Core Glossary

Nehemiah — Core Glossary (Hebrew → Bengali)

Legend

Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low (per baseline risk framework)
Status: [BASELINE REUSE] = must match Romans translation_memory.json exactly; [NEW TERM] = new entry proposed for this curriculum
Review routing: Human theologian / Native speaker / Automated (per baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json conventions)

English gloss	Hebrew	Transliteration	Bengali rendering	Bengali transliteration	Risk	Status	Doctrine	Notes / rejected alternatives	Review routing
God	אֱלֹהִים	Elohim	ঈশ্বর	Ishshor	Critical	[BASELINE REUSE]	God	Reuse exactly; never ভগবান/আল্লাহ	Human theologian
God of heaven	אֱלֹהֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם	Elohei HaShamayim	স্বর্গের ঈশ্বর	Shorger Ishshor	Critical	[NEW TERM] (compound of BASELINE REUSE god + heaven)	Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership	Persian-period title stressing God’s sovereignty above imperial power	Human theologian
the LORD	יְהוָה	YHWH (Adonai)	সদাপ্রভু	Shodaprovu	Critical	[NEW TERM, established Bengali OT convention]	The Joy of the Lord as Strength; all doctrines	Established Bengali Bible rendering of the divine covenant name; distinct from প্রভু (baseline: Lord, used for Christ/kyrios); do not conflate the two — সদাপ্রভু is the OT proper-name convention	Human theologian
law / Law of Moses	תּוֹרָה / תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה	Torah / Torat Moshe	ব্যবস্থা / মোশির ব্যবস্থা	Bebostha / Moshir Bebostha	High	[BASELINE REUSE]	The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed	Never ধর্ম or শরিয়ত	Human theologian
sin	חֵטְא / חַטָּאָה	chet / chattaah	পাপ	pap	High	[BASELINE REUSE]	Confession and Covenant Renewal	Reuse exactly	Human theologian
iniquity/guilt	עָוֹן	avon	অপরাধ	oporadh	Medium	[NEW TERM]	Confession and Covenant Renewal	Distinct from পাপ; preserves rhetorical doubling পাপ ও অপরাধ (Neh 1:6; 9:2)	Native speaker
confess	הִתְוַדּוּ	hitvadu	পাপ স্বীকার করা	pap shikar kora	High	[NEW TERM]	Confession and Covenant Renewal	Compound required; স্বীকার alone too weak (mere factual admission)	Human theologian
covenant	בְּרִית	berit	নিয়ম	niyom	High	[BASELINE REUSE]	Confession and Covenant Renewal	Reuse exactly; never চুক্তি	Human theologian
covenant loyalty / lovingkindness	חֶסֶד	chesed	নিয়মপ্রেম	niyomprem	High	[NEW TERM]	Confession and Covenant Renewal	Distinct from অনুগ্রহ (grace, baseline); emphasizes covenant faithfulness, not merely unmerited gift	Human theologian
firm agreement / sealed pledge	אֲמָנָה	amanah	নিয়ম-অঙ্গীকার	niyom-ongikar	High	[NEW TERM]	Confession and Covenant Renewal	The specific written/sealed instrument of covenant renewal; built on BASELINE REUSE নিয়ম, not চুক্তি	Human theologian
sealed	חָתוּם	chatum	সিলমোহরকৃত	shilmohorkrito	Low	[NEW TERM]	Confession and Covenant Renewal	Formal ratification	Automated
prayer / prayed	תְּפִלָּה / פלל	tephillah / palal	প্রার্থনা / প্রার্থনা করা	prarthona / prarthona kora	High	[NEW TERM]	Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership	Never পূজা (Hindu ritual worship) or নামাজ (Islamic ritual prayer)	Human theologian
remember (petitionary)	זָכַר	zakhar	স্মরণ করা	shoron kora	Medium	[NEW TERM]	Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership	Covenantal petition for God to act, not mere recall	Native speaker
servant	עֶבֶד	eved	দাস / সেবক	das / shebok	Medium	[NEW TERM]	Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership	দাস for full submitted servanthood before God; সেবক for civil office	Native speaker
the good hand of my God	יַד־אֱלֹהַי הַטּוֹבָה	yad Elohai hatovah	আমার ঈশ্বরের মঙ্গলময় হস্ত	amar Ishshorer mongolmoy hosto	High	[NEW TERM]	Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership	Anthropomorphic idiom for providence; related to but distinct from baseline providence entry (ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা)	Human theologian
favor (royal/human, non-soteriological)	חֵן	chen	কৃপা	kripa	Medium	[BASELINE REUSE, non-soteriological context]	—	কৃপা permitted only outside soteriological contexts per baseline; অনুগ্রহ reserved for divine saving grace	Native speaker
wall (city rampart)	חוֹמָה	chomah	প্রাচীর	prachir	Medium	[NEW TERM]	Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People	Not generic দেওয়াল (house wall); central book image	Native speaker
build / rebuild	בָּנָה	banah	নির্মাণ করা / পুনর্নির্মাণ করা	nirman kora / punornirman kora	Low	[NEW TERM]	Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People	Controlling narrative verb	Automated
ruins	חָרְבָּה	charbah	ধ্বংসস্তূপ	dhongshostup	Low	[NEW TERM]	Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People	—	Automated
dedication	חֲנֻכָּה	chanukah	উৎসর্গ	utshorgo	Medium	[NEW TERM]	Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People	Prefer over secular উদ্বোধন	Native speaker
priest	כֹּהֵן	kohen	যাজক	jajok	High	[NEW TERM]	Rebuilding the Wall / Word of God doctrines	NEVER পুরোহিত (Hindu Brahmin ritual officiant)	Human theologian
scribe	סֹפֵר	sofer	লিপিকর	lipikor	Medium	[NEW TERM]	The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed	Positive office; distinguish from adversarial Gospel “scribes”	Native speaker
assembly/congregation	קָהָל	qahal	মণ্ডলী	mondoli	Medium	[BASELINE REUSE, extended to OT root of ekklēsia]	Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People	Same Bengali term as baseline “church”; typological continuity should be explained, not assumed	Native speaker
read (aloud/publicly)	קָרָא	qara	পাঠ করা	path kora	Low	[NEW TERM]	The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed	Public oral proclamation	Automated
understand	בין (הבין)	bin (hevin)	বোঝা / বুঝিয়ে দেওয়া	bojha / bujhiye deoa	Medium	[NEW TERM]	The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed	Applied, receptive comprehension, not mere literacy	Native speaker
distinctly / with interpretation	מְפֹרָשׁ	mephorash	সুস্পষ্টভাবে অর্থ বুঝিয়ে	shusposhtovabe ortho bujhiye	High	[NEW TERM]	The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed	Spans “clearly” and “with translation/explanation”; directly relevant to Bible translation methodology itself	Human theologian
sense/insight	שֵׂכֶל	sekhel	অর্থবোধ / বিচারবুদ্ধি	orthobodh / bicharbuddhi	Medium	[NEW TERM]	The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed	Avoid শক্তি compounds	Native speaker
holy	קָדוֹשׁ	qadosh	পবিত্র	pobitro	Critical	[BASELINE REUSE]	The Joy of the Lord as Strength; all doctrines	Reuse exactly	Human theologian
bless (praise God)	בֵּרֵךְ	berekh	স্তব করা / প্রশংসা করা	stobo kora / proshongsha kora	Medium	[NEW TERM]	The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed	Never আশীর্বাদ করা for this direction (superior-to-inferior blessing)	Native speaker
bow / worship (prostrate)	קָדַד / הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה	qadad / hishtachavah	মাথা নত করা / ভূমিষ্ঠ হয়ে উপাসনা করা	matha noto kora / bhumishtho hoye upashona kora	Medium	[NEW TERM]	The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed	Note required distinguishing worship of imageless God from Hindu প্রণাম before an image/guru	Native speaker
joy (of the LORD)	חֶדְוָה / שִׂמְחָה	chedvah / simchah	আনন্দ (সদাপ্রভুতে আনন্দ)	anondo (shodaprovute anondo)	High	[NEW TERM]	The Joy of the Lord as Strength	Must always be anchored to its divine source (“in the LORD”) to avoid echoing Vedantic/bhakti impersonal-bliss আনন্দ (Satchidananda, Brahmananda)	Human theologian
strength / stronghold	מָעוֹז	ma’oz	সামর্থ্য	shamorthyo	High	[BASELINE REUSE, extended: power_of_god]	The Joy of the Lord as Strength	NEVER শক্তি — extends baseline’s Shakta-goddess-association caution to this new occurrence	Human theologian
grieved	עָצַב	atzav	দুঃখিত হওয়া	dukkhito hoya	Low	[NEW TERM]	The Joy of the Lord as Strength	—	Automated
mourn / weep	אָבַל / בָּכָה	aval / bakhah	শোক করা / কাঁদা	shok kora / kanda	Low	[NEW TERM]	The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed	Convicted response, redirected toward joy in v.10	Automated
be still / hush	הָסָה	hasah	নিরব হও / শান্ত হও	nirobo hou / shanto hou	Low	[NEW TERM]	The Joy of the Lord as Strength	Leadership shaping congregational response	Automated
made known / declared	הוֹדִיעוּ	hodi’u	জানিয়ে দেওয়া	janiye deoa	Low	[NEW TERM]	The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed	—	Automated
enemy	אוֹיֵב	oyev	শত্রু	shotru	Medium	[NEW TERM]	Opposition and Perseverance in God’s Work	Recurring antagonist category, ch. 4 & 6	Native speaker
conspiracy	קֶשֶׁר	qesher	ষড়যন্ত্র	shorojontro	Low	[NEW TERM]	Opposition and Perseverance in God’s Work	—	Automated
mock/deride	לַעַג	la’ag	উপহাস করা	upohash kora	Low	[NEW TERM]	Opposition and Perseverance in God’s Work	Psychological form of opposition	Automated
prayed and set a guard	פלל + מִשְׁמָר	palal + mishmar	প্রার্থনা করলাম এবং প্রহরী নিযুক্ত করলাম	prarthona korlam ebong proheri niyukto korlam	High	[NEW TERM]	Prayer and Dependence / Opposition and Perseverance	Key proof text: dependence includes prudent action, not either/or	Human theologian
terror/fear (negative)	פַּחַד	pachad	ভয় / আতঙ্ক	bhoy / atonko	Medium	[NEW TERM]	Opposition and Perseverance in God’s Work	Must be distinguished from reverential ঈশ্বরভয় below	Native speaker
fear of God (reverential)	יִרְאַת אֱלֹהִים	yir’at Elohim	ঈশ্বরভয় / ঈশ্বরের প্রতি ভয়-ভক্তি	Ishshorbhoy / Ishshorer proti bhoy-bhokti	High	[NEW TERM]	Opposition and Perseverance / social justice (ch.5)	Positive, ethical-motivating category; keep distinct from পাচাদ/আতঙ্ক	Human theologian
usury/interest	נֶשֶׁךְ	neshekh	সুদ	shudo	Medium	[NEW TERM]	Opposition and Perseverance (internal ethical dimension)	Exploitative lending framed as covenant violation	Native speaker
false prophetess	נְבִיאָה	neviah	মিথ্যা ভাববাদিনী	mittha bhabbadini	Medium	[NEW TERM]	Opposition and Perseverance in God’s Work	Pairs with BASELINE REUSE ভাববাদী (prophet)	Native speaker
finished/completed	שָׁלֵם	shalem	সম্পন্ন হল	shomponno holo	Low	[NEW TERM]	Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People	Narrative climax, 6:15	Automated
Feast of Booths	חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת	Chag HaSukkot	কুটিরনির্মাণ পর্ব	kutirnirman porbo	Medium	[NEW TERM]	The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed	Descriptive rendering preferred over bare transliteration	Native speaker
purified (ceremonially)	טָהֵר	taher	পবিত্র করা	pobitro kora	High	[NEW TERM, careful handling]	Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration / Sanctification (cross-ref)	Genuine OT ceremonial rite; still use পবিত্র-family vocabulary, not শুচি, for curriculum-wide consistency; note distinguishing from ongoing NT পবিত্রীকরণ	Human theologian
profane/defile	חִלֵּל	chillel	অপবিত্র করা	opobitro kora	High	[NEW TERM]	Opposition and Perseverance / Confession themes (ch.13)	Negated পবিত্র root; keeps vocabulary family consistent	Human theologian
Sabbath	שַׁבָּת	Shabbat	বিশ্রামবার	bishrambar	Medium	[NEW TERM]	Confession and Covenant Renewal (covenant sign)	Distinguish from secular day-off and from জুমুআ (Muslim Friday prayer day)	Native speaker
separate	הִבְדִּיל	hivdil	পৃথক করা	prithok kora	High	[NEW TERM, ties to baseline separation_unto_gods_service doctrine]	Opposition and Perseverance / covenant fidelity (ch.13)	Frame as covenant-fidelity separation, not caste/ethnic exclusion; translator note required	Human theologian
foreign wives	נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת	nashim nokhriyot	পরজাতীয় স্ত্রী	porojatiyo stri	Medium	[NEW TERM]	Opposition and Perseverance / covenant fidelity	Built on BASELINE REUSE পরজাতি (gentiles); concern is syncretism, not xenophobia	Native speaker
tithe	מַעֲשֵׂר	ma’aser	দশমাংশ	doshomangsho	Low	[NEW TERM]	Confession and Covenant Renewal	Concrete covenant obligation	Automated
thanksgiving	תּוֹדָה	todah	ধন্যবাদ	dhonnobad	Low	[BASELINE REUSE]	The Joy of the Lord as Strength	Reuse exactly	Automated

Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Index

Doctrine	Terms (Bengali)
Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership	প্রার্থনা, স্মরণ করা, দাস/সেবক, আমার ঈশ্বরের মঙ্গলময় হস্ত, স্বর্গের ঈশ্বর, প্রার্থনা করলাম এবং প্রহরী নিযুক্ত করলাম
Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People	প্রাচীর, নির্মাণ করা, ধ্বংসস্তূপ, উৎসর্গ, মণ্ডলী, যাজক, সম্পন্ন হল
The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed	ব্যবস্থা, পাঠ করা, বোঝা, সুস্পষ্টভাবে অর্থ বুঝিয়ে, অর্থবোধ, স্তব করা, মাথা নত করা/উপাসনা করা, কুটিরনির্মাণ পর্ব, লিপিকর
Confession and Covenant Renewal	পাপ, অপরাধ, পাপ স্বীকার করা, নিয়ম, নিয়মপ্রেম, নিয়ম-অঙ্গীকার, সিলমোহরকৃত, দশমাংশ, বিশ্রামবার
The Joy of the Lord as Strength	পবিত্র, আনন্দ (সদাপ্রভুতে আনন্দ), সামর্থ্য, দুঃখিত হওয়া, নিরব হও, ধন্যবাদ
Opposition and Perseverance in God’s Work	শত্রু, ষড়যন্ত্র, উপহাস করা, ভয়/আতঙ্ক, ঈশ্বরভয়, সুদ, মিথ্যা ভাববাদিনী, অপবিত্র করা, পৃথক করা, পরজাতীয় স্ত্রী

All [BASELINE REUSE] entries above must match translation_memory.json (Romans) exactly; all [NEW TERM] entries are proposed for addition to translation memory under the same version-increment discipline described in the baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md before Phase 2 segment translation begins for Nehemiah.

Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: God / Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: אֱלֹהִים
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. ঈশ্বর is the stabilized mainstream Bengali Christian term. Never ভগবান (Hindu devotional address) or আল্লাহ (Islamic-idiom). In Nehemiah this is the general term for Israel’s covenant God, underlying the compound স্বর্গের ঈশ্বর and the proper covenant name সদাপ্রভু (see separate entries below).

Holy

Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Ceremonial Purification and Holiness in Worship
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Original: קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Worship

Inherited from Romans package. Set apart for God and morally pure; never শুচি or নির্মল, which carry Hindu ritual-purity (shuddhi) connotations. Reused exactly for Nehemiah 8:9-11 (the holy day) and as the root for পবিত্র করা (ceremonial purification, ch.12) and অপবিত্র করা (profane, ch.13) — see those entries for Nehemiah-specific handling notes.

God Of Heaven

Approved rendering: স্বর্গের ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Shorger Ishshor
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership
Rejected alternatives: generic sky-deity title, দেবতা (Hindu heaven-deity), আসমানী (folk-Muslim)
Original: אֱלֹהֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם
Category: God

New term. Compound of the baseline-reused ঈশ্বর plus স্বর্গ (heaven). A Persian-period court title (Neh 1:4-5; 2:4) asserting that the God who governs the Persian empire is Israel’s own covenant God. Critical because softening it to a generic ‘heavenly god’ among several available regional sky-deity referents would blur this sovereignty claim. Requires a translator note at first occurrence (1:4-5) clarifying this is not a generic celestial-deity title shared across traditions.

The Lord Yhwh

Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভু
Transliteration: Shodaprovu
Doctrine: The Joy of the Lord as Strength
Rejected alternatives: প্রভু (reserved for NT kyrios/Christ), ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: יהוה
Category: God

New term. Established Bengali Old Testament convention for the divine covenant name YHWH. Must NEVER be conflated with প্রভু (baseline: Lord/kyrios, reserved for Christ in the NT Lordship confession). সদাপ্রভু renders the OT proper name specifically; the two must remain visibly distinct across the whole curriculum, especially in Nehemiah 8:10’s ‘joy of the LORD’ and throughout Nehemiah 9’s historical prayer.

High Risk Terms

Sin

Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Confession and Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Original: חֵטְא / חַטָּאָה
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package. Moral transgression before a personal God, distinct from ritual impurity or bad karma. Central to Nehemiah 1:6-7 and 9:2 confession language; paired rhetorically with অপরাধ (iniquity, new term below).

Covenant

Approved rendering: নিয়ম
Transliteration: niyom
Doctrine: Confession and Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি, অঙ্গীকার
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Relational covenant bond, more than a legal contract. Foundational for Nehemiah 9’s covenant-history recital and the root of two new Nehemiah-specific compounds: নিয়মপ্রেম (covenant loyalty/chesed) and নিয়ম-অঙ্গীকার (sealed pledge/amanah) — see below. Never চুক্তি.

Law

Approved rendering: ব্যবস্থা
Transliteration: bebostha
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, শরিয়ত, নিয়ম

Inherited from Romans package. The Mosaic law. Never ধর্ম (dharma/religion) or শরিয়ত (Islamic legal-idiom term). Underlies the Nehemiah-specific compound মোশির ব্যবস্থা (Law of Moses) — see below.

Grace

Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: Confession and Covenant Renewal (contrast term)
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য

Inherited from Romans package. Unmerited favor from God. Retained in the Nehemiah glossary specifically as the term from which নিয়মপ্রেম (covenant loyalty/chesed) and কৃপা (human favor/chen) must both be kept visibly distinct — অনুগ্রহ denotes unmerited gift; chesed denotes covenant-fidelity; chen (non-soteriological) may use কৃপা. See covenant_loyalty_chesed and favor_human_chen below.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer shamorthyo
Doctrine: The Joy of the Lord as Strength
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER শক্তি, because Bengal is the historic heartland of Shakta Hinduism (Durga/Kali worship), giving শক্তি an unusually strong goddess-power association. This same caution is extended in Nehemiah to the rendering of מָעוֹז (maoz, ‘strength/stronghold’, Neh 8:10) as সামর্থ্য alone — see strength_stronghold_maoz below.

Providence

Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা
Transliteration: Ishshorer porichalona
Doctrine: Divine Providence and the Hand of God
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি

Inherited from Romans package. God’s personal, purposive governance of all things; never fate (ভাগ্য) or impersonal destiny (নিয়তি). Related to but distinct from the vivid anthropomorphic Nehemiah idiom আমার ঈশ্বরের মঙ্গলময় হস্ত (‘the good hand of my God’) — see good_hand_of_god below, which is the idiom-form of this same doctrine.

Law Of Moses

Approved rendering: মোশির ব্যবস্থা
Transliteration: Moshir Bebostha
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, শরিয়ত
Original: תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה
Category: Covenant

New term (compound built on baseline-reused ব্যবস্থা). The Pentateuch as Israel’s covenant charter, read publicly in Nehemiah 8. Never ধর্ম or শরিয়ত.

Covenant Loyalty Chesed

Approved rendering: নিয়মপ্রেম
Transliteration: niyomprem
Doctrine: Confession and Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: অনুগ্রহ (baseline grace — drops covenant-fidelity nuance), দয়া/স্নেহ (kindness only, drops covenant sense)
Original: חֶסֶד
Category: Covenant

New constructed compound (নিয়ম + প্রেম). Renders חֶסֶד (chesed), God’s steadfast covenant love and faithfulness despite Israel’s unfaithfulness (Neh 9:17, 32). Must stay visibly distinct from অনুগ্রহ (grace/unmerited favor) and from নিয়ম-অঙ্গীকার (the human pledge document, see below) — both share the root নিয়ম but name different realities. Flag for theologian review at every occurrence; gloss on first use.

Firm Agreement Amanah

Approved rendering: নিয়ম-অঙ্গীকার
Transliteration: niyom-ongikar
Doctrine: Confession and Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি (commercial contract)
Original: אֲמָנָה
Category: Covenant

New constructed compound (নিয়ম + অঙ্গীকার). Renders אֲמָנָה (amanah), the formal, written, sealed communal pledge renewing covenant obligations (Neh 9:38-10:39). Distinct from নিয়মপ্রেম (God’s covenant loyalty, a divine attribute) — this is the human community’s response instrument. Never চুক্তি.

Separate

Approved rendering: পৃথক করা
Transliteration: prithok kora
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism and Covenant Fidelity
Original: הִבְדִּיל
Category: Covenant

New term. Ties to the baseline doctrine of separation unto God’s service, applied here to covenant-community boundaries (Neh 13:1-3, 30). High risk because South Asian social discourse readily hears ‘separation’ language through caste-purity or Hindu-Muslim communal-boundary lenses; a translator note distinguishing covenant-fidelity separation from syncretism (not ethnic/communal exclusion) is required at every occurrence.

Confess

Approved rendering: পাপ স্বীকার করা
Transliteration: pap shikar kora
Doctrine: Confession and Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: স্বীকার alone (too weak, mere factual admission)
Original: הִתְוַדּוּ
Category: Confession

New term. স্বীকার alone can describe admitting any neutral fact; the compound with baseline-reused পাপ is required to carry the doctrinal weight of repentant confession before God (Neh 1:6; 9:2-3), distinct from Islamic তওবা (which lacks the covenant-history recital) or karma-based self-correction.

Prayer

Approved rendering: প্রার্থনা / প্রার্থনা করা
Transliteration: prarthona / prarthona kora
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership
Rejected alternatives: পূজা, নামাজ
Original: תְּפִלָּה / פלל
Category: Prayer

New term. Established Bengali Christian term for address to the true, personal God. Never পূজা (Hindu ritual worship of an image) or নামাজ (fixed-posture, Arabic-liturgy Islamic ritual prayer) — Nehemiah’s prayers (1:4-11; 2:4; 4:9; 6:9) are unstructured, personal, covenantal speech, including instantaneous ‘arrow prayers.‘

Good Hand Of God

Approved rendering: আমার ঈশ্বরের মঙ্গলময় হস্ত
Transliteration: amar Ishshorer mongolmoy hosto
Doctrine: Divine Providence and the Hand of God
Original: יַד־אֱלֹהַי הַטּוֹבָה
Category: Leadership

New term. Anthropomorphic idiom for God’s active, favorable providential involvement (Neh 2:8, 18; 5:19). Related to but distinct from the baseline providence entry ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা. Requires a standing translator note at every occurrence clarifying this is figurative providential language, not a literal-body or avatar-intervention claim — a real risk given Hindu iconographic conventions of deities depicted with literal multiple hands.

Prayed And Set A Guard

Approved rendering: আমরা প্রার্থনা করলাম এবং প্রহরী নিযুক্ত করলাম
Transliteration: amra prarthona korlam ebong proheri niyukto korlam
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership / Opposition and Perseverance in God’s Work
Original: וַנִּתְפַּלֵּל…וְנַעֲמִיד מִשְׁמָר
Category: Prayer

New term. The programmatic pairing of prayer with practical vigilance (Neh 4:9) — a key proof-text for the doctrine that dependence on God includes, rather than excludes, prudent human action. The Bengali ‘both…and’ coordination must be preserved precisely to avoid either a fatalistic (ভাগ্য/নিয়তি/তকদির) or a self-reliant-activist misreading.

Priest

Approved rendering: যাজক
Transliteration: jajok
Doctrine: Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People / The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Rejected alternatives: পুরোহিত
Original: כֹּהֵן
Category: Restoration

New term. NEVER পুরোহিত, the standing Bengali term for a Hindu Brahmin ritual officiant performing puja before an image — using it here would import an alien ritual-image framework onto Ezra’s Levitical priestly office (8:2, 9). যাজক is the established Bengali Christian term for both Levitical and NT priestly office.

Distinctly Interpretation

Approved rendering: সুস্পষ্টভাবে অর্থ বুঝিয়ে
Transliteration: shusposhtovabe ortho bujhiye
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Rejected alternatives: সুস্পষ্টভাবে alone (‘clearly’ only, drops the interpretive/explanatory sense)
Original: מְפֹרָשׁ
Category: Word of God

New term. Renders מְפֹרָשׁ (mephorash, 8:8), spanning both ‘clearly/distinctly’ and ‘with translation/interpretation.’ This is the single most theologically self-referential term in the curriculum, naming the very work of Bible translation itself. Must hold both senses together, not collapse to bare audibility. Flag for theologian review at every occurrence.

Joy Of The Lord

Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভুতে আনন্দ
Transliteration: shodaprovute anondo
Doctrine: The Joy of the Lord as Strength
Rejected alternatives: bare আনন্দ (unanchored)
Original: חֶדְוָה
Category: Joy

New term. Renders חֶדְוָה (chedvah), joy whose source and object is the LORD (8:10). আনন্দ is unavoidable but is also the central term of Bengali Vedantic (সৎ-চিৎ-আনন্দ) and Vaishnava bhakti (ব্রহ্মানন্দ) traditions denoting impersonal cosmic bliss or ecstatic devotional rapture. Must NEVER appear bare — always anchored explicitly to সদাপ্রভু at every occurrence (8:10, 8:12, 12:43).

Strength Stronghold Maoz

Approved rendering: সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: shamorthyo
Doctrine: The Joy of the Lord as Strength
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি
Original: מָעוֹז
Category: Joy

New term extending baseline power_of_god logic. Renders מָעוֹז (maoz, ‘fortress/refuge/strength’, 8:10). NEVER শক্তি, per the Shakta-Hindu goddess-power association already flagged in the baseline. সামর্থ্য is reused from power_of_god for cross-curriculum consistency, trading away some of maoz’s ‘fortress/refuge’ nuance; a supplementary note on that nuance may be added where fuller stronghold imagery is taught.

Fear Of God Yirah

Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরভয় / ঈশ্বরের প্রতি ভয়-ভক্তি
Transliteration: Ishshorbhoy / Ishshorer proti bhoy-bhokti
Doctrine: Reverent Fear of God as Ethical Foundation
Rejected alternatives: bare ভয় (conflates with pachad), unqualified তাকওয়া/আল্লাহভীরুতা framing
Original: יִרְאַת אֱלֹהִים
Category: Ethics

New term. Renders יִרְאַת אֱלֹהִים (yir’at Elohim), reverential awe motivating ethical behavior (5:9, 15), grounds for Nehemiah’s reform against exploitation. Bengali ভয় alone risks collapsing this into pachad (dread, ch.6); the compound ভয়-ভক্তি is required. Also distinct from — though structurally resonant with — the Islamic তাকওয়া/আল্লাহভীরুতা legal-submission framework; a translator note is required for Muslim-background readers.

Purified Ceremonially

Approved rendering: পবিত্র করা
Transliteration: pobitro kora
Doctrine: Ceremonial Purification and Holiness in Worship
Rejected alternatives: শুচি (Hindu shuddhi ritual purity)
Original: טָהֲרוּ (טהר)
Category: Sanctification

New term (careful handling). Renders טָהֲרוּ (taharu), the ceremonial cleansing of priests, Levites, people, gates, and wall for the wall’s dedication (12:30) — a genuine one-time OT ceremonial rite. Retains পবিত্র-family vocabulary rather than শুচি for curriculum-wide consistency, but requires a translator note distinguishing this from ongoing NT moral পবিত্রীকরণ (baseline: sanctification) and from Hindu shuddhi.

Profane Defile

Approved rendering: অপবিত্র করা
Transliteration: opobitro kora
Doctrine: Ceremonial Purification and Holiness in Worship
Original: חִלֵּל
Category: Sanctification

New term, built from the negated পবিত্র root. Renders חִלֵּל (chillel), violating the set-apart status of a holy day, place, or office — Nehemiah’s confrontation of Sabbath-breaking and temple storeroom misuse (13:17-18, 29).

Medium Risk Terms

Church

Approved rendering: মণ্ডলী
Transliteration: mondoli
Doctrine: Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People
Rejected alternatives: মন্দির, গির্জা

Inherited from Romans package. মণ্ডলী (assembly/congregation), never মন্দির (Hindu temple). Reused in Nehemiah for the Old Testament root qahal — see the Nehemiah-specific entry assembly_qahal below for the typological-continuity handling this reuse requires.

David

Approved rendering: দায়ূদ
Transliteration: Dayud
Doctrine: Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People

Inherited from Romans package. Established Bengali Bible proper-name form. Referenced in Nehemiah 12:24, 12:36 (‘as David the man of God commanded’) regarding Levitical/musical ordinances.

Israel

Approved rendering: ইস্রায়েল
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People

Inherited from Romans package. Established proper-name form. Used throughout Nehemiah for the covenant people being restored.

Gentiles

Approved rendering: পরজাতি
Transliteration: porojati
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism and Covenant Fidelity
Rejected alternatives: বিদেশী

Inherited from Romans package. Non-Jewish peoples generally. Serves as the base term for the Nehemiah-specific compound পরজাতীয় স্ত্রী (foreign wives, ch.13) — see below.

Sabbath

Approved rendering: বিশ্রামবার
Transliteration: bishrambar
Doctrine: Sabbath Observance as Covenant Sign
Rejected alternatives: সাব্বাথ (bare transliteration), জুমুআ (Muslim Friday prayer day)
Original: שַׁבָּת
Category: Covenant

New term. Descriptive ‘day of rest’ preferred over bare transliteration. Must be distinguished from a secular day off and from জুমুআ, the Muslim Friday congregational prayer day — this is a covenant sign tied to creation and the exodus (Neh 10:31; 13:15-22), not a generic weekly holy day shared across traditions.

Foreign Wives

Approved rendering: পরজাতীয় স্ত্রী
Transliteration: porojatiyo stri
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism and Covenant Fidelity
Original: נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת
Category: Covenant

New term, built on baseline-reused পরজাতি. Concern is religious syncretism and covenant fidelity (Neh 13:23-27), not ethnic prejudice. Translator note required clarifying this to avoid a xenophobic misreading in a religiously plural modern Bengali context.

Iniquity

Approved rendering: অপরাধ
Transliteration: oporadh
Doctrine: Confession and Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: পাপ alone (collapses rhetorical doubling)
Original: עָוֹן
Category: Sin

New term. Renders עָוֹן (avon), guilt/moral crookedness, paired with sin (chet) for rhetorical intensification (Neh 1:6; 9:2). Distinct from পাপ; preserves the doubling পাপ ও অপরাধ where both Hebrew terms co-occur.

Remember Petition

Approved rendering: স্মরণ করুন
Transliteration: shoron korun
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership
Original: זְכֹר / זָכְרָה־לִּי
Category: Prayer

New term. The recurring petitionary refrain ‘Remember me/us, O God’ (1:8; 5:19; 13:14, 22, 29, 31). Must convey covenantal petition for God to act, not mere cognitive recall.

Servant

Approved rendering: দাস / সেবক
Transliteration: das / shebok
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership
Original: עֶבֶד
Category: Leadership

New term. দাস preserves full submitted servanthood before God (Neh 1:6, 11); সেবক (attendant) is reserved for Nehemiah’s civil-office contexts, to avoid an unintended literal-bondage reading in administrative narrative.

Favor Human Chen

Approved rendering: কৃপা
Transliteration: kripa
Doctrine: Divine Providence and the Hand of God (non-soteriological)
Rejected alternatives: অনুগ্রহ (reserved for divine saving grace)
Original: חֵן
Category: Leadership

New term (baseline-permitted usage). Royal/human favor granted by the Persian king (Neh 2:8), non-soteriological. কৃপা is permitted here per the baseline’s explicit allowance for general compassion/favor outside soteriological contexts; অনুগ্রহ remains reserved exclusively for God’s saving grace.

Wall

Approved rendering: প্রাচীর
Transliteration: prachir
Doctrine: Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People
Rejected alternatives: দেওয়াল (generic house wall)
Original: חוֹמָה
Category: Restoration

New term. The fortified city rampart of Jerusalem (chomah), whose ruin and rebuilding frame the whole book’s restoration narrative. Never generic দেওয়াল, which would lose the wall’s corporate, covenant-boundary significance.

Dedication

Approved rendering: উৎসর্গ
Transliteration: utshorgo
Doctrine: Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People
Rejected alternatives: উদ্বোধন (secular inauguration/ribbon-cutting)
Original: חֲנֻכָּה (חִנֻּכַּת הַחוֹמָה)
Category: Restoration

New term. The consecration ceremony marking the completed wall as set apart for sacred/communal purpose (12:27-43). উৎসর্গ preferred over secular উদ্বোধন to preserve the worshipful character of the ceremony.

Assembly Qahal

Approved rendering: মণ্ডলী
Transliteration: mondoli
Doctrine: Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People / The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Original: קָהָל
Category: Restoration

New term reusing baseline church entry (মণ্ডলী), extended here to its Old Testament root qahal (8:2). Because the same Bengali word now serves both the OT qahal and the baseline’s NT ekklēsia, a standing translator note explaining the typological continuity (qahal → ekklēsia → মণ্ডলী) is required at first occurrence, so readers do not infer an anachronistic institutional ‘church’ in Persian-period Judah.

Scribe

Approved rendering: লিপিকর
Transliteration: lipikor
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Original: סֹפֵר
Category: Restoration

New term. Ezra’s positive, authoritative office as copyist, legal secretary, and teacher/interpreter of the Torah (8:1, 4, 13). A translator note distinguishing this from the adversarial ‘scribes and Pharisees’ of the Gospels is recommended at first occurrence.

Understand

Approved rendering: বোঝা / বুঝিয়ে দেওয়া
Transliteration: bojha / bujhiye deoa
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Original: בין (הבין)
Category: Word of God

New term. Applied, receptive comprehension of the Law leading to response, not mere literacy or passive information reception (8:2-3, 7-8, 12).

Sense Insight

Approved rendering: অর্থবোধ / বিচারবুদ্ধি
Transliteration: orthobodh / bicharbuddhi
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি-based compounds
Original: שֵׂכֶל
Category: Word of God

New term. Renders שֵׂכֶל (sekhel), insight/discernment enabling grasp of the Law’s meaning (8:8). Avoid any শক্তি-based compound per the curriculum-wide Shakta-association caution.

As One Man

Approved rendering: একজন মানুষের মত (এক হৃদয়ে)
Transliteration: ekjon manusher moto (ek hridoye)
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed / Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People
Original: כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד
Category: Word of God

New term. Idiom for total unity of purpose describing the assembled people (8:1). Must not be flattened to mere physical proximity; conveys unanimity, reinforcing restoration as communal, not merely individual.

Feast Of Booths

Approved rendering: কুটিরনির্মাণ পর্ব
Transliteration: kutirnirman porbo
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Rejected alternatives: bare transliteration ‘Sukkot’
Original: חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת
Category: Word of God

New term. The wilderness-commemorative festival resumed immediately after the Law is read and understood (8:13-18). A descriptive phrase is preferable to bare transliteration for readers with low OT festival-calendar literacy; a brief explanatory note is recommended.

Bless Praise

Approved rendering: স্তব করা / প্রশংসা করা
Transliteration: stobo kora / proshongsha kora
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Rejected alternatives: আশীর্বাদ করা (wrong direction — implies conferring favor on God)
Original: בֵּרֵךְ
Category: Worship

New term. Renders בֵּרֵךְ (berekh) when God is the object (8:6): to praise/extol, not confer benefit. আশীর্বাদ করা normally flows superior-to-inferior in Bengali and would wrongly imply Ezra/the people conferring favor on God.

Bow Worship

Approved rendering: মাথা নত করা / ভূমিষ্ঠ হয়ে উপাসনা করা
Transliteration: matha noto kora / bhumishtho hoye upashona kora
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Original: קָדַד / הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה
Category: Worship

New term. Physical prostration expressing reverence and submission to the LORD alone (8:6). Closely resembles Hindu প্রণাম before an image or guru; a translator note clarifying this is worship of the one imageless God is required at first occurrence.

Enemy

Approved rendering: শত্রু
Transliteration: shotru
Doctrine: Opposition and Perseverance in God’s Work
Original: אוֹיֵב
Category: Opposition

New term. The recurring external adversaries (Sanballat, Tobiah, and others) opposing the rebuilding (chs. 4, 6). Risk that Bengali readers hear this through real interreligious/communal tension; the opposition is narrative-specific, never a template for interreligious hostility.

Terror Fear Pachad

Approved rendering: ভয় / আতঙ্ক
Transliteration: bhoy / atonko
Doctrine: Opposition and Perseverance in God’s Work
Original: פַּחַד
Category: Opposition

New term. Renders פַּחַד (pachad), dread from opposition’s threats and intimidation (ch.6). Must be kept terminologically distinct from ঈশ্বরভয় (reverential fear of God, see fear_of_god_yirah below) to avoid conflating fear-of-enemies with fear-of-God.

False Prophetess

Approved rendering: মিথ্যা ভাববাদিনী
Transliteration: mittha bhabbadini
Doctrine: Opposition and Perseverance in God’s Work
Original: נְבִיאָה
Category: Opposition

New term, pairs with baseline-reused ভাববাদী. Noadiah, hired by Nehemiah’s opponents to intimidate under a false claim of prophetic authority (6:14); warns that opposition can wear a religious mask.

Usury Interest

Approved rendering: সুদ
Transliteration: shudo
Doctrine: Social Justice and Economic Righteousness within the Covenant Community
Original: נֶשֶׁךְ / מַשָּׂא
Category: Ethics

New term. Exploitative lending against fellow Israelites, framed as covenant-breaking oppression (5:1-13). Risk of being flattened into a purely modern business-ethics/microfinance issue; native-speaker review should preserve the covenant-brotherhood framing while acknowledging, without conflating, the strong resonance with Islamic riba discourse.

Tirshatha Governor Title

Approved rendering: শাসনকর্তা / দেশাধ্যক্ষ
Transliteration: shashonkorta / desadhyokkho
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership (civil office context)
Rejected alternatives: তির্শাথা (bare transliteration of the rare Persian loanword title)

New term. Renders תִּרְשָׁתָא (Tirshatha, Nehemiah’s Persian gubernatorial title, 8:9; 10:1) by office rather than transliterating the opaque loanword, consistent with how ‘governor’ is rendered elsewhere (5:14, 18). Prevents readers from mistaking a civil office for a religious one.

Low Risk Terms

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: dhonnobad
Doctrine: The Joy of the Lord as Strength
Original: תּוֹדָה
Category: Worship

Inherited from Romans package. Standard term, no significant doctrinal risk. Used for the thanksgiving choirs/offerings (todah) at the wall’s dedication, Nehemiah 12:27-43.

Prophet

Approved rendering: ভাববাদী
Transliteration: bhabbadi
Doctrine: Opposition and Perseverance in God’s Work
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতিষী

Inherited from Romans package. God’s spokesperson; do not confuse with জ্যোতিষী (astrologer). Serves as the base term for the Nehemiah-specific compound মিথ্যা ভাববাদিনী (false prophetess, Noadiah, ch.6) — see below.

Sealed

Approved rendering: সিলমোহরকৃত
Transliteration: shilmohorkrito
Doctrine: Confession and Covenant Renewal
Original: חָתוּם
Category: Covenant

New term. Formal ratification of the covenant pledge document by affixed seals (Neh 10:1). Standard administrative term.

Tithe

Approved rendering: দশমাংশ
Transliteration: doshomangsho
Doctrine: Confession and Covenant Renewal
Original: מַעֲשֵׂר
Category: Covenant

New term. The tenth portion supporting Levites/temple service, reaffirmed in the sealed pledge (ch.10) and re-enforced after neglect (ch.13).

Build Rebuild

Approved rendering: নির্মাণ করা / পুনর্নির্মাণ করা
Transliteration: nirman kora / punornirman kora
Doctrine: Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People
Original: בָּנָה
Category: Restoration

New term. The book’s central verb of construction/restoration (chs. 2-6). Theologically significant as the controlling metaphor though lexically low-risk.

Ruins

Approved rendering: ধ্বংসস্তূপ
Transliteration: dhongshostup
Doctrine: Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People
Original: חָרְבָּה
Category: Restoration

New term. The physical desolation of Jerusalem’s walls and gates at the book’s opening (1:3; 2:13, 17).

Finished Completed

Approved rendering: সম্পন্ন হল
Transliteration: shomponno holo
Doctrine: Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People
Original: וַתִּשְׁלַם (שלם)
Category: Restoration

New term. The wall’s completion in 52 days despite sustained opposition (6:15), the narrative climax of the rebuilding doctrine.

Read Aloud

Approved rendering: পাঠ করা
Transliteration: path kora
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Original: קָרָא
Category: Word of God

New term. Public oral proclamation of the Law before the assembly (8:3, 8, 18); ancient reading was aloud, not silent.

Wooden Platform

Approved rendering: কাঠের মঞ্চ
Transliteration: kather moncho
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Rejected alternatives: মিনার/দুর্গ (defensive tower/fortress)
Original: מִגְדַּל־עֵץ
Category: Word of God

New term. The raised, purpose-built wooden structure from which Ezra read the Law (8:4), forerunner of the pulpit. Must not be rendered as a defensive tower.

Mourn Weep

Approved rendering: শোক করা / কাঁদা
Transliteration: shok kora / kanda
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Original: אָבַל / בָּכָה
Category: Word of God

New term. The people’s grief on hearing the Law read (8:9), genuine convicted response deliberately redirected toward joy in the following verse; translation should preserve this emotional turn.

Made Known

Approved rendering: জানিয়ে দেওয়া
Transliteration: janiye deoa
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Original: הוֹדִיעוּ (hiphil of ידע)
Category: Word of God

New term. Declaring/communicating the Law’s words so as to produce actual knowledge (8:12); true joy is the fruit of a Word actually grasped, not merely performed.

Amen

Approved rendering: আমেন
Transliteration: amen
Doctrine: The Word of God Read, Understood, and Obeyed
Original: אָמֵן
Category: Worship

New term (baseline-consistent transliteration). The assembly’s ratifying affirmation (8:6), matching the established transliterated form used throughout the Romans package.

Grieved

Approved rendering: দুঃখিত হওয়া
Transliteration: dukkhito hoya
Doctrine: The Joy of the Lord as Strength
Original: עָצַב
Category: Joy

New term. Emotional distress the people are commanded not to dwell in on the holy day (8:10-11); the key theological point is the commanded turn toward joy.

Be Still Hush

Approved rendering: নিরব হও / শান্ত হও
Transliteration: nirobo hou / shanto hou
Doctrine: The Joy of the Lord as Strength
Original: הַס (הָסָה)
Category: Joy

New term. The Levites’ calming command redirecting the people from grief toward commanded joy (8:11); models pastoral leadership shaping congregational posture.

Conspiracy

Approved rendering: ষড়যন্ত্র
Transliteration: shorojontro
Doctrine: Opposition and Perseverance in God’s Work
Original: קֶשֶׁר
Category: Opposition

New term. The organized secret plan to attack the builders (4:8), prompting the paired prayer-and-vigilance response.

Mock Deride

Approved rendering: উপহাস করা
Transliteration: upohash kora
Doctrine: Opposition and Perseverance in God’s Work
Original: לַעַג
Category: Opposition

New term. Verbal ridicule intended to demoralize the builders, the first form opposition takes (4:1-3).

Artaxerxes

Approved rendering: অর্তক্ষস্ত
Transliteration: Ortokkhosto
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership (narrative context)

New term. Proper royal name (Persian king); established Bengali Bible convention for Persian-period royal names, parallel to দায়ূদ/মোশি.

Susa

Approved rendering: শূশন
Transliteration: Shushon
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God in Leadership (narrative context)

New term. Proper place name (the Persian capital, Neh 1:1); established Bengali OT transliteration convention.

Sheep Gate

Approved rendering: মেষদ্বার
Transliteration: meshdwar
Doctrine: Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People

New term. Descriptive rendering of a named Jerusalem gate (chs. 3, 12); fix once and apply identically across both chapters for consistency.

Fish Gate

Approved rendering: মৎস্যদ্বার
Transliteration: matshyodwar
Doctrine: Rebuilding the Wall as Restoration of God’s People