Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 1 Timothy | English → Bengali
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering all six chapters of 1 Timothy. Terms marked [REUSED] carry forward the exact rendering fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json and must not be altered. New terms are candidates for translation_memory.json v2; each row states the risk tier and the grounded rationale required for Critical/High assignments. This table is the enforcement reference for Phase 2 translation of the 1 Timothy curriculum.
A. Reused Terms from the Romans Baseline (apply exactly as recorded)
| English Term | Greek | Bengali Rendering | Risk | Chapters in 1 Timothy | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | ঈশ্বর | Critical | 1,2,3,4,5,6 | No change from baseline |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | যীশু | Critical | 1,2,3,4,5,6 | No change from baseline |
| Christ | Χριστός | খ্রীষ্ট | Critical | 1,2,3,4,5,6 | No change from baseline |
| Lord | κύριος | প্রভু | Critical | 1,6 | Must never be used for δεσπότης (human master, 6:1-2) |
| Father | πατήρ | পিতা | Critical | 1 | Of God, 1:2 |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | পবিত্র আত্মা | Critical | 3,4 | 3:16, 4:1 |
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | সুসমাচার | High | 1 | 1:11 |
| Grace | χάρις | অনুগ্রহ | High | 1,6 | 1:2,14; 6:21 |
| Faith | πίστις | বিশ্বাস | High | 1-6 | Object must always be specified in context (see 3:13’s anchored form) |
| Law | νόμος | ব্যবস্থা | High | 1 | 1:8-9 |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία | পাপ | High | 1 | 1:9,15 |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | শান্তি | Medium | 1 | 1:2 |
| Glory | δόξα | মহিমা | High | 1,3 | 1:17; 3:16 |
| Church | ἐκκλησία | মণ্ডলী | Medium | 3 | 3:5,15 |
| Gentiles | ἔθνη | পরজাতি | Medium | 2,3 | 2:7; 3:16 |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος | প্রেরিত | Medium | 1,2 | 1:1; 2:7 |
| Holiness/Sanctification | ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω | পবিত্রীকরণ | High | 2,4 | 2:15; 4:5 |
| Intercession | ἔντευξις | মধ্যস্থতা | Medium | 2 | 2:1; noun cognate μεσίτης is a NEW entry, see below |
| Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία | ধন্যবাদ | Low | 2 | 2:1 |
| Spiritual Gifts | χάρισμα | আত্মিক বর | Medium | 4 | 4:14 — retain compound form even for singular occurrence |
| Exhort | παρακαλέω | উৎসাহিত করা | Low | 1 | 1:3 (“as I urged you”) |
| Fellowship (concept) | κοινωνικός (adj.) | সহভাগিতা-related | Low | 6 | 6:18, “ready to share” |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | ধার্মিকতা | Critical | 6 | 6:11 |
B. New Terms Introduced by 1 Timothy
Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal Meaning | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Rationale / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound doctrine | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία (hygiainousa didaskalia) | “healthy teaching” | সুস্থ শিক্ষা | sustho shikkha | High | 1,6 | Medical metaphor (health vs. disease) is the letter’s central diagnostic category for orthodoxy; must be paired consistently with νοσέω (“diseased,” 6:4) |
| Teach a different doctrine | ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω (heterodidaskaleō) | “to teach otherwise” | ভিন্ন শিক্ষা দেওয়া | bhinno shikkha dewa | Medium | 1,6 | Frames the letter’s opening (1:3) and near-closing (6:3) polemical target |
| Myths and endless genealogies | μῦθος καὶ γενεαλογία (mythos kai genealogia) | “fable/story” | উপকথা | upokotha | Medium | 1,4 | Risk of resonance with Puranic myth-narrative vocabulary; must clearly target false teachers’ fabrications, not cast doubt on biblical narrative generally |
| Falsely called knowledge | ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις (pseudōnymos gnōsis) | “knowledge bearing a false name” | ভুলভাবে বলা জ্ঞান / ছদ্মজ্ঞান | bhulvabe bola gyan / chodmo-gyan | Critical | 6 | জ্ঞান (gyan) is the central term of Hindu jñāna-mārga (liberation through esoteric knowledge); an unqualified rendering would invert Paul’s meaning, condemning knowledge itself rather than one falsely-labeled teaching movement. The qualifier must never be dropped. Mandatory translator’s note. |
| Deceitful spirits / teachings of demons | πνεύματα πλάνα, διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων (pneumata plana, didaskaliai daimoniōn) | “wandering/misleading spirits, teachings of demons” | বিভ্রান্তিকর আত্মা, মন্দ আত্মার শিক্ষা | bibhrantikor attha, mondo atthar shikkha | High | 4 | Prefer মন্দ আত্মা over bare ভূত to avoid folk-Hindu/animist “morally ambiguous ghost” collision; must convey personal, God-opposing evil beings |
| Guard the deposit | παραθήκη (parathēkē) | “that which is placed alongside/deposited for safekeeping” | গচ্ছিত ধন (রক্ষা কর) | gochchito dhon (rokkha koro) | High | 6 | Must convey a fixed, complete body of apostolic truth received and faithfully transmitted, not personally evolving discovery; contrast with আমানত (Islamic-idiom “trust/deposit”) noted but not adopted, to keep a neutral commercial-deposit image |
| Depart from the faith | ἀφίστημι τῆς πίστεως (aphistēmi tēs pisteōs) | “to stand away from the faith” | বিশ্বাস থেকে সরে যাওয়া | bishwas theke sore jaowa | High | 4 | Apostasy-warning doctrine; relationship to assurance-of-salvation doctrine requires theologian framing |
| Profane, empty chatter | βέβηλος κενοφωνία (bebēlos kenophōnia) | “unholy empty-voice” | অসার বচন | oshar bochon | Medium | 6 | — |
Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal Meaning | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Rationale / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overseer / office of overseer | ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπή (episkopos/episkopē) | “one who watches over / oversight” | অধ্যক্ষ / অধ্যক্ষ-পদ | odhyokkho / odhyokkho-pod | High | 3 | Office-title choice carries direct ecclesiological weight; must track consistently against πρεσβύτερος |
| Elder | πρεσβύτερος (presbyteros) | “older one” | প্রাচীন | prachin | High | 5 | Disambiguate age-sense (“older man/woman,” 5:1-2) from office-sense (5:17,19); keep office-sense consistent with ἐπίσκοπος |
| Deacon | διάκονος (diakonos) | “servant, attendant” | পরিচারক | porichawrok | High | 3 | Must distinguish the technical office-title use (3:8-13) from generic “servant/minister” uses of the same root elsewhere in the NT; must not sound like a lesser/non-authoritative role |
| Husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα (mias gynaikos andra) | “a one-wife man” | একই স্ত্রীর স্বামী | ekoi stri-r shami | Critical | 3,5 | Polygamy is legally permitted under religious personal law in Bangladesh; interpretive options (monogamy / not-remarried / marital fidelity) must be presented; mandatory theologian review. Also applies to 5:9’s ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή (female parallel) |
| Women/wives (deacons or deacons’ wives) | γυναῖκας (gynaikas), 3:11 | ”women” or “wives” (context-dependent) | স্ত্রীগণ (wives) vs. নারীগণ (women) | strigon / narigon | Critical | 3 | Unresolved by Greek grammar alone; direct, non-reversible consequence for whether women may hold recognized deacon office; must not be resolved silently — requires denominational/theological decision |
| Exercise authority (over) | αὐθεντέω (authenteō) | contested; “have/exercise authority” or “domineer” | কর্তৃত্ব করা (neutral) / প্রভুত্ব করা (negative) | kortritto kora / probhutto kora | Critical | 2 | Rare word (only NT occurrence); lexical choice determines complementarian/egalitarian reading of 2:12; mandatory theologian review |
| Above reproach | ἀνεπίλημπτος (anepilēmptos) | “not able to be seized [by accusation]“ | অভিযোগের অতীত | obhijoger otit | Medium | 3,6 | Public, observable integrity — not sinless perfection |
| Blameless | ἀνέγκλητος (anenklētos) | “not able to be summoned to answer a charge” | নির্দোষ | nirdosh | Medium | 3 | Distinct Greek word from ἀνεπίλημπτος though near-synonymous; note the lexical variation |
| Manage/lead (household or church) | προΐστημι (proistēmi) | “to stand at the head of” | পরিচালনা করা | porichalona kora | Medium-High | 3,5 | Must be consistent across household (3:4,12) and church-elder (5:17) uses to preserve Paul’s analogy |
| Household | οἶκος (oikos) | “house, household” | গৃহ / পরিবার | griho / paribar | Medium | 3 | Extends from literal household (3:4-5,12) to “household of God” (3:15) |
| Submission | ὑποταγή (hypotagē) | “subjection, being placed under” | বশ্যতা | boshshota | High | 2,3 | Keep lexically distinct from বাধ্যতা (obedience-of-faith, baseline); must not sanction domination |
| Recent convert / novice | νεόφυτος (neophytos) | “newly planted” | নতুন বিশ্বাসী | notun bishwasi | High | 3 | REJECT নবদীক্ষিত — দীক্ষা is the Hindu/Buddhist guru-initiation term; would recast conversion as initiation rite |
| Puffed up with conceit | τυφόω (typhoō) | “wrapped in smoke, clouded” | অহংকারে স্ফীত হওয়া | ahongkare sphito howa | Medium | 3,6 | — |
| The devil (proper title, Satan) | διάβολος (diabolos) | “slanderer, accuser” | শয়তান / দিয়াবল | shoytan / diyabol | Critical | 1,3 | Must denote the personal spiritual adversary; shared loanword with Bengali Muslim usage is acceptable here since both traditions affirm a personal evil being |
| Slanderer (common noun) | διάβολος (diabolos, common-noun sense) | “one who slanders” | নিন্দুক / অপবাদক | ninduk / opobadok | High | 3 | Same Greek word as above (3:6-7) but MUST use a different Bengali word at 3:11 to avoid implying women are called “devils” |
| Snare of the devil | παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου (pagis tou diabolou) | “hunter’s trap of the devil” | শয়তানের ফাঁদ | shoytaner phad | High | 3 | Personal-Satan sense, not generic “temptation” |
| Good reputation with outsiders | μαρτυρία καλὴ ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν (martyria kalē apo tōn exōthen) | “good testimony from those outside” | বহিরাগতদের কাছে সুখ্যাতি | bohiragoto-der kachhe shukkhyati | Medium-High | 3 | Outward-facing, not merely internal-church metric |
| Disgrace / shame | ὄνειδος (oneidos) | “reproach, disgrace” | অপমান | opoman | Medium | 3 | Resonates with Bengali honor-shame culture |
| Double-tongued | δίλογος (dilogos) | “saying two things” | দ্বিমুখী | dwimukhi | Medium | 3 | Integrity-of-speech, linked to fund-handling trust |
| Greedy for [dishonest] gain | αἰσχροκερδής (aischrokerdēs) | “shameful-gain [seeking]“ | অসৎ লাভের লোভী | oshot labher lobhi | High | 3 | Linked to deacon fund-handling and 6:10’s φιλαργυρία theme |
| Tested/examined | δοκιμάζω (dokimazō) | “to test, prove genuine” | পরীক্ষা করা | porikkha kora | Low-Medium | 3 | Implies ongoing observed vetting, not one-time exam |
| Good standing | βαθμὸς καλός (bathmos kalos) | “a good step/rank” | উত্তম পদমর্যাদা | uttom podomorjada | Medium-High | 3 | Must not imply merit-earned promotion; God-given recognition |
| Confidence/boldness | παρρησία (parrēsia) | “all-speech, freedom of speech” | সাহস | shahosh | Medium | 3 | Distinct from, though resonant with, assurance-of-salvation doctrine |
| Laying on of hands | ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν (epithesis tōn cheirōn) | “a placing-upon of hands” | হস্তার্পণ | hostarpon | High | 4 | Structural resemblance to guru/pir blessing-touch practices; must clarify commissioning/affirming act, not power-transfer ritual |
| Council of elders | πρεσβυτέριον (presbyterion) | “body of elders” | প্রাচীনবর্গ | prachin-borgo | Medium | 4 | Collective-noun form, distinct from individual πρεσβύτερος |
| Widow | χήρα (chēra) | “widow” | বিধবা | bidhoba | Medium | 5 | No lexical alternative; primary risk is cultural/pastoral (Bengali Hindu widow-stigma history), not lexical — teach as deliberate contrast |
| Honor / double honor | τιμή / διπλῆ τιμή (timē/diplē timē) | “esteem, value” / “double honor” | সম্মান / দ্বিগুণ সম্মান | shomman / digun shomman | Medium-High | 5 | Implies material financial support for teaching elders, not respect alone |
| Rebuke publicly | ἐνώπιον πάντων ἔλεγχε (enōpion pantōn elegche) | “expose/convict before all” | সকলের সামনে তিরস্কার কর | shokoler samne tiroshkar koro | Medium-High | 5 | High honor/shame weight; frame as safeguard against favoritism, not humiliation |
| Pure/chaste | ἁγνός (hagnos) | “pure, chaste” | বিশুদ্ধ | bishuddho | Medium | 5 | Keep distinguishable from পবিত্র (holy, baseline) |
Christ as the One Mediator
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal Meaning | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Rationale / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mediator | μεσίτης (mesitēs) | “one who stands in the middle” | মধ্যস্থ (একমাত্র মধ্যস্থ) | moddhostho (ekmatro moddhostho) | Critical | 2 | Must convey Christ’s SOLE mediatorship against folk-Islamic pir/saint-shrine intercession, folk-Catholic saint intercession, and Hindu guru/avatar intermediary traditions; always collocate with “একমাত্র” (only/sole) |
| Ransom | ἀντίλυτρον (antilytron) | “a ransom-price paid in exchange” | মুক্তিপণ | muktipon | High | 2 | Contains root মুক্তি (CRITICALLY forbidden for “salvation”); mandatory translator’s note distinguishing this fixed idiom (payment-for-release image) from Hindu moksha-liberation soteriology; পরিত্রাণ remains the term for the resulting salvation state |
| Testimony | μαρτύριον (martyrion) | “testimony, witness” | সাক্ষ্য | sakkhyo | Low | 2 | — |
| Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | “one who saves, deliverer” | ত্রাণকর্তা | tranokorta | High | 1,2,4 | Established Christian term (stabilized by tradition like ঈশ্বর) despite Vaishnava-bhakti “world-savior” epithet background; always anchor explicitly to God/Christ, never leave as a bare honorific |
| Savior of all people, especially believers | σωτὴρ πάντων ἀνθρώπων μάλιστα πιστῶν (4:10) | — | সকল মানুষের ত্রাণকর্তা, বিশেষভাবে বিশ্বাসীদের | — | High | 4 | Universal-particular tension must not be flattened toward either universalism or dropping “of all people” |
| Manifested in the flesh | ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί (ephanerōthē en sarki) | “was made visible/revealed in flesh” | মাংসে প্রকাশিত হলেন | mangshe prokashito holen | Critical | 3 | Must be anchored to baseline’s দেহধারণ (incarnation) doctrine; must not drift toward অবতার-style repeatable-manifestation vocabulary |
| Vindicated by the Spirit | ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι (edikaiōthē en pneumati) | “was declared right/vindicated by [the] Spirit” | আত্মার দ্বারা ন্যায্য প্রতিপন্ন হলেন | attha-r dara nyajjo protipnno holen | High | 3 | Distinct from believer’s justification-by-faith (ধার্মিক বলে গণ্য হওয়া, baseline Critical); applies uniquely to Christ |
| Appearing (of Christ’s return) | ἐπιφάνεια (epiphaneia) | “a shining-forth, manifestation” | প্রকাশ | prokash | High | 6 | Must be distinguished from দেহধারণ (first incarnation) and from অবতার (forbidden repeatable-descent concept); single, final, future visible return |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων | — | রাজাধিরাজ ও প্রভুদের প্রভু | rajadhiraj o provuder provu | Critical | 6 | Builds on baseline’s Critical প্রভু; asserts Christ’s absolute supremacy over every rival authority |
| Only Sovereign | μόνος δυνάστης (monos dynastēs) | “only ruler/potentate” | একমাত্র সার্বভৌম | ekmatro sharbovoumo | Medium | 6 | Avoid শক্তি-adjacent vocabulary (Shakta-Hindu goddess-power association, per baseline) |
| Immortality | ἀθανασία (athanasia) | “deathlessness” | অবিনশ্বরতা | obinoshshorota | High | 6 | REJECT অমরত্ব — collides with Hindu amrita/deva-immortality mythology implying shared or substance-derived immortality among many beings |
Public Worship and Prayer
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal Meaning | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Rationale / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prayers, petitions, intercessions, thanksgivings | προσευχή, δέησις, ἔντευξις, εὐχαριστία | fourfold prayer vocabulary | প্রার্থনা, নিবেদন, মধ্যস্থতা, ধন্যবাদ | prarthona, nibedon, moddhosthota, dhonnobad | Medium | 2 | Distinguish from Hindu puja ritual-worship and folk-shrine intercession-seeking (baseline “prayer_and_intercession” doctrine) |
| Modest apparel | καταστολή κοσμίῳ μετ’ αἰδοῦς καὶ σωφροσύνης | ”respectable clothing, with modesty and self-control” | শালীন পোশাক | shalin poshak | Medium | 2 | Culturally live topic in both Hindu- and Muslim-majority contexts; native-speaker sensitivity required |
| Deceived (of Eve) | ἀπατάω (apataō) | “to deceive” | প্রতারিত হওয়া | protarito howa | Medium | 2 | Avoid implying general doctrine of women’s greater deceivability beyond the specific historical referent |
| Saved through childbearing | σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας (2:15) | contested; several major interpretive options | (rendering contingent on interpretive option chosen) | — | Critical | 2 | Must never imply salvation-by-works-of-childbirth; mandatory theologian review regardless of interpretive option chosen |
The Church as Pillar of Truth
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal Meaning | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Rationale / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Household of God | οἶκος θεοῦ (oikos theou) | “house of God” | ঈশ্বরের পরিবার | Ishshorer paribar | Medium | 3 | Climax of the household-management qualification argument (3:1-13) |
| Church of the living God | ἐκκλησία θεοῦ ζῶντος | — | জীবন্ত ঈশ্বরের মণ্ডলী | jibonto Ishshorer mondoli | Medium | 3 | ”Living God” qualifier carries apologetic force against inert-image (murti) worship |
| Pillar and foundation of the truth | στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας (stylos kai hedraiōma tēs alētheias) | “pillar and support/buttress of the truth” | সত্যের স্তম্ভ ও ভিত্তি | shottyer stombho o bhitti | High | 3 | Must convey church as custodian/display-structure of revealed truth, NOT its source/origin (avoid displacing Scripture’s authority) |
| Mystery of the faith / mystery of godliness | μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως / τῆς εὐσεβείας | ”hidden-thing [now revealed] of the faith/godliness” | বিশ্বাসের/ভক্তির নিগূঢ়তত্ত্ব | bishwasher/bhoktir nigurhotattwo | High | 3 | Must be marked as OPENLY REVEALED truth, not ongoing esoteric secret (contra Hindu tantric-secret-knowledge and Sufi bāṭin frames) |
Godliness and Contentment
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal Meaning | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Rationale / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Godliness | εὐσέβεια (eusebeia) | “reverent piety” | ঈশ্বরভক্তি | Ishwar-bhokti | High | 2,3,4,6 | Bare ভক্তি risks generic Hindu bhakti-devotion reading; compounding with ঈশ্বর- anchors it exclusively to the true God (structurally parallel to how the baseline stabilized ঈশ্বর itself). REJECT ধর্মপরায়ণতা (reintroduces forbidden ধর্ম root) |
| Contentment / self-sufficiency | αὐτάρκεια (autarkeia) | “self-sufficiency” (Stoic term, redirected by Paul) | সন্তুষ্টি | sontushti | High | 6 | Distinguish biblical contentment-through-trust-in-God from Stoic self-reliant detachment; anchor term for this named doctrine |
| Love of money | φιλαργυρία (philargyria) | “love of silver/money” | অর্থলোভ | ortholobh | High | 6 | Must render consistently with 3:3’s ἀφιλάργυρος (অর্থলোভহীন) to preserve cross-chapter link |
| A root of all evils | ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν (rhiza pantōn tōn kakōn) | “a root of all the evils” | সমস্ত ধরনের অশুভের একটি মূল | shomosto dhoroner oshuv-er ekti mul | High | 6 | ”A root” (not necessarily “the only root”) — avoid overstated absolute claim |
| Godliness imagined as a means of gain | πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν | — | ঈশ্বরভক্তিকে লাভের উপায় মনে করা | — | High | 6 | Sharp warning against prosperity-style teaching; relevant to NGO/ministry-funding context |
| Train for godliness | γύμναζε σεαυτὸν πρὸς εὐσέβειαν | ”exercise yourself toward godliness” | ভক্তির জন্য নিজেকে অনুশীলন কর | bhoktir jonno nijeke onushilon koro | High | 4 | Inherits εὐσέβεια’s risk profile |
| Sound words / teaching according to godliness | ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι, διδασκαλία κατ’ εὐσέβειαν | — | সুস্থ বচন, ঈশ্বরভক্তির অনুরূপ শিক্ষা | — | High | 6 | Godliness functions as the practical test for detecting sound vs. false doctrine |
Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Literal Meaning | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Rationale / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Widow | χήρα (chēra) | “widow” | বিধবা | bidhoba | Medium | 5 | See qualifications table above — cultural/pastoral risk, not lexical |
| Wife of one husband (widow qualification) | ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή (henos andros gynē) | “a one-husband woman” | একই স্বামীর স্ত্রী | ekoi shami-r stri | High | 5 | Female parallel to μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα; same interpretive-options complexity |
| Enrolled (on the widow list) | καταλέγω (katalegō) | “to put on a list” | তালিকাভুক্ত করা | talikabhukto kora | Low-Medium | 5 | Implies formal, criteria-based church roll |
| Self-indulgent | σπαταλάω (spatalaō) | “to live wantonly/luxuriously” | ভোগবিলাসী | bhogbilashi | Low-Medium | 5 | — |
| Idle, gossip, busybody | ἀργός, φλύαρος, περίεργος | — | অলস, পরনিন্দাকারী, অতিরিক্ত হস্তক্ষেপকারী | — | Low-Medium | 5 | — |
| Slaves/bondservants; masters | δοῦλος; δεσπότης | ”slave/owned servant”; “absolute owner” | দাস; মালিক | das; malik | High | 6 | মালিক must never be confused with প্রভু (divine Lord, baseline Critical); requires cultural-historical teaching note on slavery/bonded-labor sensitivity |
Guarding the Deposit of Faith (cross-reference)
See “Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching” table above for παραθήκη, ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις, and related terms — this doctrine’s key vocabulary is fully documented there to avoid duplication.
C. Terms Explicitly Reviewed and Confirmed as No New Vocabulary
None. Every chapter of 1 Timothy (1 through 6) contributes at least one new load-bearing term beyond the Romans baseline, as documented above; no chapter is silently omitted.
D. Consolidated Critical-Risk Term List (Mandatory Human Theologian Review)
- μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα / ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή (husband/wife of one spouse) — 3:2,12; 5:9
- γυναῖκας (3:11 — wives or women deacons)
- αὐθεντέω (2:12 — exercise authority / domineer)
- σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας (2:15 — saved through childbearing)
- μεσίτης (2:5 — the one Mediator)
- ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις (6:20 — falsely called knowledge)
- διάβολος as proper title (1:20; 3:6-7 — the devil/Satan)
- ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί (3:16 — manifested in the flesh)
- βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων (6:15 — King of kings, Lord of lords)
- τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον (3:16 — the mystery of godliness, combined High+High term)
End of core glossary. Cross-reference 07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-level and chapter-level discussion of every entry above.
Critical Risk Terms
Christ
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (baseline key ‘messiah’). NEVER মশীহ outside outreach materials explicitly scoped for Muslim-background readers.
Exercise Authority
Approved rendering: কর্তৃত্ব করা / প্রভুত্ব করা (pending mandatory theologian decision)
Transliteration: kortritto kora / probhutto kora
Doctrine: Women in Church Leadership
Original: αὐθεντέω
Category: Church Leadership
New term. αὐθεντέω (2:12), a rare NT hapax legomenon with contested lexical range: neutral ‘exercise authority’ vs. negative ‘domineer/usurp authority.’ Lexical choice directly determines the complementarian/egalitarian reading of the verse. Mandatory human theologian review; final rendering follows the destination church body’s exegetical position, never a default AI choice.
Falsely Called Knowledge
Approved rendering: ভুলভাবে বলা জ্ঞান / ছদ্মজ্ঞান
Transliteration: bhulvabe bola gyan / chodmo-gyan
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: জ্ঞান (bare, unqualified)
Original: ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις
Category: Sound Doctrine
New term. ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις (6:20). জ্ঞান is the central technical term of Hindu jñāna-mārga (liberation through esoteric knowledge); the qualifier (‘falsely called’/‘pseudo-’) must NEVER be dropped, or the verse inverts Paul’s meaning into a condemnation of knowledge itself. Mandatory translator’s note and mandatory theologian review on every occurrence.
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: God the Father
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকর্তা
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:2.
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Monotheism and the Nature of God
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ভগবান or আল্লাহ.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্র আত্মা
Transliteration: Pobitro Attha
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্ম, পরমাত্মা
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 3:16; 4:1. NEVER ব্রহ্ম or পরমাত্মা; must remain personal, never impersonal mood or prophetic impulse.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: একই স্ত্রীর স্বামী
Transliteration: ekoi stri-r shami
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα
Category: Church Leadership
New term. μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα (3:2,12). Bangladesh’s Muslim-majority personal-law framework permits polygamy; Bengali Hindu custom historically tolerated some plural/serial unions. Three interpretive options (monogamy / not-remarried / marital fidelity) must be presented; mandatory human theologian review required on every occurrence, including the female parallel at 5:9 (see wife_of_one_husband).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: দেহধারণ
Transliteration: dehodharon
Doctrine: Incarnation and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: অবতার, দেহ প্রকাশ
Inherited from Romans package. Anchor term for 3:16’s ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί (see new term ‘manifested_in_the_flesh’ below); every hymn-fragment rendering of that event must be explicitly cross-referenced to this fixed term. NEVER অবতার.
Jesus
Approved rendering: যীশু
Transliteration: Jishu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঈসা
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ঈসা.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: রাজাধিরাজ ও প্রভুদের প্রভু
Transliteration: rajadhiraj o provuder provu
Doctrine: Lordship and Supremacy of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων
Category: Christology
New term. βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων (6:15). Builds directly on the baseline’s Critical প্রভু term; asserts Christ’s absolute supremacy over every rival ruler, deity, or authority claim, religious or political.
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:2,12,14; 6:14-15. Must NEVER be used for δεσπότης (human master/slaveowner, 6:1-2, rendered মালিক) — keep the two lexically and doctrinally separate.
Manifested In The Flesh
Approved rendering: মাংসে প্রকাশিত হলেন
Transliteration: mangshe prokashito holen
Doctrine: Incarnation and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: অবতার-adjacent phrasing
Original: ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί
Category: Christology
New term. ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί (3:16). Must be explicitly cross-referenced to the baseline’s fixed incarnation term দেহধারণ so readers recognize this hymn fragment as the identical once-for-all doctrine, not a repeatable divine ‘manifestation’ in the অবতার sense (CRITICALLY forbidden).
Mediator
Approved rendering: একমাত্র মধ্যস্থ
Transliteration: ekmatro moddhostho
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: মধ্যস্থ (bare, without একমাত্র), পীর-adjacent vocabulary, গুরু-adjacent vocabulary
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Christology
New term. μεσίτης (2:5). Must convey Christ’s SOLE mediatorship, directly confronting folk-Islamic Sufi-pir/shrine intercession, folk-Catholic saint intercession, and Hindu guru/avatar intermediary traditions. একমাত্র is mandatory, never optional decoration; never leave as bare মধ্যস্থ.
Mystery Of Godliness
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরভক্তির নিগূঢ়তত্ত্ব
Transliteration: Ishwarbhoktir nigurhotattwo
Doctrine: Incarnation and Deity of Christ
Original: τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον
Category: Christology
New term. τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον (3:16), the introductory title for the christological hymn. Combines two independently High-risk terms (ঈশ্বরভক্তি and নিগূঢ়তত্ত্ব); a combined translator’s note is required so both terms’ careful anchoring is preserved simultaneously.
Only God
Approved rendering: একমাত্র ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: ekmatro Ishshor
Doctrine: Monotheism and the Nature of God
Original: μόνος θεός
Category: God
New term. μόνος θεός (1:17). Direct monotheistic affirmation; must not be softened in a religiously plural context where an ‘one god among many’ reading could otherwise be assumed.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ধার্মিকতা
Transliteration: dharmikota
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, পুণ্য, ন্যায়
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 6:11 in the flee/pursue virtue list. NEVER ধর্ম.
Salvation
Approved rendering: পরিত্রাণ
Transliteration: poritran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:15; 2:4; 4:16. NEVER মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, or নাজাত. Must remain lexically distinct from মুক্তিপণ’s root (see new term ‘ransom’).
Saved Through Childbearing
Approved rendering: (pending mandatory theologian review — do not resolve by default)
Transliteration: sōthēsetai dia tēs teknogonias
Doctrine: Gender Roles in Worship and Teaching
Rejected alternatives: পরিত্রাণ পাবে সন্তান জন্ম দেওয়ার মাধ্যমে (unqualified works-implying rendering, rejected)
Original: σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας
Category: Worship
New term. σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας (2:15). Major interpretive options: (a) kept safe through the ordeal of childbirth; (b) ‘the childbearing’ = the incarnation/Messiah’s birth; (c) sanctified domestic faithfulness. Must never imply salvation-by-works-of-childbirth, which would collide with the baseline’s Critical grace-vs-merit distinction. Mandatory human theologian review and explanatory note required regardless of interpretive option chosen.
The Devil
Approved rendering: শয়তান / দিয়াবল
Transliteration: shoytan / diyabol
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: διάβολος (proper title)
Category: Church Leadership
New term. διάβολος as proper title (1:20; 3:6-7). Shared Perso-Arabic-root loanword with Bengali Muslim usage — acceptable here since both traditions affirm a personal evil being — but must not drift into a merely metaphorical ‘bad influence.’ CRITICAL: the identical Greek lexeme recurs as an ordinary common noun (‘slanderer’) at 3:11 and MUST be rendered with a visibly different Bengali word there (see slanderer_common_noun).
Women Deacons Or Wives
Approved rendering: স্ত্রীগণ / নারীগণ (pending mandatory theologian decision)
Transliteration: strigon / narigon
Doctrine: Women in Church Leadership
Original: γυναῖκας
Category: Church Leadership
New term. γυναῖκας (3:11), ambiguous accusative plural of γυνή. Koine grammar alone cannot resolve ‘their wives’ vs. ‘women [deacons].’ Direct, non-reversible consequence for whether curriculum materials teach a recognized female deacon office; must never be resolved silently by translation automation — requires explicit human theologian review and a translator’s note presenting both readings, with final wording following the destination church body’s polity position.
High Risk Terms
Appearing Of Christ
Approved rendering: প্রকাশ
Transliteration: prokash
Doctrine: The Second Coming of Christ
Rejected alternatives: অবতার-adjacent phrasing
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Eschatology
New term. ἐπιφάνεια (6:14). Must be clearly distinguished from দেহধারণ (the first incarnation, a different event) and, above all, from অবতার (CRITICALLY forbidden repeatable-descent concept); names a single, final, future visible return of the already-incarnate Christ.
Blaspheme
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরনিন্দা করা
Transliteration: Ishshor-ninda kora
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: βλασφημέω / βλάσφημος
Category: Sound Doctrine
New term. βλασφημέω / βλάσφημος (1:13,20). A legally and socially loaded word in a Muslim-majority context (Bangladesh has blasphemy-adjacent legal provisions); teaching material referencing Paul’s self-description as a former blasphemer requires cultural-awareness framing, though the Bengali rendering itself is an established Christian term.
Contentment
Approved rendering: সন্তুষ্টি
Transliteration: sontushti
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Ethics
New term. αὐτάρκεια (6:6). The Greek term’s Stoic philosophical background (self-sufficiency through one’s own reason/virtue) is near-opposite the biblical sense (contentment through trust in God’s provision, cf. 6:7-8); translator’s note required.
Deacon
Approved rendering: পরিচারক
Transliteration: porichawrok
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: সেবক, দাস
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church Leadership
New term. διάκονος (3:8-13). Must be distinguished from generic ‘servant/minister’ uses of the same Greek root elsewhere in the NT; must not sound like a lesser or purely administrative role, since deacons here meet qualification standards nearly identical to overseers.
Deceitful Spirits Teachings Of Demons
Approved rendering: বিভ্রান্তিকর আত্মা, মন্দ আত্মার শিক্ষা
Transliteration: bibhrantikor attha, mondo atthar shikkha
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ভূত
Original: πνεύματα πλάνα, διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων
Category: Sound Doctrine
New term. πνεύματα πλάνα, διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων (4:1). NEVER render δαιμόνιον with folk-vocabulary ভূত, which risks collision with animist/folk-Hindu belief in morally ambiguous ghosts; মন্দ আত্মা preserves the sense of personal, God-opposing evil beings.
Depart From The Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাস থেকে সরে যাওয়া
Transliteration: bishwas theke sore jaowa
Doctrine: Apostasy and Perseverance in the Faith
Original: ἀφίστημι τῆς πίστεως
Category: Sound Doctrine
New term. ἀφίστημι τῆς πίστεως (4:1; cf. 1:19-20’s ‘shipwrecked’ faith). Apostasy-warning statement; must not be silently merged into, nor unsettle, the baseline’s Assurance of Salvation doctrine — requires theologian framing.
Elder
Approved rendering: প্রাচীন
Transliteration: prachin
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership
New term. πρεσβύτερος. Disambiguate the generic age-sense (‘older man/woman,’ 5:1-2, rendered বয়স্ক ব্যক্তি/মহিলা contextually) from the technical office-sense (5:17,19); office-sense must track consistently with অধ্যক্ষ.
Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাস
Transliteration: bishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ঈমান, শ্রদ্ধা
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Object or referent must always be specified in context; distinguish saving trust (1:2,19; 3:13) from ‘the faith’ as a body of doctrine (1:19; 4:1; 6:10,12) and from ordinary human trustworthiness (3:11’s πιστάς).
Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:17 (doxology) and 3:16 (hymn’s closing line, ‘taken up in glory’). NEVER তেজ/জ্যোতি as primary rendering.
Godliness As Gain
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরভক্তিকে লাভের উপায় মনে করা
Transliteration: Ishwarbhoktike labher upay mone kora
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν
Category: Ethics
New term. πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν (6:5). Extremely pointed warning given the visible link between some Bengali Christian institutional presence and NGO/development funding flows; must be foregrounded, not softened, in teaching material on ministry motive.
Godliness
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরভক্তি
Transliteration: Ishwar-bhokti
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: ভক্তি (bare), ধর্মপরায়ণতা
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Ethics
New term. εὐσέβεια (2:2,10; 3:16; 4:7-8; 6:3,5-6,11) — the letter’s positive ethical center and anchor term for the named curriculum doctrine. Bare ভক্তি is the central term of Bengali Bhakti devotional tradition (personal devotion to a chosen deity such as Krishna, Kali, or Durga); compounding with ঈশ্বর- anchors devotion exclusively to the true God. REJECT ধর্মপরায়ণতা, which reintroduces the CRITICALLY forbidden ধর্ম root.
Good Confession
Approved rendering: উত্তম স্বীকার
Transliteration: uttom shikar
Doctrine: Lordship and Supremacy of Christ
Original: καλὴ ὁμολογία
Category: Christology
New term. καλὴ ὁμολογία (6:12-13). Should be kept in visible continuity with the baseline’s fixed rendering of the Romans 10:9 confession pattern (যীশু প্রভু), since both describe the same category of public, costly confession of allegiance to Christ.
Good Standing
Approved rendering: উত্তম পদমর্যাদা
Transliteration: uttom podomorjada
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: βαθμὸς καλός
Category: Church Leadership
New term. βαθμὸς καλός (3:13). Must not imply church office is a ladder of merit-earned promotion, which would collide with the baseline’s Critical grace-vs-merit distinction; this standing is God-given recognition flowing from faithful service.
Gospel
Approved rendering: সুসমাচার
Transliteration: susomachar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: খুশ খবর, ইঞ্জিল
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:11 (‘the gospel of the blessed God, with which I have been entrusted’). No change from baseline.
Grace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:2,14; 6:21. Must preserve the grace-not-merit contrast that pervades this letter’s leadership and ministry-motive teaching.
Greedy For Dishonest Gain
Approved rendering: অসৎ লাভের লোভী
Transliteration: oshot labher lobhi
Doctrine: The Love of Money
Original: αἰσχροκερδής
Category: Church Leadership
New term. αἰσχροκερδής (3:8). Must be rendered consistently with 6:10’s φιλαργυρία warning (see love_of_money) so the cross-chapter anti-money-love polemic is traceable; the ‘dishonest/shameful’ qualifier, not money-handling itself, is the object of prohibition.
Guard The Deposit
Approved rendering: গচ্ছিত ধন
Transliteration: gochchito dhon
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: আমানত, উত্তরাধিকার
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Sound Doctrine
New term. παραθήκη (6:20). Must convey a fixed, complete body of apostolic truth received and faithfully transmitted, not augmented or personally reinterpreted. আমানত rejected to avoid importing the specific Islamic amanah legal-relational frame; উত্তরাধিকার rejected because it wrongly suggests something the recipient may grow or alter.
Handed Over To Satan
Approved rendering: শয়তানের হাতে সমর্পণ করা
Transliteration: shoytaner hate shomorpon kora
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: παραδίδωμι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Church Leadership
New term. παραδίδωμι τῷ Σατανᾷ (1:20), a church-discipline act against Hymenaeus and Alexander. Must be taught as a corrective act of judgment aiming at repentance, not a magical curse or occult act, given the risk of confusion with folk-Bengali exorcism/curse practices found in both animist-folk-Hindu and folk-Islamic milieus.
Holy
Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Original: ἅγιος / ὅσιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Also covers ὅσιος’s closely related devout/pious nuance at 2:8 (‘holy hands’). NEVER শুচি/নির্মল as primary gloss.
Immortality
Approved rendering: অবিনশ্বরতা
Transliteration: obinoshshorota
Doctrine: Monotheism and the Nature of God
Rejected alternatives: অমরত্ব
Original: ἀθανασία
Category: God
New term. ἀθανασία (6:16); apply the same অবিনশ্বর- root consistently at 1:17’s ἄφθαρτος-adjacent doxology for internal consistency. REJECT অমরত্ব: carries strong Hindu amrita/deva-immortality mythological associations implying shared or substance-derived immortality among many divine beings, directly at odds with God’s exclusive, inherent immortality.
Law
Approved rendering: ব্যবস্থা
Transliteration: bebostha
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, শরিয়ত, নিয়ম
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:8-9; ‘the law is good if used lawfully’ nuance must be preserved in this letter’s distinct pastoral-ethical argument. NEVER ধর্ম or শরিয়ত.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: হস্তার্পণ
Transliteration: hostarpon
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Ordination
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Church Leadership
New term. ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν (4:14). Structurally resembles guru-blessing touch practices in Hindu tradition and baraka-transfer via a Sufi pir’s touch in folk Islam; must be taught as a commissioning/affirming act recognizing an already-present Spirit-given gift, not a magical transfer of spiritual power through physical contact.
Love Of Money
Approved rendering: অর্থলোভ
Transliteration: ortholobh
Doctrine: The Love of Money
Original: φιλαργυρία
Category: Ethics
New term. φιλαργυρία (6:10), noun form corresponding to 3:3’s ἀφιλάργυρος disqualification (see below). Must be rendered consistently at 3:3 and 6:10 so the cross-chapter warning is traceable; ‘a root’ (not ‘THE only root’) nuance should be preserved or footnoted to avoid an overstated, easily-refuted absolute claim.
Manage Household
Approved rendering: পরিচালনা করা
Transliteration: porichalona kora
Doctrine: Household Management as a Test of Church Leadership
Original: προΐστημι
Category: Church Leadership
New term. προΐστημι (3:4,12; 5:17). Must be rendered consistently across household and church-elder contexts so Paul’s household-competence-proves-church-fitness analogy remains visible to Bengali readers.
Mystery Of The Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাসের নিগূঢ়তত্ত্ব
Transliteration: bishwasher nigurhotattwo
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως
Category: Sound Doctrine
New term. μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως (3:9). নিগূঢ়তত্ত্ব risks a Hindu tantric/esoteric-knowledge or Sufi bāṭin (hidden-meaning) frame; mandatory translator’s note clarifying this ‘mystery’ is now openly proclaimed to all, not a private secret reserved for spiritual elites.
Not A Lover Of Money
Approved rendering: অর্থলোভহীন
Transliteration: ortholobhhin
Doctrine: The Love of Money
New term. ἀφιλάργυρος (3:3), overseer disqualification. Must be rendered consistently with 6:10’s অর্থলোভ (φιλαργυρία) so Bengali readers see the thematic link between elder qualification and the letter’s larger anti-money-love polemic.
Overseer
Approved rendering: অধ্যক্ষ
Transliteration: odhyokkho
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: বিশপ, তত্ত্বাবধায়ক
Original: ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπή
Category: Church Leadership
New term. ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπή (3:1-2,7). Office-title choice carries direct ecclesiological consequence for Bengali church polity; must be rendered consistently alongside elder (প্রাচীন) so their relationship (5:17) is visible.
Pillar And Foundation
Approved rendering: সত্যের স্তম্ভ ও ভিত্তি
Transliteration: shottyer stombho o bhitti
Doctrine: Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: সত্যের মূল উৎস
Original: στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Church
New term. στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας (3:15). Must convey the church as custodian and display-structure of revealed truth, NOT truth’s source or origin (which would displace Scripture’s own authority). সত্যের মূল উৎস (‘original source of truth’) rejected for exactly this reason. Minor secondary note: স্তম্ভ has mild resonance with Hindu temple-pillar/axis-mundi imagery, a point of contact rather than collision.
Ransom
Approved rendering: মুক্তিপণ
Transliteration: muktipon
Doctrine: Ransom and Atonement
Original: ἀντίλυτρον
Category: Christology
New term. ἀντίλυτρον (2:6). The unavoidable everyday Bengali word for ‘ransom’ visibly contains the root মুক্তি, CRITICALLY forbidden elsewhere for ‘salvation’ due to its Hindu moksha/liberation-from-rebirth connotation. Mandatory translator’s note confining মুক্তিপণ to the payment-for-release image only; পরিত্রাণ remains the term for the resulting salvation state.
Recent Convert
Approved rendering: নতুন বিশ্বাসী
Transliteration: notun bishwasi
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: নবদীক্ষিত
Original: νεόφυτος
Category: Church Leadership
New term. νεόφυτος (3:6). REJECT নবদীক্ষিত: দীক্ষা is the specific Hindu/Buddhist technical term for formal guru-disciple or monastic initiation, which would recast Christian conversion as a guru-initiation rite rather than new birth in Christ.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: পবিত্রীকরণ
Transliteration: pobitrikoron
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুদ্ধিকরণ
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:15 (contested, see saved_through_childbearing) and 4:5 (creation-gifts such as food).
Savior
Approved rendering: ত্রাণকর্তা
Transliteration: tranokorta
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: রক্ষাকর্তা
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
New term. σωτήρ (1:1; 2:3; 4:10). Established Bengali Christian term, stabilized by translation tradition despite Vaishnava-bhakti devotional address of Krishna/Vishnu as world-savior; always anchor explicitly to God/Christ in context, never leave as a bare honorific. 4:10’s universal-particular tension (‘Savior of all people, especially of believers’) must not be flattened toward universalism nor toward dropping ‘of all people.‘
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:9,15 (as ἁμαρτωλός, ‘sinners’).
Slanderer Common Noun
Approved rendering: নিন্দুক / অপবাদক
Transliteration: ninduk / opobadok
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: শয়তান/দিয়াবল (form-based reuse, rejected)
Original: διάβολος (common noun)
Category: Church Leadership
New term. διάβολος, common-noun sense, applied to the women of 3:11’s list. A mechanically consistent one-to-one rendering with 3:6-7’s ‘the devil’ would wrongly suggest the women are being called devils; sense-based, not form-based, equivalence is required, with a translator’s note explaining the Greek wordplay.
Slave Master
Approved rendering: দাস / মালিক
Transliteration: das / malik
Doctrine: Slavery, Masters, and Social Order
Original: δοῦλος / δεσπότης
Category: Household and Family
New term. δοῦλος / δεσπότης (6:1-2). মালিক must never be confused with, nor rendered by, প্রভু (the baseline’s Critical divine-Lordship term for Christ). Requires a cultural-historical teaching note: Scripture does not sanction any contemporary form of bonded labor or human trafficking (a documented regional problem), yet the passage is not merely irrelevant ancient history — its principle of mutual honor and service ‘as to the Lord’ remains directly applicable.
Snare Of The Devil
Approved rendering: শয়তানের ফাঁদ
Transliteration: shoytaner phad
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Church Leadership
New term. παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου (3:7). Personal-Satan sense; must not be flattened into a generic metaphor for ‘temptation in general.‘
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: সুস্থ শিক্ষা
Transliteration: sustho shikkha
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: সঠিক শিক্ষা, খাঁটি শিক্ষা
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Sound Doctrine
New term. ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία, ‘healthy teaching’ — Paul’s medical metaphor, the letter’s central diagnostic category (1:10; 6:3). Must be paired consistently with a disease-term for false teaching at 6:4 so the health/disease metaphor is preserved, not flattened into a bare correct/incorrect binary.
Submission
Approved rendering: বশ্যতা
Transliteration: boshshota
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ὑποταγή
Category: Church Leadership
New term. ὑποταγή (2:11; 3:4). Must be kept lexically distinct from বাধ্যতা, which the Romans baseline reserves for faith-flowing obedience; বশ্যতা must not be rendered so strongly as to sanction domination/abuse, nor so weakly as to lose the relational-order concept.
Vindicated By The Spirit
Approved rendering: আত্মার দ্বারা ন্যায্য প্রতিপন্ন হলেন
Transliteration: attha-r dara nyajjo protipnno holen
Doctrine: Incarnation and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ধার্মিক বলে গণ্য হওয়া (unmodified reuse, rejected)
Original: ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι
Category: Christology
New term. ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι (3:16). Uses the same δικαιόω root as the baseline’s Critical justification term but applies uniquely to Christ; a distinct Bengali phrase avoids implying Christ needed to be ‘justified from sin’ in the believer’s sense. Mandatory translator’s note.
Wife Of One Husband
Approved rendering: একই স্বামীর স্ত্রী
Transliteration: ekoi shami-r stri
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή
Category: Household and Family
New term. ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή (5:9), the female parallel to husband_of_one_wife, applied here as a marital-history qualification for widows to be enrolled for church support. Carries the identical interpretive-options complexity; requires the same theologian-review flag.
Medium Risk Terms
Above Reproach
Approved rendering: অভিযোগের অতীত
Transliteration: obhijoger otit
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἀνεπίλημπτος
Category: Church Leadership
New term. ἀνεπίλημπτος (3:2; conceptually paired with ἄσπιλος at 6:14). Observable public integrity, not sinless perfection.
Apostle
Approved rendering: প্রেরিত
Transliteration: prerito
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: দূত, বার্তাবাহক
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:1; 2:7. Distinguish from a generic guru/spiritual-guide role.
Blameless
Approved rendering: নির্দোষ
Transliteration: nirdosh
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church Leadership
New term. ἀνέγκλητος (3:10, of deacons after testing). Distinct Greek word from ἀνεπίλημπτος though near-synonymous; note the deliberate lexical variation even where Bengali renderings converge.
Church Of The Living God
Approved rendering: জীবন্ত ঈশ্বরের মণ্ডলী
Transliteration: jibonto Ishshorer mondoli
Doctrine: Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: ἐκκλησία θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Church
New term. ἐκκλησία θεοῦ ζῶντος (3:15). The ‘living God’ qualifier carries apologetic force against Hindu murti (image) worship, where the image is understood by most worshipers as inert until ritually consecrated.
Church
Approved rendering: মণ্ডলী
Transliteration: mondoli
Doctrine: Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: মন্দির, গির্জা
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 3:5,15. Given fresh theological weight in this letter as ‘household of God’ and ‘pillar of truth’ (see household_of_god, pillar_and_foundation below).
Command Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের আদেশ
Transliteration: Ishshorer adesh
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἐπιταγή θεοῦ
Category: Sound Doctrine
New term. ἐπιταγή θεοῦ (1:1). Reinforces that Paul’s apostolic authority, and by extension the letter’s church-order instructions, is not self-derived but divinely mandated.
Confidence Boldness
Approved rendering: সাহস
Transliteration: shahosh
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: παρρησία
Category: Church Leadership
New term. παρρησία (3:13). Distinct from, though resonant with, the baseline’s Assurance of Salvation doctrine; here confidence is a fruit of faithful service, not the ground of salvation.
Conscience
Approved rendering: বিবেক
Transliteration: bibek
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sound Doctrine
New term. συνείδησις (1:5,19; 3:9; 4:2). Low-collision, cross-traditional Bengali term for moral conscience; the specifically Christian sense (conscience cleansed through faith in Christ) must be anchored by context, not read as an innate moral sense or dharma-formed conscience.
Council Of Elders
Approved rendering: প্রাচীনবর্গ
Transliteration: prachin-borgo
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Ordination
Original: πρεσβυτέριον
Category: Church Leadership
New term. πρεσβυτέριον (4:14). Collective-noun form, distinct from the individual office-title πρεσβύτερος.
Deceived Of Eve
Approved rendering: প্রতারিত হওয়া
Transliteration: protarito howa
Doctrine: Gender Roles in Worship and Teaching
Original: ἀπατάω
Category: Worship
New term. ἀπατάω (2:14). Must not imply a general doctrine of women’s greater susceptibility to deception beyond the specific historical referent.
Disgrace Shame
Approved rendering: অপমান
Transliteration: opoman
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ὄνειδος
Category: Church Leadership
New term. ὄνειδος (3:7). Resonates strongly with Bengali honor-shame culture; must not be moralized into shame-based control language.
Double Tongued
Approved rendering: দ্বিমুখী
Transliteration: dwimukhi
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: δίλογος
Category: Church Leadership
New term. δίλογος (3:8). Speech-integrity qualification tied to a deacon’s likely handling of church benevolence funds and confidential pastoral matters.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: অনন্ত জীবন
Transliteration: ononto jibon
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
New term. ζωὴ αἰώνιος (1:16; 6:12,19). Must be distinguished from any notion of an eternal cycle of rebirths, consistent with the baseline’s forbidding of পুনর্জন্ম for ‘resurrection.‘
Gentiles
Approved rendering: পরজাতি
Transliteration: porojati
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: বিদেশী
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:7; 3:16.
Good Reputation With Outsiders
Approved rendering: বহিরাগতদের কাছে সুখ্যাতি
Transliteration: bohiragoto-der kachhe shukkhyati
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: μαρτυρία καλὴ ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν
Category: Church Leadership
New term. μαρτυρία καλὴ ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν (3:7). Must not be softened into a purely internal-church metric; carries honor/shame weight in both Bengali Hindu and Muslim social contexts.
Honor Double Honor
Approved rendering: সম্মান / দ্বিগুণ সম্মান
Transliteration: shomman / digun shomman
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: τιμή / διπλῆ τιμή
Category: Household and Family
New term. τιμή / διπλῆ τιμή (5:3,17). 5:17-18’s pairing with ‘the laborer deserves his wages’ strongly implies material financial support for teaching elders, not respect alone; a purely honorific rendering risks losing this practical support-of-ministers doctrine.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পরিবার
Transliteration: Ishshorer paribar
Doctrine: Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: οἶκος θεοῦ
Category: Church
New term. οἶκος θεοῦ (3:15). Climax of the household-management qualification argument (3:1-13).
Household
Approved rendering: গৃহ / পরিবার
Transliteration: griho / paribar
Doctrine: Household Management as a Test of Church Leadership
Original: οἶκος
Category: Church Leadership
New term. οἶκος (3:4-5,12), extended to ‘the household of God’ (3:15, see household_of_god). The extension from literal household to God’s household must remain traceable.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: অক্ষয়
Transliteration: okkhoy
Doctrine: Monotheism and the Nature of God
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: God
New term. ἄφθαρτος (1:17). Related-but-distinct concept from ἀθανασία (6:16, see immortality); keep the two distinguishable in Bengali where possible, though both occur in doxological contexts about God’s unique nature.
Intercession
Approved rendering: মধ্যস্থতা
Transliteration: moddhosthota
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: সুপারিশ
Original: ἔντευξις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:1 (ἔντευξις). Noun-cognate of মধ্যস্থ (mediator, see new Critical term ‘mediator’ below); keep the prayer-act lexically distinguishable from the mediatorial office.
Invisible
Approved rendering: অদৃশ্য
Transliteration: odrisyo
Doctrine: Monotheism and the Nature of God
Original: ἀόρατος
Category: God
New term. ἀόρατος (1:17). Carries real apologetic force in a culture where Hindu worship commonly uses visible murti representations of deity; implicitly stands against image-based devotion.
King Of The Ages
Approved rendering: অনন্তকালের রাজা
Transliteration: ononto-kaler raja
Doctrine: Monotheism and the Nature of God
Original: βασιλεὺς τῶν αἰώνων
Category: God
New term. βασιλεὺς τῶν αἰώνων (1:17). Distinct from ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য (Kingdom of God, baseline Medium term); here a doxological title for God’s eternal sovereignty, not the missional kingdom concept.
Mercy
Approved rendering: করুণা
Transliteration: koruna
Doctrine: God the Father
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
New term. ἔλεος (1:2), part of Paul’s greeting triad with grace and peace. Should be kept lexically distinct from অনুগ্রহ (grace, unmerited favor toward the guilty) so the Pauline triad (grace, mercy, peace) is not flattened into synonyms.
Modest Apparel
Approved rendering: শালীন পোশাক
Transliteration: shalin poshak
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: καταστολή κοσμίῳ μετ’ αἰδοῦς καὶ σωφροσύνης
Category: Worship
New term. καταστολή κοσμίῳ μετ’ αἰδοῦς καὶ σωφροσύνης (2:9). Culturally live topic in both Hindu- and Muslim-majority contexts; requires native-speaker sensitivity in application notes.
Myths And Genealogies
Approved rendering: উপকথা
Transliteration: upokotha
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: μῦθος καὶ γενεαλογία ἀπέραντος
Category: Sound Doctrine
New term. μῦθος καὶ γενεαλογία ἀπέραντος (1:4; cf. 4:7). Risk of resonance with Bengali পুরাণকথা (Puranic myth-narrative) vocabulary; must clearly target the false teachers’ fabricated speculation, not cast doubt on biblical narrative or genealogy generally.
Only Sovereign
Approved rendering: একমাত্র সার্বভৌম
Transliteration: ekmatro sharbovoumo
Doctrine: Lordship and Supremacy of Christ
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি-adjacent vocabulary
Original: μόνος δυνάστης
Category: God
New term. μόνος δυνάστης (6:15). Avoid শক্তি-adjacent vocabulary per the baseline’s power_of_god entry (Shakta-Hindu goddess-power association).
Peace
Approved rendering: শান্তি
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: সুখ, স্বস্তি
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:2, epistolary greeting.
Prayer Vocabulary Set
Approved rendering: প্রার্থনা, নিবেদন, মধ্যস্থতা, ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: prarthona, nibedon, moddhosthota, dhonnobad
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: পূজা
Original: προσευχή, δέησις, ἔντευξις, εὐχαριστία
Category: Worship
New term (fourfold set). προσευχή, δέησις, ἔντευξις, εὐχαριστία (2:1). NEVER পূজা (Hindu ritual-offering worship) for any of these four; must be distinguished from folk-shrine intercession-seeking practices.
Profane Empty Chatter
Approved rendering: অসার বচন
Transliteration: oshar bochon
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: βέβηλος κενοφωνία
Category: Sound Doctrine
New term. βέβηλος κενοφωνία (6:20).
Puffed Up With Conceit
Approved rendering: অহংকারে স্ফীত হওয়া
Transliteration: ahongkare sphito howa
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: τυφόω
Category: Church Leadership
New term. τυφόω (3:6; 6:4). Metaphor from ‘wrapped in smoke’; keep consistent across both occurrences.
Pure Chaste
Approved rendering: বিশুদ্ধ
Transliteration: bishuddho
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἁγνός
Category: Church Leadership
New term. ἁγνός (5:22). Should be kept lexically distinguishable from পবিত্র (holy, baseline) so the different, related Greek terms remain traceable.
Rebuke Publicly
Approved rendering: সকলের সামনে তিরস্কার কর
Transliteration: shokoler samne tiroshkar koro
Doctrine: Elder Accountability and Church Discipline
Original: ἐνώπιον πάντων ἔλεγχε
Category: Church Leadership
New term. ἐνώπιον πάντων ἔλεγχε (5:20). Carries significant honor/shame weight in Bengali culture; must be framed as a safeguard against favoritism toward leaders (v.21), not sanctioned public humiliation.
Sinner
Approved rendering: পাপী
Transliteration: papi
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
New term. ἁμαρτωλός (1:9,15). Ensure পাপী is not softened toward a merely social or ritual-impurity sense; 1:15 (‘Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, of whom I am the foremost’) is a key personal-testimony verse.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: আত্মিক বর
Transliteration: attik bor
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Ordination
Rejected alternatives: বর, আশীর্বাদ
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 4:14 (χάρισμα, singular). Retain compound form even for this singular occurrence; বর alone risks a folk-Hindu deity-boon reading.
Teach Different Doctrine
Approved rendering: ভিন্ন শিক্ষা দেওয়া
Transliteration: bhinno shikkha dewa
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω
Category: Sound Doctrine
New term. ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω, ‘to teach otherwise.’ Frames the letter’s opening (1:3) and near-closing (6:3) polemical target; render identically at both occurrences.
Tested Examined
Approved rendering: পরীক্ষা করা
Transliteration: porikkha kora
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: δοκιμάζω
Category: Church Leadership
New term. δοκιμάζω (3:10). Should read as observed testing over time, not a one-time formal exam.
Widow
Approved rendering: বিধবা
Transliteration: bidhoba
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: χήρα
Category: Household and Family
New term. χήρα (5:3-16, occurring sixteen times, the chapter’s central term). বিধবা is the universal, unavoidable Bengali term across Hindu, Muslim, and Christian communities; the significant risk is cultural/pastoral (historic Bengali Hindu widow-stigma and restricted-remarriage custom), not lexical.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: উৎসাহিত করা
Transliteration: utshahito kora
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:3 (‘as I urged you’).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: সহভাগিতা
Transliteration: shohobhagita
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: বন্ধুত্ব
Original: κοινωνικός
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 6:18 (κοινωνικός, ‘ready to share’).
Testimony
Approved rendering: সাক্ষ্য
Transliteration: sakkhyo
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: μαρτύριον
Category: Christology
New term. μαρτύριον (2:6).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: dhonnobad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2:1.
Referenced passages