Core Glossary
08 — Core Glossary: Mark
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, citing every chapter of Mark in which the term appears. Terms marked [REUSED] carry forward the baseline Romans translation_memory.json rendering exactly, without modification. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions for the Mark curriculum’s translation memory, pending Phase 1 Step 8/9 confirmation and formal addition to a Mark-specific translation memory file in a later step. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low framework.
A. Christology Terms
| # | English Term | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Mark Citations | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Son of God | ঈশ্বরের পুত্র | Ishshorer Putro | Critical | [REUSED] | 1:1,11; 3:11; 5:7; 9:7; 14:61; 15:39 | Never দেবপুত্র. Climactic Gentile confession at 15:39. |
| 2 | Son of Man | মনুষ্যপুত্র | Manushyoputro | Critical | [NEW] | 2:10,28; 8:31,38; 9:9,12,31; 10:33,45; 13:26; 14:21,41,62 | Combines humility with Daniel 7 apocalyptic authority; risk of collapse into mere-human-prophet Christology for Muslim-background readers, or one-avatar-among-many for Hindu-background readers. Translator note required at each Critical occurrence. |
| 3 | Christ / Messiah | খ্রীষ্ট | Khrishto | Critical | [REUSED] | 1:1; 8:29; 9:41; 12:35; 13:21-22; 14:61; 15:32 | Never মশীহ or অবতার পুরুষ. |
| 4 | Lord | প্রভু | Provu | Critical | [REUSED] | 1:3; 2:28; 5:19; 11:3,9; 12:29,36-37; 13:20,35 | Watch for the negative wordplay at 10:42 (κατακυριεύουσιν) — same root used pejoratively of worldly rulers; requires disambiguating note. |
| 5 | Incarnation (doctrinal category; cf. “flesh/born”) | দেহধারণ | Dehodharon | Critical | [REUSED] | Underlying 1:9-11 baptism/Sonship scene; cf. Son-of-David/Son-of-God tension at 12:35-37 | Never অবতার. |
| 6 | Transfigured | রূপান্তরিত হওয়া | Rupantorito howa | High | [NEW] | 9:2-8 | Unveiling of pre-existing glory, not a repeatable divine appearance/avatar. |
| 7 | Glory | মহিমা | Mohima | High | [REUSED] | 8:38; 9:3; 10:37; 13:26 | Never তেজ/জ্যোতি. |
| 8 | ”It is I” / I am | আমি | Ami | High | [NEW] | 6:50 | Possible theophanic echo (Exod 3:14 LXX); render plainly but flag for translator/teaching note. |
| 9 | Resurrection [of Christ / general] | পুনরুত্থান | Punorutthan | Critical | [REUSED] | 8:31; 9:9-10,31; 10:34; 12:18-27; 14:28; 16:6 | Never পুনর্জন্ম. |
| 10 | Crucify / cross | ক্রুশ / ক্রুশারোপণ করা | Krush / Krusharopon kora | Critical | [NEW] | 8:34; 10:21; 15:13-32 | Directly contradicts common Islamic denial of the historical crucifixion; translator note mandatory at every Ch.15 occurrence. |
| 11 | Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani | এলী, এলী, লামা শবক্তানী | Eli, Eli, lama sabakhtani | Critical | [NEW] | 15:34 | Quotation of Psalm 22:1; must not be softened or read as loss of Christ’s deity. |
B. Salvation / Atonement Terms
| # | English Term | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Mark Citations | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | Ransom | মুক্তির মূল্য | Mukti-r mullo | Critical | [NEW] | 10:45 | Root মুক্তি is the same forbidden root as baseline’s rejected “salvation” alternatives; মূল্য (“price”) anchors the commercial-substitution sense against a moksha-style reading. Never equate with পরিত্রাণ itself. |
| 13 | in place of / instead of (ἀντί) | পরিবর্তে | Poriborte | Critical | [NEW] | 10:45 | Substitutionary preposition; must not be flattened to জন্য (“for”), which loses the substitution force. |
| 14 | Salvation / saved [general] | পরিত্রাণ / রক্ষা পাওয়া (contextual, healing sense) | Poritran / rokkha pawa | Critical | [REUSED] | 3:4; 5:23,28,34; 8:35; 10:26,52; 13:13,20; 15:30-31 | Never মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত. Note the σῴζω wordplay between physical healing/rescue and full soteriological salvation across the book — flag for context-sensitive rendering (healing sense vs. full doctrinal sense). |
| 15 | Sin / forgive | পাপ / ক্ষমা করা | Pap / kkhoma kora | High | [REUSED]/[NEW] | 1:4-5; 2:5-10; 3:28-29 | Sin reused exactly from baseline; “forgive” (ক্ষমা করা) new but low-risk verb form. |
| 16 | Give his life | জীবন দেওয়া / প্রাণ দেওয়া | Jibon dewa / pran dewa | Medium | [NEW] | 10:45 | Render ψυχή as জীবন/প্রাণ, never আত্মা, to preserve the bodily reality of Christ’s death. |
| 17 | Suffer / must suffer | কষ্টভোগ করা / অবশ্যই …হতে হবে | Kosthobhog kora / obosshoi hote hobe | High | [NEW] | 8:31; 9:12,31; 10:33-34 | Vicarious, voluntary suffering — must not be read through a karmic-retribution lens. |
| 18 | Cup [of suffering] | পাত্র / কষ্টের পাত্র | Patro / kosthero patro | Critical | [NEW] | 10:38-39; 14:36 | OT wrath/suffering-portion background (Ps 75:8; Isa 51:17); links Mark 10 to Gethsemane. |
| 19 | Blood of the covenant / body, blood | নিয়ম-এর রক্ত / দেহ, রক্ত | Niyom-er rokto / deho, rokto | High | [REUSED]/[NEW] | 14:22-24 | Covenant reused from baseline; body/blood new — flag risk of assimilation to Hindu prasad ritual-food framework. |
| 20 | Temple curtain [torn] | পর্দা | Porda | Medium-High | [NEW] | 15:38 | Signifies opened access to God through the cross; not a mere architectural note. |
C. Kingdom, Faith, and Discipleship Terms
| # | English Term | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Mark Citations | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | Kingdom of God | ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য | Ishshorer Rajyo | Medium/High | [REUSED] | 1:15; 4:11,26,30; 9:1,47; 10:14-15,23-25; 12:34; 14:25; 15:43 | Reign breaking in, not a territorial/political state. |
| 22 | Has drawn near | নিকটবর্তী হয়েছে | Nikotborti hoyeche | Medium | [NEW] | 1:15 | Conveys already-but-not-yet inaugurated arrival. |
| 23 | Mystery | রহস্য | Rohosyo | High | [NEW] | 4:11 | Risk of confusion with Bengal’s Tantric esoteric-knowledge traditions; divine gift, not attained gnosis. |
| 24 | Faith / believe | বিশ্বাস | Bishwas | High | [REUSED] | 2:5; 4:40; 5:34,36; 6:6; 9:23-24; 10:52; 11:22-24 | Trust in Jesus specifically; never ঈমান/শ্রদ্ধা. |
| 25 | Unbelief | অবিশ্বাস | Obishwas | Medium | [NEW] | 6:6; 9:24 | Antonym of বিশ্বাস; retain personal-trust framing. |
| 26 | Fear | ভয় | Bhoy | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 4:40-41; 5:33,36; 6:50; 9:32; 10:32; 16:8 | Contrasted with faith throughout; anchors “Faith and Discipleship amid Fear.” |
| 27 | Disciple / follow | শিষ্য / অনুসরণ করা | Shishyo / anushoron kora | High | [NEW] | 1:16-20; 2:14; 8:34; 10:21,28,52 | শিষ্য collides with Hindu guru-shishya devotional tradition; retained as the only established Bengali Christian term, with mandatory framing notes. |
| 28 | Teacher / Rabbi | গুরু / শিক্ষক | Guru / shikkhok | High | [NEW] | 4:38; 9:5,17,38; 10:17,20,35,51; 11:21; 12:14,19,32; 13:1; 14:14,45 | গুরু risks reducing Jesus to one teacher among many in a pluralistic guru-tradition; pair with প্রভু/খ্রীষ্ট titles in context. |
| 29 | Repent / repentance | মন-ফেরানো | Mon-pherano | High | [NEW] | 1:4,15; 6:12 | Distinct from Islamic তওবা and Hindu prāyaścitta; established mainstream Bengali Christian idiom. |
| 30 | Deny himself | নিজেকে অস্বীকার করা | Nijeke oshikar kora | High | [NEW] | 8:34 | Willing relinquishment of self-rule, not self-annihilation (contra Hindu/Buddhist ego-dissolution). |
| 31 | Lose/save [one’s] life | জীবন হারানো / জীবন বাঁচানো | Jibon harano / jibon banchano | Medium | [NEW] | 8:35-37 | ψυχή as “whole life,” see #16 above. |
| 32 | Eternal life | অনন্ত জীবন | Anonto jibon | Medium | [NEW] | 10:17,30 | Bodily resurrection life through Christ, not disembodied immortality or moksha. |
| 33 | Mercy | দয়া | Doya | Medium | [NEW] | 10:47-48 | Compassionate, personal, undeserved favor; on-ramp to grace doctrine. |
D. Servanthood and Authority Terms
| # | English Term | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Mark Citations | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 34 | Authority | কর্তৃত্ব | Kartrittwo | Medium-High | [NEW] | 1:22,27; 2:10; 3:15; 6:7; 11:28-33 | Never শক্তি; distinguish from mere political power and folk supernatural power. |
| 35 | Servant (diakonos) | সেবক | Sebok | High | [NEW] | 9:35; 10:43,45 | Voluntary service as the substance of kingdom greatness, not resigned social status. |
| 36 | Slave (doulos) | দাস | Das | High | [NEW] | 10:44 | Heavy caste/bonded-labor connotation in Bengali culture; must convey voluntary self-giving, not endorsement of imposed servitude. |
| 37 | Lord it over / dominate | কর্তৃত্ব করে / প্রভুত্ব করে | Kartrittwo kore / provutto kore | High | [NEW] | 10:42 | Negative wordplay on the প্রভু root; requires disambiguating translator note. |
| 38 | Great / first / last | মহান / প্রথম / শেষ | Mohan / prothom / shesh | Low | [NEW] | 9:35; 10:31,43-44 | Kingdom-value inversion of worldly status categories. |
| 39 | Will of God | ঈশ্বরের ইচ্ছা | Ishshorer iccha | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 3:35 | Distinct from fatalistic ভাগ্য/নিয়তি. |
| 40 | Has been prepared [divine passive] | প্রস্তুত করা হয়েছে | Proshtut kora hoyeche | Medium-High | [NEW] | 10:40 | Implied divine Agent required; avoid fatalistic flatness. |
E. Spiritual Conflict Terms
| # | English Term | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Mark Citations | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | Unclean spirit / demon | অপবিত্র আত্মা | Opobitro attha | High | [NEW] | 1:23-27,32-34,39; 3:11,22-30; 5:1-20; 6:7,13; 7:25-30; 9:14-29 | Antonym-constructed against পবিত্র আত্মা; never ভূত (Bengali folk ghost/ancestor-spirit) or দৈত্য/অসুর (Hindu mythic demon). |
| 42 | Satan | শয়তান | Shoyton | Medium | [NEW] | 1:13; 3:23-26; 4:15; 8:33 | Shared vocabulary with Islamic usage; substantial conceptual overlap, but Mark’s “already-being-defeated” framing is distinctively Christian. |
| 43 | Beelzebul | বেলসবূল | Belsobul | Low | [NEW] | 3:22 | Transliterated proper name. |
| 44 | Legion | লেগিয়োন | Legiyon | Low | [NEW] | 5:9 | Roman military unit; footnote recommended. |
| 45 | Blasphemy [against the Holy Spirit] | ঈশ্বরনিন্দা | Ishshor-ninda | High | [NEW] | 3:28-30; 14:64 | Doctrinally High; additionally culturally sensitive given Bangladesh’s blasphemy-law context — native speaker review required alongside theologian review. |
F. Sickness, Purity, and Nature-Authority Terms
| # | English Term | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Mark Citations | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 46 | Heal | সুস্থ করা | Shustho kora | Low | [NEW] | 1:34,40-45; 3:2-10; 5:23-34; 6:5,13,56 | Standard, low collision risk. |
| 47 | Leprosy / leper | কুষ্ঠ / কুষ্ঠরোগী | Kushtho / kushtho-rogi | Low | [NEW] | 1:40-45 | Established medical-biblical term. |
| 48 | Defiled / unclean [ceremonial] | অশুদ্ধ | Oshuddho | High | [NEW] | 7:2,5,15 | Kept distinct from অপবিত্র (moral/spiritual); engages Bengali Hindu ritual-purity culture directly. |
| 49 | Tradition [of the elders] | পরম্পরা / প্রাচীনদের রীতি | Poromporra / prachiner riti | Medium | [NEW] | 7:3,5,8-9,13 | Human accretion contrasted with God’s actual command. |
| 50 | Corban | কর্বান | Korban | Low | [NEW] | 7:11 | Rare technical term; footnote required. |
| 51 | Heart | হৃদয় / অন্তর | Hridoy / ontor | Low | [NEW] | 7:6,19,21 | Seat of moral character; contrast term for ceremonial-purity discussion. |
| 52 | Sabbath | বিশ্রামবার | Bishrambar | Medium | [NEW] | 2:23-28; 3:1-6 | Ties to baseline “law” (ব্যবস্থা); never ধর্ম/শরিয়ত. |
| 53 | Not dead but sleeping | ঘুমাচ্ছে (vs. মরে গেছে) | Ghumacche (vs. more gæche) | Medium | [NEW] | 5:39 | Death as reversible “sleep” before resurrection hope. |
| 54 | Gehenna / hell | নরক | Naroko | High | [NEW] | 9:43,45,47 | Distinguish from Hindu naraka’s temporary, cyclical punishment; biblical Gehenna is final. |
| 55 | Stumbling block | বাধা / পতনের কারণ | Badha / patoner karon | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 9:42-47 | Causing another to fall into sin. |
G. Covenant, Prophecy, and Proper-Noun Terms
| # | English Term | Bengali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Mark Citations | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 56 | Gospel | সুসমাচার | Susomachar | High | [REUSED] | 1:1,14-15; 8:35; 10:29; 13:10; 14:9; 16:15 | Never ইঞ্জিল. |
| 57 | Proclaim | প্রচার করা | Prochar kora | Low | [NEW] | 1:4,7,14,38-39; 3:14; 6:12; 13:10; 14:9; 16:15,20 | Verb form of gospel-proclamation. |
| 58 | Apostle | প্রেরিত | Prerito | Medium | [REUSED] | 3:14; 6:30 | Established term; not a generic messenger. |
| 59 | Baptize / baptism | বাপ্তিস্ম / বাপ্তিস্ম দেওয়া | Baptisho / baptisho dewa | Medium | [NEW] | 1:4-5,8-9; 10:38-39 | Never স্নান (ritual bathing); metaphorical extension in 10:38-39 requires a note. |
| 60 | Holy Spirit | পবিত্র আত্মা | Pobitro Attha | Critical | [REUSED] | 1:8,10,12; 3:29; 12:36; 13:11 | Never ব্রহ্ম/পরমাত্মা. |
| 61 | Father | পিতা | Pita | Critical | [REUSED] | 8:38; 11:25; 13:32; 14:36 | Never ব্রহ্মা. |
| 62 | Abba | আব্বা | Abba | Medium | [REUSED] | 14:36 | Preserve Aramaic transliteration exactly as baseline. |
| 63 | God | ঈশ্বর | Ishshor | Critical | [REUSED] | Throughout | Never ভগবান/আল্লাহ. |
| 64 | Jesus | যীশু | Jishu | Critical | [REUSED] | Throughout | Never ঈসা. |
| 65 | David | দায়ূদ | Dayud | Medium | [REUSED] | 2:25; 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37 | Established proper-name form. |
| 66 | Israel | ইস্রায়েল | Israel | Medium | [REUSED] | 12:29; 15:32 | Established proper-name form. |
| 67 | Prophet | ভাববাদী | Bhabbadi | Low | [REUSED] | 1:2; 6:4,15; 8:28; 11:32 | Never জ্যোতিষী. |
| 68 | Covenant | নিয়ম | Niyom | High | [REUSED] | 14:24 | Established rendering; never চুক্তি/অঙ্গীকার. |
| 69 | Elect / chosen | মনোনীত | Monownito | High | [REUSED] | 13:20,22,27 | Adjectival form of baseline’s election entry; never ভাগ্য/নিয়তি/কর্মফল. |
| 70 | Passover | নিস্তারপর্ব | Nistarparbo | Low | [NEW] | 14:1,12,14,16 | Requires OT-exodus background footnote. |
| 71 | Betray / hand over | ধরিয়ে দেওয়া / বিশ্বাসঘাতকতা করা | Dhoriye dewa / bishwasghatokota kora | Medium | [NEW] | 14:10,18,21,41-44 | Distinguish Judas’s treachery from the deeper theological “handing-over” within God’s plan. |
| 72 | Hosanna | হোশান্না | Hoshanna | Low | [NEW] | 11:9-10 | Transliterated liturgical acclamation. |
| 73 | Son of David | দায়ূদের পুত্র | Dayuder Putro | Medium-High | [NEW] | 10:47-48; 12:35-37 | Ties to baseline’s Davidic Covenant doctrine (High). |
| 74 | Centurion | শতপতি | Shotopoti | Low | [NEW] | 15:39 | First unambiguous human confession of Sonship, spoken by a Gentile. |
| 75 | Golgotha | গলগথা | Golgotha | Low | [NEW] | 15:22 | Transliterated place-name. |
Cross-Reference to Doctrine Categories (per curriculum parameters)
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Glossary Terms |
|---|---|
| Jesus as the Suffering Servant and Son of God | #1, #2, #3, #9, #17, #63-64 (Son of God, Son of Man, Christ, resurrection, suffer) |
| The Kingdom of God Breaking In | #21, #22, #23 (Kingdom of God, drawn near, mystery) |
| Faith and Discipleship amid Fear | #24-27 (Faith, unbelief, fear, disciple/follow) |
| The Necessity of the Cross | #10, #11, #17, #18 (Cross, Eloi cry, must suffer, cup) |
| Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness | #35, #36, #37, #38 (Servant, slave, lord-it-over, great/first/last) |
| The Messianic Secret | #45 as related caution; silence/rebuke commands documented in 07_semantic_analysis.md Chs. 1,3,5,7,8,9 (ἐπιτιμάω, διαστέλλομαι — recommend Bengali তীব্রভাবে নিষেধ করা / কঠোর নির্দেশ দেওয়া; risk Medium) |
| Jesus’ Authority over Sickness, Sin, and Nature | #34, #41, #46, #48 (Authority, unclean spirit/demon, heal, defiled) |
| The Ransom for Many | #12, #13, #14, #16 (Ransom, in place of, salvation, give his life) |
This glossary is a Phase 1 analytical artifact. Formal incorporation of [NEW] terms into a Mark-specific translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json, with version increments and theologian sign-off on all Critical/High entries, occurs in a subsequent Phase 1 step per the PRD.
Critical Risk Terms
Crucify Cross
Approved rendering: ক্রুশ / ক্রুশারোপণ করা
Transliteration: Krush / Krusharopon kora
Doctrine: Historical Reality of the Crucifixion
Rejected alternatives: দণ্ড/খুঁটি (execution stake, Jehovah’s Witness pattern)
Original: σταυρόω / σταυρός
Category: Christology
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 15:13-32 (historical crucifixion); metaphor for costly discipleship at 8:34; 10:21. Mainstream Islamic theology (a common reading of Qur’an 4:157) denies Jesus was actually crucified; mandatory translator note affirming the historical, bodily reality of the crucifixion is required at every Chapter 15 occurrence, escalated to human theologian review without exception. Never render as an execution ‘stake’ (Watch Tower pattern).
Cry Of Dereliction
Approved rendering: এলী, এলী, লামা শবক্তানী
Transliteration: Eli, Eli, lama sabakhtani
Doctrine: The Cry of Dereliction
Original: Ἐλωΐ Ἐλωΐ λεμὰ σαβαχθανεί
Category: Christology
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 15:34, quoting Psalm 22:1. Transliteration retained with gloss (‘আমার ঈশ্বর, আমার ঈশ্বর, তুমি কেন আমাকে পরিত্যাগ করলে?’). Must not be softened into generic distress nor read as Christ ceasing to be divine or the Father-Son relation being severed within the Trinity.
Cup Of Suffering
Approved rendering: পাত্র / কষ্টের পাত্র
Transliteration: Patro / kosthero patro
Doctrine: The Cup of Suffering
Rejected alternatives: a bare, unqualified পাত্র (loses OT wrath background)
Original: ποτήριον
Category: Salvation
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 10:38-39; 14:36. পাত্র is an ordinary household word; nothing in the bare word signals the OT wrath/suffering-portion background (Ps 75:8; Isa 51:17). Never leave পাত্র unqualified in doctrinal contexts; always pair with কষ্টের or an explanatory clause, and cross-link 10:38-39 to Gethsemane (14:36) with a shared footnote. Must never carry Bengali Vaishnava devotional cup-of-nectar (প্রেম-রস) celebratory connotations.
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকর্তা
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never ব্রহ্মা. Mark 8:38; 11:25; 13:32; 14:36 (Gethsemane).
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never ভগবান/আল্লাহ. Used throughout Mark, including the Shema (12:29) and Gethsemane (14:36).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্র আত্মা
Transliteration: Pobitro Attha
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্ম, পরমাত্মা
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never ব্রহ্ম/পরমাত্মা. Descends on Jesus at baptism (1:8,10,12); subject of the unforgivable-sin warning (3:29); basis for constructing অপবিত্র আত্মা as its antonym.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: দেহধারণ
Transliteration: dehodharon
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: অবতার, দেহ প্রকাশ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never অবতার. Underlies Mark’s baptism/Sonship scene (1:9-11) and the Transfiguration’s unveiling of pre-existing glory (9:2-8) — permanent human nature assumed once, not a repeatable avatar-style appearance.
Jesus
Approved rendering: যীশু
Transliteration: Jishu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঈসা
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never ঈসা. Used throughout Mark.
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Mark 1:3; 2:28; 5:19; 11:3; 12:29,36-37; 13:35. CRITICAL CAUTION SPECIFIC TO MARK: 10:42 reuses the same root pejoratively (কর্তৃত্ব করে / প্রভুত্ব করে, ‘lord it over’) for illegitimate worldly domination — always disambiguate with a translator note wherever both senses occur near each other.
Messiah
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never মশীহ or অবতার পুরুষ. Peter’s confession (8:29) is immediately paired with the shocking suffering-Messiah prediction (8:31), a combination with no parallel in Jewish or Islamic messianic expectation.
Ransom
Approved rendering: মুক্তির মূল্য
Transliteration: Mukti-r mullo
Doctrine: The Ransom for Many
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি (bare root, forbidden), বলিদান (sacrifice, over-flattens), সাহায্য (help, over-flattens)
Original: λύτρον
Category: Salvation
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 10:45. The only Bengali word-family for ‘ransom’ is built on the মুক্তি root — the very root the Romans baseline forbids for ‘salvation’ because মুক্তি/মোক্ষ carry the Hindu sense of self-attained liberation from the rebirth cycle. মূল্য (‘price’) is the load-bearing disambiguating element anchoring the phrase to a commercial-substitution metaphor. ABSOLUTE RULE: মুক্তির মূল্য must never be treated as synonymous with পরিত্রাণ (salvation) itself. Escalate every occurrence to mandatory human theologian review.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: পুনরুত্থান
Transliteration: punorutthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম, পুনর্জীবন
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never পুনর্জন্ম. Doctrinal climax of Mark across the three passion predictions (8:31; 9:9-10,31; 10:34), the Sadducee debate (12:18-27), and the empty tomb (16:6).
Salvation
Approved rendering: পরিত্রাণ
Transliteration: poritran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত. Mark’s σῴζω wordplay (5:23,28,34; 10:52) also describes physical healing/rescue — render as সুস্থ করা / রক্ষা পাওয়া for everyday healing sense, reserve পরিত্রাণ for the full soteriological sense. Absolute rule carried into Mark: never conflate with মুক্তির মূল্য (ransom, see below).
Shema Lord Is One
Approved rendering: প্রভু আমাদের ঈশ্বর একই প্রভু
Transliteration: Provu amader Ishshor ekoi Provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Κύριος … εἷς ἐστιν
Category: God
NEW — Mark-specific compound built from REUSED terms প্রভু and ঈশ্বর. Jesus’ quotation of the Shema (Deut 6:4) in Mark 12:29. Offers genuine common ground with Islamic tawhid, but must not be flattened to avoid the immediately following complication (12:35-37) where Jesus claims to be both David’s son and David’s Lord — a Trinitarian-compatible, not unitarian, monotheism.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পুত্র
Transliteration: Ishshorer Putro
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: দেবপুত্র, ঈশ্বরের অংশ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Mark 1:1,11; 3:11; 5:7; 9:7; 14:61-62; 15:39 — climactic Gentile confession at 15:39. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence distinguishing eternal/relational Sonship from biological descent, given the Qur’anic denial (19:35; 112:3) that God has a son.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: মনুষ্যপুত্র
Transliteration: Manushyoputro
Doctrine: Son of Man Christology
Rejected alternatives: মানবপুত্র
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark’s most frequent Christological title (2:10,28; 8:31,38; 9:9,12,31; 10:33,45; 13:26; 14:21,41,62), fusing humble human solidarity with the exalted, dominion-receiving figure of Daniel 7:13-14. Bengali মনুষ্যপুত্র is a transparent ‘human son’ compound that supplies none of the apocalyptic-authority connotation on its own; mandatory translator note anchoring to Daniel 7:13-14 required at every Critical occurrence, escalating to full theologian review at the three passion predictions (8:31; 9:31; 10:33) and 14:62.
Substitution Anti
Approved rendering: পরিবর্তে
Transliteration: Poriborte
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: জন্য (flattens to weaker benefactive sense, forbidden in this construction)
Original: ἀντί
Category: Salvation
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 10:45. Renders ἀντί, the substitutionary preposition (‘instead of’), stronger than the benefactive ὑπέρ (‘on behalf of’). Must never be flattened to জন্য (‘for’), which would allow the verse to read as Christ dying merely to help many rather than dying in their place. Escalate every occurrence to mandatory human theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Authority
Approved rendering: কর্তৃত্ব
Transliteration: Kartrittwo
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sickness, Sin, and Nature
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি (forbidden — Shakta goddess-power association)
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Servanthood
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 1:22,27; 2:10; 3:15; 6:7; 11:28-33. Never শক্তি. Distinguish from mere institutional/political authority and from folk-supernatural power attributed to holy men/fakirs/tantrics (সিদ্ধি); reinforce with narrative context showing the authority as unmediated and self-originating.
Blasphemy Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরনিন্দা
Transliteration: Ishshor-ninda
Doctrine: Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία
Category: Sin
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 3:28-30; 14:64. Attributing the Spirit’s clear work to Satan. Also legally and socially loaded in Bangladesh’s blasphemy-law context; requires native-speaker tone review alongside theological precision review.
Body Blood Covenant
Approved rendering: দেহ, রক্ত / নিয়ম-এর রক্ত
Transliteration: Deho, rokto / Niyom-er rokto
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper and the New Covenant
Original: σῶμα / αἷμα / διαθήκη
Category: Salvation
NEW — Mark-specific (নিয়ম REUSED from baseline). Mark 14:22-25. Risk of unconscious assimilation into the Bengali Hindu practice of prasad (food ritually offered to a deity, then consecrated and distributed to devotees) rather than a memorial of Christ’s completed, once-for-all covenant sacrifice; requires distinguishing note.
Called
Approved rendering: আহুত
Transliteration: ahuto
Doctrine: Calling of Disciples
Rejected alternatives: আমন্ত্রিত, নিমন্ত্রিত
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applies to Jesus’ sovereign, effectual summons of the first disciples (Mark 1:16-20; 2:14; 3:13-19) — distinct from the Hindu guru-shishya pattern in which a disciple initiates pursuit of a teacher.
Calling
Approved rendering: আহ্বান
Transliteration: ahban
Doctrine: Calling of Disciples
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Noun form for God’s sovereign summons to discipleship.
Covenant
Approved rendering: নিয়ম
Transliteration: niyom
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper and the New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি, অঙ্গীকার
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Mark 14:24, instituted in Jesus’ sacrificial blood at the Last Supper, echoing Exodus 24:8 and Jeremiah 31:31.
Defiled Unclean Ceremonial
Approved rendering: অশুদ্ধ
Transliteration: Oshuddho
Doctrine: Ritual Purity versus the Heart
Original: κοινός
Category: Purity and Law
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 7:2,5,15. Renders κοινός (ceremonial ‘common’), kept strictly distinct from অপবিত্র (moral/spiritual, used for sin and unclean spirits). Directly engages Bengali Hindu caste-linked touch/food purity culture, a present social reality; pair every occurrence with হৃদয় (heart, 7:6,19,21) as Mark’s own contrast term.
Deny Himself
Approved rendering: নিজেকে অস্বীকার করা
Transliteration: Nijeke oshikar kora
Doctrine: Cost of Discipleship
Original: ἀπαρνέομαι ἑαυτόν
Category: Discipleship
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 8:34. Willing relinquishment of self-rule, with true selfhood restored (8:35), not the Hindu/Buddhist doctrine of ego-dissolution or annihilation of personal identity into an impersonal Absolute.
Disciple Follow
Approved rendering: শিষ্য / অনুসরণ করা
Transliteration: Shishyo / anushoron kora
Doctrine: Cost of Discipleship
Original: μαθητής / ἀκολουθέω
Category: Discipleship
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 1:16-20; 2:14; 8:34; 10:21,28,52. শিষ্য collides with the Hindu guru-shishya devotional tradition (disciple’s own initiative advancing toward the guru’s attainment); retained as the only established Bengali Christian term, but never used unaccompanied by প্রভু/খ্রীষ্ট in doctrinally load-bearing sentences. Never মহাপ্রভু for Jesus (Chaitanya Mahaprabhu collision).
Election
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন
Transliteration: Ishshorer monownoyon
Doctrine: Providence and Perseverance
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি, কর্মফল
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Adjectival form মনোনীত (elect/chosen) used in Mark 13:20,22,27 for God’s sovereignly gathered people amid tribulation; never ভাগ্য/নিয়তি/কর্মফল.
Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাস
Transliteration: bishwas
Doctrine: Faith and Discipleship amid Fear
Rejected alternatives: ঈমান, শ্রদ্ধা
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Personal trust in Jesus specifically, contrasted with ভয় (fear) throughout Mark (4:40-41; 5:34,36; 9:23-24; 10:52). Always attach the object of trust explicitly in context.
Forgive
Approved rendering: ক্ষমা করা
Transliteration: Kkhoma kora
Doctrine: Authority to Forgive Sins
NEW — Mark-specific verb, paired with REUSED পাপ (sin). Mark 2:5-10: retain the scandal that only God forgives sins (2:7, ‘who can forgive sins but God alone?’), directly grounding the Deity of Christ doctrine — never soften to priestly mediation or a prophetic pronouncement on God’s behalf.
Gehenna Hell
Approved rendering: নরক
Transliteration: Naroko
Doctrine: Eschatological Judgment
Original: γέεννα
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 9:43,45,47. Shared vocabulary with Hindu cosmology’s naraka, understood as temporary and cyclical within samsara; mandatory note distinguishing biblical Gehenna’s finality (no subsequent rebirth) required at each occurrence.
Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never তেজ/জ্যোতি. Mark 8:38; 9:3; 10:37; 13:26 — James and John wrongly assume ‘glory’ (10:37) means worldly enthronement; Jesus redefines it as glory-through-the-cross.
Gospel
Approved rendering: সুসমাচার
Transliteration: susomachar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: খুশ খবর, ইঞ্জিল
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Titles the whole book (Mark 1:1) and its final commission (13:10; 16:15). Never ইঞ্জিল.
Holy
Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root of পবিত্র আত্মা (Holy Spirit); also the deliberate basis for constructing অপবিত্র আত্মা (unclean spirit) as its antonym throughout Mark.
Law
Approved rendering: ব্যবস্থা
Transliteration: bebostha
Doctrine: Sabbath and the Law
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, শরিয়ত, নিয়ম
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never ধর্ম or শরিয়ত. Mosaic law referenced in the Sabbath controversies, Corban abuse, and the greatest commandment (Mark 7:8-9; 10:19; 12:28-31).
Lord It Over
Approved rendering: কর্তৃত্ব করে / প্রভুত্ব করে
Transliteration: Kartrittwo kore / provutto kore
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Servanthood
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 10:42 (κατακυριεύουσιν), built from the same root as প্রভু. Requires a mandatory disambiguating translator note distinguishing this pejorative worldly-domination sense from the positive, exclusive Lordship of যীশু প্রভু. Prefer কর্তৃত্ব করে as primary rendering; flag প্রভুত্ব করে as an alternative requiring extra caution.
Mystery Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: রহস্য
Transliteration: Rohosyo
Doctrine: The Mystery of the Kingdom
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Kingdom
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 4:11. Risks confusion with Bengal’s Tantric Hindu/Buddhist esoteric-initiation traditions (guarded ritual knowledge attained through a guru); must be footnoted as God’s sovereign gift of disclosure to ordinary believers gathered by Christ, not attained gnosis.
Prepared Divine Passive
Approved rendering: প্রস্তুত করা হয়েছে
Transliteration: Proshtut kora hoyeche
Doctrine: Providence and Perseverance
Original: ἡτοίμασται
Category: Providence
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 10:40, ἡτοίμασται, a ‘divine passive’ whose unstated Agent is God the Father. The Bengali passive construction does not by itself name an agent; requires a note clarifying the personal divine Agent, avoiding a fatalistic ভাগ্যে যা আছে reading.
Providence
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা
Transliteration: Ishshorer porichalona
Doctrine: Providence and Perseverance
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies Mark’s divine-passive ‘has been prepared’ (10:40) and ‘the elect’ language (13:20,22,27); never ভাগ্য/নিয়তি.
Repent
Approved rendering: মন-ফেরানো
Transliteration: Mon-pherano
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: তওবা (Islamic legal-submission turning), প্রায়শ্চিত্ত (Hindu ritual penance)
Original: μετανοέω / μετάνοια
Category: Faith
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 1:4,15; 6:12. Established mainstream Bengali Christian idiom (lit. ‘turning of the heart/mind’); relational reorientation toward a personal God, distinct from Islamic তওবা and Hindu/folk prāyaścitta.
Servant Diakonos
Approved rendering: সেবক
Transliteration: Sebok
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Original: διάκονος
Category: Servanthood
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 9:35; 10:43,45. সেবক is a dignified, positive Bengali word that actually understates Mark’s paradox (low social status commended as the PATH to greatness); require accompanying teaching-note emphasis on the reversal, not merely the word’s natural respectability.
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Authority to Forgive Sins
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Central to the paralytic’s healing (Mark 2:5-10), where forgiveness of sin is asserted as a direct divine prerogative.
Slave Doulos
Approved rendering: দাস
Transliteration: Das
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Rejected alternatives: সেবক alone (understates the escalation)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Servanthood
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 10:44. Heaviest collision in the servanthood cluster: heavy Bengali caste and historical bonded-labor connotation. Never permit দাস to stand without an explicit voluntary-choice qualifier (‘স্বেচ্ছায় দাসের মতো’) in doctrinal exposition; must convey voluntary self-giving, never endorsement of imposed servitude or caste-linked subordination. Flag every occurrence for native-speaker caste-sensitivity review in addition to theological review.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদের পুত্র
Transliteration: Dayuder Putro
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
NEW — Mark-specific, built on REUSED proper name দায়ূদ. Bartimaeus’s cry (10:47-48) and Jesus’ own riddle about his identity (12:35-37), where the title is immediately paired with ‘David’s Lord,’ asserting both Christ’s humanity and deity in one breath.
Suffer Must Suffer
Approved rendering: কষ্টভোগ করা / অবশ্যই …হতে হবে
Transliteration: Kosthobhog kora / obosshoi hote hobe
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross
Original: πάσχω / δεῖ … παθεῖν
Category: Suffering
NEW — Mark-specific. Renders πάσχω and δεῖ…παθεῖν across the three passion predictions (8:31; 9:12,31; 10:33-34). Must not be assimilated to a karma-retribution framework (suffering as deserved consequence of past-life deeds); this is vicarious, voluntary, Father-ordained suffering. Anchor to explicit divine-agency framing (‘ঈশ্বরের পরিকল্পনা অনুযায়ী’) at each occurrence; never use fate-language (ভাগ্য/নিয়তি).
Teacher Rabbi
Approved rendering: গুরু / শিক্ষক
Transliteration: Guru / shikkhok
Doctrine: Cost of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: মহাপ্রভু (forbidden — Chaitanya Mahaprabhu title collision)
Original: διδάσκαλος / ῥαββί
Category: Discipleship
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 4:38; 9:5,17,38; 10:17,20,35,51; 11:21; 12:14,19,32; 13:1; 14:14,45. গুরু is saturated with the Hindu guru-shishya devotional tradition; pair with প্রভু/খ্রীষ্ট in doctrinally load-bearing contexts, or prefer the more neutral শিক্ষক. Never মহাপ্রভু.
Temple Curtain
Approved rendering: পর্দা
Transliteration: Porda
Doctrine: Torn Temple Curtain: Access to God
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Salvation
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 15:38. Must not be reduced to an incidental architectural detail; signifies direct, once-for-all access to God through Christ’s death, contrasting with ritual-mediated access in ambient Hindu/folk-Islamic shrine practice.
Theophanic I Am
Approved rendering: আমি
Transliteration: Ami
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι
Category: Christology
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 6:50, spoken while walking on the sea, in a scene saturated with OT theophany imagery of God alone treading the sea (Job 9:8; Ps 77:19). Render plainly (‘আমি, ভয় পেয়ো না’) without a stronger emphatic construction than the Greek requires, but flag for a translator/teaching note connecting the scene to God’s unique authority over the sea.
Transfiguration
Approved rendering: রূপান্তরিত হওয়া
Transliteration: Rupantorito howa
Doctrine: Transfiguration and Christ’s Glory
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Christology
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 9:2-8. Must not be assimilated to a Hindu deity’s repeated, varied appearances/forms (cf. baseline’s rejection of অবতার); this is a singular unveiling of glory (মহিমা) Christ already and eternally possesses, not a new event of becoming divine.
Unclean Spirit Demon
Approved rendering: অপবিত্র আত্মা
Transliteration: Opobitro attha
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Unclean Spirits
Rejected alternatives: ভূত (Bengali folk ghost/ancestor-spirit — forbidden), প্রেত, জিন, দৈত্য/অসুর
Original: πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον / δαιμόνιον
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 1:23-27,32-34,39; 3:11,22-30; 5:1-20; 6:7,13; 7:24-30; 9:14-29. Deliberately constructed as the antonym of পবিত্র আত্মা (Holy Spirit). Never substitute ভূত (Bengali folk ghost/restless-ancestor-spirit, an entirely different ontology), জিন (Islamic jinn), or দৈত্য/অসুর (Hindu mythic demon) — even in casual paraphrase.
Medium Risk Terms
Abba
Approved rendering: আব্বা
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: The Cup of Suffering
Original: Ἀββά
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Preserve the Aramaic transliteration exactly in Mark 14:36, directly linking back to the cup_of_suffering motif first raised at 10:38-39.
Abomination Of Desolation
Approved rendering: ধ্বংসকারী ঘৃণ্য বস্তু
Transliteration: Dhongshokari ghrinno bostu
Doctrine: Eschatological Judgment
Original: βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 13:14, echoing Daniel 9,11,12. Low doctrinal syncretism risk but high comprehension risk without an OT-background footnote.
Apostle
Approved rendering: প্রেরিত
Transliteration: prerito
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: দূত, বার্তাবাহক
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The Twelve, named and commissioned in Mark 3:14; 6:30. Distinguish from a generic spiritual-guide role resembling a Sufi pir or Hindu guru.
Baptize Baptism
Approved rendering: বাপ্তিস্ম / বাপ্তিস্ম দেওয়া
Transliteration: Baptisho / baptisho dewa
Doctrine: Baptism
Rejected alternatives: স্নান (forbidden — ordinary/ritual Hindu bathing/ablution)
Original: βαπτίζω / βάπτισμα
Category: Covenant
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 1:4-5,8-9 (literal rite); 10:38-39 (metaphorical extension to suffering). Never স্নান. The metaphorical use requires a clarifying note distinguishing it from the literal water rite.
Betray Hand Over
Approved rendering: ধরিয়ে দেওয়া / বিশ্বাসঘাতকতা করা
Transliteration: Dhoriye dewa / bishwasghatokota kora
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross
Original: παραδίδωμι
Category: Suffering
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 14:10,18,21,41-44 (also 9:31; 10:33). Distinguish Judas’s personal treachery from the deeper theological ‘handing-over’ within God’s redemptive plan, even where the same Bengali verb is used.
David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদ
Transliteration: Dayud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Mark 2:25; 10:47-48; 11:10; 12:35-37.
Divorce
Approved rendering: বিবাহবিচ্ছেদ
Transliteration: Bibaho-bicched
Doctrine: Sabbath and the Law
Original: ἀπολύω
Category: Ethics
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 10:2-12. Cultural-sensitivity flag given differing marriage/divorce norms and legal frameworks across Bengali Hindu and Muslim family law contexts; native speaker review recommended.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: অনন্ত জীবন
Transliteration: Anonto jibon
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 10:17,30. Must retain connection to bodily resurrection life through Christ, not a disembodied immortal-soul concept nor Hindu moksha-as-liberation-from-rebirth.
Exercise Authority Over
Approved rendering: কর্তৃত্ব চালায়
Transliteration: Kartrittwo chalay
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Original: κατεξουσιάζω
Category: Servanthood
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 10:42 (κατεξουσιάζουσιν), reinforcing lord_it_over; tied to the ἐξουσία (authority) term family.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: পরজাতি
Transliteration: porojati
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: বিদেশী
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Mark 10:42 uses this descriptively of Gentile political rulers whose domineering pattern Jesus explicitly forbids his disciples from replicating.
Give His Life
Approved rendering: জীবন দেওয়া / প্রাণ দেওয়া
Transliteration: Jibon dewa / pran dewa
Doctrine: The Ransom for Many
Rejected alternatives: আত্মা দেওয়া (wrongly spiritualizes/disembodies the death)
Original: δοῦναι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 10:45 (also 8:35-37’s lose/save-life paradox). Render ψυχή as জীবন or প্রাণ, never আত্মা, which the baseline reserves for the personal/spiritual soul or the Holy Spirit domain — preserves the bodily reality of Christ’s voluntary death.
Israel
Approved rendering: ইস্রায়েল
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Mark 12:29 (the Shema); 15:32 (the mocking title ‘King of Israel’).
Kingdom Drawn Near
Approved rendering: নিকটবর্তী হয়েছে
Transliteration: Nikotborti hoyeche
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Breaking In
Rejected alternatives: কাছে/নিকটে alone (loses inaugurated-eschatological force)
Original: ἐγγίζω / ἤγγικεν
Category: Kingdom
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 1:15. The Bengali perfect-tense construction (হয়েছে) signals completed action with ongoing present relevance — the correct grammatical tool for ‘already dawned, not yet consummated.’ Native speaker should confirm this aspectual nuance survives oral reading.
Lose Save Life
Approved rendering: জীবন হারানো / জীবন বাঁচানো
Transliteration: Jibon harano / jibon banchano
Doctrine: Cost of Discipleship
Original: ψυχή
Category: Discipleship
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 8:35-37. Same ψυχή term family as give_his_life; render জীবন/প্রাণ, never আত্মা.
Mercy
Approved rendering: দয়া
Transliteration: Doya
Doctrine: Faith and Discipleship amid Fear
Original: ἐλεέω / ἔλεος
Category: Faith
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 10:47-48 (Bartimaeus’s cry). Compassionate, personal, undeserved favor shown to the undeserving — an on-ramp to the baseline’s grace doctrine (অনুগ্রহ) without introducing that term directly.
Messianic Secret Silence
Approved rendering: তীব্রভাবে নিষেধ করা / কঠোর নির্দেশ দেওয়া
Transliteration: Tibrobhabe nishedh kora / kothor nirdesh dewa
Doctrine: The Messianic Secret
Rejected alternatives: রহস্য-family vocabulary here (reserved for mystery_of_kingdom only, avoid to prevent occult-initiation misreading)
Original: ἐπιτιμάω / διαστέλλομαι
Category: Christology
NEW — Mark-specific. Renders ἐπιτιμάω/διαστέλλομαι, Jesus’ repeated silence-commands (1:34,44; 3:12; 5:43; 7:36; 8:30; 9:9). Must convey deliberate, purposeful pacing of self-revelation tied to the necessity of the cross, not evasiveness, shame, or uncertain identity. Bengal’s Tantric/Baul esoteric-initiation traditions create real risk of an occult-concealment misreading; avoid রহস্য-family vocabulary here even though it is retained for the distinct ‘mystery of the kingdom’ doctrine at 4:11.
Not Dead But Sleeping
Approved rendering: ঘুমাচ্ছে (মরে গেছে-র বিপরীতে)
Transliteration: Ghumacche (vs. more gæche)
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: οὐ ἀπέθανεν ἀλλὰ καθεύδει
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 5:39. Death as reversible ‘sleep’ before resurrection hope; must not deny the reality of physical death, but assert its temporary, reversible status before Jesus’ authority.
Peace
Approved rendering: শান্তি
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: সুখ, স্বস্তি
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Mark 5:34, ‘go in peace’ — relational wholeness restored through Jesus’ authority, not mere absence of conflict.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: বিশ্রামবার
Transliteration: Bishrambar
Doctrine: Sabbath and the Law
Original: σάββατον
Category: Covenant
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 2:23-28; 3:1-6. Ties to REUSED law entry (ব্যবস্থা); never ধর্ম/শরিয়ত. Requires care that mercy-over-ritual does not appear to abolish the law’s abiding moral authority (cf. 12:28-31).
Satan
Approved rendering: শয়তান
Transliteration: Shoyton
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Breaking In
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 1:13; 3:23-26; 4:15; 8:33. Shared vocabulary with Bengali Islamic usage, with substantial conceptual overlap; note required clarifying Mark’s distinctive claim that Satan’s kingdom is already being decisively defeated by Christ, a claim Islamic theology does not share in the same terms.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: বাধা / পতনের কারণ
Transliteration: Badha / patoner karon
Doctrine: Cost of Discipleship
Original: σκάνδαλον
Category: Discipleship
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 9:42-47. Anything causing another to fall into sin or away from faith.
Tradition Of Elders
Approved rendering: পরম্পরা / প্রাচীনদের রীতি
Transliteration: Poromporra / prachiner riti
Doctrine: Ritual Purity versus the Heart
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Purity and Law
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 7:3,5,8-9,13. Human accretion contrasted with God’s actual commandment.
Unbelief
Approved rendering: অবিশ্বাস
Transliteration: Obishwas
Doctrine: Faith and Discipleship amid Fear
Original: ἀπιστία
Category: Faith
NEW — Mark-specific, direct antonym of REUSED বিশ্বাস. Mark 9:24, ‘I believe; help my unbelief.’ Retain the same personal-trust object-specification as faith itself.
Will Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের ইচ্ছা
Transliteration: Ishshorer iccha
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি
Original: θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Servanthood
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 3:35, redefining true family as those who do God’s will. Distinct from fatalistic ভাগ্য/নিয়তি, consistent with the baseline’s providence entry.
Low Risk Terms
Beelzebul
Approved rendering: বেলসবূল
Transliteration: Belsobul
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Unclean Spirits
Original: Βεελζεβούλ
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 3:22. Transliterated proper name.
Centurion
Approved rendering: শতপতি
Transliteration: Shotopoti
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Gospel in Mark
Original: κεντυρίων
Category: Church
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 15:39. First unambiguous human confession of Jesus’ divine Sonship, spoken by a Gentile Roman officer.
Corban
Approved rendering: কর্বান
Transliteration: Korban
Doctrine: Ritual Purity versus the Heart
Original: κορβᾶν
Category: Purity and Law
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 7:11. Rare Hebrew/Aramaic loanword; transliterate with footnote gloss.
Endurance
Approved rendering: স্থির থাকা / সহ্য করা
Transliteration: Sthir thaka / sohyo kora
Doctrine: Providence and Perseverance
Original: ὑπομένω
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 13:13, ‘the one who endures to the end will be saved.‘
Fear
Approved rendering: ভয়
Transliteration: Bhoy
Doctrine: Faith and Discipleship amid Fear
Original: φόβος
Category: Faith
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 4:40-41; 5:33,36; 6:50; 9:32; 10:32; 16:8. Preserve the fear/faith antithesis as a fixed rhetorical pairing, especially at 4:40 (‘Why are you afraid? Have you still no faith?’).
Golgotha
Approved rendering: গলগথা
Transliteration: Golgotha
Doctrine: Historical Reality of the Crucifixion
Original: Γολγοθᾶ
Category: Narrative
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 15:22. Transliterated place-name.
Great First Last
Approved rendering: মহান / প্রথম / শেষ
Transliteration: Mohan / prothom / shesh
Doctrine: Servanthood versus Worldly Greatness
Original: μέγας / πρῶτος / ἔσχατος
Category: Servanthood
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 9:35; 10:31,43-44. Ordinary comparative words; ensure surrounding exposition foregrounds the kingdom-value inversion, not conventional status categories.
Heal
Approved rendering: সুস্থ করা
Transliteration: Shustho kora
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sickness
Original: θεραπεύω
Category: Purity and Law
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 1:34,40-45; 3:2-10; 5:23-34; 6:5,13,56. Standard, low-collision vocabulary; must be distinguished contextually from full doctrinal পরিত্রাণ despite Mark’s deliberate σῴζω wordplay (5:34; 10:52).
Heart
Approved rendering: হৃদয় / অন্তর
Transliteration: Hridoy / ontor
Doctrine: Ritual Purity versus the Heart
Original: καρδία
Category: Purity and Law
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 7:6,19,21. Seat of moral character; deliberate contrast term for the ceremonial-purity discussion.
Hosanna
Approved rendering: হোশান্না
Transliteration: Hoshanna
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: ὡσαννά
Category: Prophecy
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 11:9-10. Transliterated liturgical acclamation; brief gloss recommended for low-OT-literacy readers.
Legion
Approved rendering: লেগিয়োন
Transliteration: Legiyon
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Unclean Spirits
Original: λεγιών
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 5:9. Transliteration of the Roman military unit name; footnote on scale recommended for low-background readers.
Leprosy
Approved rendering: কুষ্ঠ / কুষ্ঠরোগী
Transliteration: Kushtho / kushtho-rogi
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority over Sickness
Original: λέπρα / λεπρός
Category: Purity and Law
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 1:40-45. Established medical-biblical term.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: প্রেম / ভালোবাসা
Transliteration: Prem / bhalobasha
Doctrine: The Greatest Commandment
Original: ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 12:28-34. Covenantal, willed love, not primarily romantic or emotional affect.
Parable
Approved rendering: দৃষ্টান্ত
Transliteration: Drishtanto
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Breaking In
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 4:2-34; 12:1-12. Established, low-risk Bengali Bible term for Jesus’ illustrative teaching form.
Passover
Approved rendering: নিস্তারপর্ব
Transliteration: Nistarparbo
Doctrine: The Necessity of the Cross
Original: πάσχα
Category: Covenant
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 14:1,12,14,16. Requires an OT-exodus background footnote given documented low OT narrative literacy in both West Bengal and Bangladesh.
Proclaim
Approved rendering: প্রচার করা
Transliteration: Prochar kora
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Church
NEW — Mark-specific verb form of gospel-proclamation. Mark 1:4,7,14,38-39; 3:14; 6:12; 13:10; 14:9; 16:15,20. Consistent with baseline’s mission entry (সুসমাচার প্রচার).
Prophet
Approved rendering: ভাববাদী
Transliteration: bhabbadi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতিষী
Original: προφήτης
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Mark 6:4,15; 8:28; 11:32 — Jesus applies the prophetic-rejection motif to himself.
Thanksgiving Bless
Approved rendering: ধন্যবাদ জানানো / আশীর্বাদ করা
Transliteration: Dhonnobad janano / ashirbad kora
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐλογέω / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
NEW — Mark-specific verb form paired with REUSED thanksgiving entry. Mark 6:41; 8:6; 14:22-23. Standard, low-risk vocabulary; minor risk of over-ritualization only.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: dhonnobad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Mark 6:41; 8:6; 14:22-23.
Watch Be Alert
Approved rendering: জাগ্রত থাকা / সজাগ থাকা
Transliteration: Jagroto thaka / sojag thaka
Doctrine: Providence and Perseverance
Original: γρηγορέω
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Mark-specific. Mark 13:33,35,37; 14:34,37,38. Spiritual vigilance/readiness, recurring at Gethsemane.
Referenced passages