Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Samuel (Bengali Destination Language)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning all 24 chapters of 2 Samuel. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [REUSED] and their Bengali rendering is repeated verbatim, per the hard rule that established renderings must be reused exactly. New terms required for this curriculum are marked [NEW].
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly from Romans Translation Memory
| # | Term (EN) | Bengali | Transliteration | Risk (baseline) | Chapters occurring | Notes for 2 Samuel context |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | God | ঈশ্বর | Ishshor | Critical | All | Reuse exactly; no Old Testament divine-name substitution. |
| A2 | Lord | প্রভু | provu | Critical | 1,5,6,7,8,12,22,24 | Reuse for YHWH-as-addressed and for “the LORD’s anointed” contexts. |
| A3 | Covenant | নিয়ম | niyom | High | 3,5,6,7,23 | Underlies compound নিয়ম-সিন্দুক (ark) and চিরস্থায়ী নিয়ম (everlasting covenant, ch.23). |
| A4 | David | দায়ূদ | Dayud | Medium | All | Established proper-name form. |
| A5 | Israel | ইস্রায়েল | Israel | Medium | All | Established proper-name form. |
| A6 | Sin | পাপ | pap | High | 11,12,13,24 | Moral transgression before a personal God; central to David’s Sin and Repentance doctrine. |
| A7 | Holy | পবিত্র | pobitro | High | 6 | Ark’s holiness (Uzzah); moral-relational, not ritual-purity sense. |
| A8 | Grace / (OT) Favor | অনুগ্রহ | anugroho | High | 15 | OT chen (15:25) reuses this NT-grace term; teaching note on scope difference required. |
| A9 | Prophet | ভাববাদী | bhabbadi | Low | 7,12,24 | Nathan; God’s spokesman, not a fortune-teller. |
| A10 | Thanksgiving | ধন্যবাদ | dhonnobad | Low | 7 (7:18–29) | David’s prayer of thanks. |
| A11 | Power of God | ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য | Ishshorer shamorthyo | High | 22 | Never শক্তি — especially important in a martial victory-song context. |
| A12 | Seed of David (pattern) | দায়ূদের বংশ | Dayuder bongsho | High | 7,12(sim.) | Grammatical pattern reused for offspring/dynasty language (see B-section entries below). |
| A13 | Salvation | পরিত্রাণ | poritran | Critical | 22 | Historical/military deliverance sense in ch.22; contextual note required distinguishing from full soteriological sense. |
| A14 | Kingdom of God | ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য | Ishshorer Rajyo | Medium | (contrast only) | NOT used for David’s political kingdom (see B-section “Davidic kingdom”); cited here only to mark the necessary distinction. |
| A15 | Father | পিতা | Pita | Critical | 7 (7:14) | God as father to Solomon/Davidic line — adoptive/covenantal, distinct from Christ’s ontological Sonship. |
| A16 | Messiah / Christ (NT technical) | খ্রীষ্ট | Khrishto | Critical | (contrast only) | Reserved for the NT technical title; NOT used for OT “anointed one” (see B-section). |
| A17 | Son of God (Christ, technical) | ঈশ্বরের পুত্র | Ishshorer Putro | Critical | (contrast only) | Reserved for Christ’s unique divine Sonship; NOT used for Solomon/David’s line sonship in 7:14 (see B-section “son (typological)”). |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by 2 Samuel
| # | Term (EN) | Hebrew / Transliteration | Bengali | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Key chapters | Notes / Alternatives rejected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B1 | House (temple sense) | בַּיִת bayit | গৃহ / মন্দির | griho / mondir | High | Davidic Covenant | 7 (vv.5,6,7,13), 8 | মন্দির reserved for the eventual, literal Solomonic Temple; must not be confused with baseline’s rejection of মন্দির for the Church — different referent entirely. Wordplay with B2 requires a translator’s note. |
| B2 | House (dynasty sense) | בַּיִת bayit | বংশ | bongsho | Critical | Davidic Covenant; Messianic Hope | 3,7 (vv.11,13,16),23 | Central pivot-word of the whole oracle; MUST be distinguished from B1 with an explicit translator’s note on the untranslatable Hebrew pun. |
| B3 | Throne | כִּסֵּא kisse | সিংহাসন | shinghason | High | Davidic Covenant; Messianic Hope | 7,23 | Also used of deities’ thrones in Hindu iconography; anchor with “দায়ূদের সিংহাসন” to keep the historical referent clear. |
| B4 | Kingdom (David’s, political) | מַמְלָכָה mamlakah | রাজ্য | rajyo | High | Davidic Covenant; Messianic Hope | 7,8,15,20 | Must be distinguished from baseline’s ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য (God’s cosmic reign); typological, not identical, relationship. |
| B5 | Forever / eternal | עוֹלָם olam | চিরকাল / চিরস্থায়ী | chirokal / chirosthayi | Critical | Davidic Covenant; Messianic Hope | 7 (vv.13,16),23 | Must convey linear, purposive, God-governed unendingness — NOT the cyclical eternity of Hindu cosmological ages/saṃsāra. Translator’s note required at first occurrence. |
| B6 | Steadfast love | חֶסֶד chesed | অবিচল দয়া | obichol doya | Critical | God’s Steadfast Love despite Human Failure; Davidic Covenant | 2,7 (v.15),9,19,22 | Alternatives rejected: দয়া alone (loses covenant-loyalty force), প্রেম alone (romantic/bhakti-devotional risk), করুণা (mere compassion, no covenant-bond sense), অনুগ্রহ (reserved for distinct NT unmerited-grace concept — related but not identical; a teaching note bridging the two is required). |
| B7 | Son (typological, of David’s line) | בֵּן ben | পুত্র | putro | Critical | Messianic Hope; Davidic Covenant | 7 (v.14) | MUST NOT be rendered or read as baseline’s ঈশ্বরের পুত্র (reserved for Christ’s ontological Sonship). Plain পুত্র only, with mandatory translator’s note on the Hebrews 1:5 typological fulfillment. |
| B8 | Anointed one (OT king, generic) | מָשִׁיחַ mashiach | অভিষিক্ত | ovishikto | Critical | Messianic Hope | 1,21,22 | Must be kept distinct from baseline’s messiah → খ্রীষ্ট (NT technical title), to prevent anachronistic collapse of every anointed OT king into “Christ,” while preserving the typological thread. |
| B9 | Anoint (verb) | מָשַׁח mashach | অভিষেক করা | ovishek kora | High | Messianic Hope; Davidic Covenant | 2,5 | The ritual act underlying B8; render consistently at every royal/priestly anointing. |
| B10 | Redeem / redemption (historical) | פָּדָה / גָּאַל padah/ga’al | উদ্ধার করা | uddhar kora | High | Messianic Hope; God’s Steadfast Love | 7 (v.23) | NEVER মুক্তি (forbidden per baseline; samsara-liberation association). Distinct from, but related to, baseline’s পরিত্রাণ. |
| B11 | LORD of hosts | יהוה צְבָאוֹת YHWH Tzevaot | বাহিনীগণের প্রভু | bahinigoner provu | High | Davidic Covenant | 5,6,7 (v.8) | NEVER শক্তি-based vocabulary (Shakta-goddess association per baseline); বাহিনী (“armies/hosts”) avoids this. |
| B12 | Prince (God-appointed leader) | נָגִיד nagid | নেতা / শাসক | neta / shashok | Medium–High | Davidic Covenant | 7 (v.8) | Distinct, more modest title than “king” (B13); rendering as রাজা blurs an important theological distinction. |
| B13 | King | מֶלֶךְ melek | রাজা | raja | Medium | Davidic Covenant | 2,5,8,15,etc. | Standard royal title; contrast with B12. |
| B14 | Shepherd (leadership metaphor) | רָעָה ra’ah | পালন করা | palon kora | High | Davidic Covenant; Messianic Hope | 7 (v.7) | Preserve pastoral-care nuance; avoid reducing to bare “manage/rule.” Anticipates NT Good Shepherd typology. |
| B15 | Ark of the Covenant | אֲרוֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה | নিয়ম-সিন্দুক | niyom-sinduk | High | Davidic Covenant | 6,7 | Built on reused নিয়ম to keep covenantal identity; never a bare, generic সিন্দুক (“box”). |
| B16 | Word of the LORD | דְּבַר־יהוה devar YHWH | প্রভুর বাক্য | provur bakyo | High | Davidic Covenant (Inspiration link) | 7 (v.4) | Technical prophetic-oracle formula; render identically at every occurrence. |
| B17 | Name (reputation/legacy) | שֵׁם shem | নাম | naam | Medium | Davidic Covenant; Messianic Hope | 7 (vv.9,13) | Carries honor/legacy dimension, not a bare label; ties to honor–shame cultural sensitivity. |
| B18 | Established / made sure | קום qum (hif.); נֶאְמָן ne’eman | স্থাপন করা / দৃঢ়ীকৃত | sthapon kora / dridhikrito | High | Davidic Covenant | 5,7 (vv.12,13,16) | Keyword repeated three times in the oracle; must use identical Bengali verb each time; note root-link to אמן/আমেন (faithfulness). |
| B19 | Favor (OT chen) | חֵן chen | অনুগ্রহ (reuse A8) | anugroho | High | God’s Steadfast Love | 15 (v.25) | Same Bengali word as NT grace; scope-difference teaching note required. |
| B20 | Justice | מִשְׁפָּט mishpat | ন্যায়বিচার | nyayobichar | Medium | Davidic Covenant (governance) | 8 (v.15) | Pairs with baseline’s ধার্মিকতা (righteousness) in the “justice and righteousness” formula. |
| B21 | Consecrate / dedicate | קדש qadash (hif. הִקְדִּישׁ) | উৎসর্গ করা / পবিত্র করা | utsorgo kora | Medium–High | Davidic Covenant | 8 (v.11) | Distinct from পবিত্রীকরণ (ongoing sanctification); a one-time dedicatory act here. |
| B22 | Adultery | נִאֻף na’aph | ব্যভিচার | bebhichar | High | David’s Sin and Repentance | 11 | Serious covenant-breaking moral transgression, not mere social impropriety. |
| B23 | ”Evil in the sight of the LORD” | רַע בְּעֵינֵי יהוה | ঈশ্বরের দৃষ্টিতে মন্দ | Ishshorer drishtite mondo | High | David’s Sin and Repentance; Consequences of Sin | 11 (v.27) | Recurring judgment formula; render consistently. |
| B24 | Repentance | (contextual; root חטא chata) | অনুতাপ | anutap | High | David’s Sin and Repentance | 12 | NEVER প্রায়শ্চিত্ত (implies self-earned ritual/karmic penance) nor তওবা (Islamic-idiom term, parallel to baseline’s rejection of ঈমান/নাজাত). |
| B25 | Forgiveness (general) | עָבַר avar / סָלַח salach | ক্ষমা | kshama | Medium | David’s Sin and Repentance | 12 | Legitimate general-forgiveness use; distinct from baseline’s caution against abbreviating justification to bare ক্ষমা. |
| B26 | Parable | מָשָׁל mashal | দৃষ্টান্ত | drishtanto | Low | David’s Sin and Repentance | 12 | Anticipates NT parable genre. |
| B27 | Beloved (of the LORD) | יְדִידְיָה Yedidyah | প্রিয় | priyo | Low–Medium | Messianic Hope | 12 (v.25) | Solomon’s second name; quiet continuity of divine favor after David’s sin. |
| B28 | Wisdom | חָכְמָה chokmah | প্রজ্ঞা | progya | Low | (supporting) | 14 | Minor addition. |
| B29 | Curse | קָלַל qalal | অভিশাপ | obhishap | Medium | God’s Steadfast Love (providence) | 16 | David’s restraint models trust in providence over retaliation. |
| B30 | Atonement | כִּפֵּר kipper | প্রায়শ্চিত্ত | prayashchitto | High | Consequences of Sin; Messianic Hope (typology) | 21 | Established Bengali Bible term; flag Hindu ritual/karmic-penance association — clarify as God-appointed, not self-earned. |
| B31 | Bloodguilt | דָּם dam | রক্তের দোষ | roktero dosh | Medium | Consequences of Sin | 4,21 | Foreshadowed at ch.4, resolved at ch.21. |
| B32 | Rock (divine metaphor) | צוּר tzur | শৈল / দুর্গ | shoilo / durgo | Medium | God’s Steadfast Love | 22,23 | Avoid conflation with animist sacred-stone veneration; clearly poetic. |
| B33 | Everlasting covenant | בְּרִית עוֹלָם berit olam | চিরস্থায়ী নিয়ম | chirosthayi niyom | Critical | Davidic Covenant | 23 (v.5) | Combination of A3 (নিয়ম) + B5 (চিরস্থায়ী); must match ch.7 vocabulary exactly. |
| B34 | Mighty men | גִּבּוֹרִים gibborim | বীরপুরুষ | birpurush | Low | (supporting) | 23 | Minor addition. |
| B35 | Plague | מַגֵּפָה / דֶּבֶר magephah/dever | মহামারী | mohamari | Low–Medium | Consequences of Sin | 24 | Divine judgment motif. |
| B36 | Altar | מִזְבֵּח mizbeach | বেদি | bedi | Medium | Consequences of Sin (atonement) | 24 | বেদী also used for Hindu Vedic yajña-altar; context must anchor referent to the one true God. |
| B37 | Burnt offering | עוֹלָה olah | হোমবলি | homboli | High | Consequences of Sin; Messianic Hope (typology) | 24 | হোম carries Hindu fire-ritual (homa) association; established Bible term retained per ঈশ্বর-precedent, but flag with translator’s note. |
| B38 | God relents | נִחַם nacham | ক্ষান্ত হওয়া | khanto howa | High | God’s Steadfast Love; Providence | 24 (v.16) | Anthropopathic; must not imply divine fickleness or change of righteous character. |
| B39 | Love (covenant friendship) | אַהֲבָה ahavah | ভালোবাসা / প্রেম | bhalobasha / prem | Medium | (supporting; Davidic Covenant background) | 1 | David–Jonathan bond; distinguish from B6 (chesed) and from romantic connotation. |
| B40 | Judges (pre-monarchic leaders) | שֹׁפְטִים shophetim | বিচারকর্তা | bicharkorta | Low | Davidic Covenant (background) | 7 (v.7) | Not modern judicial magistrates. |
| B41 | Rest (from enemies) | נוּח nuach | বিশ্রাম | bishram | Low–Medium | Davidic Covenant | 7 (v.1) | Precondition for temple-building initiative. |
| B42 | Servant (honorific) | עֶבֶד ebed | দাস | das | Medium | Davidic Covenant | 7 (v.5) | Honorific covenant title, not servile degradation. |
| B43 | Shame / humiliation | (בשׁת-family) | লজ্জা / অপমান | lojja / opoman | Medium | Consequences of Sin | 10,13 | Honor-shame dynamics; flag for native-speaker review per baseline routing conventions. |
| B44 | Vision (prophetic) | חִזָּיוֹן chizzayon | দর্শন | dorshon | Medium | Davidic Covenant (Inspiration link) | 7 (v.17) | Qualify as “প্রত্যাদিষ্ট দর্শন” to avoid the secular-philosophical reading of দর্শন. |
| B45 | Seed / offspring (dynastic promise) | זֶרַע zera | বংশ / সন্তান | bongsho / sontan | Critical | Davidic Covenant; Messianic Hope | 7 (v.12) | Reuses baseline’s দায়ূদের বংশ pattern; preserve grammatical singularity to keep the messianic reading available. |
Risk Summary for 2 Samuel New-Term Additions
| Risk Tier | Count (Section B) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 7 (B2, B5, B6, B7, B8, B33, B45) | Human theologian — every occurrence |
| High | 17 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 17 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 4 | Automated review |
Cross-reference: These entries extend, and must be read alongside, translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json from the baseline Romans Language Package. Any future doctrine_risk_registry.json and translation_memory.json updates for the 2 Samuel curriculum must incorporate Section B verbatim, incrementing the translation memory version number per the baseline’s enforcement protocol.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 2 Samuel this is YHWH/Elohim, the personal covenant God who speaks to David through Nathan (ch.7), receives David’s confession (ch.12), and relents from judgment (ch.24). No divine-name substitution.
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Original: יהוה / אֲדֹנָי
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 2 Samuel governs the messenger formula ‘Thus says the LORD’ (প্রভু এই কথা বলেন, 7:5,8) and the title ‘the LORD’s anointed’ (প্রভুর অভিষিক্ত, 1:14,16; 21:17). Must convey exclusive divine sovereignty, not one honorific among several.
Salvation
Approved rendering: পরিত্রাণ
Transliteration: poritran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 2 Samuel 22:3,47 denotes historical, military deliverance (‘horn of my salvation’); a contextual note is required distinguishing this from the fuller NT soteriological sense it foreshadows. NEVER মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, or নাজাত.
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকর্তা
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 2 Samuel 7:14, God’s adoptive, covenantal fatherhood toward Solomon/the Davidic line — distinct from Christ’s ontological Sonship to the Father. Never substitute Hindu creator-deity names.
Messiah
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ
Inherited from Romans package exactly. RESERVED in this book: খ্রীষ্ট must NEVER be applied to Saul, David, or Solomon as ‘the LORD’s anointed’ — use অভিষিক্ত (anointed_one) instead. Using খ্রীষ্ট here would anachronistically declare an OT king ‘the Christ,’ collapsing the Messianic Hope doctrine’s typological trajectory into a flat historical identity.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পুত্র
Transliteration: Ishshorer Putro
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: দেবপুত্র, ঈশ্বরের অংশ
Inherited from Romans package exactly. RESERVED in this book: must NEVER be used for Solomon’s covenantal sonship in 7:14 — use plain পুত্র (son_typological) instead, with a mandatory translator’s note pointing forward to Hebrews 1:5’s typological application while preserving the distinction between typological and ontological sonship.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ধার্মিকতা
Transliteration: dharmikota
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, পুণ্য, ন্যায়
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 2 Samuel 8:15 (‘David administered justice and righteousness’) this is the social-governmental sense of righteous rule, NOT the soteriological/forensic sense fixed by the baseline Romans package. A brief contextual note is required at 8:15 to prevent readers from conflating David’s just governance with justification by faith, while still using the single approved Bengali term. NEVER ধর্ম in either sense.
House Dynasty
Approved rendering: বংশ
Transliteration: bongsho
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and the Promise of an Eternal Throne
Rejected alternatives: গৃহ (rejected for this sense)
Original: בַּיִת
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. বাইত (bayit) in the dynasty/lineage sense — the pivot-meaning of the chapter 7 oracle (7:11,13,16; foreshadowed ch.3; echoed ch.23). This is the narrative turning point: David wanted to build God a house (temple); God instead builds David a house (dynasty). Because গৃহ/মন্দির and বংশ are different Bengali words, the wordplay is INVISIBLE unless a translator’s note explicitly explains the pun. Mandatory note required at every occurrence in ch.7 and ch.23.
Forever Olam
Approved rendering: চিরকাল / চিরস্থায়ী
Transliteration: chirokal / chirosthayi
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and the Promise of an Eternal Throne
Original: עוֹלָם
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. Olam (עוֹלָם) at 7:13,16 and 23:5. Must communicate unending, LINEAR, historically-fulfilled permanence — NOT the cyclical, repeating eternity of Hindu cosmological ages (kalpa/yuga) or the impersonal endlessness of saṃsāra. A mandatory translator’s note distinguishing this is required at first occurrence (7:13) and must be echoed identically at 23:5.
Steadfast Love
Approved rendering: অবিচল দয়া
Transliteration: obichol doya
Doctrine: God’s Steadfast Love despite Human Failure
Rejected alternatives: দয়া, প্রেম, করুণা, অনুগ্রহ (distinct concept)
Original: חֶסֶד
Category: God
New for 2 Samuel. Chesed (חֶסֶד), the book’s theological hinge term (2:6; 7:15; 9:1,3,7; 15:20; 19:31-39; 22:51). Never দয়া alone (loses covenant-bond force), never প্রেম (romantic/bhakti-devotional risk, esp. Radha-Krishna associations), never করুণা (mere compassion, no covenant-bond sense), never silently merged with অনুগ্রহ (a related but distinct NT unmerited-grace concept) without a mandatory clarifying teaching note bridging the two at first co-occurrence.
Son Typological
Approved rendering: পুত্র
Transliteration: putro
Doctrine: The Messianic Hope Rooted in David’s Line
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বরের পুত্র (reserved for Christ)
Original: בֵּן
Category: Messianic Hope
New for 2 Samuel. Solomon (and the Davidic line) as God’s covenantal son (7:14), disciplined for iniquity yet never abandoned. Plain পুত্র ONLY. MUST NOT be rendered as, or conflated with, ঈশ্বরের পুত্র. A mandatory translator’s note explains the typological trajectory culminating in Hebrews 1:5’s citation of this verse applied to Christ, while preserving the doctrinal distinction between typological and ontological sonship — this guards against both a Hindu devaputra/avatara misreading and a Muslim-background reader’s literal-biological-sonship misreading.
Anointed One
Approved rendering: অভিষিক্ত
Transliteration: ovishikto
Doctrine: The Messianic Hope Rooted in David’s Line
Rejected alternatives: খ্রীষ্ট (reserved for NT Messiah), মশীহ (Islamic-idiom, rejected)
Original: מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Messianic Hope
New for 2 Samuel. Mashiach (מָשִׁיחַ) of Saul (1:14,16), David (21:17), and ‘his anointed’ in the climactic 22:51. Must be kept distinct from খ্রীষ্ট (NT technical title, reserved) AND from মশীহ (the Qur’anic-idiom transliteration shared with Bengali Muslim usage, already rejected at the baseline level for ‘messiah’). Using অভিষিক্ত prevents anachronistic collapse of every anointed OT king into ‘Christ’ while preserving the typological thread.
Everlasting Covenant
Approved rendering: চিরস্থায়ী নিয়ম
Transliteration: chirosthayi niyom
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and the Promise of an Eternal Throne
Original: בְּרִית עוֹלָם
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. Berit olam (בְּרִית עוֹלָם), David’s own summary description (23:5) of God’s covenant with his house. Combination of covenant (নিয়ম) + forever_olam (চিরস্থায়ী); must match chapter 7’s established vocabulary exactly, as the Davidic Covenant doctrine’s own climactic self-description.
Offspring Seed
Approved rendering: বংশ / সন্তান
Transliteration: bongsho / sontan
Doctrine: The Messianic Hope Rooted in David’s Line
Original: זֶרַע
Category: Messianic Hope
New for 2 Samuel. Zera (זֶרַע), the grammatically SINGULAR offspring promised to David (7:12), near-term referring to Solomon but later read messianically (cf. NT singular-seed argumentation). Preserve grammatical singularity (‘তার রাজ্য,’ not a vague plural ‘তাদের রাজ্যসমূহ’) deliberately, since Bengali’s optional number-marking can silently erase the singular referent essential to the later messianic reading.
High Risk Terms
Covenant
Approved rendering: নিয়ম
Transliteration: niyom
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি, অঙ্গীকার
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Underlies the compound forms নিয়ম-সিন্দুক (ark of the covenant, ch.6-7) and চিরস্থায়ী নিয়ম (everlasting covenant, 23:5), which must echo ch.7’s oracle vocabulary exactly.
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Original: חָטָא / חַטָּאת
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Central to ‘David’s Sin and Repentance’ (ch.11-12) and ‘Consequences of Sin within the Covenant Family’ (ch.12-24). Moral transgression against a personal God, not ritual impurity or bad karma.
Holy
Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Original: קֹדֶשׁ
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 2 Samuel governs the ark’s holiness dramatized by Uzzah’s death (ch.6) — moral-relational holiness demanding reverent obedience, not a manageable ritual-purity taboo (shuddhi).
Grace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Reused in 2 Samuel for OT ‘chen’ (חֵן, favor found in someone’s eyes, 15:25) — see favor_chen entry below for the required scope-difference teaching note distinguishing OT relational favor from NT unmerited soteriological grace.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer shamorthyo
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি
Original: כֹּחַ / עֹז
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. NEVER শক্তি. Especially important in David’s song of deliverance (ch.22), a martial victory-song where power-vocabulary could otherwise drift toward Shakta goddess-power (Durga/Kali) associations centered in Bengal.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদের বংশ
Transliteration: Dayuder bongsho
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly (originally fixed at Romans 1:3). In 2 Samuel this pattern underlies the dynastic ‘seed/offspring’ language of 7:12 — see offspring_seed below for the grammatically singular requirement specific to this occurrence.
Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Relevant background for David’s language of God’s greatness (7:22, গাদোল/gadol) in his prayer of thanksgiving; avoid তেজ, which risks Hindu divine-light/deity-aura association.
Providence
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা
Transliteration: Ishshorer porichalona
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Governs David’s restraint under Shimei’s curse (ch.16), the reversal of Ahithophel’s counsel (ch.17), and the census/plague narrative (ch.24) — God’s personal, purposive governance, never impersonal fate (ভাগ্য/নিয়তি) or karma (কর্মফল).
House Temple
Approved rendering: গৃহ / মন্দির
Transliteration: griho / mondir
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and the Promise of an Eternal Throne
Original: בַּיִת
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. বাইত (bayit) in the temple/sanctuary sense (7:5-7,13; ch.8). Use গৃহ generically; reserve মন্দির strictly for the literal, future Solomonic Temple. This মন্দির usage is legitimate because the referent is a real historical building, unlike the baseline’s rejection of মন্দির for the NT Church. Must be distinguished from house_dynasty via a mandatory translator’s note explaining the untranslatable Hebrew wordplay.
Throne
Approved rendering: সিংহাসন
Transliteration: shinghason
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and the Promise of an Eternal Throne
Original: כִּסֵּא
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. The Davidic throne (7:13,16; 23:1-7). সিংহাসন is also freely used of deities’ thrones in Hindu iconography (e.g., Durga’s সিংহাসন); anchor the referent with qualifiers such as ‘দায়ূদের সিংহাসন’ so it is not read as a mythological or devotional divine seat.
Kingdom Davidic
Approved rendering: রাজ্য
Transliteration: rajyo
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and the Promise of an Eternal Throne
Original: מַמְלָכָה
Category: Kingdom
New for 2 Samuel. David’s earthly, historical, dynastic kingdom (7:12,13,16; ch.8; ch.15; ch.20). Must be visibly distinguished from baseline’s ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য (God’s cosmic reign, see kingdom_of_god above) — typologically related, not identical.
Anoint Verb
Approved rendering: অভিষেক করা
Transliteration: ovishek kora
Doctrine: The Messianic Hope Rooted in David’s Line
Original: מָשַׁח
Category: Messianic Hope
New for 2 Samuel. Mashach (מָשַׁח), the ritual act of anointing a king (2:4; 5:3). Render consistently at every royal anointing in the book, the ritual act underlying anointed_one above.
Redeem Historical
Approved rendering: উদ্ধার করা
Transliteration: uddhar kora
Doctrine: The Messianic Hope Rooted in David’s Line
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি (forbidden)
Original: פָּדָה / גָּאַל
Category: Salvation
New for 2 Samuel. Padah/ga’al (פָּדָה/גָּאַל), God’s historic Exodus-deliverance of Israel ‘for himself’ (7:23), cited by David as grounds for confident prayer. NEVER মুক্তি (forbidden per baseline — samsara-liberation association). Keeps this the act of a personal, covenant God, historically prior to but related to the fuller NT পরিত্রাণ.
Lord Of Hosts
Approved rendering: বাহিনীগণের প্রভু
Transliteration: bahinigoner provu
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and the Promise of an Eternal Throne
Rejected alternatives: শক্তির প্রভু (forbidden)
Original: יהוה צְבָאוֹת
Category: God
New for 2 Samuel. YHWH Tzevaot (יהוה צְבָאוֹת), God’s sovereign command of the assembled armies (5:10; ch.6; 7:8). Must NEVER be built on শক্তি-vocabulary (Shakta-goddess association per baseline); বাহিনী (‘hosts/armies’) avoids this entirely.
Prince Nagid
Approved rendering: নেতা / শাসক
Transliteration: neta / shashok
Doctrine: Kingship and Divine Appointment
Rejected alternatives: রাজা (rejected for this sense)
Original: נָגִיד
Category: Kingdom
New for 2 Samuel. Nagid (נָגִיד), a modest, God-appointed leadership title (7:8), distinct from full kingship. Rendering as রাজা blurs an important theological distinction: David’s rule is God-conferred leadership, not self-assumed royalty.
Shepherd Leadership
Approved rendering: পালন করা
Transliteration: palon kora
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and the Promise of an Eternal Throne
Original: רָעָה
Category: Kingdom
New for 2 Samuel. Ra’ah (רָעָה), leadership as caring provision applied to David (7:7). Avoid reducing to bare ‘manage/govern’ — the pastoral-care nuance is doctrinally significant for later Messianic/Good-Shepherd typology (John 10).
Ark Of Covenant
Approved rendering: নিয়ম-সিন্দুক
Transliteration: niyom-sinduk
Doctrine: God’s Holy Presence and the Ark
Rejected alternatives: সিন্দুক (bare, rejected)
Original: אֲרוֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה
Category: Worship
New for 2 Samuel. Aron berit YHWH (אֲרוֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה), the tangible sign of God’s covenant presence (ch.6; 7:2). Built on the established নিয়ম (covenant) term; never a bare, generic সিন্দুক (‘box’), which strips the covenantal identity.
Word Of The Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভুর বাক্য
Transliteration: provur bakyo
Doctrine: Prophetic Word and Revelation
Original: דְּבַר־יהוה
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. Devar YHWH (דְּבַר־יהוה), the technical formula introducing direct prophetic oracle (7:4), distinguishing it from Nathan’s own well-intentioned human counsel in 7:3. Must be rendered identically at every occurrence.
Established Madesure
Approved rendering: স্থাপন করা / দৃঢ়ীকৃত
Transliteration: sthapon kora / dridhikrito
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and the Promise of an Eternal Throne
Original: קום (hif.) / נֶאְמָן
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. Qum (hif.)/ne’eman (קום/נֶאְמָן), the keyword repeated at 5:12; 7:12,13,16. Must use the identical Bengali verb pair every time this root recurs; the covenant’s certainty rests on God’s own faithfulness (etymologically linked to the אמן/আমেন root family), not David’s or Solomon’s performance.
Favor Chen
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: God’s Steadfast Love despite Human Failure
New for 2 Samuel (reuses the grace entry’s Bengali word). Chen (חֵן), relational favor found in someone’s eyes (15:25, David’s plea to find favor before the LORD). Same Bengali word as the NT’s unmerited soteriological grace; a mandatory teaching note at first occurrence must mark the scope difference: OT relational favor vs. NT unmerited salvific grace.
Consecrate Dedicate
Approved rendering: উৎসর্গ করা
Transliteration: utsorgo kora
Doctrine: Divine Justice and Righteous Rule
Original: קדש (hif. הִקְדִּישׁ)
Category: Worship
New for 2 Samuel. Qadash (hif. הִקְדִּישׁ), the one-time dedicatory act of setting apart spoils of war for God (8:11). Distinct from পবিত্রীকরণ (the Spirit’s ongoing sanctifying work) though sharing the same holiness root.
Adultery
Approved rendering: ব্যভিচার
Transliteration: bebhichar
Doctrine: David’s Sin and Repentance
Original: נִאֻף
Category: Sin
New for 2 Samuel. Na’aph (נִאֻף), David’s covenant-breaking sexual sin with Bathsheba (ch.11). Must communicate serious covenant-breaking moral transgression, not a merely social impropriety.
Evil In Sight Of Lord
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের দৃষ্টিতে মন্দ
Transliteration: Ishshorer drishtite mondo
Doctrine: David’s Sin and Repentance
Original: רַע בְּעֵינֵי יהוה
Category: Sin
New for 2 Samuel. Ra be’einei YHWH (רַע בְּעֵינֵי יהוה), the recurring judgment formula (11:27) marking sin as fundamentally an offense against God himself, not merely against the human victims or social convention. Render consistently at every recurrence across the book’s judgment narratives.
Repentance
Approved rendering: অনুতাপ
Transliteration: anutap
Doctrine: David’s Sin and Repentance
Rejected alternatives: প্রায়শ্চিত্ত (forbidden), তওবা (forbidden)
Original: (root חטא) חָטָאתִי לַיהוה
Category: Sin
New for 2 Samuel. David’s contrite confession, ‘I have sinned against the LORD’ (12:13). NEVER প্রায়শ্চিত্ত (implies self-performed ritual/karmic penance earning removal of guilt) nor তওবা (the Islamic-idiom repentance term, parallel to the baseline’s rejection of ঈমান/নাজাত for Islamic-specific theological framing). Both alternatives relocate the ground of forgiveness from God’s initiative to human religious performance.
Atonement
Approved rendering: প্রায়শ্চিত্ত
Transliteration: prayashchitto
Doctrine: Atonement for Bloodguilt
Original: כִּפֵּר
Category: Sin
New for 2 Samuel. Kipper (כִּפֵּר), a God-appointed provision covering national bloodguilt for the house of Saul’s sin against the Gibeonites (21:3). Established Bengali Bible term, but a mandatory translator’s note is required clarifying this is God-appointed and substitutionary, NOT self-earned merit, given the Hindu ritual/karmic-penance association Bengali readers may carry with this word.
Burnt Offering
Approved rendering: হোমবলি
Transliteration: homboli
Doctrine: Atonement for Bloodguilt
Original: עוֹלָה
Category: Worship
New for 2 Samuel. Olah (עוֹלָה), a wholly-consumed atoning sacrifice (ch.24). Established Bengali Bible rendering retained despite হোম carrying a Hindu fire-ritual (homa/havan) association; a translator’s note must distinguish this God-commanded, atoning sacrifice from a Vedic merit-seeking ritual.
God Relents
Approved rendering: ক্ষান্ত হওয়া
Transliteration: khanto howa
Doctrine: God’s Sovereign Relenting in Judgment
Original: נִחַם
Category: Providence
New for 2 Samuel. Nacham (נִחַם), God’s response to intercession in relenting from judgment (24:16). Anthropopathic language that must not imply divine fickleness, error, or a change in God’s righteous character; ties to the inherited providence entry.
Vision Prophetic
Approved rendering: প্রত্যাদিষ্ট দর্শন
Transliteration: prottadishto dorshon
Doctrine: Prophetic Word and Revelation
Rejected alternatives: দর্শন (bare, rejected)
Original: חִזָּיוֹן
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. Chizzayon (חִזָּיוֹן), Nathan’s prophetic vision (7:17). Bare দর্শন is one of the most common Hindu devotional-visual terms in everyday Bengali (temple দর্শন, guru দর্শন) and MUST always be qualified as প্রত্যাদিষ্ট দর্শন (‘revealed vision’). Per the linguistic gap analysis, review routing is escalated to human theologian, above the doctrine risk registry’s baseline Medium/native-speaker assignment.
Medium Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদ
Transliteration: Dayud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Established proper-name form; use throughout all 24 chapters.
Israel
Approved rendering: ইস্রায়েল
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 2 Samuel, the covenant people over whom David reigns (all 24 chapters).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer Rajyo
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বরের দেশ
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Cited here ONLY as a contrast term: this phrase must NEVER be used for David’s earthly political kingdom (see kingdom_davidic below). David’s রাজ্য typologically anticipates, but is not simply identical with, ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য.
Intercession
Approved rendering: মধ্যস্থতা
Transliteration: moddhosthota
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: সুপারিশ
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Applies to David’s intercession for the people during the census plague (24:10-17), which precedes God’s relenting (see god_relents below).
King Melek
Approved rendering: রাজা
Transliteration: raja
Doctrine: Kingship and Divine Appointment
Original: מֶלֶךְ
Category: Kingdom
New for 2 Samuel. Melek (מֶלֶךְ), the full royal office David assumes upon anointing (ch.2,5,8,15). Contrast with the more modest prince_nagid title.
Name Reputation
Approved rendering: নাম
Transliteration: naam
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and the Promise of an Eternal Throne
Original: שֵׁם
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. Shem (שֵׁם), enduring honor/legacy God promises David (7:9,13). Must not lose the honor/legacy dimension; ties to honor-shame cultural sensitivity relevant to both Bengali Hindu and Muslim readers.
Justice Mishpat
Approved rendering: ন্যায়বিচার
Transliteration: nyayobichar
Doctrine: Divine Justice and Righteous Rule
Original: מִשְׁפָּט
Category: Kingdom
New for 2 Samuel. Mishpat (מִשְׁפָּט), right legal governance paired with righteousness in David’s rule (8:15). Pairs with the inherited ধার্মিকতা (righteousness) term in the ‘justice and righteousness’ formula — here the social-governmental sense, not the soteriological/forensic sense.
Forgiveness General
Approved rendering: ক্ষমা
Transliteration: kshama
Doctrine: David’s Sin and Repentance
Original: עָבַר / סָלַח
Category: Sin
New for 2 Samuel. Avar/salach (עָבַר/סָלַח), God’s removal of David’s guilt (12:13). A legitimate general-forgiveness use, distinct from the baseline’s caution against abbreviating justification to bare ক্ষমা — that caution applies to the forensic doctrine, not this narrative-forgiveness context.
Beloved Yedidyah
Approved rendering: প্রিয়
Transliteration: priyo
Doctrine: The Messianic Hope Rooted in David’s Line
Original: יְדִידְיָה
Category: Messianic Hope
New for 2 Samuel. Yedidyah (יְדִידְיָה), Solomon’s second name, ‘beloved of the LORD,’ given after David’s sin (12:25). Quietly ties Solomon, and the Messianic Hope doctrine, to God’s ongoing favor even after judgment; must be retained as a distinct clause, not folded silently into a bare alternate-name mention.
Curse
Approved rendering: অভিশাপ
Transliteration: obhishap
Doctrine: Divine Providence and Sovereign Governance
Original: קָלַל
Category: Providence
New for 2 Samuel. Qalal (קָלַל), Shimei’s curse against David (ch.16). David’s restrained response models trust in ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা rather than a folk-magical view of an efficacious curse-utterance.
Bloodguilt
Approved rendering: রক্তের দোষ
Transliteration: roktero dosh
Doctrine: Consequences of Sin within the Covenant Family
Original: דָּם
Category: Sin
New for 2 Samuel. Dam (דָּם), guilt incurred through unavenged bloodshed, foreshadowed at ch.4 and resolved at ch.21.
Rock Divine Metaphor
Approved rendering: শৈল / দুর্গ
Transliteration: shoilo / durgo
Doctrine: God’s Steadfast Love despite Human Failure
Original: צוּר
Category: God
New for 2 Samuel. Tzur (צוּר), God as unshakeable refuge/fortress in David’s song of deliverance (ch.22-23). Avoid conflation with animist sacred-stone veneration; keep unmistakably poetic/metaphorical.
Plague
Approved rendering: মহামারী
Transliteration: mohamari
Doctrine: Consequences of Sin within the Covenant Family
Original: מַגֵּפָה / דֶּבֶר
Category: Providence
New for 2 Samuel. Magephah/dever (מַגֵּפָה/דֶּבֶר), divine judgment on covenant-family sin via the census plague (ch.24). Must be anchored with explicit divine-agency framing, not read as a purely naturalistic/medical event.
Altar
Approved rendering: বেদি
Transliteration: bedi
Doctrine: Atonement for Bloodguilt
Original: מִזְבֵּח
Category: Worship
New for 2 Samuel. Mizbeach (מִזְבֵּח), a structure built for sacrifice/atonement to the one true God (ch.24). Also used of a Hindu Vedic yajña-altar; context must anchor the referent, e.g. ‘প্রভুর উদ্দেশ্যে বেদি নির্মাণ করলেন.‘
Love Covenant Friendship
Approved rendering: ভালোবাসা / প্রেম
Transliteration: bhalobasha / prem
Doctrine: Covenant Loyalty in Human Relationships
Original: אַהֲבָה
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. Ahavah (אַהֲבָה), the covenantal, loyal friendship-love between David and Jonathan (1:26). Must not read as romantic প্রেম nor flatten into mere political alliance language; distinguish from steadfast_love (chesed) and from generic বন্ধুত্ব (friendship).
Servant Ebed
Approved rendering: দাস
Transliteration: das
Doctrine: Covenant Loyalty in Human Relationships
Original: עֶבֶד
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. Ebed (עֶבֶד), an honorific covenant title for David as God’s servant (7:5); must retain dignity, not servile degradation.
Shame Humiliation
Approved rendering: লজ্জা / অপমান
Transliteration: lojja / opoman
Doctrine: Honor and Shame in Covenant Community
Original: (בשׁת-family)
Category: Sin
New for 2 Samuel. Bosheth-family vocabulary; public humiliation dynamics (10:4-5; ch.13). Handle without sensationalizing or minimizing; unusually salient in both Bengali Hindu and Muslim communal contexts.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: ভাববাদী
Transliteration: bhabbadi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতিষী
Original: נָבִיא
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Nathan (ch.7,12) and Gad (ch.24); God’s authorized spokesman, not a fortune-teller/astrologer.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ভাববাণী
Transliteration: bhabbani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: গণনা
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Applies to the trajectory of Nathan’s oracle (ch.7) as it is later cited and fulfilled (cf. Hebrews 1:5, Luke 1:32-33); distinct from astrological prediction.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: dhonnobad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: (prayer of gratitude, 7:18-29)
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans package exactly. David’s prayer of thanks after the covenant oracle (7:18-29).
Parable
Approved rendering: দৃষ্টান্ত
Transliteration: drishtanto
Doctrine: David’s Sin and Repentance
Original: מָשָׁל
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. Mashal (מָשָׁל), Nathan’s ewe-lamb story confronting David (ch.12); anticipates the NT parable genre.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: প্রজ্ঞা
Transliteration: progya
Doctrine: Kingship and Divine Appointment
Original: חָכְמָה
Category: Kingdom
New for 2 Samuel. Chokmah (חָכְמָה), practical, God-given skill in governance and counsel (ch.14).
Mighty Men
Approved rendering: বীরপুরুষ
Transliteration: birpurush
Doctrine: Kingship and Divine Appointment
Original: גִּבּוֹרִים
Category: Kingdom
New for 2 Samuel. Gibborim (גִּבּוֹרִים), David’s elite warriors (ch.23).
Judges Shophetim
Approved rendering: বিচারকর্তা
Transliteration: bicharkorta
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and the Promise of an Eternal Throne
Original: שֹׁפְטִים
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. Shophetim (שֹׁפְטִים), pre-monarchic tribal leaders referenced as background (7:7); not modern judicial magistrates.
Rest Nuach
Approved rendering: বিশ্রাম
Transliteration: bishram
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and the Promise of an Eternal Throne
Original: נוּח
Category: Covenant
New for 2 Samuel. Nuach (נוּח), the military respite God gives David, the precondition for his temple-building ambition (7:1).
Referenced passages