Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Amos
| # | English Term | Original (Hebrew; LXX Greek where relevant) | Transliteration | Bengali Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | LORD (YHWH, the personal covenant name) | יְהוָה (LXX: κύριος) | YHWH / Adonai | সদাপ্রভু | NEW | Critical | God’s Sovereignty over All Nations; Day of the LORD | 1-9 (throughout) | Established Bengali OT convention for the tetragrammaton, distinct from প্রভু (baseline’s fixed rendering for κύριος/Adonai as a title in NT usage). Never conflate the two forms; সদাপ্রভু is a proper name, প্রভু a title. Do not substitute আল্লাহ or ভগবান (rejected per baseline’s God/Lord conventions). |
| 2 | Lord GOD (Adonai YHWH collocation) | אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה | Adonai YHWH | প্রভু সদাপ্রভু | NEW | Critical | God’s Sovereignty over All Nations | 3:7,8; 4:2; 5:3; 6:8; 7:1-6; 8:1,3,9,11; 9:1,5,8 | Combines baseline প্রভু (for Adonai as title) with new সদাপ্রভু (for YHWH as name); a fixed, non-negotiable two-word collocation whenever this specific Hebrew phrase occurs. |
| 3 | God | אֱלֹהִים (Elohim) | Elohim | ঈশ্বর | REUSED | Critical | (all doctrines) | 2:8; 3:1-2; 4:12,13; 5:8; 8:14; 9:5-6 | Fixed exactly per baseline; never ভগবান or আল্লাহ. |
| 4 | Day of the LORD | יוֹם יְהוָה (LXX: ἡμέρα κυρίου) | yom YHWH | সদাপ্রভুর দিন | NEW | Critical | The Day of the Lord as Judgment | 5:18-20 (core passage); implicit throughout 1-2 (nation-oracles), 8:9-10, 9:1-10 | Must denote judgment, reversing the popular expectation of national vindication. Must not be conflated with Hindu cyclical cosmic-dissolution concepts (pralaya/kalpa) or Islamic qiyamah/last-day framework; both are live syncretism risks for Bengali readers. See analysis 07 v.18-20 for full treatment. |
| 5 | woe | הוֹי (hoy) | hoy | হায় | NEW | Low | Day of the LORD; Judgment on Empty Ritual | 5:18; 6:1 | Standard lament-turned-threat interjection; low ambiguity. |
| 6 | darkness / gloom | חֹשֶׁךְ (choshekh); אֹפֶל (ophel, intensified) | choshekh; ophel | অন্ধকার; ঘোর অন্ধকার | NEW | Medium | Day of the LORD | 5:18,20; 8:9 | ঘোর অন্ধকার must escalate beyond plain অন্ধকার to preserve v.20’s rhetorical intensification. |
| 7 | light / brightness | אוֹר (or); נֹגַהּ (nogah) | or; nogah | আলো; দীপ্তি | NEW | Low | Day of the LORD | 5:18,20 | Keep distinct from মহিমা (glory, baseline-reserved). |
| 8 | I hate, I despise | שָׂנֵאתִי, מָאַסְתִּי (saneti, ma’asti) | saneti; ma’asti | ঘৃণা করি; অগ্রাহ্য করি | NEW | High | Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual | 5:21 | First-person divine speech; intensity must be preserved, not softened to polite disapproval. |
| 9 | feasts / solemn assemblies | חַגֵּיכֶם; עַצְּרֹתֵיכֶם (chaggeikhem; atzeroteikhem) | chaggeikhem; atzeroteikhem | পর্ব; সভা / পবিত্র সভা | NEW | Medium | Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual | 5:21 | Neutral, established Bengali cultic-calendar vocabulary; low collision risk since text critiques Israel’s own YHWH-worship, not competing religion. |
| 10 | burnt offering | עֹלָה (olah) | olah | হোমবলি | NEW | High | Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual | 5:22 | COLLISION RISK: হোম-root shared with Hindu Vedic fire sacrifice (হোমযজ্ঞ). Retain as established Bengali Bible term but require standing translator note distinguishing Mosaic sacrifice from Vedic homa, parallel to the baseline’s treatment of ঈশ্বর’s Vedantic root. |
| 11 | grain/meal offering | מִנְחָה (minchah) | minchah | নৈবেদ্য | NEW | High | Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual | 5:22 | COLLISION RISK — HIGHER than #10: নৈবেদ্য is everyday Bengali vocabulary for a Hindu puja food-offering, not only a specialist ritual term. Requires explicit disambiguating note wherever doctrinally load-bearing. |
| 12 | peace/fellowship offering | שְׁלָמִים (shelamim) | shelamim | মঙ্গলার্থক বলি | NEW | Medium | Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual | 5:22 | Established sacrificial-category term; moderate risk of being misread as a generic goodwill gift. |
| 13 | noise (of songs) | הָמוֹן (hamon) | hamon | কলরব / গোলমাল | NEW | High | Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual | 5:23 | Must preserve God’s deliberate demotion of worship music to mere “noise”; a neutral term for “sound” blunts the insult. |
| 14 | harp/lute | נֶבֶל (nevel) | nevel | তারযুক্ত বাদ্যযন্ত্র | NEW | Medium | Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual | 5:23 | Avoid বীণা (Saraswati-associated classical instrument term). |
| 15 | justice | מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat) | mishpat | ন্যায়বিচার | NEW | High | Social Justice and Care for the Poor | 5:15,24; throughout | Distinct from ন্যায় alone (reserved in baseline as a rejected alternative to ধার্মিকতা); ন্যায়বিচার carries the concrete legal/social-structural force. Never ধর্ম. |
| 16 | righteousness | צְדָקָה (tsedaqah; cf. NT δικαιοσύνη) | tsedaqah | ধার্মিকতা | REUSED | Critical | Social Justice and Care for the Poor | 5:24 | Fixed exactly per baseline. REQUIRED NOTE: here carries the OT ethical-social sense (righteous conduct toward the vulnerable), not the NT forensic-declarative sense fixed for Romans; both senses share the same Bengali term by design, but Phase 2 review must confirm the distinction is taught, not merged, in surrounding catechetical material. |
| 17 | ever-flowing stream | נַחַל אֵיתָן (nachal eitan) | nachal eitan | অবিরাম প্রবাহিত স্রোত | NEW | Medium | Social Justice and Care for the Poor | 5:24 | Must convey perpetual/never-drying force against the region’s seasonal-wadi backdrop; a footnote on the wadi contrast is recommended for study material. |
| 18 | poor / needy | דַּל (dal); אֶבְיוֹן (evyon) | dal; evyon | দরিদ্র; দীন | NEW | High | Social Justice and Care for the Poor | 2:6-7; 4:1; 5:11-12; 8:4,6 | Fixed term-pair for consistent use throughout the book; foundational vocabulary for the doctrine. |
| 19 | trample / oppress | שָׁאַף (sha’af, “trample/pant after”); עָשַׁק (ashaq, “oppress”) | sha’af; ashaq | পিষে ফেলা; অত্যাচার করা | NEW | High | Social Justice and Care for the Poor | 2:7; 4:1; 5:11; 8:4 | Must preserve concrete, violent economic-exploitation force, not soften to general “unkindness.” |
| 20 | transgression(s) | פֶּשַׁע (pesha) | pesha | অপরাধ / বিদ্রোহ | NEW | High | God’s Sovereignty over All Nations | 1:3-2:16 (oracle refrain) | Distinct from পাপ (baseline’s fixed term for the general moral-sin category); pesha’s covenant-rebellion nuance is better carried by অপরাধ/বিদ্রোহ. Requires note on the “three…and four” idiom (full/overflowing guilt, not a literal count). |
| 21 | sin | חַטָּאָה (chata’ah) | chata’ah | পাপ | REUSED | High | Universal accountability (cross-reference to Romans doctrine) | 2:16; 5:12; 9:8,10 | Fixed exactly per baseline for the general moral-transgression category, distinct from #20’s covenant-rebellion pesha. |
| 22 | ”Thus says the LORD” | כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה (LXX: τάδε λέγει κύριος) | koh amar YHWH | সদাপ্রভু এই কথা বলেন | NEW | Critical | God’s Sovereignty over All Nations | throughout (oracle formula) | First occurrence establishes সদাপ্রভু; formula recurs dozens of times and must remain verbatim-consistent. |
| 23 | fire (judgment) | אֵש (esh) | esh | আগুন | NEW | Medium | God’s Sovereignty over All Nations | 1:4,7,10,12,14; 2:2,5; 7:4 | Judicial/destructive, not metaphorical inner turmoil. |
| 24 | election / “you only have I known” | יָדַע (yada, covenant-intimacy sense) | yada | মনোনীত করা (verb); cf. baseline noun ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন | REUSED (adapted) | High | Effectual/Divine Calling (cross-reference to Romans doctrine) | 3:2 | Verb form built on baseline’s fixed election-doctrine vocabulary; must convey covenant-intimacy, not bare cognitive knowledge; election increases accountability here, not exemption. |
| 25 | prophet / prophesy | נָבִיא (navi) / נִבָּא (niba) | navi / niba | ভাববাদী / ভাববাণী করা | REUSED | Low/Medium | (supporting; ties to Fulfillment of Prophecy doctrine) | 2:11-12; 3:7-8; 7:12-16 | Fixed exactly per baseline; never জ্যোতিষী. |
| 26 | Bethel, Gilgal | בֵּית־אֵל, הַגִּלְגָּל | Beit-El, HaGilgal | বেথেল, গিল্গল | NEW | High | Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual | 4:4; 5:5; 7:10-13 | Proper names carrying theological freight (illegitimate rival worship centers); require a first-occurrence translator note explaining apostate cultic status, not neutral geography. |
| 27 | covenant curses (famine, drought, blight, locust, plague) | רָעָב, בַּצָּרָה, שִׁדָּפוֹן, אַרְבֶּה, דֶּבֶר | ra’av, batsarah, shidafon, arbeh, dever | দুর্ভিক্ষ, খরা, ফসলের রোগ, পঙ্গপাল, মহামারী | NEW | High | God’s Sovereignty over All Nations; Day of the LORD | 4:6-11; 7:1-3 | Must retain covenant-lawsuit framing (YHWH personally, purposively causing each disaster) rather than impersonal fate; parallel to baseline’s ভাগ্য/নিয়তি prohibition for providence. |
| 28 | ”return” (repentance) | שׁוּב (shuv) | shuv | ফিরে আসা | NEW | High | Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual; Day of the LORD | 4:6,8,9,10,11 | Refrain repeated 5x; Bengali rendering must stay verbatim-consistent across all five occurrences for rhetorical effect. |
| 29 | ”prepare to meet your God” | הִכּוֹן לִקְרַאת־אֱלֹהֶיךָ | hikon liqrat Eloheikha | তোমার ঈশ্বরের সাক্ষাতের জন্য প্রস্তুত হও | NEW | Critical | The Day of the Lord as Judgment | 4:12 | Judicial, forced confrontation — must not read as a hopeful/devotional “meeting God” idiom. |
| 30 | ”seek the LORD and live” | דִּרְשׁוּ אֶת־יְהוָה וִחְיוּ | dirshu et-YHWH v’chyu | সদাপ্রভুর অন্বেষণ কর, তবে জীবিত থাকবে | NEW | High | Social Justice and Care for the Poor (as covenant-relational alternative to empty ritual) | 5:4,6 | Relational covenant-seeking, not ritual/oracular divination-inquiry — a live distinction given Bengali folk-religious consultation practices. |
| 31 | justice at the gate | מִשְׁפָּט בַּשַּׁעַר | mishpat bashaar | দুয়ারে ন্যায়বিচার | NEW | High | Social Justice and Care for the Poor | 5:10,12,15 | Concrete civic/judicial institution; reinforces structural (not merely attitudinal) justice. |
| 32 | pride / complacent ease | גָּאוֹן (ga’on); שַׁאֲנָן (sha’anan) | ga’on; sha’anan | গর্ব; স্বস্তি/নিশ্চিন্ততা | NEW | High | Social Justice and Care for the Poor | 6:1,8 | Condemned specifically as security purchased by unconcern for the vulnerable, not comfort per se. |
| 33 | ”ruin of Joseph” | שֵׁבֶר יוֹסֵף | shever Yosef | যোষেফের সর্বনাশ | NEW | High | Social Justice and Care for the Poor | 6:6 | ”Joseph” = Northern Kingdom; direct social-justice indictment of leadership’s unconcern. |
| 34 | plumb line | אֲנָךְ (anakh) | anakh | ওলন-দড়ি | NEW | High | The Day of the Lord as Judgment | 7:7-8 | Precise measuring-tool image (God’s exact, non-negotiable standard); avoid a generic “rope/string” gloss. Requires first-occurrence explanatory note. |
| 35 | locusts | גֹּבַי (gobai); אַרְבֶּה (arbeh, ch.4/7) | gobai; arbeh | পঙ্গপাল | NEW | Medium | Day of the LORD; covenant curses | 4:9; 7:1 | Reinforces plague-imagery vocabulary established in ch.4. |
| 36 | herdsman / dresser of sycamore figs | בּוֹקֵר (boqer); בּוֹלֵס שִׁקְמִים (boles shiqmim) | boqer; boles shiqmim | পশুপালক; ডুমুরগাছের পরিচর্যাকারী | NEW | Medium | Divine Calling (cross-reference to Romans doctrine) | 7:14 | Establishes prophetic authority as direct divine call rather than institutional/cultic office; useful cross-book bridge to আহুত/আহ্বান. |
| 37 | sanctuary (Bethel royal shrine) | מִקְדָּש (miqdash) | miqdash | পবিত্রস্থান | NEW | Medium | Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual | 7:13 | Illegitimate royal cult site; should not be confused with a generic/legitimate “holy place.” |
| 38 | basket of summer fruit / “the end” (wordplay) | כְּלוּב קָיִץ / קֵץ (kelub qayits / qets) | kelub qayits / qets | গ্রীষ্মকালীন ফলের ঝুড়ি / “শেষ” | NEW | High | The Day of the Lord as Judgment | 8:1-2 | Hebrew homonym wordplay (qayits/qets) untranslatable; requires explanatory translator/study note, not an attempted Bengali pun. |
| 39 | corrupt trade (buy poor for silver, sell chaff wheat) | לִקְנוֹת בְּכֶסֶף דַּלִּים; מַפַּל בַּר | liqnot b’khesef dallim; mapal bar | দীনদের রূপার বিনিময়ে ক্রয় করা; খারাপ শস্য বিক্রি করা | NEW | High | Social Justice and Care for the Poor | 8:4-6 | Most concrete, itemized economic-exploitation indictment in the book (corrupt weights, debt-bondage, adulterated goods); must not be generalized away. |
| 40 | Sabbath, New Moon | שַׁבָּת; חֹדֶש | shabbat; chodesh | বিশ্রামবার; অমাবস্যা | NEW | Medium | Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual | 8:5 | Merchants resent religious observance only as an interruption to profitable cheating — an ironic inversion of ch.5’s ritual critique. |
| 41 | famine of hearing the words of the LORD | רָעָב…לִשְׁמֹעַ אֶת־דִּבְרֵי יְהוָה | ra’av lishmoa et-divrei YHWH | সদাপ্রভুর বচন শ্রবণের দুর্ভিক্ষ | NEW | Critical | The Day of the Lord as Judgment | 8:11-12 | Judgment as divine revelatory withdrawal, not only material disaster — the terminal stage of the book’s judgment arc; must not be flattened to “no news will be heard.” |
| 42 | altar | מִזְבֵּח (mizbeach) | mizbeach | যজ্ঞবেদি / বেদি | NEW | High | God’s Sovereignty over All Nations; Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual | 9:1 | COLLISION RISK: যজ্ঞ-root borders on Hindu Vedic sacrificial-platform vocabulary; requires standing disambiguating note, parallel to #10’s হোমবলি risk. |
| 43 | ”not one shall escape” | לֹא־יָנוּס…וְלֹא־יִמָּלֵט | lo-yanus, v’lo-yimalet | কেউই পলায়ন করতে পারবে না | NEW | High | The Day of the Lord as Judgment | 9:1-4 | Total inescapability; ties back to 5:19’s lion/bear/serpent chain. |
| 44 | tent/booth of David (fallen) | סֻכַּת דָּוִיד הַנֹּפֶלֶת (LXX: ἡ σκηνὴ Δαυὶδ ἡ πεπτωκυῖα — quoted Acts 15:16) | sukkat David hanofelet | দায়ূদের পতিত তাঁবু | NEW | Critical | The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope) | 9:11 | দায়ূদ reused exactly per baseline. তাঁবু (humble booth/shelter image) must be preserved — neither softened to a generic “house/dynasty” nor inflated to a grand palace, since the fallen/restored contrast is the doctrine’s core. Direct LXX linkage to Acts 15:16-17’s Gentile-inclusion argument; cross-reference the baseline’s Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine in Step 2 doctrine analysis. |
| 45 | raise up / repair breaches / rebuild | אָקִים; גָדַרְתִּי אֶת־פִּרְצֵיהֶן; בְּנִיתִיהָ | aqim; gadarti et-pirtseihen; vanitiha | পুনঃস্থাপন করব; ভাঙা অংশ মেরামত করব; পুনর্নির্মাণ করব | NEW | High | The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent | 9:11 | First-person, YHWH-as-sole-subject restoration language; must read as divine initiative, not a human/political nationalist restoration project — important pastoral distinction in a South Asian religious-nationalist context. |
| 46 | possess the remnant of Edom | יִירְשׁוּ אֶת־שְׁאֵרִית אֱדוֹם | yirshu et-she’erit Edom | ইদোমের অবশিষ্ট অংশ অধিকার করবে | NEW | Medium | The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent | 9:12 | LXX renders differently (ἐκζητήσωσιν, “seek,” rather than Hebrew’s “possess” — the textual basis for Acts 15:17’s Gentile-seeking argument); flag this Hebrew/LXX divergence explicitly for theologian review as it affects the doctrine’s Gentile-inclusion reading. |
| 47 | plant, never again uprooted | וְנְטַעְתִּים…וְלֹא יִנָּתְשׁוּ עוֹד | v’netatim, v’lo yinatshu od | রোপণ করব…আর কখনও উৎপাটিত হবে না | NEW | High | The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent | 9:15 | Climactic, emphatic reversal of every covenant-curse threat since ch.1; “never again” finality must not be softened to an open-ended hopeful future tense. |
| 48 | Israel | יִשְׂרָאֵל | Yisra’el | ইস্রায়েল | REUSED | Medium | (multiple) | throughout | Fixed exactly per baseline. |
| 49 | David | דָּוִד / דָּוִיד | David | দায়ূদ | REUSED | High | The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent | 9:11 | Fixed exactly per baseline. |
| 50 | covenant | (implicit throughout; no single fixed Hebrew term in Amos, but the covenant-lawsuit form governs the whole book) | — | নিয়ম | REUSED | High | God’s Sovereignty over All Nations; Davidic Covenant background | throughout | Fixed exactly per baseline; relevant wherever study material makes the covenant-lawsuit genre explicit. |
Risk Tier Summary
| Tier | Count | Review Routing (per baseline convention) |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 9 | Human theologian |
| High | 24 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 14 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 3 | Automated review |
Terms Requiring Mandatory Translator Notes (Highest-Priority Flags for Phase 2)
- সদাপ্রভু vs. প্রভু — distinct YHWH/Adonai forms, never interchanged.
- হোমবলি, নৈবেদ্য, যজ্ঞবেদি/বেদি — three separate Hindu-sacrificial-vocabulary collision points (homa, puja-offering, yajna-platform respectively), each requiring a standing disambiguating note.
- বেথেল, গিল্গল — apostate cult-site names, not neutral geography.
- ওলন-দড়ি (plumb line) and গ্রীষ্মকালীন ফলের ঝুড়ি/“শেষ” (summer-fruit/end wordplay) — technical/literary devices needing explanatory notes to survive translation.
- দায়ূদের পতিত তাঁবু — the Messianic-hope anchor term, with its LXX/Acts 15 cross-reference and Hebrew/LXX textual divergence at 9:12 flagged for theologian-level review.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: אֱלֹהִים (Elohim)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. ঈশ্বর is the settled Bengali Christian standard; never ভগবান (Hindu bhakti devotional address) or আল্লাহ (Islamic-idiom). In Amos, renders אֱלֹהִים (Elohim) throughout (e.g. 3:1-2; 4:12-13; 5:8; 9:5-6), distinct from the covenant proper name YHWH (rendered সদাপ্রভু, a new Amos-specific term — see lord_yhwh below).
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Inherited from Romans package. In Amos, প্রভু renders אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) as a TITLE only, never the covenant proper name YHWH. Must never be substituted for, or interchanged with, the new Amos-specific term সদাপ্রভু (YHWH-as-name). The two-word collocation প্রভু সদাপ্রভু (Adonai YHWH) is a new fixed compound built on this baseline term — see lord_god_adonai_yhwh below.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ধার্মিকতা
Transliteration: dharmikota
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, পুণ্য, ন্যায়
Original: צְדָקָה (tsedaqah; cf. NT δικαιοσύνη)
Category: Social Justice
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL — NEVER ধর্ম. REQUIRED AMOS-SPECIFIC NOTE: in Amos 5:24 (and throughout the book), ধার্মিকতা renders צְדָקָה (tsedaqah) in its Old Testament ETHICAL-SOCIAL sense — righteous, just conduct lived out toward the vulnerable, paired with מִשְׁפָּט/mishpat (ন্যায়বিচার, a new Amos-specific term) as a hendiadys — rather than the New Testament forensic ‘declared righteous by faith’ sense fixed for the Romans package. The same Bengali word intentionally carries both senses; Phase 2 review must confirm this distinction is taught, not silently merged, in surrounding catechetical material.
Salvation
Approved rendering: পরিত্রাণ
Transliteration: poritran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত
Inherited from Romans package. Not a primary Amos vocabulary item, but must remain available and consistent wherever Amos’s restoration/hope material (ch. 9) is connected forward to New Testament salvation-doctrine teaching in curriculum materials.
Lord Yhwh
Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভু
Transliteration: Sodaproveu
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations; The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: আল্লাহ, ভগবান, প্রভু (as a substitute for the proper covenant name)
Original: יְהוָה (LXX: κύριος)
Category: God
NEW for Amos. Renders יְהוָה (YHWH), the personal covenant name of God, established Bengali Old Testament convention distinct from প্রভু (baseline’s fixed rendering for the title Adonai/kyrios). Must NEVER be conflated with প্রভু — সদাপ্রভু is a proper name, প্রভু a title. First occurrence anchors the term for the entire book (Amos 1:2-3) and it recurs throughout chs. 1-9.
Lord God Adonai Yhwh
Approved rendering: প্রভু সদাপ্রভু
Transliteration: Provu Sodaproveu
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Original: אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה
Category: God
NEW for Amos. Fixed two-word collocation for אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה (Adonai YHWH), combining the baseline’s প্রভু (title) with the new সদাপ্রভু (name). Non-negotiable word order wherever this specific Hebrew phrase occurs (3:7-8; 4:2; 5:3; 6:8; 7:1-6; 8:1,3,9,11; 9:1,5,8).
Thus Says The Lord
Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভু এই কথা বলেন
Transliteration: Sodaproveu ei kotha bôlen
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Rejected alternatives: সদাপ্রভু বলছেন (informal present-progressive, loses formal messenger-formula weight)
Original: כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה (LXX: τάδε λέγει κύριος)
Category: Sovereignty
NEW for Amos. Prophetic messenger-formula (כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה) introducing every oracle against the nations and against Israel; recurs dozens of times (chs. 1-2 and throughout). Must remain verbatim-consistent, since blurring it with a generic honorific formula weakens the claim that one specific, named God holds moral jurisdiction over every nation addressed.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভুর দিন
Transliteration: Sodaproveur din
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: কিয়ামতের দিন (Islamic qiyamah-idiom), প্রলয়/কল্প-ভিত্তিক দিন (Hindu cyclical pralaya/kalpa framing)
Original: יוֹם יְהוָה (LXX: ἡμέρα κυρίου)
Category: Judgment
NEW for Amos. Core doctrine anchor term (Amos 5:18-20; implicit 4:12, 8:9-10, 9:1-10). Must convey a specific, historically-anchored, one-time covenant-lawsuit judgment reversing Israel’s expectation of national vindication — NEVER absorbed into Hindu cyclical cosmic-dissolution frameworks (pralaya/kalpa) or the Islamic qiyamah/last-day framework (individually-weighed deeds, universal resurrection). Both are live syncretism risks for Bengali readers from either dominant tradition.
Prepare To Meet God
Approved rendering: তোমার ঈশ্বরের সাক্ষাতের জন্য প্রস্তুত হও
Transliteration: tomar Ishshorer shakkhater jonyo prostuto hô
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বরের সাথে সাক্ষাতের জন্য প্রস্তুত হও (softer devotional/hopeful tone)
Original: הִכּוֹן לִקְרַאת־אֱלֹהֶיךָ (hikon liqrat-Eloheikha)
Category: Judgment
NEW for Amos. Renders הִכּוֹן לִקְרַאת־אֱלֹהֶיךָ (Amos 4:12), the climactic verse of chapter 4. Must convey a forced, inescapable, judicial confrontation, not a devotional or hopeful ‘meeting God’ idiom — the natural default reading of a formulaic Bengali phrase.
Famine Of Hearing
Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভুর বচন শ্রবণের দুর্ভিক্ষ
Transliteration: Sodaproveur bôchon shrobôner durbhikkho
Doctrine: Famine of Hearing the Word of the LORD (Divine Withdrawal)
Rejected alternatives: কোনো খবর না পাওয়া (flattened to a merely informational claim)
Original: רָעָב…לִשְׁמֹעַ אֶת־דִּבְרֵי יְהוָה
Category: Judgment
NEW for Amos. Renders רָעָב…לִשְׁמֹעַ אֶת־דִּבְרֵי יְהוָה (Amos 8:11-12), the book’s terminal judgment image — God’s own withdrawal of revelation. Must not be flattened to ‘no news will be heard’; the doctrine’s force is covenantal abandonment, the God who has spoken throughout the whole book falling permanently silent.
Tent Of David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদের পতিত তাঁবু
Transliteration: Dayuder pôtito taambu
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Rejected alternatives: দায়ূদের রাজবংশ/প্রাসাদ (grand palace/dynasty image, loses the humble fallen-shelter contrast), দায়ূদের বাড়ি (generic ‘house’)
Original: סֻכַּת דָּוִיד הַנֹּפֶלֶת (LXX: ἡ σκηνὴ Δαυὶδ ἡ πεπτωκυῖα — quoted Acts 15:16)
Category: Messianic Hope
NEW for Amos. Renders סֻכַּת דָּוִיד הַנֹּפֶלֶת (LXX: ἡ σκηνὴ Δαυὶδ ἡ πεπτωκυῖα, quoted Acts 15:16), Amos 9:11. দায়ূদ reused exactly from the baseline. তাঁবু must be neither softened into a generic ‘house/dynasty’ nor inflated into a grand palace image — the fallen/restored contrast is the doctrine’s core. Direct LXX linkage to Acts 15:16-17’s Gentile-inclusion argument; cross-references the Romans baseline’s Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine.
High Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদ
Transliteration: Dayud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִד / דָּוִיד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Medium; elevated to High for this curriculum given Amos 9:11’s messianic load). Reused exactly for the collapsed royal house described in Amos 9:11 as a ‘fallen tent’ (দায়ূদের পতিত তাঁবু — new Amos-specific compound term, see tent_of_david below).
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Original: חַטָּאָה (chata’ah)
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. In Amos, reserved for the general moral-transgression category חַטָּאָה (chata’ah; 2:16; 5:12; 9:8,10), kept DISTINCT from the new Amos-specific covenant-rebellion term אֶatransgression (পেশা/pesha), rendered অপরাধ/বিদ্রোহ — never collapse the two into a single Bengali word (see transgression below).
Election
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন
Transliteration: Ishshorer monownoyon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি, কর্মফল
Inherited from Romans package. In Amos 3:1-2 this noun-concept underlies the new verb-form entry election_yada (মনোনীত করা — see below), which renders יָדַע (yada) in its covenant-intimacy sense. Amos 3:2 uses election to establish HEIGHTENED ACCOUNTABILITY, not exemption — a corrective against any prosperity- or privilege-reading.
Covenant
Approved rendering: নিয়ম
Transliteration: niyom
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি, অঙ্গীকার
Original: (implicit; the covenant-lawsuit genre governs the whole book)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. No single fixed Hebrew term in Amos, but the covenant-lawsuit genre governs the entire book; relevant wherever study material makes this genre explicit, and directly relevant to the Davidic covenant background of Amos 9:11.
Holy
Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Inherited from Romans package. Used as a qualifier within the new Amos-specific compound term সভা/পবিত্র সভা (feasts_assemblies, see below) and the illegitimate-shrine term পবিত্রস্থান (sanctuary_bethel, see below) — in the latter case, the qualifier must be read alongside a note flagging the shrine’s illegitimacy, not as an endorsement of its holiness.
Hate Despise
Approved rendering: ঘৃণা করা / অগ্রাহ্য করা
Transliteration: ghrina kora / ograhyo kora
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: অপছন্দ করা, সন্তুষ্ট না হওয়া (too polite/mild)
Original: שָׂנֵאתִי, מָאַסְתִּי (saneti, ma’asti)
Category: Worship/Ritual
NEW for Amos. Renders the first-person doubled divine rejection formula שָׂנֵאתִי / מָאַסְתִּי (saneti/ma’asti, Amos 5:21). Must preserve full divine-speech intensity — this is God’s own verdict on ritual disconnected from justice, not polite disapproval. The doubled-verb structure must not be flattened into a single milder Bengali verb.
Burnt Offering
Approved rendering: হোমবলি
Transliteration: hombali
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: অগ্নি-নৈবেদ্য (unnatural coinage)
Original: עֹלָה (olah)
Category: Worship/Ritual
NEW for Amos. Renders עֹלָה (olah, Amos 5:22). ESTABLISHED Bengali Bible term retained despite COLLISION RISK: the হোম root is shared with Hindu Vedic fire sacrifice (হোমযজ্ঞ). Requires a STANDING translator note distinguishing the Mosaic sacrificial system from Vedic homa, parallel to the baseline’s handling of ঈশ্বর’s Vedantic root.
Grain Offering
Approved rendering: নৈবেদ্য
Transliteration: noibeddo
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: ভক্ষ্য-নৈবেদ্য (alternate compound, less standard)
Original: מִנְחָה (minchah)
Category: Worship/Ritual
NEW for Amos. Renders מִנְחָה (minchah, Amos 5:22). HIGHEST COLLISION RISK IN THE BOOK: নৈবেদ্য is everyday, non-specialist Bengali vocabulary for the food-offering placed before a Hindu deity in পূজা (puja) — the default inference (‘an offering that pleases a deity when correctly presented’) is the exact OPPOSITE of Amos 5:22’s point (correctly-presented offerings actively rejected). Requires an explicit, STANDING disambiguating note at every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence.
Noise Songs
Approved rendering: কলরব / গোলমাল
Transliteration: kolorobo / golmal
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: শব্দ (neutral ‘sound’, blunts the insult)
Original: הָמוֹן (hamon)
Category: Worship/Ritual
NEW for Amos. Renders הָמוֹן (hamon, Amos 5:23), God’s deliberate demotion of Israel’s temple music to mere ‘noise.’ A neutral Bengali term for ‘sound’ would blunt the force of God’s rejection.
Justice
Approved rendering: ন্যায়বিচার
Transliteration: nyay-bichar
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Rejected alternatives: ন্যায় (bare form, already rejected in baseline as alternative to ধার্মিকতা), ধর্ম (forbidden)
Original: מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat)
Category: Social Justice
NEW for Amos. Renders מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat), the book’s central social-ethical demand (5:15,24; throughout). Must carry concrete legal/social-structural force — protection of widows, orphans, the poor, the indebted — not collapse into vague fairness or private morality. Consistently pair with concrete civic nouns (দুয়ার/আদালত) per analysis 06.
Poor Needy
Approved rendering: দরিদ্র / দীন
Transliteration: dorিদro / din
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: דַּל (dal); אֶבְיוֹן (evyon)
Category: Social Justice
NEW for Amos. Fixed term-pair for דַּל (dal) / אֶבְיוֹן (evyon), foundational vocabulary throughout the book (2:6-7; 4:1; 5:11-12; 8:4,6). Must not be varied stylistically across chapters.
Trample Oppress
Approved rendering: পিষে ফেলা / অত্যাচার করা
Transliteration: pishe fela / otyachar kora
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Rejected alternatives: অসদয় হওয়া (too mild, ‘be unkind’)
Original: שָׁאַף (sha’af, “trample/pant after”); עָשַׁק (ashaq, “oppress”)
Category: Social Justice
NEW for Amos. Renders שָׁאַף (sha’af) / עָשַׁק (ashaq), Amos 2:7; 4:1; 5:11; 8:4. Must preserve concrete, violent economic-exploitation force, not soften to general unkindness.
Transgression
Approved rendering: অপরাধ / বিদ্রোহ
Transliteration: oporadh / bidroho
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Rejected alternatives: পাপ (too generic, loses covenant-rebellion nuance)
Original: פֶּשַׁע (pesha); idiom “עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה…וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָה”
Category: Sovereignty
NEW for Amos. Renders פֶּשַׁע (pesha), the nation-oracle refrain ‘for three transgressions…and for four’ (1:3-2:16). Distinct from পাপ (baseline’s fixed term for general moral sin, chata’ah). Requires a translator note explaining the ‘three…and four’ idiom as a full/overflowing measure of guilt, not a literal count.
Election Yada
Approved rendering: মনোনীত করা
Transliteration: monônito kora
Doctrine: Election and Covenant Accountability
Rejected alternatives: শুধু জানা (mere cognitive ‘knowing’)
Original: יָדַע (yada, covenant-intimacy sense); “אֶתְכֶם יָדַעְתִּי”
Category: Calling
NEW for Amos (verb form built on the inherited baseline noun ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন). Renders יָדַע (yada) in its covenant-intimacy sense, ‘you only have I known’ (Amos 3:2, אֶתְכֶם יָדַעְתִּי). Must convey covenant-intimacy election, not bare factual awareness; a companion note is required clarifying that election increases accountability (3:2b), not exemption — a corrective against prosperity- or privilege-reading.
Bethel Gilgal
Approved rendering: বেথেল / গিল্গল
Transliteration: Bethel / Gilgal
Doctrine: Apostate Worship and Illegitimate Cult Sites
Original: בֵּית־אֵל, הַגִּלְגָּל
Category: Worship/Ritual
NEW for Amos. Rival, apostate cultic sites in the Northern Kingdom (4:4; 5:5; 7:10-13) — theologically illegitimate, NOT neutral geography. Requires a first-occurrence (and recurring) translator/study note explaining apostate cultic status; without it, Bengali readers may read these as merely alternate, equally valid worship locations, a misreading reinforced by Bengal’s own religious landscape of multiple legitimate shrine sites within a single tradition.
Covenant Curses
Approved rendering: দুর্ভিক্ষ / খরা / ফসলের রোগ / পঙ্গপাল / মহামারী
Transliteration: durbhikkho / khôra / foshôler rog / pongopal / môhamari
Doctrine: Covenant Curses as Divine Discipline
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি
Original: רָעָב, בַּצָּרָה/חֹרֶב, שִׁדָּפוֹן, אַרְבֶּה, דֶּבֶר
Category: Sovereignty
NEW for Amos. Renders the Deuteronomy 28 covenant-curse catalogue (רָעָב, בַּצָּרָה/חֹרֶב, שִׁדָּפוֹן, אַרְבֶּה, דֶּבֶר; Amos 4:6-11; 7:1-3). Must retain the covenant-lawsuit framing of YHWH personally, purposively causing each disaster (‘I sent…I struck…’) — NEVER ভাগ্য/নিয়তি (fate), already forbidden per the baseline’s providence entry, and an equally live risk here given karma-consequence readings common in Bengal.
Return Repentance
Approved rendering: ফিরে আসা
Transliteration: fire asha
Doctrine: Covenant Curses as Divine Discipline
Rejected alternatives: পরিবর্তন করা (generic ‘change’, loses covenant-return sense)
Original: שׁוּב (shuv); “וְלֹא־שַׁבְתֶּם עָדַי”
Category: Judgment
NEW for Amos. Renders שׁוּב (shuv), the fivefold refrain ‘yet you did not return to me’ (Amos 4:6,8,9,10,11). Must remain VERBATIM-CONSISTENT across all five occurrences for the rhetorical hammer-blow effect; do not vary stylistically.
Seek The Lord And Live
Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভুর অন্বেষণ কর, তবে জীবিত থাকবে
Transliteration: Sodaproveur onneshon kôro, tôbe jibito thakbe
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Rejected alternatives: গণনা/জ্যোতিষ অন্বেষণ (divination-inquiry reading)
Original: דִּרְשׁוּ אֶת־יְהוָה וִחְיוּ (dirshu et-YHWH v’chyu)
Category: Judgment
NEW for Amos. Renders דִּרְשׁוּ אֶת־יְהוָה וִחְיוּ (Amos 5:4,6). Must not be read as ritual divination-inquiry (a live concern given Bengali folk-religious consultation practices); this is relational covenant-seeking of YHWH himself, with life-or-death consequence.
Justice At The Gate
Approved rendering: দুয়ারে ন্যায়বিচার
Transliteration: duyare nyay-bichar
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: מִשְׁפָּט בַּשַּׁעַר (hattu bashaar mishpat, negated)
Category: Social Justice
NEW for Amos. Renders מִשְׁפָּט בַּשַּׁעַר (Amos 5:10,12,15), reusing ন্যায়বিচার fixed at 5:24. Reinforces that this is structural/legal justice administered at a specific civic institution (the town gate), not merely an inward attitude.
Pride Complacent Ease
Approved rendering: গর্ব / স্বস্তি (নিশ্চিন্ততা)
Transliteration: gôrbo / shosti (nishchinôta)
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Rejected alternatives: সাধারণ সুখ-স্বাচ্ছন্দ্য (general comfort, without unconcern-for-poor nuance)
Original: גָּאוֹן (ga’on); שַׁאֲנָן (sha’anan)
Category: Social Justice
NEW for Amos. Renders גָּאוֹן (ga’on) / שַׁאֲנָן (sha’anan), Amos 6:1,8. Must not read as a general critique of comfort or prosperity as such; the condemnation is specifically security purchased by unconcern for the vulnerable (6:6).
Ruin Of Joseph
Approved rendering: যোষেফের সর্বনাশ
Transliteration: Joshepher shorbonash
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: שֵׁבֶר יוֹסֵף (shever Yosef)
Category: Social Justice
NEW for Amos. Renders שֵׁבֶר יוֹסֵף (shever Yosef, Amos 6:6). ‘Joseph’ = the Northern Kingdom (descended from Ephraim/Manasseh); a direct social-justice indictment of leadership’s luxury coexisting with unconcern for national/social ruin. Clarify the proper-name referent in study notes.
Plumb Line
Approved rendering: ওলন-দড়ি
Transliteration: olon-dôri
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: দড়ি/রশি (generic rope/string)
Original: אֲנָךְ (anakh)
Category: Judgment
NEW for Amos. Renders אֲנָךְ (anakh, Amos 7:7-8). Must be a precise, technical measuring-tool image (God’s exact, non-negotiable standard), structurally parallel to the ন্যায়বিচার/ধার্মিকতা standard of 5:24. Requires a first-occurrence explanatory note on the construction technique.
Summer Fruit Wordplay
Approved rendering: গ্রীষ্মকালীন ফলের ঝুড়ি / “শেষ”
Transliteration: grishmokalin foler jhuri / “shesh”
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: কোনো বাংলা ধ্বনি-সাদৃশ্য তৈরি করার চেষ্টা (an attempted Bengali pun)
Original: כְּלוּב קָיִץ (kelub qayits) / קֵץ (qets)
Category: Judgment
NEW for Amos. Renders the untranslatable Hebrew near-homonym pun כְּלוּב קָיִץ (kelub qayits, ‘basket of summer fruit’) / קֵץ (qets, ‘the end’), Amos 8:1-2. Requires an explanatory translator/study note rather than an attempted Bengali pun.
Corrupt Trade
Approved rendering: দীনদের রূপার বিনিময়ে ক্রয় করা / খারাপ শস্য বিক্রি করা
Transliteration: dinder rupar binimoye kroy kora / kharap shoshsho bikri kora
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Rejected alternatives: সাধারণ ‘দরিদ্রদের প্রতি অসদয়তা’ (vague ‘unkindness to the poor’)
Original: לִקְנוֹת בְּכֶסֶף דַּלִּים; מַפַּל בַּר נַשְׁבִּיר
Category: Social Justice
NEW for Amos. Renders the book’s most itemized economic-exploitation indictment (Amos 8:4-6): corrupt weights and measures, debt-bondage, adulterated grain sales. Must preserve specific commercial-exploitation detail rather than generalizing.
Altar
Approved rendering: যজ্ঞবেদি / বেদি
Transliteration: yôjnobedi / bedi
Doctrine: Apostate Worship and Illegitimate Cult Sites
Original: מִזְבֵּח (mizbeach)
Category: Worship/Ritual
NEW for Amos. Renders מִזְבֵּח (mizbeach, Amos 9:1), the illegitimate altar at Bethel made the starting point of judgment. COLLISION RISK: যজ্ঞ-rooted vocabulary borders on Vedic sacrificial-platform terminology; requires a standing translator note distinguishing the Mosaic/Israelite altar from a Hindu যজ্ঞবেদি (Vedic sacrificial platform), parallel to burnt_offering’s হোম-root risk.
Not One Shall Escape
Approved rendering: কেউই পলায়ন করতে পারবে না
Transliteration: keui pôlayôn kôrte parbe na
Doctrine: Inescapability of Divine Judgment
Rejected alternatives: পলায়নের সম্ভাবনা রাখা কোনো বর্ণনা (any wording implying a survivable escape)
Original: לֹא־יָנוּס…וְלֹא־יִמָּלֵט (lo-yanus… v’lo-yimalet)
Category: Judgment
NEW for Amos. Renders לֹא־יָנוּס…וְלֹא־יִמָּלֵט (Amos 9:1-4), completing the inescapability imagery begun with the lion/bear/serpent chain (5:19). Must retain total inescapability; softening would echo the common Bengali folk-tale pattern of a clever protagonist escaping danger, undercutting the passage’s point.
Raise Up Rebuild
Approved rendering: পুনঃস্থাপন করব / ভাঙা অংশ মেরামত করব / পুনর্নির্মাণ করব
Transliteration: punôsthapôn kôrbo / bhanga ôngsho meramôt kôrbo / punôrnirman kôrbo
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Rejected alternatives: মানুষের রাজনৈতিক পুনরুদ্ধার (human political restoration framing)
Original: אָקִים…וְגָדַרְתִּי אֶת־פִּרְצֵיהֶן…אָקִים וּבְנִיתִיהָ
Category: Messianic Hope
NEW for Amos. Renders אָקִים…וְגָדַרְתִּי אֶת־פִּרְצֵיהֶן…אָקִים וּבְנִיתִיהָ (Amos 9:11). First-person, YHWH-as-sole-subject restoration language must be preserved as active, divine, future-certain — not a human political-nationalist restoration project, a distinction with real pastoral importance given culturally live Hindu- and Muslim-adjacent religious-nationalist restoration narratives in South Asia.
Plant Never Uprooted
Approved rendering: রোপণ করব…আর কখনও উৎপাটিত হবে না
Transliteration: ropôn kôrbo…ar kôkhono utpatito hôbe na
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Rejected alternatives: একটি অনির্দিষ্ট আশাব্যঞ্জক ভবিষ্যত (open-ended hopeful future, losing ‘never again’ finality)
Original: וְנְטַעְתִּים…וְלֹא יִנָּתְשׁוּ עוֹד (v’netatim…v’lo yinatshu od)
Category: Messianic Hope
NEW for Amos. Renders וְנְטַעְתִּים…וְלֹא יִנָּתְשׁוּ עוֹד (Amos 9:15), the book’s climactic reversal of every covenant-curse threat since ch. 1. Emphatic finality (‘never again’) must not be softened.
Dan Beersheba Oath
Approved rendering: দান ও বের-শেবা
Transliteration: Dan o Ber-Sheba
Doctrine: Apostate Worship and Illegitimate Cult Sites
NEW for Amos. Renders Amos 8:14’s oath formula (‘by the life of your god, O Dan,’ ‘by the way of Beersheba’) — apostate cultic-oath vocabulary structurally parallel to bethel_gilgal; requires the same standing disambiguating note against neutral-geography misreading.
Medium Risk Terms
Israel
Approved rendering: ইস্রায়েল
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. In Amos, the primary object of covenant-lawsuit judgment (chs. 2-9) while remaining God’s chosen, elected people (3:1-2).
Darkness Gloom
Approved rendering: অন্ধকার / ঘোর অন্ধকার
Transliteration: ondhokar / ghor ondhokar
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: শুধু অন্ধকার (repeated flatly, without intensification, for ophel)
Original: חֹשֶׁךְ (choshekh); אֹפֶל (ophel, intensified)
Category: Judgment
NEW for Amos. অন্ধকার renders חֹשֶׁךְ (choshekh, 5:18); ঘোর অন্ধকার renders the intensified אֹפֶל (ophel, 5:20; also 8:9). ঘোর অন্ধকার must escalate rhetorically beyond plain অন্ধকার to preserve v.20’s intensifying force.
Feasts Assemblies
Approved rendering: পর্ব / সভা (পবিত্র সভা)
Transliteration: parbo / shobha (pobitro shobha)
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: חַגֵּיכֶם; עַצְּרֹתֵיכֶם (chaggeikhem; atzeroteikhem)
Category: Worship/Ritual
NEW for Amos. পর্ব renders חַגֵּיכֶם (chaggeikhem, festivals); সভা/পবিত্র সভা renders עַצְּרֹתֵיכֶם (atzeroteikhem, solemn assemblies) — both Amos 5:21. Low collision risk since the text criticizes Israel’s OWN YHWH-worship, not a rival religion; consistency of সভা vs. পবিত্র সভা must be maintained across the curriculum.
Peace Offering
Approved rendering: মঙ্গলার্থক বলি
Transliteration: mongolarthok boli
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: সাধারণ উপহার (too generic, loses sacrificial category)
Original: שְׁלָמִים (shelamim)
Category: Worship/Ritual
NEW for Amos. Renders שְׁלָמִים (shelamim, Amos 5:22). Moderate risk of being misread as a generic goodwill gift; the irony that even communal, celebratory worship is rejected should be preserved in study material.
Harp Lute
Approved rendering: তারযুক্ত বাদ্যযন্ত্র
Transliteration: tarjukto badyojontro
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: বীণা (Saraswati-associated classical instrument)
Original: נֶבֶל (nevel)
Category: Worship/Ritual
NEW for Amos. Renders נֶבֶל (nevel, Amos 5:23). Avoid বীণা, which carries strong Saraswati (goddess of music/learning) iconographic association in Bengali culture — an unrelated deity-figure this judgment oracle must not introduce.
Ever Flowing Stream
Approved rendering: অবিরাম প্রবাহিত স্রোত
Transliteration: obiram prôbahito srrot
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Rejected alternatives: সাধারণ স্রোত/নদী (generic river/stream, loses the perpetual-flow contrast)
Original: נַחַל אֵיתָן (nachal eitan)
Category: Social Justice
NEW for Amos. Renders נַחַל אֵיתָן (nachal eitan, Amos 5:24). Must convey perpetual/never-drying force against the region’s seasonal-wadi backdrop; a footnote on the wadi contrast is recommended in study material.
Fire Judgment
Approved rendering: আগুন
Transliteration: agun
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Rejected alternatives: রূপক আগুন (metaphorical inner-turmoil reading)
Original: אֵש (esh)
Category: Sovereignty
NEW for Amos. Renders אֵש (esh), the judicial/destructive fire refrain across the oracle cycle (1:4,7,10,12,14; 2:2,5; 7:4). Must be understood as physical, historical judgment, not inner turmoil.
Locusts
Approved rendering: পঙ্গপাল
Transliteration: pongopal
Doctrine: Covenant Curses as Divine Discipline
Original: גֹּבַי (gobai); אַרְבֶּה (arbeh)
Category: Sovereignty
NEW for Amos. Renders גֹּבַי (gobai, Amos 7:1) / אַרְבֶּה (arbeh, ch. 4). Reinforces the plague-imagery vocabulary established in covenant_curses.
Herdsman Sycamore
Approved rendering: পশুপালক / ডুমুরগাছের পরিচর্যাকারী
Transliteration: poshupalôk / dumurgacher porichorjakari
Doctrine: Prophetic Calling and Authority
Rejected alternatives: পেশাদার ভাববাদী (professional prophet, contradicts the point)
Original: בּוֹקֵר (boqer); בּוֹלֵס שִׁקְמִים (boles shiqmim); “לֹא־נָבִיא אָנֹכִי”
Category: Calling
NEW for Amos. Renders בּוֹקֵר (boqer) / בּוֹלֵס שִׁקְמִים (boles shiqmim); the disclaimer itself ‘I was no prophet’ renders as আমি ভাববাদী ছিলাম না (Amos 7:14). Establishes that prophetic authority derives from direct divine call, not institutional/cultic office or guru-lineage/pir-inherited authority; cross-references the Romans baseline’s আহুত/আহ্বান calling vocabulary.
Sanctuary Bethel
Approved rendering: পবিত্রস্থান
Transliteration: pobitrosthan
Doctrine: Apostate Worship and Illegitimate Cult Sites
Rejected alternatives: সাধারণ পবিত্রস্থান without illegitimacy flag
Original: מִקְדָּש (miqdash)
Category: Worship/Ritual
NEW for Amos. Renders מִקְדָּש (miqdash, Amos 7:13), the king’s illegitimate royal shrine at Bethel. Should not be confused with a generic/legitimate ‘holy place’ without surrounding context flagging its illegitimacy.
Sabbath New Moon
Approved rendering: বিশ্রামবার / অমাবস্যা
Transliteration: bishrambar / omabôshya
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: שַׁבָּת (shabbat), חֹדֶש (chodesh)
Category: Worship/Ritual
NEW for Amos. Renders שַׁבָּת (shabbat) / חֹדֶש (chodesh), Amos 8:5. Merchants resent these observances only as interruptions to profitable cheating — an ironic inversion of the ch. 5 ritual critique.
Possess Remnant Edom
Approved rendering: ইদোমের অবশিষ্ট অংশ অধিকার করবে
Transliteration: Idomer obôshishto ôngsho odhikar kôrbe
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Original: יִירְשׁוּ אֶת־שְׁאֵרִית אֱדוֹם (LXX: ἐκζητήσωσιν, “seek”)
Category: Messianic Hope
NEW for Amos. Renders יִירְשׁוּ אֶת־שְׁאֵרִית אֱדוֹם (Amos 9:12). The Hebrew (‘possess’)/LXX (ἐκζητήσωσιν, ‘seek’) divergence MUST be flagged explicitly for theologian review, since the LXX underlies Acts 15:17’s Gentile-inclusion argument; a mistranslation here could sever this book’s textual link to the Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine.
Damascus
Approved rendering: দামেস্ক
Transliteration: Damesk
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
NEW for Amos. Established Bengali Bible place-name form (Amos 1:3-5).
Gaza
Approved rendering: গাজা
Transliteration: Gaza
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Rejected alternatives: ঘসা (older historic form)
NEW for Amos. Amos 1:6-8. Consistency check needed against Bengali OT conventions used elsewhere in the curriculum library.
Tyre
Approved rendering: সোর
Transliteration: Tsor
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
NEW for Amos. Amos 1:9-10.
Edom
Approved rendering: ইদোম
Transliteration: Edom
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
NEW for Amos. Amos 1:11-12; also the future-restoration referent in 9:12 (see possess_remnant_edom).
Ammon
Approved rendering: অম্মোন
Transliteration: Ammon
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
NEW for Amos. Amos 1:13-15.
Moab
Approved rendering: মোয়াব
Transliteration: Moab
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
NEW for Amos. Amos 2:1-3.
Judah
Approved rendering: যিহূদা
Transliteration: Yihuda
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
NEW for Amos. Amos 2:4-5; also Amos’s home tribe/kingdom (1:1; 7:12).
Cows Of Bashan
Approved rendering: বাশানের গরু
Transliteration: Bashaner gôru
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
NEW for Amos. Renders Amos 4:1’s insult-metaphor for Samaria’s oppressive, wealthy elite women who ‘crush the needy.’ Must retain the pointed, satirical force of the animal metaphor rather than softening it into a neutral description.
Cush
Approved rendering: কূশ
Transliteration: Kush
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
NEW for Amos. Amos 9:7’s startling comparison (‘Are you not like the Cushites to me?’) undermines any ethnic-privilege assumption; must retain the rhetorical force of the comparison, not soften it into a neutral geographic aside.
Sifting Remnant
Approved rendering: চালনিতে চালা
Transliteration: chalônite chala
Doctrine: Remnant and Hope for Restoration
NEW for Amos. Renders the sieve/sifting image of Amos 9:8-10 (Israel ‘sifted’ among the nations, yet ‘not the smallest pebble’ of the righteous remnant lost). Must retain the precision-preservation sense (careful sifting that loses nothing genuine), not a generic winnowing/loss image.
Nazirite
Approved rendering: নাসরীয়
Transliteration: Nasoriyo
Doctrine: Prophetic Calling and Authority
NEW for Amos. Amos 2:11-12: Israel’s corruption of Nazirites (made to drink wine, breaking their vow) and silencing of prophets — an inverse case of suppressing legitimate divine calling, foreshadowing the Amaziah confrontation in ch. 7.
Mourning Turned Feasts
Approved rendering: উৎসবকে শোকে পরিণত করা
Transliteration: utshôbke shoke porinôto kora
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
NEW for Amos. Renders Amos 8:10 (‘I will turn your feasts into mourning’), part of the darkness-at-noon judgment scene; reinforces the ch. 5 ritual-rejection motif with a further reversal image.
Amaziah
Approved rendering: আমাসিয়
Transliteration: Amasiya
Doctrine: Prophetic Calling and Authority
NEW for Amos. The priest of Bethel who confronts Amos and orders him to leave (Amos 7:10-17); the book’s clearest narrative demonstration of institutional religious authority opposing an authentically-called outsider prophet.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: ভাববাদী
Transliteration: bhabbadi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতিষী
Inherited from Romans package. Applies throughout Amos (2:11-12; 3:7-8; 7:12-16), including Amos’s own defense of his prophetic office in 7:14-15.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ভাববাণী
Transliteration: bhabbani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: গণনা
Inherited from Romans package. Verb form নিব্বা (niba, ‘to prophesy’) is rendered ভাববাণী করা, built on this noun.
Woe
Approved rendering: হায়
Transliteration: hay
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: הוֹי (hoy)
Category: Judgment
NEW for Amos. A funeral-lament interjection (הוֹי, hoy) repurposed as a prophetic judgment-cry; used ironically in 5:18 and again in 6:1. Low ambiguity risk.
Light Brightness
Approved rendering: আলো / দীপ্তি
Transliteration: alo / dipti
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: মহিমা (reserved for God’s radiant glory)
Original: אוֹר (or); נֹגַהּ (nogah)
Category: Judgment
NEW for Amos. আলো renders אוֹר (or); দীপ্তি renders נֹגַהּ (nogah). Both are covenant-blessing images entirely negated by context in 5:18,20; keep distinct from মহিমা.
Amos Prophet Name
Approved rendering: আমোষ
Transliteration: Amosh
Doctrine: Prophetic Calling and Authority
NEW for Amos. Established Bengali Bible form of the prophet’s own name (Amos 1:1; 7:8,10-12,14; 8:2).
Tekoa
Approved rendering: তকোয়
Transliteration: Tekoa
Doctrine: Prophetic Calling and Authority
NEW for Amos. Amos’s hometown in Judah (Amos 1:1), establishing him as an outsider sent to prophesy against the Northern Kingdom.
Jeroboam
Approved rendering: যারবিয়াম
Transliteration: Jeroboam
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
NEW for Amos. Jeroboam II, king of Israel during Amos’s ministry (1:1; 7:9-11).
Uzziah
Approved rendering: উষিয়
Transliteration: Uzziah
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
NEW for Amos. Uzziah, king of Judah, used to date Amos’s ministry (Amos 1:1).
Referenced passages