Core Glossary
Deuteronomy Core Glossary — English → Bengali
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the core passage (Deuteronomy 6:1-9) and every chapter of the book (1-34). Terms already fixed in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json are marked REUSED and must never be re-rendered differently. New terms proposed for this curriculum use the same Critical/High/Medium/Low risk framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json and should be added to a Deuteronomy-specific translation memory extension before Phase 2 begins.
Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 9 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 24 | Human theologian (mandatory) |
| Medium | 25 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 9 | Automated review |
Master Glossary Table
| # | Term (English) | Original (Heb / LXX Greek) | Literal Meaning | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Chapters | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | commandment | מִצְוָה / ἐντολή | that which is enjoined | আদেশ | adesh | Medium | Covenant Renewal | 1, 5, 6, 8, 30 | আজ্ঞা acceptable classical alt. |
| 2 | statutes | חֻקִּים / δικαιώματα | inscribed decrees | বিধি | bidhi | High | Covenant Renewal | 1, 4, 5, 6 | Collides with Hindu vidhi ritual-injunction category; needs personal-God clarifying note |
| 3 | rules/judgments | מִשְׁפָּטִים / κρίματα | verdicts | শাসন (paired: বিধি ও শাসন) | shashon | Medium | Covenant Renewal | 1, 4, 5, 6 | Keep fixed idiomatic pair with বিধি |
| 4 | LORD (YHWH, covenant name) | יהוה / κύριος | the self-existent covenant name | সদাপ্রভু | Sodaprobhu | Critical | Shema; all doctrines | Every chapter | NEW vs. baseline. Must stay distinct from প্রভু (baseline “lord,” used of Christ) and ঈশ্বর (God/Elohim, generic) |
| 5 | God (Elohim) | אֱלֹהִים | God, deity (title) | ঈশ্বর | Ishshor | Critical | All | Every chapter | REUSED from baseline exactly |
| 6 | hear (Shema) | שָׁמַע / ἄκουε | hear = also “obey/heed” | শোনা / শোন | shona/shono | High | The Shema and Exclusive Love | 6, 9, 27, 28, 30 | Dual hear+obey sense not automatic in Bengali; requires teaching note |
| 7 | one | אֶחָד / εἷς | one; unified (allows compound unity) | এক | ek | Critical | The Shema and Exclusive Love | 6, 32 | Collides with Islamic tawhid (strict indivisibility) and Advaita Brahman (impersonal non-duality); mandatory clarifying note required |
| 8 | love (of God) | אָהַב / ἀγαπάω | covenantal, willed devotion | ভালোবাসা (verb); প্রেম (noun, poetic contexts) | bhalobasha / prem | High | The Shema and Exclusive Love; Obedience Motivated by Love | 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 30 | Risk of recasting as bhakti-style emotional devotion rather than obedience-producing loyalty |
| 9 | heart | לֵבָב / καρδία | seat of will/mind, not just emotion | হৃদয় | hridoy | Medium | The Shema | 6, 10, 30 | Bengali leans emotional; needs will/mind gloss |
| 10 | soul | נֶפֶש / ψυχή | the whole living self | প্রাণ | pran | High | The Shema | 6 | Collides with Hindu prāṇa (subtle vital energy) distinct concept |
| 11 | might/strength | מְאֹד / δύναμις | utmost capacity | সামর্থ্য | shamorthyo | High | The Shema | 6 | REUSES baseline strategy for power of God; NEVER শক্তি (Shakta goddess-power association) |
| 12 | teach diligently | שָׁנַן (Piel) / προβιβάζω | to sharpen/repeat into | যত্নসহকারে শিক্ষা দেওয়া | jotnoshohokare shikkha deoa | Medium-High | The Shema | 6 | Distinguish from rote memorization-performance culture (hifz-style) |
| 13 | sign | אוֹת / σημεῖον | visible mark/token | চিহ্ন | chinho | Medium | The Shema | 6, 13 | — |
| 14 | frontlets | טוֹטָפֹת / (descriptive) | forehead bands | কপালে বাঁধা চিহ্ন | kopale bandha chinho | High | The Shema | 6 | Collides with Hindu tilak / Muslim ta’wiz amulet imagery; not a protective charm |
| 15 | doorposts | מְזוּזֹת / φλιαί | doorframes | দরজার চৌকাঠ | dorjar chowkath | High | The Shema | 6 | Collides with folk protective door-markings; not a talisman |
| 16 | gates | שְׁעָרִים / πύλαι | town gates | নগর-দ্বার | nogor-dwar | Low | The Shema | 6 | — |
| 17 | possess/inherit (land) | יָרַשׁ / κληρονομέω | take possession, dispossess | অধিকার করা | odhikar kora | Medium | Choosing Life; Covenant Renewal | 1, 2, 3 | Avoid nationalist-entitlement framing |
| 18 | rest | מְנוּחָה / κατάπαυσις | cessation, resting place | বিশ্রাম | bishram | Medium | Remembering Redemption | 3 | Not liberative rest from rebirth-cycle |
| 19 | carved image / idol | פֶּסֶל / γλυπτόν | manufactured cult object | মূর্তি / প্রতিমা | murti / protima | Critical | Warnings Against Idolatry | 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 27, 29 | Exact standard term for Hindu deity image; concept-match is deliberate, requires pastoral/theological framing note |
| 20 | form/likeness | תְּמוּנָה / ὁμοίωμα | shape, form | রূপ/আকৃতি | rup/akriti | Medium | Warnings Against Idolatry | 4 | — |
| 21 | jealous (God) | קַנָּא / ζηλωτής | zealously exclusive | ঈর্ষাপরায়ণ ঈশ্বর | irshaparayon Ishshor | High | Warnings Against Idolatry; The Shema | 4, 32 | Not petty envy; zealous covenant protection |
| 22 | city of refuge | מִקְלָט / πόλις φυγαδευτήριον | legal-protection city | আশ্রয় নগর | ashroy nogor | Medium | — | 4, 19 | Distinguish spelling/sound from আশ্রম (religious retreat) |
| 23 | covenant | בְּרִית / διαθήκη | relational binding bond | নিয়ম | niyom | High | Covenant Renewal | 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 17, 26, 28, 29 | REUSED from baseline exactly |
| 24 | Sabbath | שַׁבָּת / σάββατον | cessation, rest day | বিশ্রামবার | bishrambar | Medium | — | 5 | Distinguish Mosaic 7th-day command from Christian Sunday practice |
| 25 | adultery | נָאַף / μοιχεύω | marital unfaithfulness | ব্যভিচার | bebhichar | Medium | — | 5 | — |
| 26 | covet | חָמַד / ἐπιθυμέω | strong illicit desire | লোভ করা | lobh kora | Medium | — | 5 | Cross-ref Romans 7:7 (same verb, LXX) |
| 27 | redeem/redemption | פָּדָה, גָּאַל / λυτρόω, ῥύομαι | buy back, deliver | উদ্ধার করা | uddhar kora | High | Remembering God’s Redemption | 6, 7, 9, 13, 15, 24 | Typological forerunner of পরিত্রাণ (salvation); do not fully collapse categories |
| 28 | house of slavery | בֵּית עֲבָדִים / οἴκου δουλείας | Egypt as bondage-house | দাসত্বের গৃহ | dashotto-r griho | Low-Medium | Remembering God’s Redemption | 6 | — |
| 29 | treasured possession | עַם סְגֻלָּה / λαὸς περιούσιος | specially valued people | বিশেষ প্রজা | bishesh proja | High | Obedience Motivated by Love not Merit | 7 | KEY textual anchor for grace-not-merit doctrine; cross-ref baseline অনুগ্রহ, ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন |
| 30 | detestable thing | תּוֹעֵבָה / βδέλυγμα | abomination | ঘৃণ্য বস্তু | ghrinyo bostu | Medium-High | Warnings Against Idolatry | 7 | Broad semantic range; render contextually |
| 31 | remember | זָכַר / μνημονεύω | active covenant recollection | স্মরণ করা | sroron kora | High | Remembering God’s Redemption | 8, 9, 15, 16, 24 | Collides with Hindu smṛti tradition-category; clarify as response to God’s own acts |
| 32 | forget | שָׁכַח / ἐπιλανθάνομαι | covenant amnesia | ভুলে যাওয়া | bhule jaoa | Medium | Remembering God’s Redemption | 8 | Paired antonym of remember |
| 33 | humble / test | עָנָה, נָסָה / ταπεινόω, πειράζω | discipline, trial | নত করা / পরীক্ষা করা | noto kora / porikkha kora | Medium | Remembering God’s Redemption | 8, 13 | Cross-ref Matt 4:4 |
| 34 | stiff-necked/stubborn | קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף / σκληροτράχηλος | hard of neck | একগুঁয়ে / ঘাড়-ত্যাড়া | eguñe / ghar-tyaṛa | Medium | Warnings Against Idolatry | 9, 31 | — |
| 35 | righteousness (denied as merit-basis) | צְדָקָה / δικαιοσύνη | right standing | ধার্মিকতা | dharmikota | Critical | Obedience Motivated by Love not Merit | 9 | REUSED from baseline exactly; NEVER ধর্ম |
| 36 | wrath | אַף, חָרוֹן / ὀργή | righteous judicial anger | ক্রোধ | krodh | High | Warnings Against Idolatry | 9, 29 | Not capricious deity-temper (contra folk-Hindu deity-rage narratives) |
| 37 | circumcise (heart) | מוּל (metaphorical) / περιτέμνω | inward removal of resistance | হৃদয়ের ত্বকচ্ছেদ | hridoyer tôkchhedon | Critical | Obedience Motivated by Love not Merit | 10, 30 | NEVER সুন্নত (Islamic identity-rite term) |
| 38 | sojourner/resident alien | גֵּר / προσήλυτος, πάροικος | resident non-Israelite | প্রবাসী | probashi | Medium | — | 10, 24 | Distinct from baseline পরজাতি (gentiles/nations) |
| 39 | blood | דָּם / αἷμα | life-carrying substance | রক্ত | rôktô | Medium-High | Remembering God’s Redemption | 12 | Foundational to atonement theology; cross-ref Romans 3:25 |
| 40 | false prophet | נָבִיא/חֹלֵם חֲלוֹם / ψευδοπροφήτης | deceptive prophetic claimant | ভণ্ড ভাববাদী | bhondo bhabbadi | Medium-High | — | 13 | Discernment ≠ miracle-performance alone |
| 41 | sign or wonder | אוֹת וּמוֹפֵת / σημεῖον καὶ τέρας | miraculous confirmation | চিহ্ন ও অলৌকিক কাজ | chinho o oloukik kaj | Medium | — | 13 | Does not alone validate a message |
| 42 | clean/unclean | טָהוֹר / טָמֵא / καθαρός/ἀκάθαρτος | ceremonial purity categories | শুচি / অশুচি | shuchi / oshuchi | Medium | — | 14 | Distinct domain from পবিত্র (moral holiness, baseline) |
| 43 | release (sabbatical) | שְׁמִטָּה / ἄφεσις | debt/bond cancellation | অব্যাহতির বছর | obbyahoti-r bochor | High | — | 15 | Caution vs. baseline’s forbidden মুক্তি (salvation); economic sense only |
| 44 | Passover | פֶּסַח / πάσχα | deliverance festival | নিস্তারপর্ব | nistarparbo | Medium | Remembering God’s Redemption | 16 | Established Bengali Christian term |
| 45 | Feast of Weeks | שָׁבֻעוֹת / ἑβδομάδων | 7-week festival | সাত-সপ্তাহের পর্ব | shat-shoptaher porbo | Low | — | 16 | — |
| 46 | Feast of Booths | סֻכּוֹת / σκηνῶν | dwelling-in-tents festival | কুটির-পর্ব | kutir-porbo | Medium | — | 16 | Avoid harvest-festival syncretism |
| 47 | king | מֶלֶךְ / βασιλεύς | monarch, subordinate to Law | রাজা | raja | Medium | — | 17 | Not a divine-king figure |
| 48 | judge | שֹׁפֵט / κριτής | adjudicator | বিচারক | bichôrok | Low | — | 17 | — |
| 49 | witness | עֵד / μάρτυς | legal testifier | সাক্ষী | shakkhi | Low-Medium | — | 17, 19, 31, 32 | — |
| 50 | prophet | נָבִיא / προφήτης | God’s spokesperson | ভাববাদী | bhabbadi | Low | — | 13, 18, 34 | REUSED from baseline exactly |
| 51 | prophet like Moses | נָבִיא כָּמֹנִי / προφήτην ὡσαύτως ἐμοί | future singular prophetic mediator | মোশির মতো ভাববাদী | Moshir moto bhabbadi | Critical | The Coming Prophet like Moses | 18, 34 | Islamic apologetic collision (claims fulfillment in Muhammad); mandatory note anchoring Acts 3:22-26/Christ |
| 52 | devote to destruction (ban) | חֵרֶם / ἀνάθεμα | total dedication/destruction | সম্পূর্ণরূপে ধ্বংস করা | shomporurupe dhongsho kora | High | — | 7, 20 | Bounded redemptive-historical judgment, not a violence template |
| 53 | atone/atonement | כִּפֵּר / ἐξιλάσκομαι | God-provided covering of guilt | প্রায়শ্চিত্ত করা | prayashchitto kora | Critical | Remembering God’s Redemption | 21, 32 | Inverse of Hindu self-directed karmic penance; cross-ref Romans 3:25 |
| 54 | cursed…hung on a tree | קִלְלַת אֱלֹהִים / κατάρα θεοῦ | public shame-curse marker | (see “curse,” below) | — | High | — | 21 | Cross-ref Galatians 3:13, substitutionary atonement typology |
| 55 | interest/usury | נֶשֶׁךְ / τόκος | loan-interest | সুদ | shud | Medium | — | 23 | Common ground w/ Islamic riba-prohibition |
| 56 | levirate marriage duty | יִבֵּם / ἐπιγαμβρεύω | brother’s-widow marriage duty | দেবরের বিবাহ-প্রথা | debor-er bibaho-protha | Medium | — | 25 | No Bengali cultural equivalent; needs footnote |
| 57 | firstfruits | רֵאשִׁית, בִּכּוּרִים / ἀπαρχή | first of the harvest | প্রথম ফল | prothom phol | Medium | — | 26 | Avoid Nabanna-festival conflation |
| 58 | tithe | מַעֲשֵׂר / δεκάτη | tenth-part offering | দশমাংশ | doshomangsho | Medium | — | 14, 15, 26 | Distinct from Hindu dan / Islamic zakat mechanics |
| 59 | declare/confess | עָנָה וְאָמַר / ἀποκριθήσῃ καὶ ἐρεῖς | ritual spoken confession | স্বীকার করা | shikar kora | Medium-High | Covenant Renewal | 26 | Cross-ref Romans 10:9-10 confession pattern |
| 60 | altar | מִזְבֵּח / θυσιαστήριον | sacrifice-place | বেদি | bedi | High | — | 12, 27 | Avoid যজ্ঞবেদি (explicit Vedic yajna ritual term) |
| 61 | blessing | בְּרָכָה / εὐλογία | covenant favor/provision | আশীর্বাদ | ashirbad | High | Blessings and Curses of the Covenant | 11, 27, 28, 30, 33 | Not a magical/merit-transactional boon |
| 62 | curse | קְלָלָה, אָרוּר / κατάρα | covenant judicial sanction | অভিশাপ | obhishap | High | Blessings and Curses of the Covenant | 11, 21, 27, 28, 29, 30 | Not folk-sorcery malediction (তুক্কা/বান) |
| 63 | covenant renewal (compound) | (theological title, cf. 29:1) | re-ratification of covenant | নিয়ম পুনর্নবীকরণ | niyom punornobikoron | Medium-High | Covenant Renewal | 29 | Fixed doctrinal-title phrase; root নিয়ম REUSED |
| 64 | choose (human moral choice) | בָּחַר / αἱρέω, ἐκλέγομαι | responsive covenant decision | বেছে নেওয়া | bechhe neoa | High | Choosing Life over Death | 30 | Deliberately distinct from ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন (divine election, baseline) |
| 65 | life | חַיִּים / ζωή | covenant flourishing | জীবন | jibon | Medium | Choosing Life over Death | 30 | Not moksha-style liberated existence |
| 66 | death | מָוֶת / θάνατος | covenant curse-finality | মৃত্যু | mrityu | Medium-High | Choosing Life over Death | 30 | Not a station within samsara cycle |
| 67 | word near you, in mouth/heart | (30:11-14) / ῥῆμα ἐγγύς σού ἐστιν | accessible covenant word | (context-fixed rendering) | — | Critical | Choosing Life over Death | 30 | MUST match Romans 10:6-8 rendering exactly in companion curriculum — flagged for cross-document consistency review |
| 68 | be strong and courageous | חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ / ἴσχυε καὶ ἀνδρίζου | encouragement formula | দৃঢ় ও সাহসী হও | dridho o shahoshi hoo | Low-Medium | — | 31 | — |
| 69 | Rock (divine title) | צוּר / θεός (LXX smoothed) | unshakeable refuge | শৈল | shoilo | Medium | — | 32 | AVOID দুর্গ (phonetic proximity to Durga) |
| 70 | vengeance | נָקָם / ἐκδίκησις | God’s sole judicial prerogative | প্রতিশোধ | protishodh | High | — | 32 | Cross-ref Romans 12:19; not personal vendetta model |
| 71 | face to face | פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים / πρόσωπον κατὰ πρόσωπον | unique Mosaic intimacy with God | মুখোমুখি | mukhomukhi | Medium-High | The Coming Prophet like Moses | 34 | Cross-ref John 1:18, Hebrews 1:1-2 |
| 72 | law (general) | תּוֹרָה / νόμος | Mosaic instruction | ব্যবস্থা | bebostha | High | Covenant Renewal | throughout | REUSED from baseline exactly; NEVER তৌরাত (Qur’anic-idiom loanword) |
| 73 | Israel | יִשְׂרָאֵל / Ἰσραήλ | covenant people | ইস্রায়েল | Israel | Medium | The Shema; Unity doctrines | throughout | REUSED from baseline exactly |
| 74 | priest | כֹּהֵן / ἱερεύς | Levitical mediator | যাজক | yajok | High | — | 10, 17, 18, 21, 26, 31 | NEVER পুরোহিত (Hindu Brahmin priest term) |
| 75 | Levite | לֵוִי / Λευίτης | tribe set apart for service | লেবীয় | lebio | Low | — | 10, 12, 14, 17, 18, 26, 31, 33 | Proper name/tribe; transliterate |
| 76 | slave/servant | עֶבֶד / δοῦλος | bonded person | দাস | das | Medium-High | — | 5, 6, 15, 16, 23, 24 | Bhakti “das” (devotee-servant) collision; clarify covenant sense |
| 77 | other gods / gods (pagan) | אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים / θεοὶ ἕτεροι | false deities | দেবতা (never for the true God) | debota | High | Warnings Against Idolatry | 4-13, 17, 28-32 | Must stay lexically distinct from ঈশ্বর at all times |
| 78 | worship/serve (idols) | עָבַד, הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה / λατρεύω, προσκυνέω | cultic devotion/service | উপাসনা করা | upasona kora | Critical | Warnings Against Idolatry | 4-13, 29-32 | NEVER পূজা (the exact Hindu ritual-worship term) for either idols or the true God’s worship — establish উপাসনা as the neutral term reserved for legitimate worship, contextually distinguished from idol-service |
| 79 | high place | בָּמָה / βωμός | Canaanite cultic site | উচ্চস্থান | uccho-sthan | Medium | Warnings Against Idolatry | 12 | — |
| 80 | sacred pillar/pole | אֲשֵׁרָה, מַצֵּבָה / ἄλσος, στήλη | Canaanite fertility cult object | আশেরা-স্তম্ভ | Ashera-stombho | High | Warnings Against Idolatry | 7, 12, 16 | Resonance risk w/ Hindu sacred-tree/lingam-pillar veneration |
| 81 | orphan | יָתוֹם / ὀρφανός | fatherless | অনাথ | onath | Low | — | 10, 14, 16, 24, 26, 27 | — |
| 82 | widow | אַלְמָנָה / χήρα | bereaved wife | বিধবা | bidhoba | Medium | — | 10, 14, 16, 24, 26, 27 | Heavy Bengali social-stigma weight in application, not translation |
| 83 | inheritance | נַחֲלָה / κληρονομία | covenant land/portion allotment | উত্তরাধিকার | uttoradhikar | Medium | Choosing Life; Covenant Renewal | throughout | Cross-ref baseline adoption/inheritance-rights theme |
This glossary must be merged into a Deuteronomy-specific translation_memory.json extension (retaining the Romans baseline entries unchanged) before Phase 2 Step 16 batch translation begins. All Critical and High risk terms above require human theologian review routing per the doctrine_risk_registry.json framework; new Critical/High terms discovered during Phase 2 must be added to that registry using the same fields as this table.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ধার্মিকতা
Transliteration: dharmikota
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, পুণ্য, ন্যায়
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ধর্ম. See also righteousness_denied_as_merit (Deuteronomy 9:4-6) below, which applies this same fixed rendering to Deuteronomy’s own explicit denial of merit as the ground of covenant blessing.
Salvation
Approved rendering: পরিত্রাণ
Transliteration: poritran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, or নাজাত. Deuteronomy’s redeem_redemption (উদ্ধার করা, from Egypt) is a historical type/shadow of this fuller term; keep the two lexically distinct, do not collapse.
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved for κύριος/Christ’s exclusive Lordship. In this Deuteronomy curriculum, প্রভু must be kept lexically SEPARATE from সদাপ্রভু (YHWH, the covenant proper name) — the two must never be confused or collapsed into one term.
Messiah
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Deuteronomy 18:15-19’s Coming Prophet like Moses doctrine as the NT’s own fulfillment category (Acts 3:22-26); মশীহ remains reserved only for explicitly Muslim-background outreach material with framing, per baseline.
Jesus
Approved rendering: যীশু
Transliteration: Jishu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঈসা
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ঈসা. Referenced in Deuteronomy curriculum teaching notes as the New Testament’s own fulfillment of the Coming Prophet like Moses (Acts 3:22-26) and of the Curse Borne on the Tree typology (Galatians 3:13).
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ভগবান or আল্লাহ. In Deuteronomy, ঈশ্বর renders Elohim (a title/office of deity) and must be kept lexically distinct from সদাপ্রভু (YHWH, the personal covenant name) and from দেবতা (reserved exclusively for false gods).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্র আত্মা
Transliteration: Pobitro Attha
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্ম, পরমাত্মা
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ব্রহ্ম or পরমাত্মা. Not extensively named in Deuteronomy’s own text but relevant teaching-note background for the ultimate NT fulfillment of circumcise_the_heart (10:16; 30:6), which the NT identifies with the Spirit’s inward work.
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকর্তা
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father; never Hindu creator-deity names such as ব্রহ্মা. Relevant background wherever Deuteronomy’s covenant-relational language (e.g. Israel as God’s son, 8:5) is taught.
Lord Yhwh
Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভু
Transliteration: Sodaprobhu
Doctrine: The Covenant Name of God (YHWH)
Rejected alternatives: প্রভু (reserved for κύριος/Christ per the Romans baseline), ঈশ্বর (Elohim, generic title)
Original: יהוה
Category: God
NEW entry beyond the Romans baseline. God’s proper, personal covenant name (Exodus 3:14). Must remain lexically distinct from both প্রভু and ঈশ্বর at every occurrence, or Deuteronomy’s own name-versus-title theology is lost. Occurs in nearly every chapter.
One Echad
Approved rendering: এক
Transliteration: ek
Doctrine: The Shema and Exclusive Love for God
Original: אֶחָד / εἷς
Category: God
Heb. אֶחָד. The single highest-collision term in the whole book: Muslim readers hear tawhid’s strict indivisibility; Hindu (especially Advaita) readers hear the impersonal non-dual Brahman. Neither matches the verse’s own sense — exclusive covenant loyalty to a personal, relational LORD — nor may this verse foreclose fuller NT Trinitarian revelation. Mandatory translator/teacher note required at every occurrence (6:4; 32:39).
Carved Image Idol
Approved rendering: মূর্তি / প্রতিমা
Transliteration: murti / protima
Doctrine: Warnings against Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: euphemistic paraphrase avoiding the direct concept-match
Original: פֶּסֶל / γλυπτόν
Category: Idolatry
Heb. פֶּסֶל, any manufactured cult object. These are the EXACT standard Bengali Hindu terms for a deity’s consecrated image, central to Durga Puja and virtually all Bengali Hindu devotional practice. The concept-collision is unavoidable and deliberate — not to be softened by euphemism. Mandatory pastoral/theological framing note required at every occurrence (ch. 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 27, 29).
Righteousness Denied As Merit
Approved rendering: ধার্মিকতা
Transliteration: dharmikota
Doctrine: Obedience Motivated by Love not Merit
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম
Original: צְדָקָה / δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Same fixed baseline rendering as righteousness (above), applied to Deuteronomy 9:4-6’s explicit denial that Israel receives the land ‘for your righteousness.’ A direct, powerful OT-NT doctrinal bridge to Romans; NEVER ধর্ম.
Circumcise The Heart
Approved rendering: হৃদয়ের ত্বকচ্ছেদ
Transliteration: hridoyer tôkchhedon
Doctrine: Circumcision of the Heart
Rejected alternatives: সুন্নত
Original: מוּל (metaphorical) / περιτέμνω
Category: Sanctification
Heb. מוּל used metaphorically. NEVER সুন্নত (saturated with Islamic ritual-identity meaning — a Muslim boy’s rite). ত্বকচ্ছেদ is the neutral/literal Bengali Bible term (cf. Genesis 17); mandatory teaching note explaining the total, inward metaphor. Deut 10:16; 30:6.
Prophet Like Moses
Approved rendering: মোশির মতো ভাববাদী
Transliteration: Moshir moto bhabbadi
Doctrine: The Coming Prophet like Moses
Original: נָבִיא כָּמֹנִי / προφήτην ὡσαύτως ἐμοί
Category: Christology
Heb. נָבִיא כָּמֹנִי. One of the most religiously sensitive passages for a Bengali audience: Islamic apologetics widely cite Deut 18:15-19 as fulfilled in Muhammad. Mandatory doctrinal note anchoring the NT’s own reading (Acts 3:22-26) and the immediate-context qualifying criteria (from among Israel’s own brothers, in Moses’ covenant-mediating office) required at every occurrence (18:15-19; 34:10-12).
Atone Atonement
Approved rendering: প্রায়শ্চিত্ত করা
Transliteration: prayashchitto kora
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement and Sacrificial Blood
Original: כִּפֵּר / ἐξιλάσκομαι
Category: Atonement
Heb. כִּפֵּר. প্রায়শ্চিত্ত is the standard Bengali/Hindu term for self-directed karmic penance — nearly the inverse causal direction of God-initiated, God-provided atonement. Mandatory distinguishing note required at every occurrence (21:1-9; 32:43). This term is added to this curriculum’s own critical/forbidden-substitution watchlist for special attention.
Word Near You
Approved rendering: তোমার নিকটবর্তী বাক্য, তোমার মুখে ও তোমার হৃদয়ে (fixed per companion Romans 10:6-8 rendering)
Transliteration: tomar nikotborti bakyo, tomar mukhe o tomar hridoye
Doctrine: Choosing Life over Death
Original: (Deuteronomy 30:11-14) / ῥῆμα ἐγγύς σού ἐστιν
Category: Salvation
Deut 30:11-14, quoted almost verbatim by Paul in Romans 10:6-8 and reinterpreted christologically. MUST match wherever Romans 10:6-8 is rendered in the companion Romans curriculum — flagged Critical for mandatory cross-document consistency review before Phase 2 release of either curriculum.
Worship Serve Idols
Approved rendering: উপাসনা করা
Transliteration: upasona kora
Doctrine: Warnings against Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: পূজা (the exact Hindu ritual-worship term)
Original: עָבַד, הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה / λατρεύω, προσκυνέω
Category: Idolatry
Heb. עָבַד/הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה. NEVER পূজা for either idols or the true God’s worship. উপাসনা is established as the neutral term reserved for legitimate worship, contextually distinguished from idol-service. Deut 4-13; 29-32.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য
Inherited from Romans package. Unmerited favor from God, apart from human merit; foundational cross-reference for Deuteronomy’s ‘treasured possession’ (7:6-8) and ‘not for your righteousness’ (9:4-6) doctrine of Obedience Motivated by Love not Merit.
Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাস
Transliteration: bishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ঈমান, শ্রদ্ধা
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust, not creedal tawhid-affirmation or devotional reverence; relevant wherever Deuteronomy’s covenant loyalty is discussed alongside ‘hear’ (שָׁמַע) and ‘love’ (אָהַב).
Holy
Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Inherited from Romans package. Must remain lexically distinct from Deuteronomy’s ceremonial-purity pair শুচি/অশুচি (clean/unclean, ch.14) — moral/relational holiness vs. ritual purity are separate Hebrew categories and must stay separate in Bengali.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: পবিত্রীকরণ
Transliteration: pobitrikoron
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুদ্ধিকরণ
Inherited from Romans package. The Spirit’s ongoing holiness-work, distinct from Hindu ritual purification (shuddhi); relevant background for Deuteronomy’s circumcise_the_heart metaphor.
Law
Approved rendering: ব্যবস্থা
Transliteration: bebostha
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, শরিয়ত, নিয়ম
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ধর্ম or শরিয়ত; also NEVER তৌরাত (the Qur’anic-idiom loanword), a Deuteronomy-specific forbidden addition since this book is itself the Torah’s fifth book. This is the Mosaic Law/Torah given at Horeb and reiterated throughout Deuteronomy.
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Inherited from Romans package. Moral transgression before a personal God, distinct from ritual impurity (অশুচিতা, the ceremonial category used for clean/unclean in Deuteronomy 14) or bad karma.
Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Inherited from Romans package. God’s radiant honor and presence; NEVER তেজ, given the Shakta-Hindu divine-radiance/aura association flagged in the baseline. Relevant wherever Deuteronomy discusses the LORD’s manifest presence (e.g. Sinai theophany, ch.4-5).
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাসের বাধ্যতা
Transliteration: bishwasher baddhota
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ধর্মীয় কর্তব্য পালন
Inherited from Romans package. Obedience flowing from faith, not merit-earning religious duty; directly informs Deuteronomy’s own doctrine of Obedience Motivated by Love not Merit (7:6-8; 9:4-6).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer shamorthyo
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER শক্তি (Shakta goddess-power association). This entry establishes the strategy REUSED for Deuteronomy 6:5’s ‘might’ (מְאֹד), rendered সামর্থ্য for identical reasons — see might_strength below.
Covenant
Approved rendering: নিয়ম
Transliteration: niyom
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি, অঙ্গীকার
Original: בְּרִית / διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Relational covenant bond, more than a legal contract. Root of Deuteronomy’s covenant_renewal compound (নিয়ম পুনর্নবীকরণ, below); must never flatten toward চুক্তি nor be read through the lens of Hindu vrata.
Election
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন
Transliteration: Ishshorer monownoyon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি, কর্মফল
Inherited from Romans package. God’s sovereign, personal choice, not karma-determined fate. Cross-referenced by Deuteronomy’s treasured_possession (7:6-8) and deliberately kept lexically DISTINCT from choose_human_moral_choice (বেছে নেওয়া, 30:19), Deuteronomy’s own term for humanity’s responsive choice.
Providence
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা
Transliteration: Ishshorer porichalona
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি
Inherited from Romans package. God’s personal, purposive governance; never fate or impersonal destiny. Relevant background for Deuteronomy’s Song of Moses (ch. 32) and its providential framing of Israel’s history.
Statutes
Approved rendering: বিধি
Transliteration: bidhi
Doctrine: Covenant Renewal
Original: חֻקִּים / δικαιώματα
Category: Covenant
Heb. חֻקִּים / LXX δικαιώματα. Fixed, permanent decrees engraved/inscribed by the LORD’s own authority. বিধি is also the standard Bengali word for Hindu vidhi (ritual injunction within dharmashastra); a clarifying note that these are a personal, historical God’s covenant decrees, not an impersonal cosmic ritual order, is mandatory. Primary passages: 1; 4; 5; 6.
Hear Shema
Approved rendering: শোনা / শোন
Transliteration: shona / shono
Doctrine: The Shema and Exclusive Love for God
Original: שָׁמַע / ἄκουε
Category: Faith
Heb. שָׁמַע inherently fuses ‘hear’ and ‘obey/heed’ — no separate common Hebrew verb distinguishes them. Ordinary Bengali শোনা does not automatically convey obedience; a mandatory teaching note is required at every occurrence, especially 6:4, 9:1, 27:9, 30:20.
Love Of God
Approved rendering: ভালোবাসা (verb); প্রেম (noun, poetic contexts only, with same clarifying note)
Transliteration: bhalobasha / prem
Doctrine: The Shema and Exclusive Love for God
Original: אָהַב / ἀγαπάω
Category: Faith
Heb. אָהַב, covenantal willed devotion/loyalty (ANE treaty-language for a vassal’s required loyalty), not primarily emotion. Bengali Vaishnava bhakti prem-devotional vocabulary risks recasting this as mystical emotional rapture rather than obedience-producing loyalty; teaching notes must anchor love of God in the concrete practices of 6:6-9.
Soul
Approved rendering: প্রাণ
Transliteration: pran
Doctrine: The Shema and Exclusive Love for God
Original: נֶפֶש / ψυχή
Category: Faith
Heb. נֶפֶש, the whole, undivided living self (unified anthropology). Collides with yogic prāṇa (a subtle vital energy distinct from ātman); requires a distinguishing note wherever doctrinally load-bearing (6:5).
Might Strength
Approved rendering: সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: shamorthyo
Doctrine: The Shema and Exclusive Love for God
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি (Shakta goddess-power association)
Original: מְאֹד / δύναμις
Category: Faith
Heb. מְאֹד, utmost capacity. REUSES the Romans baseline power_of_god strategy exactly: NEVER শক্তি, given Bengal’s Shakta-Hindu (Durga/Kali) association. Deut 6:5 only.
Teach Diligently
Approved rendering: যত্নসহকারে শিক্ষা দেওয়া
Transliteration: jotnoshohokare shikkha deoa
Doctrine: Public Reading and Transmission of God’s Word
Original: שִׁנַּנְתָּם (שנן, Piel) / προβιβάσεις
Category: Faith
Heb. שִׁנַּנְתָּם (Piel of שנן, ‘to sharpen/repeat incisively’). Vivid image of repeated, honed, life-embedded instruction. Must be distinguished from rote memorization-for-recitation-performance culture (Qur’anic hifz, Sanskrit-verse memorization); emphasis is conversational, whole-of-life transmission (6:7; 11:19).
Frontlets
Approved rendering: কপালে বাঁধা চিহ্ন
Transliteration: kopale bandha chinho
Doctrine: The Shema and Exclusive Love for God
Original: טוֹטָפֹת
Category: Covenant
Heb. טוֹטָפֹת, forehead bands, historically developed into tefillin. Risk of assimilation to Hindu tilak/teep (religious-identity forehead mark) or Muslim/folk ta’wiz (protective amulet); mandatory note: this is a mnemonic/devotional marker of covenant loyalty, not a protective charm. Deut 6:8; 11:18.
Doorposts
Approved rendering: দরজার চৌকাঠ
Transliteration: dorjar chowkath
Doctrine: The Shema and Exclusive Love for God
Original: מְזוּזֹת / φλιαί
Category: Covenant
Heb. מְזוּזֹת, doorframes, later the mezuzah practice. Risk of assimilation to folk-religious protective door-markings (rangoli, neem-leaf hangings, Om-symbols, apotropaic Qur’anic plaques); clarify purpose is household remembrance/instruction, not a talisman. Deut 6:9; 11:20.
Jealous God
Approved rendering: ঈর্ষাপরায়ণ ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: irshaparayon Ishshor
Doctrine: Jealousy of God and Exclusive Covenant Devotion
Original: קַנָּא / ζηλωτής
Category: God
Heb. קַנָּא, zealous, exclusive covenant devotion, not petty envy. English/Bengali risk a negative connotation; must be glossed as zealous protection of an exclusive relationship, paired with 6:5’s love-language. Deut 4:23-24; 5:9; 6:15; 32:16, 21.
Redeem Redemption
Approved rendering: উদ্ধার করা
Transliteration: uddhar kora
Doctrine: Remembering God’s Redemption
Rejected alternatives: পরিত্রাণ (reserved for the fuller NT salvation category; not to be fully collapsed with the historical Exodus type)
Original: פָּדָה, גָּאַל / λυτρόω, ῥύομαι
Category: Salvation
Heb. פָּדָה/גָּאַל, historical physical deliverance from slavery. Typological forerunner of পরিত্রাণ; teach the connection explicitly without collapsing the categories. Deut 6:20-25 et al.
Treasured Possession
Approved rendering: বিশেষ প্রজা
Transliteration: bishesh proja
Doctrine: Obedience Motivated by Love not Merit
Original: עַם סְגֻלָּה / λαὸς περιούσιος
Category: Election
Heb. עַם סְגֻלָּה. KEY textual anchor: Deut 7:7-8 explicitly denies election on the basis of size or impressiveness. Cross-reference the baseline’s অনুগ্রহ (grace) and ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন (election). Never let this term stand without its own negation clause nearby.
Detestable Thing
Approved rendering: ঘৃণ্য বস্তু
Transliteration: ghrinyo bostu
Doctrine: Warnings against Idolatry
Original: תּוֹעֵבָה / βδέλυγμα
Category: Idolatry
Heb. תּוֹעֵבָה, applied especially to idols/idolatrous objects. Broad semantic range across the Torah (ritual, dietary, moral); render contextually, do not narrow to one modern-controversial sense. Deut 7:25-26 et al.
Remember
Approved rendering: স্মরণ করা
Transliteration: sroron kora
Doctrine: Remembering God’s Redemption
Original: זָכַר / μνημονεύω
Category: Redemption
Heb. זָכַר, active covenant loyalty triggered by God’s own past redemptive acts, not mere cognitive recall. Bengali স্মরণ shares its Sanskrit root with smṛti (a transmitted-tradition category); a clarifying note is required that this is response to God’s own historical acts, not human tradition-transmission. Deut 5:15; 8:2-18; 15:15; 16:1-8; 24:18.
Wrath
Approved rendering: ক্রোধ
Transliteration: krodh
Doctrine: Warnings against Idolatry
Original: אַף, חָרוֹן / ὀργή
Category: God
Heb. אַף/חָרוֹן, God’s righteous, judicial anger provoked by covenant unfaithfulness. Must not be framed as the capricious, easily-provoked temper of folk-Hindu deity-rage narratives (Kali, Shiva). Deut 9:7-21; 29:20-28.
Blood
Approved rendering: রক্ত
Transliteration: rôktô
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement and Sacrificial Blood
Original: דָּם / αἷμα
Category: Atonement
Heb. דָּם. ‘The blood is the life’ (12:23) — foundational to all later atonement theology; anticipates the Romans baseline’s atonement/propitiation escalation rule (Romans 3:25).
Release Sabbatical
Approved rendering: অব্যাহতির বছর
Transliteration: obbyahoti-r bochor
Doctrine: Sabbath Rest and Sabbatical Release
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি (forbidden per the baseline for salvation, due to its Hindu rebirth-cycle-liberation sense; avoided here to prevent any appearance of contradicting that rule)
Original: שְׁמִטָּה / שָׁמַט / ἄφεσις
Category: Law
Heb. שְׁמִטָּה/שָׁמַט, debt cancellation and bond-servant release every seventh year. Deut 15:1-18.
Devote To Destruction
Approved rendering: সম্পূর্ণরূপে ধ্বংস করা
Transliteration: shomporurupe dhongsho kora
Doctrine: Holy War and Devoted Destruction (Cherem)
Original: חֵרֶם / ἀνάθεμα, ἐξολεθρεύω
Category: Judgment
Heb. חֵרֶם. Mandatory framing: a bounded, one-time, redemptive-historical judgment on entrenched Canaanite idolatry, not a transferable interreligious-conflict template, given real communal-violence sensitivities regionally. Deut 7:1-5, 16-26; 20:10-18.
Cursed Hung On Tree
Approved rendering: গাছে টাঙানো ব্যক্তির উপর ঈশ্বরের অভিশাপ
Transliteration: gachhe tanano byaktir upor Ishshorer obhishap
Doctrine: The Curse Borne on the Tree (Atonement Typology)
Original: קִלְלַת אֱלֹהִים, תָּלוּי / κατάρα θεοῦ, κρεμάμενος
Category: Atonement
Heb. קִלְלַת אֱלֹהִים + תָּלוּי. Directly quoted in Galatians 3:13 and applied to Christ’s crucifixion; teach the NT’s typological use without importing it back into Deuteronomy’s own original historical-legal sense (a public shame-marker). Deut 21:22-23.
Declare Confess
Approved rendering: স্বীকার করা
Transliteration: shikar kora
Doctrine: Firstfruits, Tithing, and Grateful Worship
Original: עָנָה וְאָמַר / ἀποκριθήσῃ καὶ ἐρεῖς
Category: Worship
Heb. עָנָה וְאָמַר, ritual spoken confession. Structural forerunner of the Romans 10:9-10 confession pattern (যীশু প্রভু, REUSED baseline). Deut 26:5-10.
Altar
Approved rendering: বেদি
Transliteration: bedi
Doctrine: Centralized and Exclusive Worship
Rejected alternatives: যজ্ঞবেদি (the explicit Vedic Hindu fire-sacrifice altar term)
Original: מִזְבֵּח / θυσιαστήριον
Category: Worship
Heb. מִזְבֵּח. Even with বেদি (not যজ্ঞবেদি), a teaching note distinguishing exclusive single-altar worship of the one LORD from multi-deity Vedic yajna ritual mechanics is required. Deut 12:1-14; 27:1-10.
Blessing
Approved rendering: আশীর্বাদ
Transliteration: ashirbad
Doctrine: Blessings and Curses of the Covenant
Original: בְּרָכָה / εὐλογία
Category: Covenant
Heb. בְּרָכָה. The ordinary Bengali word for a quasi-magical transfer of favor/fortune from elders, gurus, or deities. Requires a note establishing this as covenant-relational, not magical or merit-transactional, tied to ch.7’s prior, unearned election. Deut 11:26-28; 27-28; 33.
Curse
Approved rendering: অভিশাপ
Transliteration: obhishap
Doctrine: Blessings and Curses of the Covenant
Original: קְלָלָה, אָרוּר / κατάρα
Category: Covenant
Heb. קְלָלָה/אָרוּר. Also the standard Bengali word for a folk-sorcery curse (তুক্কা/বান); requires a note distinguishing God’s righteous covenant judgment from impersonal occult malediction. Deut 11:26-28; 27-28; 29:19-28.
Covenant Renewal
Approved rendering: নিয়ম পুনর্নবীকরণ
Transliteration: niyom punornobikoron
Doctrine: Covenant Renewal
Original: (theological title, cf. 29:1, בְּרִית)
Category: Covenant
Constructed theological-title compound (cf. 29:1), root নিয়ম REUSED from baseline. Risk of being read through the lens of Hindu vrata (a self-initiated, repeatable votive merit-ritual) rather than the LORD’s own sovereign re-ratification of a bond he initiated. Deut 29:1, 10-15; 26:5-10; 31:9-13.
Choose Human Moral Choice
Approved rendering: বেছে নেওয়া
Transliteration: bechhe neoa
Doctrine: Choosing Life over Death
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন (reserved for God’s own sovereign election, e.g. Romans 9, 11)
Original: בָּחַר / αἱρέω, ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Salvation
Heb. בָּחַר, the SAME root verb used of God’s electing choice of Israel (ch.7), here addressed to Israel’s own responsive choice (30:19). Deliberately kept lexically distinct from divine election while remaining visibly related.
Vengeance
Approved rendering: প্রতিশোধ
Transliteration: protishodh
Doctrine: Song of Moses: God as Faithful Rock and Divine Vengeance
Original: נָקָם / ἐκδίκησις
Category: God
Heb. נָקָם. Strong cross-reference to Romans 12:19 (‘Vengeance is mine, I will repay’). Must be framed as God’s sole judicial prerogative, explicitly not a personal-vendetta model, given strong honor-vengeance dynamics in South Asian culture. Deut 32:35, 41-43.
Face To Face
Approved rendering: মুখোমুখি
Transliteration: mukhomukhi
Doctrine: Moses’ Unique Mediatorial Intimacy with God
Original: פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים / πρόσωπον κατὰ πρόσωπον
Category: Christology
Heb. פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים. Moses’ unique, unparalleled intimacy with God (34:10). Teach alongside the ch.18 prophecy fulfilled in Christ and John 1:18/Hebrews 1:1-2’s claim that Christ’s revelation of the Father surpasses even Moses’ intimacy.
Priest
Approved rendering: যাজক
Transliteration: yajok
Doctrine: Levitical Priesthood and Mediation
Rejected alternatives: পুরোহিত (the Bengali Hindu Brahmin caste-priest term)
Original: כֹּהֵן / ἱερεύς
Category: Worship
Heb. כֹּהֵן. NEVER পুরোহিত, which would cast the Levitical office within a caste-based hereditary ritual hierarchy foreign to the text’s own covenant-service rationale. Deut 10:8-9; 17:9-13; 18:1-8; 26:1-4; 33:8-10.
Other Gods
Approved rendering: দেবতা
Transliteration: debota
Doctrine: Warnings against Idolatry
Original: אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים / θεοὶ ἕτεροι
Category: Idolatry
Heb. אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים. Reserved exclusively for false deities; must stay lexically distinct from ঈশ্বর at all times to prevent doctrinal ambiguity.
Sacred Pillar Pole
Approved rendering: আশেরা-স্তম্ভ
Transliteration: Ashera-stombho
Doctrine: Warnings against Idolatry
Original: אֲשֵׁרָה, מַצֵּבָה / ἄλσος, στήλη
Category: Idolatry
Heb. אֲשֵׁרָה/מַצֵּבָה. Resonance risk with Hindu sacred-tree veneration or lingam-pillar worship in Bengali folk-Hindu practice; requires a clarifying note distinguishing this text’s specific Canaanite fertility-cult referent from generic Bengali sacred-object veneration. Deut 7:5; 12:3; 16:21-22.
Medium Risk Terms
Israel
Approved rendering: ইস্রায়েল
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל / Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The covenant people descended from Jacob, addressed throughout Deuteronomy as Moses’ final generation of instruction. Contemporary political sensitivity noted; theological usage must remain unambiguous.
Commandment
Approved rendering: আদেশ
Transliteration: adesh
Doctrine: Covenant Renewal
Original: מִצְוָה / ἐντολή
Category: Covenant
Heb. מִצְוָה / LXX ἐντολή. A directive issued by the covenant LORD, carrying his authority. আজ্ঞা is an acceptable classical alternative; either is safe. Must not be rendered with a term implying negotiable advice. Primary passages: 1:1; 5; 6; 8; 30.
Rules Judgments
Approved rendering: শাসন
Transliteration: shashon
Doctrine: Covenant Renewal
Original: מִשְׁפָּטִים / κρίματα
Category: Covenant
Heb. מִשְׁפָּטִים / LXX κρίματα. Case-law applications of God’s justice. Keep as the fixed idiomatic pair বিধি ও শাসন per established Bengali Bible convention; শাসন alone risks being read as generic modern ‘governance.‘
Heart
Approved rendering: হৃদয়
Transliteration: hridoy
Doctrine: The Shema and Exclusive Love for God
Original: לֵבָב / καρδία
Category: Faith
Heb. לֵבָב, the seat of will/intellect, not primarily emotion. Bengali হৃদয় leans emotional/romantic in popular usage; a brief will/mind gloss is advisable wherever doctrinally load-bearing (6:5-6; 10:16; 30:6, 14).
Sign
Approved rendering: চিহ্ন
Transliteration: chinho
Doctrine: The Shema and Exclusive Love for God
Original: אוֹת / σημεῖον
Category: Covenant
Heb. אוֹת, a visible mark/token pointing to a deeper covenant reality. Deut 6:8; also used of prophetic signs/wonders (ch.13, see sign_or_wonder).
Possess Inherit
Approved rendering: অধিকার করা
Transliteration: odhikar kora
Doctrine: Covenant Inheritance of the Land
Original: יָרַשׁ / κληρονομέω
Category: Covenant
Heb. יָרַשׁ, to inherit/take possession, dispossess. Covenant-gift land language, not conquest earned by merit; avoid nationalist territorial-entitlement framing in contemporary Bangladesh/India teaching. Ch. 1-3.
Rest
Approved rendering: বিশ্রাম
Transliteration: bishram
Doctrine: Covenant Inheritance of the Land
Original: מְנוּחָה / κατάπαυσις
Category: Covenant
Heb. מְנוּחָה, cessation from conflict/wandering, later eschatological ‘rest’ (Hebrews 3-4). Keep distinct from Buddhist/Hindu liberative rest from the rebirth cycle. Deut 3:18-20; 12:9-10.
Form Likeness
Approved rendering: রূপ/আকৃতি
Transliteration: rup/akriti
Doctrine: Warnings against Idolatry
Original: תְּמוּנָה / ὁμοίωμα
Category: Idolatry
Heb. תְּמוּנָה, ‘form, shape, likeness’; supports Deuteronomy 4’s aniconic argument (Israel saw no visible form at Sinai).
City Of Refuge
Approved rendering: আশ্রয় নগর
Transliteration: ashroy nogor
Doctrine: Legal Testimony and Justice Procedures
Rejected alternatives: আশ্রম (Hindu/Buddhist religious retreat center — avoid conceptual bleed)
Original: מִקְלָט / πόλις φυγαδευτήριον
Category: Law
Heb. מִקְלָט, a legal-protection city for unintentional killing, not a spiritual retreat. Deut 4:41-43; 19:1-13.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: বিশ্রামবার
Transliteration: bishrambar
Doctrine: Sabbath Rest and Sabbatical Release
Original: שַׁבָּת / σάββατον
Category: Law
Heb. שַׁבָּת. Distinguish the Mosaic seventh-day command (5:12-15) from Christian Sunday practice, a distinct NT-era development.
Adultery
Approved rendering: ব্যভিচার
Transliteration: bebhichar
Doctrine: Covenant Renewal
Original: נָאַף / μοιχεύω
Category: Law
Heb. נָאַף. Seventh Commandment, Deut 5:18. Standard term, low ambiguity.
Covet
Approved rendering: লোভ করা
Transliteration: lobh kora
Doctrine: Covenant Renewal
Original: חָמַד / ἐπιθυμέω
Category: Law
Heb. חָמַד, LXX ἐπιθυμέω — the same verb Paul cites in Romans 7:7 quoting this Tenth Commandment. Keep rendering consistent for cross-curriculum teaching. Deut 5:21.
House Of Slavery
Approved rendering: দাসত্বের গৃহ
Transliteration: dashotto-r griho
Doctrine: Remembering God’s Redemption
Original: בֵּית עֲבָדִים / οἴκου δουλείας
Category: Salvation
Heb. בֵּית עֲבָדִים, Egypt as bondage-house. Deut 6:12; 5:6.
Forget
Approved rendering: ভুলে যাওয়া
Transliteration: bhule jaoa
Doctrine: Remembering God’s Redemption
Original: שָׁכַח / ἐπιλανθάνομαι
Category: Redemption
Heb. שָׁכַח, paired antonym of remember, warning against covenant amnesia leading to idolatry/pride. Deut 8:11-19.
Humble Test
Approved rendering: নত করা / পরীক্ষা করা
Transliteration: noto kora / porikkha kora
Doctrine: Remembering God’s Redemption
Original: עָנָה, נָסָה / ταπεινόω, πειράζω
Category: Sanctification
Heb. עָנָה/נָסָה, God’s wilderness discipline. Strong cross-reference to Matthew 4:4/Luke 4:4 (‘man does not live by bread alone’); keep consistent with any Gospel-harmony materials. Deut 8:2-3.
Stiff Necked
Approved rendering: একগুঁয়ে / ঘাড়-ত্যাড়া
Transliteration: eguñe / ghar-tyaṛa
Doctrine: Warnings against Idolatry
Original: קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף / σκληροτράχηλος
Category: Sin
Heb. קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף, ‘hard of neck.’ Deut 9:6, 13; 31:27.
Sojourner
Approved rendering: প্রবাসী
Transliteration: probashi
Doctrine: Social Justice for the Vulnerable
Original: גֵּר / προσήλυτος, πάροικος
Category: Social Justice
Heb. גֵּר, a resident non-Israelite owed covenant justice. Distinct from the baseline’s পরজাতি (‘gentiles,’ nations at large) — do not conflate. Deut 10:18-19; 24:17-22.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: ভণ্ড ভাববাদী
Transliteration: bhondo bhabbadi
Doctrine: Discernment of True and False Prophets
Original: נָבִיא / חֹלֵם חֲלוֹם
Category: Prophecy
REUSES baseline ভাববাদী with a negative qualifier. Sensitive in contemporary charismatic/Pentecostal Bengali church contexts; teach with discernment criteria (13:1-3), not miracle-performance alone.
Sign Or Wonder
Approved rendering: চিহ্ন ও অলৌকিক কাজ
Transliteration: chinho o oloukik kaj
Doctrine: Discernment of True and False Prophets
Original: אוֹת וּמוֹפֵת / σημεῖον καὶ τέρας
Category: Prophecy
Heb. אוֹת וּמוֹפֵת. A miracle never alone validates a message leading toward idolatry — a discernment principle to preserve in teaching. Deut 13:1-3.
Clean Unclean
Approved rendering: শুচি / অশুচি
Transliteration: shuchi / oshuchi
Doctrine: Clean and Unclean (Ceremonial Purity)
Original: טָהוֹר / טָמֵא / καθαρός / ἀκάθαρτος
Category: Law
Heb. טָהוֹר/טָמֵא, ceremonial/ritual purity categories distinct from moral holiness (পবিত্র, baseline-fixed); do not collapse Hebrew’s two separate categories. Deut 14:3-21.
Passover
Approved rendering: নিস্তারপর্ব
Transliteration: nistarparbo
Doctrine: Remembering God’s Redemption
Original: פֶּסַח / πάσχα
Category: Festivals
Heb. פֶּסַח. Established Bengali Christian term; keep identical across Exodus/Gospel materials in this curriculum family. Deut 16:1-8.
Feast Of Booths
Approved rendering: কুটির-পর্ব
Transliteration: kutir-porbo
Doctrine: Centralized and Exclusive Worship
Original: סֻכּוֹת / σκηνῶν
Category: Festivals
Heb. סֻכּוֹת. Avoid syncretistic conflation with Bengali harvest festivals (e.g. Nabanna); keep the wilderness-dwelling covenant-historical rationale primary. Deut 16:13-17.
King
Approved rendering: রাজা
Transliteration: raja
Doctrine: Kingship Under the Law
Original: מֶלֶךְ / βασιλεύς
Category: Leadership
Heb. מֶלֶךְ. Explicitly subordinated to ব্যবস্থা (17:18-20); avoid framing that elevates a ruler toward divine-king status, a live risk given regional god-king traditions.
Interest Usury
Approved rendering: সুদ
Transliteration: shud
Doctrine: Social Justice for the Vulnerable
Original: נֶשֶׁךְ / τόκος
Category: Social Justice
Heb. נֶשֶׁךְ. Common ground (not collision) with the Islamic riba prohibition; keep the covenant-community-only rationale (23:19-20) doctrinally precise.
Levirate Marriage Duty
Approved rendering: দেবরের বিবাহ-প্রথা
Transliteration: debor-er bibaho-protha
Doctrine: Social Justice for the Vulnerable
Original: יִבֵּם (denominative of יָבָם) / ἐπιγαμβρεύω
Category: Social Justice
Heb. יִבֵּם. No direct Bengali cultural equivalent institution; requires explanatory footnote, not functional-equivalence rendering. Deut 25:5-10.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: প্রথম ফল
Transliteration: prothom phol
Doctrine: Firstfruits, Tithing, and Grateful Worship
Original: רֵאשִׁית, בִּכּוּרִים / ἀπαρχή
Category: Worship
Heb. רֵאשִׁית/בִּכּוּרִים. Avoid conflation with Bengali agricultural harvest-festival customs (e.g. Nabanna). Deut 26:1-11.
Tithe
Approved rendering: দশমাংশ
Transliteration: doshomangsho
Doctrine: Firstfruits, Tithing, and Grateful Worship
Original: מַעֲשֵׂר / δεκάτη
Category: Worship
Heb. מַעֲשֵׂר. Distinguish from Hindu merit-generating dan and Islamic zakat-pillar obligation; grounding is grateful response to prior redemption. Deut 14:22-29; 26:12-15.
Life
Approved rendering: জীবন
Transliteration: jibon
Doctrine: Choosing Life over Death
Original: חַיִּים / ζωή
Category: Eschatology
Heb. חַיִּים. Covenant life/flourishing in relationship with God (30:15-20), not merely biological survival, and not to be spiritualized into a Hindu moksha-adjacent liberated-soul concept apart from this text’s own historical, covenantal frame.
Death
Approved rendering: মৃত্যু
Transliteration: mrityu
Doctrine: Choosing Life over Death
Original: מָוֶת / θάνατος
Category: Eschatology
Heb. מָוֶת. Covenant curse/finality, not a station within an ongoing samsara rebirth cycle. Deut 30:15-20.
Rock Divine Title
Approved rendering: শৈল
Transliteration: shoilo
Doctrine: Song of Moses: God as Faithful Rock and Divine Vengeance
Rejected alternatives: দুর্গ (avoided due to close phonetic proximity, in oral preaching, to দুর্গা/Durga, even though the script differs)
Original: צוּר / θεός (LXX smoothed)
Category: God
Heb. צוּר. God as unshakeable, faithful refuge, contrasted with Israel’s unfaithfulness. Deut 32:4, 15, 18, 30-31.
Slave Servant
Approved rendering: দাস
Transliteration: das
Doctrine: Remembering God’s Redemption
Original: עֶבֶד / δοῦλος
Category: Salvation
Heb. עֶבֶד. Bengali দাস also functions as a bhakti devotional self-designation (a devotee-servant of a deity); clarify the covenant/legal sense contextually as distinct from generic devotional self-naming.
High Place
Approved rendering: উচ্চস্থান
Transliteration: uccho-sthan
Doctrine: Warnings against Idolatry
Original: בָּמָה / βωμός
Category: Idolatry
Heb. בָּמָה, a Canaanite cultic worship site Israel is commanded to destroy and not imitate. Deut 12:2-4.
Widow
Approved rendering: বিধবা
Transliteration: bidhoba
Doctrine: Social Justice for the Vulnerable
Original: אַלְמָנָה / χήρα
Category: Social Justice
Heb. אַלְמָנָה. Widowhood carries heavy Bengali social-stigma weight; translation itself is straightforward but pastoral application requires sensitivity to avoid reinforcing shame dynamics this text is correcting.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: উত্তরাধিকার
Transliteration: uttoradhikar
Doctrine: Covenant Inheritance of the Land
Original: נַחֲלָה / κληρονομία
Category: Covenant
Heb. נַחֲלָה. Covenant land/portion allotted to Israel’s tribes; a historical type of the fuller inheritance-in-Christ theme (cf. baseline’s adoption doctrine, Romans 8).
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: ভাববাদী
Transliteration: bhabbadi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতিষী
Original: נָבִיא / προφήτης
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Low risk in isolation; becomes Critical only in the specific compound prophet_like_moses (below), Deuteronomy’s own highest-stakes term.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ভাববাণী
Transliteration: bhabbani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: গণনা
Inherited from Romans package. God-inspired declaration, distinct from astrological prediction (গণনা); relevant to Deuteronomy 18:20-22’s true/false prophet discernment test.
Gates
Approved rendering: নগর-দ্বার
Transliteration: nogor-dwar
Doctrine: The Shema and Exclusive Love for God
Original: שְׁעָרִים / πύλαι
Category: Covenant
Heb. שְׁעָרִים, town gates; extends household devotion into the public sphere. Deut 6:9.
Feast Of Weeks
Approved rendering: সাত-সপ্তাহের পর্ব
Transliteration: shat-shoptaher porbo
Doctrine: Centralized and Exclusive Worship
Original: שָׁבֻעוֹת / ἑβδομάδων
Category: Festivals
Heb. שָׁבֻעוֹת. Deut 16:9-12.
Judge
Approved rendering: বিচারক
Transliteration: bichôrok
Doctrine: Legal Testimony and Justice Procedures
Original: שֹׁפֵט / κριτής
Category: Leadership
Heb. שֹׁפֵט. Deut 17:2-13.
Witness
Approved rendering: সাক্ষী
Transliteration: shakkhi
Doctrine: Legal Testimony and Justice Procedures
Original: עֵד / μάρτυς
Category: Law
Heb. עֵד. Two-or-three-witness principle (17:6), reused in Matthew 18:16 and 2 Corinthians 13:1.
Be Strong And Courageous
Approved rendering: দৃঢ় ও সাহসী হও
Transliteration: dridho o shahoshi hoo
Doctrine: Covenant Renewal
Original: חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ / ἴσχυε καὶ ἀνδρίζου
Category: Faith
Heb. חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ. Formulaic encouragement given to Joshua (31:6-8), echoed in Joshua 1:6-9.
Levite
Approved rendering: লেবীয়
Transliteration: lebio
Doctrine: Levitical Priesthood and Mediation
Original: לֵוִי / Λευίτης
Category: Worship
Heb. לֵוִי. Proper name/tribe set apart for covenant service, without a tribal land allotment. Transliterate consistently.
Orphan
Approved rendering: অনাথ
Transliteration: onath
Doctrine: Social Justice for the Vulnerable
Original: יָתוֹם / ὀρφανός
Category: Social Justice
Heb. יָתוֹם. Deut 10:18-19; 14:28-29; 16; 24; 26-27.
Referenced passages