Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Malachi (English → Bengali)
How to read this table
- Status = “Reused from Romans TM”: the Bengali rendering is already fixed in the baseline
translation_memory.jsonand must be used exactly as recorded there. No deviation permitted regardless of Malachi-specific context. - Status = “New — proposed for TM”: this term does not exist in the Romans baseline and is proposed here for addition to translation memory before Phase 2 Malachi processing begins. Risk tiers follow the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as
doctrine_risk_registry.json. - Doctrine maps each term to one of the five curriculum doctrines: God’s Unchanging Love (UL) · Corrupt Worship and Broken Covenant (CW) · Faithfulness in Tithing and Marriage (FT) · The Coming Messenger and the Day of the LORD (CM) · Call to Repentance before the Great Day (CR). Terms supporting general book background are marked (BG).
Section 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| Term (English) | Hebrew (translit.) | Bengali rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Primary Malachi passages | Rationale (why unchanged) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covenant | בְּרִית (berit) | নিয়ম | High | CW, FT | 2:4-5, 2:8, 2:10, 2:14, 3:1 | Identical relational-bond concept as Romans’ διαθήκη; no Malachi-specific nuance requires deviation. |
| Righteousness | צְדָקָה (tsedaqah) | ধার্মিকতা | Critical | CM | 3:3, 4:2 | Same forensic/right-standing concept; NEVER ধর্ম, per baseline Critical rule. |
| Law | תּוֹרָה (torah) | ব্যবস্থা | High | CW | 2:6-9 | Same Mosaic-Torah referent; NEVER ধর্ম or শরিয়ত. |
| Holy | קדשׁ-root (qodesh) | পবিত্র | High | CW, UL | 2:11 (implicit via חלל antonym), 3:3 | Direct antonym-pairing with অপবিত্র করা (see Section 2); consistency required across curricula. |
| Fear (of the LORD) | יִרְאָה / מוֹרָא (yir’ah/mora) | ভয় | High | UL, CR | 1:6, 3:5, 3:16 | Same reverential-fear-not-terror concept as broader OT/NT usage; retain ভয়, not শ্রদ্ধা. |
| Prophet | נָבִיא (navi) | ভাববাদী | Low | CM | 4:5 (Elijah) | Standard established term; no new risk in Malachi context. |
| Gentiles / Nations | גּוֹיִם (goyim) | পরজাতি | Medium | CM (BG) | 1:11, 1:14 | Same referent as Romans’ ἔθνη; retain পরজাতি. |
| Father (of God) | אָב (av) | পিতা | Critical | UL | 1:6, 2:10 | Same personal, relational Fatherhood concept. |
| Election (conceptual link) | — (cf. Jacob/Esau, 1:2-3) | ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন | High | UL | 1:2-3 | Cross-referenced doctrinal category for the Jacob/Esau contrast, though no single Hebrew lexeme maps directly; retain baseline rendering when this concept is taught. |
Section 2 — New Terms Proposed for Translation Memory
| Term (English) | Hebrew (translit.) | Bengali rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Primary Malachi passages | Rationale / Collision notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle / Burden | מַשָּׂא (massa) | ভাববাণী (গুরুভার) | bhabbani (guruvar) | Medium | CM (BG) | 1:1 | Heavier judgment-oracle nuance than routine ভাববাণী; note required to avoid flattening. |
| Love (covenantal) | אָהַב (ahav) | ভালোবাসা | bhalobasha | High | UL | 1:2 | Must be specified as electing/covenantal love, not romantic/general affection; anchor verse for the doctrine title. |
| Hate (comparative/elective) | שָׂנֵא (sane) | ঘৃণা করা | ghrina kora | High | UL | 1:3 | Hebraic idiom of comparative non-preference; requires explanatory translator note to avoid a reading of capricious divine hostility. |
| Honor (relational) | כָּבוֹד (kavod, relational sense) | সম্মান | shomman | Medium | CW | 1:6 | Kept distinct from মহিমা (glory, Romans TM) to avoid conflating relational honor with divine radiance. |
| Table/Altar | שֻׁלְחָן (shulchan) | মেজ/বেদি | mej/bedi | Low-Medium | CW | 1:7, 1:12 | Metonymy for the altar; বেদি recommended for clarity. |
| Defiled (ritual) | טָמֵא (tame) | অশুচি | oshuchi | Medium | CW | 1:7 | Ritual/cultic impurity, distinct from পাপ (moral sin, Romans TM). |
| Sacrifice (animal) | זֶבַח (zevach) | বলিদান / বলি | bolidan / boli | Critical | CW | 1:8, 1:14 | Identical lexical form to Bengali Shakta-Hindu (Kali/Durga) animal-sacrifice terminology; requires theologian review and explicit framing at every occurrence. |
| Offering (grain/gift) | מִנְחָה (minchah) | নৈবেদ্য | noibeddo | High | CW, CM | 1:10-13; 3:3-4 | Identical lexical form to Hindu puja food-offering terminology; requires translator note distinguishing OT sacrificial category from image-offering ritual. |
| Cursed | אָרוּר (arur) | অভিশপ্ত | ovishopto | Medium | CW | 1:14; 2:2; 3:9 | Formal covenant-curse language; keep terminologically distinct from the stronger חֵרֶם (see below). |
| Messenger | מַלְאָךְ (mal’akh) | দূত | duto | High | CM | 3:1 | Distinct from প্রেরিত (apostle, Romans TM); never ফেরেশতা (Islamic-idiom register). |
| Messenger of the Covenant | מַלְאַךְ הַבְּרִית (mal’akh habberit) | নিয়মের দূত | niyomer duto | Critical | CM | 3:1 | Messianic-forerunner figure central to the core passage; flag for theologian review at every occurrence. |
| LORD (covenant name, YHWH) | יְהוָה (YHWH) | সদাপ্রভু | Shodaprovu | Critical | UL, CM (BG) | throughout (~24x) | Established Bengali OT rendering of the divine covenant name; must be kept distinct from প্রভু (Adon/Adonai, Romans TM). Never ভগবান or আল্লাহ. |
| LORD of hosts | יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת (YHWH Tseva’ot) | বাহিনীগণের সদাপ্রভু | bahinigoner Shodaprovu | Critical | CM (BG) | 1:4, 6, 8-14; 2:2, 4, 7-8, 12, 16; 3:1, 5, 7, 10-12, 14, 17; 4:1, 3 | High-frequency divine title; বাহিনী (“host/army”) deliberately avoids শক্তি (forbidden per baseline, Shakta-goddess-power collision). |
| Temple | הֵיכָל (heikhal) | মন্দির | mondir | High | CM | 3:1 | Standard Bengali OT rendering for the physical Jerusalem Temple; distinct from the baseline’s rejection of মন্দির for church (ekklesia). Requires contextual framing given Hindu temple associations. |
| Refiner’s fire | אֵשׁ מְצָרֵף (esh metsaref) | পরিশোধক আগুন | porishodhok agun | High | CM | 3:2 | Purifying (not merely destructive) fire image; contrast with תַּנּוּר (destructive furnace, ch. 4). |
| Launderer’s soap | בֹּרִית מְכַבְּסִים (borit mekhabsim) | ধোপার সাবান | dhopar shabon | Medium | CM | 3:2 | Low-risk material-culture image; note to avoid conflation with Hindu ritual-cleansing practice. |
| Refine/Purify (metal, craft sense) | צרף / זקק (tsaraph/ziqqaq) | পরিশোধন করা | porishodhon kora | High | CM | 3:2-3 | Literal metallurgical sense; deliberately kept distinct from পবিত্রীকরণ (sanctification, Romans TM) per baseline’s rejection of শুদ্ধিকরণ. |
| Purify (of persons, theological sense) | טהר (taher) | পবিত্র করা | pobitro kora | Critical | CM, UL | 3:3 | Theological purification of the Levitical priesthood; deliberately aligned with পবিত্র (Romans TM) rather than a separate “cleansing” word, to preserve doctrinal continuity. |
| Profane / Defile (verb) | חָלַל (chalal) | অপবিত্র করা | opobitro kora | High | CW | 2:10-11 | Direct antonym of পবিত্র; strengthens holy/profane doctrinal pairing across the curriculum. |
| Deal treacherously | בָּגַד (bagad) | বিশ্বাসঘাতকতা করা | bishwasghatokota kora | Critical | CW, FT | 2:10, 11, 14, 15, 16 | Semantic hinge connecting corrupt-worship and marriage-faithfulness themes; flag every occurrence for theologian review. |
| Daughter of a foreign god | בַּת־אֵל נֵכָר (bat-el nekhar) | বিদেশী দেবতার কন্যা | bideshi debotar konya | High | FT | 2:11 | Establishes দেবতা (false/pagan deity) vs. ঈশ্বর (true God, Romans TM, exclusive) as a firm translation convention for this curriculum. |
| Divorce | שָׁלַח (shalach, idiom) | বিবাহবিচ্ছেদ | bibahobiccheddo | High | FT | 2:16 | Anchor verse for the marriage-faithfulness doctrine (“I hate divorce”); must not be softened. |
| Violence | חָמָס (chamas) | সহিংসতা | shohingshota | Medium | FT | 2:16 | Unusual collocation with divorce for Bengali readers; brief explanatory note recommended. |
| Justice (forensic) | מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat) | ন্যায়বিচার | nyayobichar | Medium | CM, CW | 2:17 | Distinct from ন্যায় (rejected alternative for righteousness in Romans TM); safe, non-colliding term for this distinct concept. |
| Change/Immutability | שָׁנָה (shanah) | পরিবর্তিত হওয়া / অপরিবর্তনীয় | poriborthito howa / oporiborthonio | High | UL | 3:6 | Direct textual anchor for “God’s Unchanging Love” doctrine title; flag for theologian review. |
| Sorcerer | מְכַשֵּׁף (mekhashef) | জাদুকর | jadukor | High | CR | 3:5 | Risk of being read as a specific living Bengali folk-religious practitioner class (tantrik/ojha/fakir); জাদুকর (generic) preferred over তান্ত্রিক. |
| Sojourner | גֵּר (ger) | প্রবাসী / বিদেশী বাসিন্দা | probashi / bideshi bashinda | Medium | CR (BG) | 3:5 | Kept distinct from পরজাতি (nations at large, Romans TM); narrower protected-resident category. |
| Return / Repent | שׁוּב (shuv) | ফিরে আসা | fire asha | Critical | CR | 3:7 | OT turning/returning concept, distinct from NT μετάνοια; flag for theologian review and cross-document consistency check against future NT curricula. |
| Tithe | מַעֲשֵׂר (ma’aser) | দশমাংশ | doshomangsho | Medium | FT | 3:8-10 | Standard, transparent term; ensure grace-responsive framing, not merit-transaction framing. |
| Rob (God) | קָבַע (qava) | ঠকানো / প্রতারণা করা | thokano / protarona kora | Medium | FT | 3:8-9 | Preserve rhetorical shock (“rob God”); do not soften. |
| Windows of heaven | אֲרֻבּוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם (arubbot hashamayim) | আকাশের দ্বার | akasher dwar | Low-Medium | FT | 3:10 | Standard figurative-blessing image; low ambiguity. |
| Book of remembrance | סֵפֶר זִכָּרוֹן (sefer zikkaron) | স্মরণপুস্তক | shoronpustok | High | UL, CR | 3:16 | Real risk of being read through the Hindu Chitragupta karmic-ledger folk tradition; requires explicit relational-not-karmic framing note; flag for theologian review. |
| Treasured possession | סְגֻלָּה (segullah) | বিশেষ সম্পদ | bishesh shompod | Medium | UL | 3:17 | Reinforces relational, not merely proprietary, divine ownership; cross-reference with ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন (election). |
| Furnace/Oven (judgment) | תַּנּוּר (tannur) | চুল্লি / অগ্নিকুণ্ড | chulli / ognikundo | Medium | CM | 4:1 | Deliberately distinct from the purifying fire of 3:2; this fire is consuming/destructive. |
| Sun of righteousness | שֶׁמֶש צְדָקָה (shemesh tsedaqah) | ধার্মিকতার সূর্য | dharmikotar shurjo | High | CM | 4:2 | Risk of solar-deity (Surya) association in Bengali Hindu religious imagination; requires theologian review and explicit simile-framing note. |
| Healing | מַרְפֵּא (marpe) | আরোগ্য | arogyo | Low-Medium | CM | 4:2 | Standard term, low risk. |
| Elijah the prophet | אֵלִיָּהוּ הַנָּבִיא (Eliyahu hanavi) | এলিয় ভাববাদী | Eliyo bhabbadi | Medium | CM | 4:5 | Established Bengali OT proper name + reused প্রেরিত-family term ভাববাদী; typological link to John the Baptist should be flagged for theologian review when taught alongside NT material. |
| Utter destruction / ban | חֵרֶם (cherem) | সম্পূর্ণ বিনাশ | shompurno binash | Critical | CR, CM | 4:6 | Categorically stronger than אָרוּר (arur); must use a distinct Bengali phrase, not the milder অভিশপ্ত; flag for theologian review as the book’s climactic closing warning. |
| Hearts of fathers to children | לֵב אָבוֹת עַל־בָּנִים (lev avot al-banim) | পিতাদের হৃদয় সন্তানদের প্রতি (ফিরিয়ে দেওয়া) | pitader hridoy shontander proti (firiye dewa) | Medium | CR | 4:6 | Restoration idiom; preserve the active, divinely-wrought “turning” sense supplied by the verb, not present in the bare noun phrase. |
Section 3 — Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms) | Count (reused terms) | Review routing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical | 9 | 2 | Human theologian review — every occurrence |
| High | 12 | 6 | Human theologian review |
| Medium | 12 | 1 | Native speaker review |
| Low / Low-Medium | 5 | 1 | Automated / native speaker spot-check |
Total new terms proposed for translation memory: 38 Total terms reused exactly from Romans baseline: 10
Section 4 — Terms Requiring the Most Urgent Human Theologian Attention
In descending priority for Phase 2 planning:
- מַלְאַךְ הַבְּרִית (নিয়মের দূত, “messenger of the covenant”) — core passage, Christological identity question (Malachi 3:1).
- חֵרֶם (সম্পূর্ণ বিনাশ, “utter destruction”) — book’s climactic closing warning (4:6).
- זֶבַח / מִנְחָה (বলিদান / নৈবেদ্য, “sacrifice/offering”) — Shakta-Hindu and Hindu-puja lexical collision (1:8, 1:10-13, 3:3-4).
- סֵפֶר זִכָּרוֹן (স্মরণপুস্তক, “book of remembrance”) — Chitragupta karmic-ledger collision risk (3:16).
- שֶׁמֶש צְדָקָה (ধার্মিকতার সূর্য, “sun of righteousness”) — solar-deity collision risk, messianic freight (4:2).
- בָּגַד (বিশ্বাসঘাতকতা করা, “deal treacherously”) — semantic hinge across corrupt-worship and marriage doctrines (2:10-16).
- שׁוּב (ফিরে আসা, “return/repent”) — OT/NT repentance-vocabulary consistency across the full destination-language Bible curriculum library.
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment) before any Phase 2 Malachi segment translation begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God’s Unchanging Love for His People
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Inherited from Romans package (baseline term “god”). ঈশ্বর is the stabilized mainstream Bengali Christian term. In Malachi, anchors 2:10’s “has not one God created us?” (אֵל אֶחָד) and every generic divine reference outside the covenant-name occurrences (see yhwh, yhwh_of_hosts). Never ভগবান (Hindu bhakti devotional address) or আল্লাহ (Islamic-idiom option).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ধার্মিকতা
Transliteration: dharmikota
Doctrine: The Coming Messenger and the Day of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, পুণ্য, ন্যায়
Original: צְדָקָה
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ধর্ম. In Malachi anchors 3:3 (“offerings in righteousness”) and 4:2 (“the sun of righteousness”). Must remain forensic/relational right-standing, never collapse into religious-identity language (ধর্ম) nor be confused with ন্যায়বিচার (justice, see justice entry).
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: The Coming Messenger and the Day of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Inherited from Romans package (renders κύριος there; in Malachi renders הָאָדוֹן, ha’adon, 3:1, “the Lord whom you seek”). Must be kept rigorously distinct from সদাপ্রভু (yhwh, the personal covenant name) so Bengali readers can track that Malachi 3:1 names two distinct Hebrew address-forms in a single verse. Exclusive, supreme Lordship, not one honorific among several.
Messiah
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: The Coming Messenger and the Day of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ
Inherited from Romans package. Not present as a lexeme in Malachi’s Hebrew text, but essential background vocabulary for teaching materials that connect 3:1’s messenger_of_covenant and 4:2’s sun_of_righteousness to the church’s historic messianic reading. Use only in teaching notes/typological commentary, never inserted into the base translation of the Hebrew text itself.
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Honor Due to God as Father and Master
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকর্তা
Original: אָב
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Anchors Malachi 1:6 (“a son honors his father… if I am a father, where is my honor?”) and 2:10 (“have we not all one father?”). Never substitute a Hindu creator-deity name; must retain relational, non-biological framing, a live pastoral concern given some Muslim-background readers’ rejection of literal divine fatherhood.
Yhwh
Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভু
Transliteration: Shodaprobhu
Doctrine: God’s Unchanging Love for His People
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ, প্রভু (reserved for אָדוֹן/κύριος address forms)
Original: יְהוָה
Category: God
New — proposed for TM. The personal covenant name יְהוָה, used roughly two dozen times across Malachi as the divine speaker’s self-identification (e.g. 1:2, 3:6, 3:7). সদাপ্রভু is the established Bengali Old Testament rendering and must be kept distinct from প্রভু (lord, אָדוֹן-type address). Never ভগবান or আল্লাহ.
Yhwh Of Hosts
Approved rendering: বাহিনীগণের সদাপ্রভু
Transliteration: Bahinigoner Shodaprobhu
Doctrine: The Coming Messenger and the Day of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি (forbidden for ‘hosts’), বাহিনীর ঈশ্বর
Original: יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת
Category: God
New — proposed for TM. Recurring self-identification formula (יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת) appearing roughly two dozen times across Malachi (1:4,6,8-14; 2:2,4,7-8,12,16; 3:1,5,7,10-12,14,17; 4:1,3). Render “hosts” as বাহিনী (army/host), NEVER শক্তি, which would import the strong Shakta-Hindu goddess-power association forbidden for power_of_god in the Romans baseline. Fixed title-pairing; must not drift in rendering across occurrences.
Purify Theological
Approved rendering: পবিত্র করা
Transliteration: Pobitro Kora
Doctrine: Refining Judgment and Purification of Worship
Rejected alternatives: শুদ্ধিকরণ
Original: טהר
Category: Sanctification
New — proposed for TM. טהר applied to the theological purification of persons — “he will purify the sons of Levi” (3:3) — the core passage’s central purification claim. Deliberately aligned with পবিত্র (sanctification family, Romans baseline) rather than a separate cleansing word, and kept SEPARATE from refine_purify_craft (the plain metallurgical verb), so craft-metaphor and doctrinal category are not confused. Never শুদ্ধিকরণ (Hindu shuddhi association).
Sacrifice Animal
Approved rendering: বলিদান / বলি
Transliteration: Bolidan / Boli
Doctrine: Corrupt Worship and a Broken Covenant
Rejected alternatives: euphemistic avoidance strategies (rejected; would produce an opaque, non-referential translation)
Original: זֶבַח
Category: Worship
New — proposed for TM. זֶבַח — animal sacrifice specifically (1:8, 1:14), the corrupted blind/lame/sick animals offered by the priests. IDENTICAL lexical form to Bengali Shakta-Hindu animal-sacrifice practice at Kali/Durga shrines (Kalighat, Dakshineswar). No viable substitute exists; mandatory fencing required: always co-locate with explicit Mosaic-institutional framing (e.g. ‘ব্যবস্থার নিয়মে বলিদান’) and a standing translator note distinguishing this as critique internal to the closed Mosaic cultic system, not commentary on or validation of contemporary Hindu ritual sacrifice. Flag every occurrence for human theologian review.
Messenger Of Covenant
Approved rendering: নিয়মের দূত
Transliteration: Niyomer Duto
Doctrine: The Coming Messenger and the Day of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘religious envoy’ paraphrase, premature messianic title collapse (e.g. rendering as a title that names Christ outright in the base text)
Original: מַלְאַךְ הַבְּרִית
Category: Christology
New — proposed for TM. מַלְאַךְ הַבְּרִית (3:1) — CORE PASSAGE TERM. Combines নিয়ম (covenant, baseline) with দূত (messenger, new). The Hebrew syntax itself leaves ambiguous whether this figure is identical to, or distinct from, ‘the Lord’ (প্রভু) of the same verse; the Bengali rendering must PRESERVE, not resolve, this ambiguity. Flag every occurrence for human theologian review; teaching notes must present the historic Christian messianic reading as an interpretive layer distinct from the base translation.
Utter Destruction
Approved rendering: সম্পূর্ণ বিনাশ
Transliteration: Shompurno Binash
Doctrine: Warning of Utter Destruction
Rejected alternatives: অভিশপ্ত (categorically too weak), বিনাশ alone (ambiguous; could read as ordinary loss)
Original: חֵרֶם
Category: Eschatology
New — proposed for TM. חֵרֶם (4:6) — total, irrevocable destruction/ban, historically associated with holy-war annihilation. Must never be flattened into the milder cursed (অভিশপ্ত, ch. 1); as the book’s climactic closing warning immediately preceding the New Testament, softening this term blunts the book’s entire rhetorical and canonical function. Flag for human theologian review.
Return Repent
Approved rendering: ফিরে আসা
Transliteration: Fire Asha
Doctrine: The Call to Repentance before the Great Day
Rejected alternatives: মন পরিবর্তন (NT μετάνοια-derived phrase; reserved for future NT curricula, not this OT covenant-turning concept)
Original: שׁוּב
Category: Repentance
New — proposed for TM. שׁוּב (3:7), “Return to me!” — the OT’s primary covenant-turning repentance term. Keep distinct from any future NT μετάνοια-derived rendering elsewhere in the destination-language Bible-curriculum library; flag for cross-document consistency check and human theologian review.
Deal Treacherously
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাসঘাতকতা করা
Transliteration: Bishwasghatokota Kora
Doctrine: Faithfulness in Marriage
Rejected alternatives: inconsistent synonyms used across the cultic (ch.1-2:9) vs. marital (2:10-16) contexts
Original: בָּגַד
Category: Marriage
New — proposed for TM. בָּגַד — the semantic hinge verb linking corrupt-worship (ch. 1) to marital unfaithfulness (2:10, 11, 14, 15, 16). Mandate identical rendering at every occurrence; inconsistency would sever a connection central to the book’s own argument. Flag every occurrence for human theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: Faithfulness in Tithing and Marriage
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য
Inherited from Romans package. Malachi-specific application: the tithing doctrine (3:8-12) must be taught as a grace-responsive covenant obligation flowing from God’s prior unchanging love (3:6-7), never as a merit-earning transaction (“give to get blessing”). Cross-reference tithe, rob_god.
Holy
Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Corrupt Worship and a Broken Covenant
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Original: קדשׁ (root)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. In Malachi forms a fixed antonym pair with অপবিত্র করা (profane_defile, 2:10-11) and underlies পবিত্র করা (purify_theological, 3:3). Set-apart moral/relational purity, not ritual-purity (see defiled_ritual).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: পবিত্রীকরণ
Transliteration: pobitrikoron
Doctrine: Corrupt Worship and a Broken Covenant
Rejected alternatives: শুদ্ধিকরণ
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER শুদ্ধিকরণ (Hindu ritual-purity/shuddhi association). In Malachi this baseline term is deliberately kept SEPARATE from the literal metallurgical refining verb পরিশোধন করা (refine_purify_craft, 3:2-3) and instead aligned with পবিত্র করা (purify_theological) for the theological purification of the sons of Levi, so craft-metaphor and doctrinal category are not confused.
Law
Approved rendering: ব্যবস্থা
Transliteration: bebostha
Doctrine: Corruption of the Levitical Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, শরিয়ত, নিয়ম
Original: תּוֹרָה
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. In Malachi anchors “the law of truth” (তোরাত emet, 2:6) that the priesthood corrupted, and 4:4’s closing summons to “remember the law of Moses.” NEVER ধর্ম or শরিয়ত.
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Corrupt Worship and a Broken Covenant
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Inherited from Romans package. In Malachi kept explicitly distinct from ritual/cultic defilement (অশুচি, see defiled_ritual, 1:7) — moral transgression before a personal God, not ceremonial unacceptability.
Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: Universal Recognition of God’s Name Among the Nations
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Inherited from Romans package. Must be kept distinct from সম্মান (relational_honor, כָּבוֹד in 1:6, honor owed to a father/master) and from মহান (great, of reputation, 1:11/1:14) — মহিমা is reserved exclusively for divine radiant splendor, never diluted into ordinary greatness-of-reputation language.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer shamorthyo
Doctrine: The Coming Messenger and the Day of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER শক্তি. Directly informs the fencing strategy for yhwh_of_hosts (“LORD of hosts,” 1:4 etc.): “hosts/armies” is rendered বাহিনী, never শক্তি, to avoid the same Shakta-Hindu goddess-power association this baseline entry already forbids.
Covenant
Approved rendering: নিয়ম
Transliteration: niyom
Doctrine: Corrupt Worship and a Broken Covenant
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি, অঙ্গীকার
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Apply নিয়ম identically across every Malachi covenant context — the Levitical covenant (2:4-8), the marriage covenant (wife_of_covenant, 2:14), and messenger_of_covenant (3:1) — rather than introducing separate words per context, so the book’s single covenant-lens across worship and marriage remains visible.
Election
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন
Transliteration: Ishshorer monownoyon
Doctrine: Divine Election (Jacob and Esau)
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি, কর্মফল
Original: cf. יַעֲקֹב / עֵשָׂו narrative (no single Hebrew lexeme in Malachi)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Anchors the Jacob/Esau paradigm case (1:2-5) as God’s sovereign, personal choice — never rendered through, or explained by, karma-determined fate (ভাগ্য/নিয়তি/কর্মফল). Cross-reference comparative_hate and treasured_possession.
Covenantal Love
Approved rendering: ভালোবাসা
Transliteration: Bhalobasha
Doctrine: God’s Unchanging Love for His People
Original: אָהַב / אָהַבְתִּי
Category: God
New — proposed for TM. “I have loved [Jacob]” (1:2), the anchor verse for the doctrine title. Ordinary Bengali ভালোবাসা spans romantic, filial, and general affection with no built-in covenantal marker. Must always carry a translator note specifying electing, covenant-founding love (cross-reference election), not sentiment; must not be assimilated to bhakti merit-responsive devotional reciprocity.
Comparative Hate
Approved rendering: ঘৃণা করেছি
Transliteration: Ghrina Korechi
Doctrine: Divine Election (Jacob and Esau)
Rejected alternatives: softened paraphrase ‘ভালোবাসা কম’ (rejected; loses the Hebrew idiom’s deliberate rhetorical provocation, quoted with full force in Romans 9:13)
Original: שָׁנֵאתִי / שָׂנֵא
Category: God
New — proposed for TM. “I have hated [Esau]” (1:3) — a Hebraic idiom of comparative non-preference in an election context (cf. Genesis 29:31), not visceral emotional hostility. Retain the literal rendering but mandate an explanatory translator note at every occurrence to prevent readers hearing capricious divine hostility or a karma-merit explanation for Esau’s rejection.
Reverential Fear
Approved rendering: ভয়
Transliteration: Bhoy
Doctrine: Honor Due to God as Father and Master
Rejected alternatives: শ্রদ্ধা
Original: מוֹרָא / יִרְאָה
Category: God
New — proposed for TM. מוֹרָא/יִרְאָה — reverential fear/awe owed to God as Master (1:6) and characterizing the faithful remnant (those_who_fear_the_lord, 3:5, 3:16). Must convey reverential awe, not mere terror, and never শ্রদ্ধা (Hindu devotional-reverence connotation, already rejected in the Romans baseline for faith).
Immutability
Approved rendering: পরিবর্তিত হই না / অপরিবর্তনীয়
Transliteration: Poriborthito Hoi Na / Oporiborthonio
Doctrine: God’s Unchanging Love for His People
Original: שָׁנָה (לֹא שָׁנִיתִי)
Category: God
New — proposed for TM. “For I the LORD do not change” (3:6) — the explicit textual anchor for the doctrine title. Prefer the personal verbal form পরিবর্তিত হই না over the abstract nominal অপরিবর্তনীয় for primary use; the abstract form reads closer to the Vedantic Brahman’s impersonal, attributeless changelessness, the opposite of Malachi’s personal, relational, covenant-keeping claim. Always pair with covenant-keeping language.
Profane Defile
Approved rendering: অপবিত্র করা
Transliteration: Opobitro Kora
Doctrine: Corruption of the Levitical Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: অশুদ্ধ করা (weakens the deliberate antonym pairing with পবিত্র)
Original: חָלַל
Category: Sanctification
New — proposed for TM. חָלַל, the direct antonym of holy (2:10-11). Fixed antonym-pairing with পবিত্র (Romans baseline term) strengthens the holy/profane doctrinal contrast across the curriculum; do not substitute a synonym for variety.
Refine Purify Craft
Approved rendering: পরিশোধন করা
Transliteration: Porishodhon Kora
Doctrine: Refining Judgment and Purification of Worship
Rejected alternatives: পবিত্রীকরণ (reserved for theological sanctification)
Original: צרף / זקק
Category: Worship
New — proposed for TM. צרף/זקק — the literal smelting/refining of silver and gold (3:2-3), the craft-metaphor vehicle for the coming One’s purifying visitation. Kept lexically separate from purify_theological to avoid confusing the metallurgical image with the doctrinal category.
Refiners Fire
Approved rendering: পরিশোধক আগুন
Transliteration: Porishodhok Agun
Doctrine: Refining Judgment and Purification of Worship
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘জ্বলন্ত আগুন’ (loses the purifying-not-merely-destructive nuance)
Original: אֵשׁ מְצָרֵף
Category: Worship
New — proposed for TM. אֵשׁ מְצָרֵף (3:2) — judgment imagery that purifies rather than merely destroys. Must be visually and lexically distinguished in teaching materials from furnace_judgment (চুল্লি/অগ্নিকুণ্ড, 4:1), the purely destructive fire image; conflating the two collapses a deliberate literary/theological contrast.
Offering Grain
Approved rendering: নৈবেদ্য
Transliteration: Noibeddo
Doctrine: Corrupt Worship and a Broken Covenant
Original: מִנְחָה
Category: Worship
New — proposed for TM. מִנְחָה — grain/gift/tribute offering (1:10-13; 3:3-4), distinct from sacrifice_animal. IDENTICAL lexical form to food offerings placed before Hindu deity images in daily puja — higher everyday-exposure risk than sacrifice_animal since this is part of ordinary household devotional life, not only major festivals. Fixed collocation required: ‘সদাপ্রভুর উদ্দেশ্যে নৈবেদ্য,’ never a bare noun. Flag for human theologian review.
Temple
Approved rendering: মন্দির
Transliteration: Mondir
Doctrine: The Coming Messenger and the Day of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: bare/unqualified মন্দির without possessive framing
Original: הֵיכָל
Category: Worship
New — proposed for TM. הֵיכָל — the Jerusalem Temple (3:1). Everyday Bengali default sense is a Hindu temple; must always appear in the fixed collocation ‘সদাপ্রভুর মন্দির’ or ‘জেরুশালেমের মন্দির,’ never bare, so readers track a unique historical referent rather than a generic sacred-shrine category. Distinct from the Romans baseline’s rejection of মন্দির for church/ekklesia.
Messenger
Approved rendering: দূত
Transliteration: Duto
Doctrine: The Coming Messenger and the Day of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: ফেরেশতা, প্রেরিত (reserved for delegated apostolic office)
Original: מַלְאָךְ
Category: Christology
New — proposed for TM. מַלְאָךְ — “my messenger” (3:1), a forerunner figure dispatched by God, and the wordplay on the book’s own title. Never ফেরেশতা (Perso-Arabic/Islamic-idiom angel register). Always paired with ‘আমার’ (my) at 3:1 to retain the personal-commissioning sense.
Day Of The Lord Coming
Approved rendering: তাঁর আসার দিন / আসছে সেই দিন
Transliteration: Tar Ashar Din / Ashche Sei Din
Doctrine: The Day of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: cyclically-suggestive phrasing such as ‘প্রতি যুগে’ (every age/cycle)
Original: יוֹם בּוֹאוֹ / יוֹם בָּא
Category: Eschatology
New — proposed for TM. יוֹם בּוֹאוֹ / יוֹם ה׳ (3:2; 4:1, 4:5) — the climactic Day-of-the-LORD motif. Must be kept consistent across all occurrences and framed as a single, linear, unrepeatable historical culmination, never assimilated to Hindu cyclical yuga cosmology.
Sun Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: ধার্মিকতার সূর্য
Transliteration: Dharmikotar Shurjo
Doctrine: The Sun of Righteousness and Messianic Healing
Rejected alternatives: bare title-like noun phrase without explicit simile framing
Original: שֶׁמֶש צְדָקָה
Category: Christology
New — proposed for TM. שֶׁמֶש צְדָקָה (4:2), pairing righteousness (baseline term) with sun. Bengal’s active solar-deity (Surya) veneration tradition creates real collision risk, compounded by this image’s messianic freight. Must be framed explicitly as simile (‘ধার্মিকতা সূর্যের মতো উঠবে’), never as a bare title. Flag for human theologian review.
Book Of Remembrance
Approved rendering: স্মরণপুস্তক
Transliteration: Shoronpustok
Doctrine: God’s Faithful Remnant and the Book of Remembrance
Original: סֵפֶר זִכָּרוֹן
Category: Eschatology
New — proposed for TM. סֵפֶר זִכָּרוֹן (3:16). High syncretism risk: closely parallels the widely known Bengali Hindu folk-mythological figure of Chitragupta, the divine scribe tallying punya/paap for post-mortem judgment. Mandatory translator note distinguishing gracious, relational covenant-remembrance from a karmic merit-ledger. Flag for human theologian review.
Wife Of Covenant
Approved rendering: তোমার নিয়মের স্ত্রী
Transliteration: Tomar Niyomer Stri
Doctrine: Faithfulness in Marriage
Rejected alternatives: diluted social-only rendering that drops নিয়ম (covenant)
Original: אֵשֶׁת בְּרִיתֶךָ
Category: Marriage
New — proposed for TM. אֵשֶׁת בְּרִיתֶךָ (2:14). Applies the same covenant-word (নিয়ম) to marriage as to Israel’s national covenant; must be preserved, not diluted into a merely social ‘wife’ reference, since the phrase is unusual in Bengali by design and requires a first-occurrence explanatory note.
Daughter Of Foreign God
Approved rendering: বিদেশী দেবতার কন্যা
Transliteration: Bideshi Debotar Konya
Doctrine: Faithfulness in Marriage
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বর (reserved exclusively for the true God per the Romans baseline)
Original: בַּת־אֵל נֵכָר
Category: Marriage
New — proposed for TM. בַּת־אֵל נֵכָר (2:11). Establishes দেবতা (a false/pagan deity) as categorically distinct from ঈশ্বর (the true God, Critical, Romans baseline). This দেবতা/ঈশ্বর distinction is a firm, documented Malachi-specific translation convention for this curriculum, to be carried into future OT curricula.
Divorce
Approved rendering: বিবাহবিচ্ছেদ
Transliteration: Bibahobiccheddo
Doctrine: Faithfulness in Marriage
Rejected alternatives: softened renderings of ‘I hate divorce’
Original: שָׁלַח (idiom)
Category: Marriage
New — proposed for TM. שָׁלַח idiom (2:16), “For I hate divorce, says the LORD” — the anchor verse for the marriage-faithfulness doctrine. Must be unambiguous and unsoftened; frame as covenant theology (marriage-breaking equated with idol-worship-grade treachery), not merely social/legal commentary.
Sorcerer
Approved rendering: জাদুকর
Transliteration: Jadukor
Doctrine: Occult Practice as Covenant Unfaithfulness
Rejected alternatives: তান্ত্রিক, ওঝা, ফকির
Original: מְכַשֵּׁף
Category: Ethics
New — proposed for TM. מְכַשֵּׁף (3:5), listed among those God will judge. Bengal has an active folk-religious landscape of tantriks/ojhas/fakirs consulted across both Hindu and Muslim popular practice; a specific named-practitioner term risks naming a real living social role rather than a general biblical category. Use the generic জাদুকর only. Flag for human theologian review.
Medium Risk Terms
Gentiles
Approved rendering: পরজাতি
Transliteration: porojati
Doctrine: Universal Recognition of God’s Name Among the Nations
Rejected alternatives: বিদেশী
Inherited from Romans package. Renders גּוֹיִם in Malachi 1:11, 1:14 (“my name will be great among the nations”). Kept distinct from গৈর/প্রবাসী (sojourner, a narrower protected-resident category, see sojourner) and from মহান (great/reputation) vs মহিমা (glory) — see relational_honor and glory.
Israel
Approved rendering: ইস্রায়েল
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: God’s Unchanging Love for His People
Inherited from Romans package. Established proper-name form; the covenant people addressed throughout Malachi’s oracles, contrasted with Edom (see esau) in 1:2-5.
Relational Honor
Approved rendering: সম্মান
Transliteration: Shomman
Doctrine: Honor Due to God as Father and Master
Rejected alternatives: মহিমা (reserved exclusively for divine glory)
Original: כָּבוֹד
Category: God
New — proposed for TM. כָּבוֹד in its relational sense (1:6): the honor a son/servant owes a father/master. Kept strictly distinct from মহিমা (glory, divine radiance) so relational honor and divine radiant splendor are never conflated across the curriculum.
Launderers Soap
Approved rendering: ধোপার সাবান
Transliteration: Dhopar Shabon
Doctrine: Refining Judgment and Purification of Worship
Original: בֹּרִית מְכַבְּסִים
Category: Worship
New — proposed for TM. בֹּרִית מְכַבְּסִים (3:2), the second cleansing-purification image paired with refiners_fire. Low-collision material-culture image; add a brief note distinguishing this simile from Hindu ritual-cleansing (shuddhi) practice — this is a simile for moral/priestly purification, not a ritual rite in itself.
Table Altar
Approved rendering: মেজ / বেদি
Transliteration: Mej / Bedi
Doctrine: Corrupt Worship and a Broken Covenant
Rejected alternatives: bare literal মেজ without a clarifying gloss
Original: שֻׁלְחָן
Category: Worship
New — proposed for TM. שֻׁלְחָן (1:7, 1:12), literal ‘table,’ metonym for the sacrificial altar the priests treat with contempt. বেদি (altar) recommended over the literal মেজ (table) for clarity, with a brief clarifying gloss the first time it appears.
Defiled Ritual
Approved rendering: অশুচি
Transliteration: Oshuchi
Doctrine: Corrupt Worship and a Broken Covenant
Rejected alternatives: পাপ (reserved for moral transgression, per Romans baseline)
Original: טָמֵא
Category: Worship
New — proposed for TM. טָמֵא (1:7), ritual/cultic defilement of the offerings, distinct from পাপ (moral sin). Avoid pairing with any language implying social/caste rank; keep the contrast strictly cultic-offering-quality (blind/lame/sick animals), not person-purity.
Cursed
Approved rendering: অভিশপ্ত
Transliteration: Ovishopto
Doctrine: Corrupt Worship and a Broken Covenant
Rejected alternatives: conflating with utter_destruction (সম্পূর্ণ বিনাশ)
Original: אָרוּר
Category: Worship
New — proposed for TM. אָרוּר — formal covenant-curse language (1:14; 2:2; 3:9). Standard and well understood, but must be kept terminologically WEAKER than, and distinct from, the categorically stronger utter_destruction (חֵרֶם, 4:6); do not conflate the two curse-registers. Not folk-curse/black-magic sorcery — this is covenantal, forensic cursing.
Tithe
Approved rendering: দশমাংশ
Transliteration: Doshomangsho
Doctrine: Faithfulness in Tithing
Original: מַעֲשֵׂר
Category: Worship
New — proposed for TM. מַעֲשֵׂר (3:8-10), the tenth portion set apart for God. Transparent, low-collision term; teaching material must clarify this is a grace-responsive covenant obligation (cross-reference grace), not a merit-earning transaction.
Rob God
Approved rendering: ঠকানো / প্রতারণা করা
Transliteration: Thokano / Protarona Kora
Doctrine: Faithfulness in Tithing
Rejected alternatives: softened renderings such as ‘disappoint’ or ‘fail to honor’
Original: קָבַע
Category: Worship
New — proposed for TM. קָבַע (3:8-9) — “Will man rob God?” Must preserve the rhetorical shock of the accusation; never softened.
Windows Of Heaven
Approved rendering: আকাশের দ্বার
Transliteration: Akasher Dwar
Doctrine: Faithfulness in Tithing
Original: אֲרֻבּוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם
Category: Worship
New — proposed for TM. אֲרֻבּוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם (3:10). Standard figurative-blessing image; keep the promise conditioned on covenant faithfulness, not framed as an automatic prosperity-gospel formula.
Furnace Judgment
Approved rendering: চুল্লি / অগ্নিকুণ্ড
Transliteration: Chulli / Ognikundo
Doctrine: The Day of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: conflating with refiners_fire (পরিশোধক আগুন)
Original: תַּנּוּר
Category: Eschatology
New — proposed for TM. תַּנּוּר (4:1) — total, consuming judgment on the arrogant, contrasted with the purifying refiners_fire of 3:2-3. Must be kept lexically and conceptually distinct from that purifying image; this fire destroys rather than purifies.
Elijah The Prophet
Approved rendering: এলিয় ভাববাদী
Transliteration: Eliyo Bhabbadi
Doctrine: Elijah as Forerunner Typology
Original: אֵלִיָּהוּ הַנָּבִיא
Category: Christology
New — proposed for TM. אֵלִיָּהוּ הַנָּבִיא (4:5), promised forerunner before the Day of the LORD, typologically identified in the NT with John the Baptist. Render consistently with messenger (3:1) so the literary/typological link across the book remains visible to learners.
Hearts Of Fathers To Children
Approved rendering: পিতাদের হৃদয় সন্তানদের প্রতি ফিরিয়ে দেওয়া
Transliteration: Pitader Hridoy Shontander Proti Firiye Dewa
Doctrine: Elijah as Forerunner Typology
Original: לֵב אָבוֹת עַל־בָּנִים
Category: Eschatology
New — proposed for TM. לֵב אָבוֹת עַל־בָּנִים (4:6), a restoration idiom with no fixed Bengali equivalent; requires a full descriptive clause. Retain the active, divinely-wrought ‘turning’ sense supplied by the underlying Hebrew verb, not present in a bare noun phrase.
Those Who Fear The Lord
Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভুকে ভয় করে যারা
Transliteration: Shodaprobhuke Bhoy Kore Jara
Doctrine: God’s Faithful Remnant and the Book of Remembrance
Original: יִרְאֵי יְהוָה
Category: Eschatology
New — proposed for TM. יִרְאֵי יְהוָה (2:17; 3:14-16), the faithful remnant contrasted with the cynical majority. Combines yhwh and reverential_fear; ensure both components remain individually consistent with their own entries.
Treasured Possession
Approved rendering: বিশেষ সম্পদ
Transliteration: Bishesh Shompod
Doctrine: God’s Unchanging Love for His People
Original: סְגֻלָּה
Category: Salvation
New — proposed for TM. סְגֻלָּה (3:17), reaffirming God’s unchanging love in covenant-ownership terms. Must be read relationally — a possession cherished, not merely owned/exploited. Cross-reference election.
Violence
Approved rendering: সহিংসতা
Transliteration: Shohingshota
Doctrine: Faithfulness in Marriage
Original: חָמָס
Category: Marriage
New — proposed for TM. חָמָס (2:16), “he covers his garment with violence” — divorce categorized as an act of violence against a covenant partner. Standard term; the collocation with divorce is unusual for Bengali readers and benefits from a brief explanatory clause.
Adulterer
Approved rendering: ব্যভিচারী
Transliteration: Bebhichari
Doctrine: Divine Justice for the Vulnerable
Original: מְנָאֵף
Category: Ethics
New — proposed for TM. מְנָאֵף (3:5), named alongside sorcerers and oppressors as an object of divine judgment. Standard, established term with low ambiguity.
Oppressor Hired Worker
Approved rendering: মজুরির বেতন আটকে রাখা শোষক
Transliteration: Mojurir Beton Atke Rakha Shoshok
Doctrine: Divine Justice for the Vulnerable
Original: עֹשֵׁק שְׂכַר־שָׂכִיר
Category: Ethics
New — proposed for TM. עֹשֵׁק שְׂכַר־שָׂכִיר (3:5) — economic injustice placed in the same judgment list as cultic/ritual sin. Preserve this pairing rather than separating ‘spiritual’ from ‘social’ concern in teaching material.
Sojourner
Approved rendering: প্রবাসী / বিদেশী বাসিন্দা
Transliteration: Probashi / Bideshi Bashinda
Doctrine: Divine Justice for the Vulnerable
Rejected alternatives: পরজাতি (reserved for nations at large, גּוֹיִם)
Original: גֵּר
Category: Ethics
New — proposed for TM. גֵּר (3:5), a non-Israelite resident alien entitled to covenant protections. Kept distinct from gentiles (a broader, non-resident category).
Deceiver Swindler
Approved rendering: প্রতারক
Transliteration: Protarok
Doctrine: Corrupt Worship and a Broken Covenant
Original: נוֹכֵל
Category: Ethics
New — proposed for TM. נוֹכֵל (1:14), one who vows a good animal but substitutes a defective one — insincerity in worship. Standard term, low-to-medium ambiguity.
Justice
Approved rendering: ন্যায়বিচার
Transliteration: Nyayobichar
Doctrine: Divine Justice for the Vulnerable
Rejected alternatives: ন্যায় (rejected in the Romans baseline as an alternative for righteousness)
Original: מִשְׁפָּט
Category: Ethics
New — proposed for TM. מִשְׁפָּט (2:17), “Where is the God of justice?” — answered directly in 3:1-5. Adopted as the standard Malachi rendering for מִשְׁפָּט, distinct from ধার্মিকতা (righteousness).
Oracle Burden
Approved rendering: ভাববাণী (গুরুভার)
Transliteration: Bhabbani (Guruvar)
Doctrine: The Coming Messenger and the Day of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: bare ভাববাণী without the weight-qualifier
Original: מַשָּׂא
Category: Covenant
New — proposed for TM. מַשָּׂא (1:1), the superscription formula for a heavy, authoritative judgment-oracle. Reuses the baseline prophecy term ভাববাণী with a bracketed weight-qualifier গুরুভার so the technical judgment-oracle nuance is not flattened into a routine prophecy.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: ভাববাদী
Transliteration: bhabbadi
Doctrine: Elijah as Forerunner Typology
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতিষী
Original: נָבִיא
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to Elijah (4:5, אֵלִיָּהוּ הַנָּבִיא, see elijah_the_prophet) and used generically for the book’s own prophetic voice. Do not confuse with জ্যোতিষী (astrologer/fortune-teller).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ভাববাণী
Transliteration: bhabbani
Doctrine: The Coming Messenger and the Day of the LORD
Rejected alternatives: গণনা
Inherited from Romans package. Provides the root word for the Malachi-specific compound oracle_burden (ভাববাণী + গুরুভার) rendering מַשָּׂא in 1:1; the bare form ভাববাণী alone understates 1:1’s heavier judgment-oracle connotation.
Storehouse
Approved rendering: ভাণ্ডারঘর
Transliteration: Bhandarghor
Doctrine: Faithfulness in Tithing
Original: בֵּית הָאֹצָר
Category: Worship
New — proposed for TM. בֵּית הָאֹצָר (3:10), the Temple storeroom for tithes/offerings — a concrete, communal, temple-administered destination for the tithe, minimal doctrinal risk.
Stubble
Approved rendering: খড়কুটা
Transliteration: Khorkuta
Doctrine: The Day of the LORD
Original: קַשׁ
Category: Eschatology
New — proposed for TM. קַשׁ (4:1) — dry harvest residue, totally consumed by fire; standard agrarian image, well understood in Bengali rural context.
Healing
Approved rendering: আরোগ্য
Transliteration: Arogyo
Doctrine: The Sun of Righteousness and Messianic Healing
Original: מַרְפֵּא
Category: Christology
New — proposed for TM. מַרְפֵּא (4:2) — physical/spiritual restoration accompanying the rising sun of righteousness; standard, low-ambiguity term.
Widow And Orphan
Approved rendering: বিধবা ও অনাথ
Transliteration: Bidhoba O Onath
Doctrine: Divine Justice for the Vulnerable
Original: אַלְמָנָה וְיָתוֹם
Category: Ethics
New — proposed for TM. אַלְמָנָה וְיָתוֹם (3:5), the standard OT vulnerable-persons pairing whose oppression God specifically avenges. Minimal doctrinal risk.
Referenced passages