s image.
Generosity
Approved rendering: উদারতা
Transliteration: udarota
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἁπλότης
Category: Giving
NEW. Open-handed, unmixed-motive giving (8:2; 9:11,13).
Godly Grief
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরসম্মত দুঃখ
Transliteration: Ishshorshommoto dukkho
Doctrine: Repentance and Godly Grief
Original: λύπη κατὰ Θεόν
Category: Suffering and Comfort
NEW. Sorrow directed toward God producing repentance, contrasted with জাগতিক দুঃখ (worldly grief producing death, 7:9-10).
Guarantee Pledge
Approved rendering: জামিনস্বরূপ
Transliteration: jaminshworup
Doctrine: Holy Spirit as Guarantee and Seal
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Assurance
NEW. The Holy Spirit given now as the down payment guaranteeing believers’ full future inheritance (1:22; 5:5). Draws on the familiar Bengali commercial image of বায়না, an advance payment securing a property transaction; বায়নাস্বরূপ is an acceptable vivid variant.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: পবিত্র চুম্বন
Transliteration: pobitro chumbon
Doctrine: Church as God’s People (cultural practice)
Original: ἅγιον φίλημα
Category: Church
NEW. The culturally specific first-century greeting of holy affection among believers (13:12). Translate literally and accurately; a separate pastoral/cultural note (not the translation itself) explaining common contextualized equivalents is recommended for teaching materials.
Mercy
Approved rendering: দয়া / কৃপা
Transliteration: doya / kripa
Doctrine: God’s Character (non-soteriological)
Original: οἰκτιρμός / ἔλεος
Category: God
NEW. God’s compassionate care, e.g. ‘the Father of mercies’ (1:3). কৃপা is permitted here per the baseline’s explicit exception for non-soteriological compassion/mercy contexts, distinct from অনুগ্রহ (reserved for soteriological grace).
Minister Ministry
Approved rendering: সেবক / সেবাকাজ
Transliteration: sebok / sebakaj
Doctrine: Apostleship and Authority
Original: διάκονος / διακονία
Category: Apostleship
NEW. One who serves in gospel ministry, or the service itself (3:6; 4:1; 6:3-4; 11:15,23). Distinct from প্রেরিত, a specific delegated apostolic office.
Outer Inner Man
Approved rendering: বাহ্যিক মানুষ / অন্তরের মানুষ
Transliteration: bahyik manush / ontorer manush
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος / ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος
Category: Power and Weakness
NEW. The perishing physical body contrasted with the progressively renewed inner self (4:16). Risks being read through Hindu ātman/body (দেহ/আত্মা) metaphysical dualism; Paul’s contrast is progressive renewal vs. physical decay, not a body-denying metaphysic.
Seal
Approved rendering: মুদ্রাঙ্কিত করা
Transliteration: mudrankito kora
Doctrine: Holy Spirit as Guarantee and Seal
Original: σφραγίζω / σφραγίς
Category: Assurance
NEW. A mark of divine ownership/authentication placed on believers by the Spirit (1:22). Should not be confused with ritual marking practices such as tilak.
Sowing And Reaping
Approved rendering: বীজ বপন করা / কাটা
Transliteration: bij bopon kora / kata
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: Giving
NEW. The agrarian metaphor of generous sowing yielding an abundant harvest from God (9:6). Caution against a deterministic karma-like reading of automatic proportional reward.
Sufficiency
Approved rendering: পর্যাপ্ততা
Transliteration: porjaptota
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Giving
NEW. Having all one needs in every circumstance, by God’s provision (9:8).
Super Apostles
Approved rendering: অতি প্রেরিত
Transliteration: oti prerito
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: οἱ ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Paul’s sarcastic designation for rival false teachers claiming superior apostolic status (11:5; 12:11). Reuses established প্রেরিত; irony carried by surrounding discourse context, not the term itself.
Third Heaven Paradise
Approved rendering: তৃতীয় স্বর্গ / পরমদেশ
Transliteration: tritio shworgo / poromdesh
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: τρίτος οὐρανός / παράδεισος
Category: Power and Weakness
NEW. Paul’s idiom for being caught up into the immediate presence of God (12:2-4). Distinguish from Hindu multi-tiered loka cosmology and the Islamic conception of Jannat’s sensory garden-paradise imagery.
Thorn In The Flesh
Approved rendering: মাংসে কাঁটা
Transliteration: mangshe kata
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Power and Weakness
NEW. Paul’s ongoing, unresolved affliction permitted by God to keep him from pride (12:7). Paired with ‘শয়তানের দূত’ (a messenger of Satan), reusing দূত consistent with ch. 11.
Transformed
Approved rendering: রূপান্তরিত হওয়া
Transliteration: rupantorito howa
Doctrine: Sanctification and Transformation
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Progressive, Spirit-wrought transformation into Christ’s likeness (3:18). Distinguish from any implication of a deity’s temporary shape-shifting appearance (cf. baseline’s rejection of অবতার for incarnation).
Treasure In Jars Of Clay
Approved rendering: ধন … মাটির পাত্রে
Transliteration: dhon … matir patre
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: θησαυρὸς … ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν
Category: Power and Weakness
NEW. The gospel’s surpassing worth carried in the frail human ‘vessel’ of the apostle (4:7). Culturally vivid and safe; must not be read through a prosperity-gospel material-wealth lens.
Trespass
Approved rendering: অপরাধ
Transliteration: oporadh
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Sin
NEW. A specific transgression/offense (παράπτωμα, 5:19), distinct from the baseline’s general পাপ (the condition of sinfulness, ἁμαρτία). Use consistently wherever παράπτωμα, not ἁμαρτία, appears.
Unequally Yoked
Approved rendering: অসমভাবে জোয়ালে যুক্ত হওয়া
Transliteration: oshomvabe jowaley jukto howa
Doctrine: Separation and Holiness in Relationships
Original: ἑτεροζυγέω
Category: Church
NEW. The agricultural image of mismatched pairing applied to close partnership with an unbeliever (6:14). Culturally sensitive re: interfaith marriage/business partnership; flag for native-speaker tone review.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: সহভাগিতা
Transliteration: shohobhagita
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: বন্ধুত্ব
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never বন্ধুত্ব. Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 6:14; 8:4; 13:14 (trinitarian benediction).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: dhonnobad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Standard term. Occurs in 2 Corinthians at 1:11; 2:14; 4:15; 9:11-12.
Referenced passages