Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — Philemon (Greek → Bengali)
This glossary catalogs every load-bearing theological/relational term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entire book of Philemon (a single 25-verse chapter). Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE], and their recorded Bengali rendering is carried over exactly, with no deviation permitted. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked [NEW] and must be added to translation_memory.json before Phase 2 processing, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence) / High (human theologian review) / Medium (native speaker review recommended) / Low (automated review sufficient).
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (No New Risk Assessment Required)
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Bengali Rendering | Risk | Verses | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις (charis) | অনুগ্রহ | High | 1:3, 25 (echo at 22) | Reused exactly; forms inclusio at letter’s open/close |
| Peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | শান্তি | Medium | 1:3 | Reused exactly |
| God | θεός (theos) | ঈশ্বর | Critical | 1:3, 4 | Reused exactly |
| Father | πατήρ (patēr) | পিতা | Critical | 1:3 | Reused exactly |
| Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | প্রভু | Critical | 1:3, 5, 16, 20, 23, 25 | Reused exactly; see caution on household “master” sense in v.16 context notes |
| Jesus / Christ | Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | যীশু খ্রীষ্ট | Critical | throughout | Reused exactly |
| Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστῶ (eucharistō) | ধন্যবাদ | Low | 1:4 | Reused exactly |
| Faith | πίστις (pistis) | বিশ্বাস | High | 1:5, 6 | Reused exactly |
| Saints | ἅγιοι (hagioi) | পবিত্র লোক | High | 1:5, 7 | Reused exactly; never সাধু/সাধুগণ |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία (koinōnia) | সহভাগিতা | Low | 1:6 | Reused exactly (abstract noun) |
| Church | ἐκκλησία (ekklēsia) | মণ্ডলী | Medium | 1:2 | Reused exactly; here a house-church |
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion) | সুসমাচার | High | 1:13 | Reused exactly; never ইঞ্জিল |
| Exhort/Appeal (encourage sense) | παρακαλέω (parakaleō) | উৎসাহিত করা | Low | (n/a in Philemon — see Section C for appeal sense used here) | Reused label only; NOT the sense active in Philemon 9-10 |
| Obedience of Faith (doctrinal phrase) | ὑπακοὴ πίστεως | বিশ্বাসের বাধ্যতা | High | (n/a — see Section C for plain ὑπακοή at 1:21) | Reused label only; must NOT be applied to Philemon 1:21’s plain ὑπακοή |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | পবিত্র আত্মা | Critical | (n/a — see Section C for human πνεῦμα at 1:25) | Reused label only; must NOT be applied to the human spirit in 1:25 |
Section B — Established Term, Context-Sensitive Application Required
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Bengali Rendering (This Book’s Context) | Risk | Verses | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appeal / Beseech | παρακαλέω (parakaleō) | বিনতি করা | High | 1:9, 10 | Baseline itself flags this term as context-sensitive (“বিনতি for beseeching; উৎসাহিত করা for building up”). Philemon’s entire rhetorical strategy (appeal, not command) depends on the beseeching sense; must not be rendered উৎসাহিত করা. |
| Obedience (general) | ὑπακοή (hypakoē) | আনুগত্য / বাধ্যতা | High | 1:21 | Distinct from the doctrinal phrase বিশ্বাসের বাধ্যতা (obedience of faith, Romans 1:5/16:26). Must not be conflated with that soteriological phrase; this is relational compliance to Paul’s specific appeal. |
| Spirit (human) | πνεῦμα (pneuma) | আত্মা (without পবিত্র qualifier) | Medium | 1:25 | Must be distinguished from পবিত্র আত্মা (Holy Spirit), the baseline Critical-risk term; this is the human spirit of the letter’s recipients. |
Section C — New Terms for This Curriculum, by Doctrine
C1. Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Bengali Rendering | Risk | Verses | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slave / bondservant | δοῦλος (doulos) | দাস | Critical | 1:16 | The book’s single highest-stakes term. দাস is the established Bengali Bible rendering (reused from wider Bengali NT tradition, not itself in the Romans TM since Romans’s opening δοῦλος was not separately codified there). Must NOT use গোলাম (Perso-Arabic/Islamic-idiom slavery term, rejected per the baseline’s consistent pattern of rejecting Islamic-idiom loanwords for Christian doctrinal vocabulary). Cultural caution required: দাস also carries residual caste/varna-servant-class association in Bengali Hindu contexts (and is a common Bengali surname denoting lower-caste heritage); a historical/cultural translator’s note is recommended for teaching material accompanying every occurrence. |
| Useless / unprofitable | ἄχρηστος (achrēstos) | অনুপকারী | Medium | 1:11 | Wordplay on Onesimus’s name (meaning “useful”); pun requires a footnote in Bengali teaching material. |
| Useful / profitable | εὔχρηστος (euchrēstos) | উপকারী | Medium | 1:11 | Paired term to ἄχρηστος; render with matching root (অনুপকারী → উপকারী) to preserve the visible before/after contrast. |
| Onesimus (proper name) | Ὀνήσιμος (Onēsimos) | ওনীষিম | Low (name); flag note | 1:10 | Meaning “useful/profitable” — root of wordplay carried through vv.11, 20. |
| May I benefit / have joy | ὀναίμην (onaimēn) | উপকার/আনন্দ পাই | Medium | 1:20 | Further wordplay on Onesimus’s name; footnote recommended. |
| Was separated (divine passive) | ἐχωρίσθη (echōristhē) | বিচ্ছিন্ন হয়েছিল | Medium-High | 1:15 | Passive voice implies divine providence at work in Onesimus’s flight, echoing the Romans 8:28 providence doctrine (ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা); must not be read as excusing wrongdoing (see v.18 note below). |
| Flesh (neutral relational sense) | σάρξ (sarx) | শারীরিক সম্পর্কে | Medium | 1:16 | Neutral “earthly/natural relationship” sense; must be distinguished from the morally-loaded “sinful flesh” usage found elsewhere in Pauline theology (Romans 7-8). |
C2. Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Bengali Rendering | Risk | Verses | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beloved brother | ἀδελφὸς ἀγαπητός (adelphos agapētos) | প্রিয় ভাই | High | 1:16 | Direct positive counterpart to δοῦλος in the same verse; must be understood as reshaping Onesimus’s actual social treatment, not a merely sentimental label. |
| Brother (address) | ἀδελφός (adelphos) | ভাই | Low-Medium | 1:1, 7 (ἀδελφέ), 16, 20 | Recommend consistent ভাই throughout for warmth and register-fit; ভ্রাতা available as a more literary alternative if house style requires. |
| Sister | ἀδελφή (adelphē) | বোন | Low-Medium | 1:2 | Companion term to ἀδελφός; বোন recommended over the more formal ভগ্নী for register consistency. |
| Partner / sharer | κοινωνός (koinōnos) | সহভাগী | Medium | 1:17 | Personal-noun cognate of the already-established সহভাগিতা (fellowship, abstract noun); keep root visibly connected. |
| Fellow worker | συνεργός (synergos) | সহকর্মী | Low | 1:1, 24 | Standard, low-risk compound. |
| Fellow soldier | συστρατιώτης (systratiōtēs) | সহসৈনিক | Low-Medium | 1:2 | Metaphorical (gospel partnership under hardship), not literal military service; brief clarifying note recommended. |
C3. Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Bengali Rendering | Risk | Verses | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boldness / confidence (to command) | παρρησία (parrēsia) | দৃঢ় সাহস / পূর্ণ সাহস ও অধিকার | Medium | 1:8 | Marks the authority Paul deliberately sets aside in favor of appeal. |
| Command (to order) | ἐπιτάσσω (epitassō) | আদেশ করা | Low | 1:8 | The rejected alternative to appeal; contrast term. |
| What is fitting | τὸ ἀνῆκον (to anēkon) | যা যুক্তিসঙ্গত / উপযুক্ত | Medium | 1:8 | Avoid কর্তব্য (duty), which carries dharma-adjacent religious-obligation overtones already flagged as risky in the baseline. |
| Prisoner (of Christ) | δέσμιος (desmios) | বন্দী | Medium | 1:1, 9, 10, 13 | Always pair with খ্রীষ্ট যীশুর to preserve Paul’s reframing of imprisonment as gospel service, not disgrace. |
| Fellow prisoner (captive) | συναιχμάλωτος (synaichmalōtos) | সহবন্দী | Medium | 1:23 | Distinct, more vivid Greek term than δέσμιος (military-captivity imagery); do not conflate renderings. |
| Elder / ambassador (textual variant) | πρεσβύτης / πρεσβευτής (presbytēs / presbeutēs) | বৃদ্ধ (primary); দূত/প্রতিনিধি (variant note) | Medium | 1:9 | One-letter textual variant with real interpretive consequence; flag for reviewer awareness. |
| My child (spiritual paternity) | τέκνον (teknon) | সন্তান | Low-Medium | 1:10 | Distinct from the baseline “adoption” doctrine (দত্তকপুত্রতা); this is begetting/fathering language, not the legal adoption formula. |
| I have begotten | γεννάω (egennēsa) | জন্ম দিয়েছি / আত্মিকভাবে সন্তান করে তুলেছি | Medium | 1:10 | Figurative spiritual fathering through gospel ministry during imprisonment; clarifying note recommended. |
| Very heart / inmost affection | σπλάγχνα (splagchna) | হৃদয় (recommended consistent rendering) | Medium | 1:7, 12, 20 | Repeated three times; render identically across all three occurrences to preserve the letter’s emotional thread. Avoid literal “bowels/intestines” phrasing. |
| I was wishing/desiring | βούλομαι (eboulomēn) | ইচ্ছা করা / চাইতাম | Low | 1:13 | Standard volition verb. |
| To retain/keep possessively | κατέχω (katechein) | নিজের কাছে রেখে দেওয়া | Medium | 1:13 | Preserve the possessive-retention nuance Paul deliberately refrains from acting on. |
| To minister/serve | διακονέω (diakonē) | সেবা করা | Low-Medium | 1:13 | General service, not the technical “deacon” church office. |
| Chains of the gospel | δεσμοῖς τοῦ εὐαγγελίου | সুসমাচারের জন্য শৃঙ্খলে/বন্দিত্বে | Medium | 1:13 | Compound phrase; lexical echo with δέσμιος elsewhere in the letter should be preserved where feasible. |
| Wronged (did injustice) | ἀδικέω (ēdikēsen) | অন্যায় করা | Low-Medium | 1:18 | Paul does not deny the wrong occurred; foundational to genuine forgiveness in this letter. |
| Owes | ὀφείλω (opheilei) | ঋণী থাকা | Low | 1:18 | Standard debt term. |
| Charge to my account | ἐλλογάω (elloga) | আমার হিসাবে ধরো / আমার নামে লিখে রাখো | High | 1:18 | Rare commercial/legal accounting verb (only here and Romans 5:13 in the NT); echoes the imputed-righteousness doctrine (আরোপিত ধার্মিকতা) at a personal-relational scale. Do not reuse the exact doctrinal phrase itself; preserve the accounting-metaphor structure. Flag for theologian review. |
| I will repay | ἀποτίνω (apotisō) | পরিশোধ করা | Low-Medium | 1:19 | Formal restitution verb; functions as a binding, handwritten guarantee. |
| You owe besides | προσοφείλω (prosopheileis) | অতিরিক্ত ঋণী থাকা | Low-Medium | 1:19 | Philemon’s own (greater) debt to Paul, used as relativizing leverage. |
| Consent / judgment | γνώμη (gnōmē) | সম্মতি | Medium | 1:14 | Requires active agreement, not mere opinion. |
| I write, having confidence | πείθω (pepoithōs) | আস্থা রেখে / নির্ভর করে | Low-Medium | 1:21 | Standard confidence/persuasion verb. |
| Remembrance (in prayer) | μνεία (mneia) | স্মরণ | Low | 1:4 | Standard prayer-report vocabulary. |
| Prayer | προσευχή (proseuchē) | প্রার্থনা | Low | 1:4, 22 | Frames the letter’s human intercession within ongoing prayer. |
| Lodging / hospitality | ξενία (xenia) | অতিথিশালা / থাকার ব্যবস্থা | Low | 1:22 | Culturally resonant with Bengali atithi-seba (hospitality) conventions; low risk. |
| I will be graciously given/restored | χαρίζομαι (charisthēsomai) | অনুগ্রহে ফিরিয়ে দেওয়া হবে | Medium | 1:22 | Wordplay with অনুগ্রহ (grace) root; preserve visible connection to v.3’s opening grace salutation. |
C4. Grace-Motivated Obedience
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Bengali Rendering | Risk | Verses | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Necessity / compulsion | ἀνάγκη (anagkē) | বাধ্যবাধকতা / জোরপূর্বক | High | 1:14 | Direct polarity with ἑκούσιον; mirrors the grace-versus-works-compulsion logic already Critical/High-flagged in the Romans baseline (Romans 4:4-5, 11:5-6). Flag for human theologian review. |
| Voluntary / of one’s own accord | ἑκούσιον (hekousion) | স্বেচ্ছায় / স্বতঃপ্রণোদিত হয়ে | High | 1:14 | Paired term to ἀνάγκη; the letter’s clearest single statement of grace-motivated (not compelled) obedience. Flag for human theologian review. |
C5. Forgiveness and Reconciliation
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Bengali Rendering | Risk | Verses | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forever / permanently | αἰώνιος (aiōnios, adverbial) | চিরকালের জন্য | Medium | 1:15 | Contrasted with “for a season” (πρὸς ὥραν); do not inflate to full “eternal life” doctrinal weight, but do not flatten to merely “a long time” — the temporary/permanent contrast is the theological point. |
| Refresh (give rest) | ἀναπαύω (anapauō) | প্রশান্তি দেওয়া / বিশ্রাম দেওয়া | Low-Medium | 1:7, 20 | Verbal echo between the two occurrences (Philemon has refreshed others; now asked to refresh Paul) should be preserved. |
| Joy | χαρά (chara) | আনন্দ | Low | 1:7 | Standard term. |
| Comfort / encouragement | παράκλησις (paraklēsis) | সান্ত্বনা / স্বস্তি | Low-Medium | 1:7 | Distinct sense from the “appeal” use of the cognate verb παρακαλέω later in the letter (vv.9-10); flag the shift for translators. |
| Effective / active | ἐνεργής (energēs) | কার্যকর / সক্রিয় | Low | 1:6 | Standard term. |
| Full knowledge | ἐπίγνωσις (epignōsis) | পূর্ণ জ্ঞান / সঠিক জ্ঞান | Low-Medium | 1:6 | Intensified form of γνῶσις; “full/accurate” nuance worth retaining. |
Section D — Proper Names (Established or Newly Required Bengali Forms)
| English Name | Greek Form | Bengali Rendering | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paul | Παῦλος | পৌল | [BASELINE REUSE] — established Bengali Christian Bible form |
| Timothy | Τιμόθεος | তীমথিয় | Established Bengali Bible form |
| Philemon | Φιλήμων | ফিলীমন | New to this curriculum; standard Bengali Bible form |
| Apphia | Ἀπφία | আপ্ফিয়া | New; transliterated |
| Archippus | Ἄρχιππος | আর্খিপ্পস | New; transliterated |
| Onesimus | Ὀνήσιμος | ওনীষিম | New; see C1 above for wordplay significance |
| Epaphras | Ἐπαφρᾶς | ইপাফ্রা | New; transliterated |
| Mark | Μᾶρκος | মার্ক | Established Bengali Bible form |
| Aristarchus | Ἀρίσταρχος | আরিস্তার্খ | New; transliterated |
| Demas | Δημᾶς | দীমা | New; transliterated |
| Luke | Λουκᾶς | লূক | Established Bengali Bible form |
Section E — Summary Risk Distribution for This Book
| Risk Tier | Count | Representative Terms |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 1 | δοῦλος (slave) |
| High | 7 | παρακαλέω (appeal sense), ἀδελφὸς ἀγαπητός, ὑπακοή (general), ἐλλογάω, ἀνάγκη, ἑκούσιον, τὸ ἀνῆκον* (*borderline High/Medium; treat as Medium unless teaching context requires escalation) |
| Medium | ~20 | δέσμιος, σπλάγχνα, ἐχωρίσθη, σάρξ, κοινωνός, χαρίζομαι, γνώμη, αἰώνιος, ἄχρηστος/εὔχρηστος, ὀναίμην, etc. |
| Low | ~15 | ἐπιτάσσω, βούλομαι, μνεία, προσευχή, ξενία, ἀποτίνω, χαρά, ἐνεργής, most proper names |
All Critical and High risk terms in this glossary must be routed to human theologian review per the escalation rules already established in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md; this instruction set is extended, not superseded, by the present glossary and will be reflected in an updated instruction document for the Philemon curriculum.
Critical Risk Terms
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকর্তা
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Salutation formula, Philemon 1:3.
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Salutation and thanksgiving, Philemon 1:3-4.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্র আত্মা
Transliteration: Pobitro Attha
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্ম, পরমাত্মা
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not textually present as such in Philemon, but MUST be fenced against the distinct human ‘your spirit’ of the closing benediction (Philemon 1:25) — see new term ‘human_spirit’, which uses আত্মা alone, without the পবিত্র qualifier, and must never be capitalized or treated as this Trinitarian title.
Jesus
Approved rendering: যীশু
Transliteration: Jishu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঈসা
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs throughout the letter in the combined title ‘Christ Jesus’/‘Jesus Christ.’ Never ঈসা.
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs Philemon 1:3, 5, 16, 20, 23, 25. CAUTION at 1:16: ‘in the Lord’ (ἐν κυρίῳ) stands in explicit parallel/contrast with ‘in the flesh’ (see new term ‘flesh_relational’); reuse প্রভু exactly and never substitute a generic household ‘master’ sense here even though κύριος can carry that sense elsewhere in the letter’s household-master semantic field.
Messiah
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Combined with Jesus throughout the letter as the theological ground of every relational appeal. Never মশীহ without extensive qualification.
Slave
Approved rendering: দাস
Transliteration: das
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: গোলাম, সেবক (rejected euphemism)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
CRITICAL — the single highest-stakes term in this book. δοῦλος, Philemon 1:16. Render দাস, the established Bengali Bible term; NEVER গোলাম (the Perso-Arabic/Islamic-idiom slavery term carrying a distinct legal-theological framework under classical Islamic law, foreign to this letter’s Greco-Roman context), and NEVER soften to সেবক as some outreach/common-language editions do, which erases the letter’s central social claim that Onesimus’s real, unresolved legal status is honestly named before being reframed relationally. Cultural caution: দাস also carries residual caste/varna-servant-class association in Bengali Hindu contexts and functions as a common lower-caste surname. A mandatory historical/cultural translator’s note is required at EVERY occurrence in teaching material, distinguishing first-century Greco-Roman chattel slavery from both the caste association and any folk-devotional ‘servant of a deity’ sense.
High Risk Terms
Appeal
Approved rendering: বিনতি করা
Transliteration: binoti kora
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: উৎসাহিত করা
Original: παρακαλῶ
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
παρακαλῶ, Philemon 1:9-10. The baseline’s own translation_memory entry for this lexeme (‘exhort’) is explicitly context-sensitive: বিনতি for beseeching, উৎসাহিত করা for building up. This occurrence is the beseeching sense and MUST use বিনতি করা; using উৎসাহিত করা here would destroy the letter’s central rhetorical move (appeal chosen deliberately over command, v.8’s ἐπιτάσσω).
Beloved Brother
Approved rendering: প্রিয় ভাই
Transliteration: priyo bhai
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: ἀδελφὸς ἀγαπητός
Category: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
ἀδελφὸς ἀγαπητός, Philemon 1:16. The direct positive re-classification of Onesimus, in the same verse that says he is ‘no longer a slave.’ Must not be read as a merely sentimental or metaphorical brotherhood; the letter’s argument requires it to reshape Onesimus’s actual social and legal treatment ‘in the flesh,’ not only ‘in the Lord.’ Translator’s note required clarifying this is a status-reclassification claim, not merely an affectionate label.
Charge To Account
Approved rendering: আমার হিসাবে ধরো
Transliteration: amar hishabe dhoro
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: আরোপিত ধার্মিকতা (the Romans 4 doctrinal phrase itself — MUST NOT be reused here)
Original: ἐλλόγα
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
ἐλλογάω (ἐλλόγα), Philemon 1:18. A rare commercial/legal accounting verb (used only here and Romans 5:13 in the entire NT) by which Paul formally transfers Onesimus’s debt to his own account. Echoes the imputed-righteousness doctrine already Critical-flagged in the Romans baseline (আরোপিত ধার্মিকতা, Romans 4:3); do NOT reuse that exact reserved doctrinal phrase here — it names the forensic salvation doctrine, not a personal financial guarantee — but preserve the underlying accounting-metaphor structure so the conceptual parallel remains visible to careful readers and teachers. Flag for human theologian review.
Compulsion
Approved rendering: বাধ্যবাধকতা
Transliteration: baddhobadhokota
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: জোরপূর্বক (acceptable adjectival alternative)
Original: ἀνάγκη
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
ἀνάγκη, Philemon 1:14. Explicitly what Paul does NOT want Philemon’s good deed to be motivated by. Direct polarity with ‘voluntary’ (see below); mirrors the grace-versus-works-compulsion logic already High-flagged in the Romans baseline (Romans 4:4-5, 11:5-6). Softening into mild ‘reluctance’ would blur the theological point that grace-motivated goodness cannot be extracted by apostolic pressure, even legitimate pressure. Flag for human theologian review at every occurrence.
Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাস
Transliteration: bishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ঈমান, শ্রদ্ধা
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Reported of Philemon in 1:5-6 (πίστις, κοινωνία τῆς πίστεως).
Gospel
Approved rendering: সুসমাচার
Transliteration: susomachar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: খুশ খবর, ইঞ্জিল
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Philemon 1:13, renders δεσμοῖς τοῦ εὐαγγελίου (‘chains of the gospel’), reframing Paul’s imprisonment as gospel service rather than disgrace. Never ইঞ্জিল.
Grace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Forms an inclusio between Philemon 1:3 and 1:25, and is echoed in the χαρίζομαι wordplay of 1:22 (see new term ‘graciously_restored’); keep the অনুগ্রহ root visibly connected across all three occurrences.
Obedience General
Approved rendering: আনুগত্য
Transliteration: anugotto
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: বিশ্বাসের বাধ্যতা (the reserved Romans 1:5/16:26 doctrinal phrase — MUST NOT be used here)
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
ὑπακοή, Philemon 1:21, WITHOUT the πίστεως qualifier. General obedience/compliance to Paul’s specific relational appeal, NOT the technical soteriological phrase ‘obedience of faith’ (see inherited term ‘obedience_of_faith’). Must never be rendered with, or conflated with, বিশ্বাসের বাধ্যতা, which would wrongly import a full soteriological claim into a single personal request. Flag for human theologian review to guard against this conflation — identified as the single most consequential lexical-collision risk in this curriculum.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাসের বাধ্যতা
Transliteration: bishwasher baddhota
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ধর্মীয় কর্তব্য পালন
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, as a LABEL only, reserved exclusively for the Romans 1:5/16:26 soteriological phrase. MUST NOT be applied to, or conflated with, Philemon 1:21’s plain ὑπακοή (general relational obedience) — see new term ‘obedience_general’. This fencing is the single highest lexical-collision risk identified for this curriculum.
Saints
Approved rendering: পবিত্র লোক
Transliteration: pobitro lok
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: সাধু, সাধুগণ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs Philemon 1:5, 1:7; never সাধু/সাধুগণ.
Separated Providence
Approved rendering: বিচ্ছিন্ন হয়েছিল
Transliteration: bicchinno hoyechilo
Doctrine: Providence in Suffering and Wrongdoing
Rejected alternatives: চলে গিয়েছিল (active-voice ‘he left’ — rejected; loses the implied divine agency)
Original: ἐχωρίσθη
Category: Providence
ἐχωρίσθη, Philemon 1:15, a divine passive. Echoes the Romans baseline’s Providence doctrine (ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা, High risk, Romans 8:28) working through Onesimus’s flight. Must not be read as excusing the wrongdoing, which v.18 still names as অন্যায়; must not collapse into fate (ভাগ্য/নিয়তি) or fatalistic taqdir.
Voluntary
Approved rendering: স্বেচ্ছায়
Transliteration: shwecchay
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: স্বতঃপ্রণোদিত হয়ে (acceptable expanded alternative)
Original: ἑκούσιον
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
ἑκούσιον, Philemon 1:14. The manner in which Paul insists Philemon’s good deed must be done. Paired term to ‘compulsion’; softening into generic ‘willingness’ would blur the same theological point. Flag for human theologian review at every occurrence.
Medium Risk Terms
Begotten
Approved rendering: জন্ম দিয়েছি
Transliteration: jonmo diyechi
Doctrine: Spiritual Paternity and Gospel Ministry
Rejected alternatives: আত্মিকভাবে সন্তান করে তুলেছি (acceptable expanded alternative)
Original: ἐγέννησα
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
ἐγέννησα, Philemon 1:10. Paul’s claim of spiritual paternity over Onesimus’s conversion. Avoid literalistic phrasing that would sound biologically odd in Bengali; a clarifying translator note on spiritual fatherhood through gospel ministry is required.
Benefit Wordplay
Approved rendering: উপকার/আনন্দ পাই
Transliteration: upokar/anondo pai
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ὀναίμην
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
ὀναίμην, Philemon 1:20. Paul’s optative wish to derive benefit/joy from Philemon ‘in the Lord,’ sharing its root with Onesimus’s name (see ‘onesimus’, ‘useless’, ‘useful’). This wordplay is lost without a translator’s footnote in Bengali.
Boldness
Approved rendering: পূর্ণ সাহস ও অধিকার
Transliteration: purno shahos o odhikar
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: সাহস (alone)
Original: παρρησία
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
παρρησία, Philemon 1:8. Marks the confident standing/authority Paul has ‘in Christ’ to command Philemon outright, which he deliberately sets aside. A flat rendering of mere ‘courage’ (সাহস alone) loses the standing/authority component.
Church
Approved rendering: মণ্ডলী
Transliteration: mondoli
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: মন্দির, গির্জা
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Philemon 1:2, specifically a house-church (κατ’ οἶκόν); this sharpens the letter’s social stakes since the same household hosts both the master-slave relationship and the gathered, formally-equal assembly. Never মন্দির.
Comfort Encouragement
Approved rendering: সান্ত্বনা
Transliteration: santwona
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: স্বস্তি (acceptable alternative)
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
παράκλησις, Philemon 1:7. The comfort/consolation Paul has received through Philemon’s love — a distinct sense from the ‘appeal’ use of the cognate verb παρακαλέω later in the letter (see ‘appeal’, vv.9-10). Flag the shift in sense for translators.
Confidence Trust
Approved rendering: আস্থা রেখে
Transliteration: astha rekhe
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: নির্ভর করে (acceptable alternative)
Original: πεποιθώς
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
πείθω (πεποιθώς), Philemon 1:21. Paul’s stated confidence, grounding his final appeal, that Philemon will comply.
Consent
Approved rendering: সম্মতি
Transliteration: sommoti
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: মতামত
Original: γνώμη
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
γνώμη, Philemon 1:14. Requires Philemon’s active agreement, not merely his opinion; reject মতামত (mere viewpoint).
Elder Ambassador
Approved rendering: বৃদ্ধ
Transliteration: briddho
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: πρεσβύτης (v.l. πρεσβευτής)
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
πρεσβύτης (v.l. πρεσβευτής), Philemon 1:9. Primary rendering বৃদ্ধ (elderly man); flag the πρεσβευτής/‘ambassador’ one-letter textual variant (দূত/প্রতিনিধি) in a translator note for reviewer awareness, since the choice affects how Paul’s rhetorical self-presentation reads.
Fellow Prisoner
Approved rendering: সহবন্দী
Transliteration: sohobondi
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
Original: συναιχμάλωτος
Category: Church
συναιχμάλωτος, Philemon 1:23. A stronger, more vivid term than plain δέσμιος (see ‘prisoner’), specifically evoking military captivity. Built on বন্দী with the সহ- (fellow-) prefix; reserve this rendering EXCLUSIVELY for v.23 — never backfill it into vv.1, 9, 10, 13, and never collapse the two distinct Greek words into identical Bengali wording.
Flesh Relational
Approved rendering: শারীরিক সম্পর্কে
Transliteration: sharirik somporke
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: মাংসে (literal ‘in flesh/meat’ — rejected)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
σάρξ, Philemon 1:16, neutral relational sense (‘the natural/earthly relationship’), in explicit parallel with ‘in the Lord.’ Must be distinguished from the morally-loaded ‘sinful flesh’ concept elsewhere in Pauline theology (Romans 7-8); a brief distinguishing note is required for teaching materials.
Forever Permanently
Approved rendering: চিরকালের জন্য
Transliteration: chirokaler jonno
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: αἰώνιον
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
αἰώνιον (adverbial), Philemon 1:15. Contrasted with ‘for a season’ (πρὸς ὥραν); must not be inflated to full ‘eternal life’ doctrinal weight, but must not be flattened to merely ‘a long time’ either — the temporary/permanent contrast is the theological point.
Full Knowledge
Approved rendering: পূর্ণ জ্ঞান
Transliteration: purno gyan
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
Rejected alternatives: সঠিক জ্ঞান (acceptable alternative)
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Faith
ἐπίγνωσις, Philemon 1:6. Intensified form of γνῶσις; retains the ‘full/accurate’ nuance, connected to the effectiveness of shared faith.
Graciously Restored
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহে ফিরিয়ে দেওয়া হবে
Transliteration: anugrohe firiye dewa hobe
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: χαρισθήσομαι
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
χαρίζομαι (χαρισθήσομαι), Philemon 1:22. Paul’s hoped-for release from prison, framed as an act of grace rather than merely a legal outcome. Keep the অনুগ্রহ root visible to preserve the wordplay with 1:3’s opening grace salutation.
Human Spirit
Approved rendering: আত্মা
Transliteration: attha
Doctrine: Closing Benediction and the Human Spirit
Original: πνεῦμα ὑμῶν
Category: God
πνεῦμα ὑμῶν, Philemon 1:25, in the closing benediction ‘the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.’ NOT the Holy Spirit (πνεῦμα ἅγιον, পবিত্র আত্মা, Critical-risk in the baseline). Use আত্মা alone, without the পবিত্র qualifier; must not be capitalized or treated as a Trinitarian title in this context.
Inmost Heart
Approved rendering: হৃদয়
Transliteration: hridoy
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: নাড়ীভুড়ি (literal ‘bowels/intestines’ — rejected as crude/comic in Bengali)
Original: σπλάγχνα
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
σπλάγχνα, Philemon 1:7, 1:12, 1:20. Recurs three times, binding the saints’ hearts refreshed by Philemon (v.7), Onesimus as Paul’s ‘very heart’ sent back (v.12), and Paul’s own heart needing refreshment (v.20). MUST render হৃদয় identically at all three occurrences to preserve this emotional thread; never নাড়ীভুড়ি.
Love
Approved rendering: প্রেম
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: ভালোবাসা (acceptable informal alternative, but প্রেম is the established doctrinal register)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
ἀγάπη, Philemon 1:9, the stated ground of Paul’s appeal rather than a command. প্রেম carries strong romantic-love connotation in general Bengali usage; Bengali Bible tradition has stabilized প্রেম for ἀγάπη in doctrinal contexts, but a translator note reinforcing ‘committed, self-giving love, not romantic feeling’ is required at first occurrence, since here it grounds a legal/social appeal, not a personal favor.
Minister Serve
Approved rendering: সেবা করা
Transliteration: seba kora
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: διακονῇ
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
διακονέω, Philemon 1:13. General (though gospel-related) personal service Onesimus could render Paul in Philemon’s place; avoid over-formalizing into the technical ecclesial office of deacon.
My Child
Approved rendering: সন্তান
Transliteration: sontan
Doctrine: Spiritual Paternity and Gospel Ministry
Original: τέκνον
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
τέκνον, Philemon 1:10. Paul’s designation of Onesimus as his spiritual child, converted during Paul’s imprisonment. Keep conceptually distinct from the established দত্তকপুত্রতা (adoption, Romans 8) doctrine, a different legal-status reality; this is begetting/fathering language, not the adoption formula.
Owe Besides
Approved rendering: অতিরিক্ত ঋণী থাকা
Transliteration: otirikto rini thaka
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: προσοφείλεις
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
προσοφείλω (προσοφείλεις), Philemon 1:19. Philemon’s own, greater debt to Paul (presumably his conversion), used to relativize and outweigh Onesimus’s debt; models intercession using Paul’s own relational credit.
Partner
Approved rendering: সহভাগী
Transliteration: sohobhagi
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
Rejected alternatives: অংশীদার (business-partner term — rejected, too transactional)
Original: κοινωνός
Category: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
κοινωνός, Philemon 1:17. The personal-partner noun Paul applies to himself, asking Philemon to receive Onesimus exactly as he would receive Paul. Built on the same root as the established সহভাগিতা (fellowship, inherited from Romans) to keep the lexical family visibly connected; not yet a fixed idiom in general Bengali usage, so this coinage must be locked into translation memory before parallel Phase 2 processing to avoid inconsistent independent renderings.
Peace
Approved rendering: শান্তি
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: সুখ, স্বস্তি
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Standard salutation term, Philemon 1:3.
Prisoner
Approved rendering: বন্দী
Transliteration: bondi
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: δέσμιος
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
δέσμιος, Philemon 1:1, 9, 10, 13. Render বন্দী consistently at every occurrence, ALWAYS paired with খ্রীষ্ট যীশুর (of Christ Jesus) to preserve Paul’s reframing of imprisonment as gospel service, not disgrace. Do not render as merely ‘criminal in custody.’ Keep distinct from the new term ‘fellow_prisoner’ (συναιχμάλωτος, v.23), a different and more vivid Greek word.
Receive Welcome
Approved rendering: গ্রহণ করা
Transliteration: grohon kora
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: προσλαβοῦ
Category: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
προσλαβοῦ, Philemon 1:17. The imperative request that Philemon receive/accept Onesimus into full household reception. Note the imperative force — a direct request for action, not a suggestion.
Refresh
Approved rendering: প্রশান্তি দেওয়া
Transliteration: proshanti dewa
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: বিশ্রাম দেওয়া (acceptable alternative)
Original: ἀνάπαυσον
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
ἀναπαύω (ἀνάπαυσον/ἀναπέπαυται), Philemon 1:7 and 1:20. Keep consistent across both occurrences so the verbal echo remains visible — Paul asks Philemon to do for him personally what Philemon has already done for the wider church body.
Repay
Approved rendering: পরিশোধ করা
Transliteration: porishodh kora
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀποτίσω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
ἀποτίνω (ἀποτίσω), Philemon 1:19. Paul’s formal, handwritten guarantee of full financial restitution, functioning like a signed promissory note.
Retain Possessively
Approved rendering: নিজের কাছে রেখে দেওয়া
Transliteration: nijer kache rekhe dewa
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: রাখা (generic ‘keep’ — too soft)
Original: κατέχειν
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
κατέχειν, Philemon 1:13. The possessive claim Paul explicitly refrains from exercising over Onesimus even though it would benefit his ministry. Ensure the possessive-retention nuance (echoing the master-slave dynamic Paul is trying to transcend) is not lost in a softer, generic verb for ‘keep.‘
Useful
Approved rendering: উপকারী
Transliteration: upokari
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: εὔχρηστος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
εὔχρηστος, Philemon 1:11. Onesimus’s new condition after conversion; keep the parallel construction with ‘useless’ (অনুপকারী → উপকারী) so the before/after contrast is visually and lexically obvious.
Useless
Approved rendering: অনুপকারী
Transliteration: onupokari
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: ἄχρηστος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
ἄχρηστος, Philemon 1:11. Onesimus’s former condition, a direct pun on his name. Footnote required connecting to Onesimus’s name meaning.
What Is Fitting
Approved rendering: যা যুক্তিসঙ্গত
Transliteration: ja juktishongoto
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: কর্তব্য
Original: τὸ ἀνῆκον
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
τὸ ἀνῆκον, Philemon 1:8. Avoid কর্তব্য (duty), which carries dharma-adjacent religious/social-obligation overtones already flagged as risky in the Romans baseline (cf. বিশ্বাসের বাধ্যতা vs. ধর্মীয় কর্তব্য).
Wronged
Approved rendering: অন্যায় করা
Transliteration: onnay kora
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἠδίκησεν
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
ἀδικέω (ἠδίκησεν), Philemon 1:18. Paul does not deny or minimize the wrong; foundational to genuine forgiveness in this letter, which presupposes rather than denies real wrongdoing. Must not be softened or euphemized away.
Low Risk Terms
Apphia
Approved rendering: আপ্ফিয়া
Transliteration: Appiya
Doctrine: Proper Name
Ἀπφία, Philemon 1:2, addressed as ἀδελφή (sister).
Archippus
Approved rendering: আর্খিপ্পস
Transliteration: Arkhippos
Doctrine: Proper Name
Ἄρχιππος, Philemon 1:2, addressed as συστρατιώτης (fellow soldier).
Aristarchus
Approved rendering: আরিস্তার্খ
Transliteration: Aristarkho
Doctrine: Proper Name
Ἀρίσταρχος, Philemon 1:24.
Brother
Approved rendering: ভাই
Transliteration: bhai
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: ভ্রাতা (available literary alternative)
Original: ἀδελφός / ἀδελφέ
Category: Church
ἀδελφός/ἀδελφέ, Philemon 1:1 (of Timothy), 1:7, 1:20 (direct address to Philemon), and part of ‘beloved brother’ at 1:16 (of Onesimus). Recommend ভাই consistently throughout for warmth and register-fit. In teaching material, retain framing that this is covenant-family language, especially at 1:16 where it functions as doctrinal argument, not mere address.
Command
Approved rendering: আদেশ করা
Transliteration: adesh kora
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: ἐπιτάσσω
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
ἐπιτάσσω, Philemon 1:8. The very thing Paul refuses to do to Philemon; functions as the rejected alternative to ‘appeal’ in the letter’s rhetorical contrast. Preserve full force as a real, deliberately-declined option, not a rhetorical throwaway.
Demas
Approved rendering: দীমা
Transliteration: Dima
Doctrine: Proper Name
Δημᾶς, Philemon 1:24.
Effective Active
Approved rendering: কার্যকর
Transliteration: karjokor
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
Rejected alternatives: সক্রিয় (acceptable alternative)
Original: ἐνεργής
Category: Church
ἐνεργής, Philemon 1:6. The active, effective quality Paul prays Philemon’s shared faith will have.
Epaphras
Approved rendering: ইপাফ্রা
Transliteration: Ipafra
Doctrine: Proper Name
Ἐπαφρᾶς, Philemon 1:23, named among Paul’s fellow workers/prisoners in the final greetings.
Exhort
Approved rendering: উৎসাহিত করা
Transliteration: utshahito kora
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, as a LABEL only for the encourage/build-up sense of παρακαλέω. This is explicitly NOT the sense active in Philemon 1:9-10; that occurrence is the beseeching sense and MUST use the new term ‘appeal’ (বিনতি করা) instead. Applying উৎসাহিত করা to Philemon 1:9-10 would flatten the letter’s central rhetorical move (appeal chosen over command) into generic encouragement.
Fellow Soldier
Approved rendering: সহসৈনিক
Transliteration: sohosoinik
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
Original: συστρατιώτης
Category: Church
συστρατιώτης, Philemon 1:2 (of Archippus). A Pauline metaphor for shared, disciplined gospel labor under hardship, not a reference to literal warfare; a brief clarifying note is recommended given how military metaphor can be received differently across Bengali Hindu- and Muslim-majority contexts.
Fellow Worker
Approved rendering: সহকর্মী
Transliteration: sohokormi
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
Original: συνεργός
Category: Church
συνεργός, Philemon 1:1 (of Philemon) and 1:24 (of others). Standard, low-risk compound term.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: সহভাগিতা
Transliteration: shohobhagita
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: বন্ধুত্ব
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Abstract noun in Philemon 1:6 (κοινωνία τῆς πίστεως, ‘fellowship of faith’). Distinct entry from the new personal-partner noun κοινωνός in 1:17 (see new term ‘partner’) though the same root should remain visible.
Joy
Approved rendering: আনন্দ
Transliteration: anondo
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: χαρά
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
χαρά, Philemon 1:7. The joy Paul has received on account of Philemon’s love.
Lodging Hospitality
Approved rendering: থাকার ব্যবস্থা
Transliteration: thakar bebostha
Doctrine: Hospitality and Reunion
Rejected alternatives: অতিথিশালা (acceptable alternative)
Original: ξενίαν
Category: Church
ξενία, Philemon 1:22. The guest-room Paul asks Philemon to prepare, anticipating a literal future reunion. Culturally resonant with Bengali আতিথেয়তা (hospitality) conventions; low risk.
Luke
Approved rendering: লূক
Transliteration: Luk
Doctrine: Proper Name
Λουκᾶς, Philemon 1:24. Established Bengali Bible form.
Mark
Approved rendering: মার্ক
Transliteration: Mark
Doctrine: Proper Name
Μᾶρκος, Philemon 1:24. Established Bengali Bible form.
Onesimus
Approved rendering: ওনীষিম
Transliteration: Onishim
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: Ὀνήσιμος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Ὀνήσιμος, proper name meaning ‘useful/profitable,’ Philemon 1:10. Root of the wordplay carried through vv.11 (ἄχρηστος/εὔχρηστος) and v.20 (ὀναίμην). Bengali readers will not perceive this pun without an explicit footnote at each occurrence.
Owes
Approved rendering: ঋণী থাকা
Transliteration: rini thaka
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ὀφείλει
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
ὀφείλω (ὀφείλει), Philemon 1:18. Standard debt term.
Paul
Approved rendering: পৌল
Transliteration: Poul
Doctrine: Proper Name
Παῦλος. Established Bengali Christian Bible form, per the baseline’s Transliteration Standards; the letter’s author, self-identified as δέσμιος (prisoner) and συνεργός (fellow worker).
Philemon
Approved rendering: ফিলীমন
Transliteration: Filimon
Doctrine: Proper Name
Φιλήμων. New to this curriculum; standard Bengali Bible form. Wealthy believer and house-church host, the letter’s recipient.
Prayer
Approved rendering: প্রার্থনা
Transliteration: prarthona
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession before God
Original: προσευχή
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
προσευχή, Philemon 1:4 and 1:22. Frames the letter’s human intercession within ongoing prayer before ঈশ্বর; distinguish from Hindu puja ritual worship and from shrine-based pir-intercession customs in Bengali folk religion.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: স্মরণ
Transliteration: sworon
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession before God
Original: μνεία
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
μνεία, Philemon 1:4. Standard prayer-report vocabulary; Paul’s remembrance of Philemon in prayer.
Sister
Approved rendering: বোন
Transliteration: bon
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: ভগ্নী (available formal alternative)
Original: ἀδελφή
Category: Church
ἀδελφή, Philemon 1:2 (of Apphia). Recommend বোন over the more formal ভগ্নী for register consistency with ভাই.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: dhonnobad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστῶ
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Philemon 1:4.
Timothy
Approved rendering: তীমথিয়
Transliteration: Timothiyo
Doctrine: Proper Name
Τιμόθεος, Philemon 1:1. Established Bengali Bible form, consistent with wider NT usage.
Wish Desire
Approved rendering: ইচ্ছা করা
Transliteration: iccha kora
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἐβουλόμην
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
βούλομαι (ἐβουλόμην), Philemon 1:13. Standard volition verb; Paul’s stated personal desire to keep Onesimus with him.
Referenced passages