Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 1 Corinthians — English → Bengali
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning all 16 chapters of 1 Corinthians. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked (Reused) and carry forward their recorded rendering and risk tier unchanged. New terms are proposed for addition to translation memory, with risk tier assigned using the identical framework as doctrine_risk_registry.json (Critical / High / Medium / Low).
Section A — Reused Terms from Romans Translation Memory (occurring in 1 Corinthians)
| Term | Bengali | Risk | Key 1 Corinthians Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | সুসমাচার | High | 1:17; 4:15; 9:12-18; 15:1-2 |
| grace | অনুগ্রহ | High/Critical | 1:3-4; 3:10; 15:10; 16:23 |
| faith | বিশ্বাস | High | 2:5; 12:9; 13:2,13; 15:14,17 |
| called / calling | আহুত / আহ্বান | High | 1:1-2,9,24,26; 7:15-24 |
| holy | পবিত্র | High | 3:17; 7:14 |
| saints | পবিত্র লোক | High | 1:2; 6:1-2; 16:1,15 |
| sanctification | পবিত্রীকরণ | High | 1:2; 6:11 |
| resurrection | পুনরুত্থান | Critical | 15:4,12-13,20-21,42 |
| lord | প্রভু | Critical | throughout; esp. 8:6; 12:3; 15:31,58 |
| church | মণ্ডলী | Medium | 1:2; 4:17; 6:4; 11:18; 12:28; 14:4-5,12,19,28,34-35 |
| spiritual gifts | আত্মিক বর | Medium | 1:7; 7:7; 12:1,4,9,28,30-31; 14:1,12 |
| fellowship | সহভাগিতা | Low | 1:9; 10:16-20 |
| thanksgiving | ধন্যবাদ | Low | 1:4,14; 14:16-18; 15:57 |
| sin | পাপ | High | 15:3,17,34,56 |
| glory | মহিমা | High | 2:7-8; 10:31; 11:7,15; 15:40-43 |
| power of God | ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য | High | 1:18,24; 2:5; 4:19-20; 6:14 |
| kingdom of God | ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য | Medium | 4:20; 6:9-10; 15:24,50 |
| jesus | যীশু | Critical | throughout |
| god | ঈশ্বর | Critical | throughout |
| holy spirit | পবিত্র আত্মা | Critical | 2:10-14; 3:16; 6:19; 12:3-13 |
| christ / messiah | খ্রীষ্ট | Critical | throughout; esp. 15:3,12-23 |
| apostle | প্রেরিত | Medium | 1:1; 4:9; 9:1-2,5; 12:28-29; 15:7,9 |
| peace | শান্তি | Medium | 1:3; 7:15; 14:33 |
| mission / gospel proclamation | সুসমাচার প্রচার | Medium | 9:16-18,23; 15:11 |
| justification | ধার্মিক বলে গণ্য হওয়া | Critical | 6:11 |
| covenant | নিয়ম | High | 11:25 |
| prophecy / prophet | ভাববাণী / ভাববাদী | Low | 12:10,28-29; 13:2,8-9; 14:1-6,22-39 |
| father | পিতা | Critical | 1:3; 8:6; 15:24 |
Section B — New Terms Introduced in 1 Corinthians (Proposed for Translation Memory)
| # | Term (English) | Original Greek | Transliteration | Bengali Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapter(s) | Alternatives Rejected / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Love (agape) | ἀγάπη | agapē | প্রেম | Critical | Love as the Greater Way | 8:1; 13:1-13; 14:1; 16:14,22 | Rejects ভালোবাসা (too broad/romantic-general), কাম (lust). প্রেম is the established Bengali Christian term but carries strong Vaishnava bhakti/Tagore-poetic romantic-devotional overtones (রাধা-কৃষ্ণ প্রেম); translator note required at 13:1 clarifying self-giving covenantal love, not romantic/erotic devotion. |
| 2 | Cross | σταυρός | stauros | ক্রুশ | High | Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1:17-18 | Established term; risk is doctrinal weight, not lexical collision — never soften “message of the cross” into generic suffering/sacrifice language. |
| 3 | Wisdom (of God/world) | σοφία | sophia | প্রজ্ঞা | High | Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1:17-2:13; 3:19 | Rejects জ্ঞান here (reserved for γνῶσις, “knowledge,” #14 below) to avoid double-loading one Bengali word with two distinct Pauline Greek terms; also avoids strongest jnana-marga (path-of-knowledge) association for this specific “wisdom” term. |
| 4 | Foolishness | μωρία | mōria | মূর্খতা | Medium | Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1:18-25; 3:19 | Standard term, low collision. |
| 5 | Schism / division | σχίσμα | schisma | বিভেদ | High | Christian Unity vs. Factionalism | 1:10; 11:18; 12:25 | Distinct from ordinary disagreement; conveys fracturing of the one body. |
| 6 | Strife / quarreling | ἔρις | eris | কলহ | Medium | Christian Unity vs. Factionalism | 1:11; 3:3 | — |
| 7 | Boast | καυχάομαι | kauchaomai | গর্ব করা | Medium | Christian Unity vs. Factionalism / Grace | 1:29,31; 3:21; 4:7; 13:4 | Redirected, not eliminated, boasting (“boast in the Lord”); do not imply all confidence is forbidden. |
| 8 | Baptism | βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω | baptisma / baptizō | বাপ্তিস্ম | High | Christian Unity / Lord’s Supper typology | 1:13-17; 10:2; 12:13; 15:29 | Established Christian loanword-transliteration; 15:29 (“baptized for the dead”) is exegetically disputed — render descriptively, flag for theologian review, do not resolve ambiguity in translation. |
| 9 | Mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | নিগূঢ়তত্ত্ব | High | Inspiration/Revelation | 2:1,7; 4:1; 13:2; 14:2; 15:51 | Rejects bare রহস্য (occult/tantric secret-knowledge association in general Bengali usage); this is a truth once hidden, now openly disclosed. |
| 10 | Natural man / soulish | ψυχικός | psychikos | প্রাণিক মানুষ | Critical | Cross as Wisdom / Resurrection Body | 2:14; 15:44 (as “natural body”) | Rejects প্রাকৃতিক মানুষ — cognate of প্রকৃতি (prakriti), the Samkhya/Hindu philosophical term for primal material Nature opposed to Puruṣa; would recast Paul’s soul/Spirit contrast as prakriti/purusha dualism. |
| 11 | Spiritual man | πνευματικός | pneumatikos | আত্মিক মানুষ | Medium | Cross as Wisdom / Resurrection Body | 2:15; 3:1; 14:37; 15:44 (as “spiritual body”) | Reuses established আত্মিক adjective. |
| 12 | Temple (of God/Spirit) | ναός | naos | মন্দির (+ mandatory translator note) | Critical | Church Discipline / Body & Spirit | 3:16-17; 6:19 | Distinct from the baseline’s “church” (ekklēsia) prohibition on মন্দির; here Paul’s own metaphor genuinely requires temple/sanctuary imagery. Note must clarify the paradox: believers ARE God’s dwelling, not visitors to a shrine housing a deity’s image. |
| 13 | Steward | οἰκονόμος | oikonomos | ভাণ্ডারী / তত্ত্বাবধায়ক | Medium | Christ-Centered Ministry (extension) | 4:1-2 | — |
| 14 | Knowledge | γνῶσις | gnōsis | জ্ঞান | High | Christian Liberty / Love | 8:1,7,10-11; 12:8; 13:2,8; 14:6 | Flag jnana-marga (path-of-knowledge) collision risk; contrast with love (“knowledge puffs up, love builds up”) must still land despite the association. |
| 15 | Sexual immorality | πορνεία | porneia | যৌন অনৈতিকতা (also ব্যভিচার for narrower adultery sense) | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5:1; 6:9,13,18; 7:2 | Must be broad enough to cover incest (ch.5) and general immorality (ch.6-7), not narrowed only to adultery. |
| 16 | Leaven / unleavened | ζύμη / ἄζυμος | zymē / azymos | খামির / খামিরবিহীন | Medium | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5:6-8 | Corrupting-influence metaphor. |
| 17 | Passover (Christ our) | πάσχα | pascha | নিস্তারপর্ব | High | Cross / Church Discipline | 5:7 | Established OT festival term; preserves sacrificial-substitution/deliverance sense, not merely a festival name. |
| 18 | Redeemed / bought with a price | ἀγοράζω | agorazō | মূল্য দিয়ে ক্রয় করা হয়েছ | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 6:20; 7:23 | New redemption-adjacent doctrine not separately covered in Romans baseline; ownership/belonging sense, not mere financial transaction. |
| 19 | Go to law / lawsuit | κρίνεσθαι | krinesthai | মামলা করা | Medium | Christian Unity vs. Factionalism | 6:1-8 | Specific concern: litigation before secular courts between believers. |
| 20 | One flesh | μία σάρξ | mia sarx | এক দেহ | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | 6:16 | Marriage-union background for ch.7. |
| 21 | Marriage | γάμος | gamos | বিবাহ | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | 7:2ff | Guard against reading as prescriptive social advice rather than situational pastoral counsel. |
| 22 | Virgin | παρθένος | parthenos | কুমারী | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | 7:25-38 | Note distinct cultural register: also the term for the venerated girl in Hindu Kumari Puja tradition (mainly Nepal, present in parts of Bengal); low practical confusion in this context. |
| 23 | Unmarried | ἄγαμος | agamos | অবিবাহিত | Low | Marriage and Singleness | 7:8,11,32 | — |
| 24 | Widow | χήρα | chēra | বিধবা | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | 7:8,39-40 | Paul’s permissive remarriage counsel sits against a historic Bengali (esp. Hindu) social taboo against widow remarriage; pastoral sensitivity required in teaching notes. |
| 25 | Idol | εἴδωλον | eidōlon | প্রতিমা | High | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8:1-13; 10:19-20; 12:2 | Names the very objects venerated in living Hindu practice; doctrinally correct, pastorally requires careful tone. |
| 26 | Food offered to idols | εἰδωλόθυτον | eidōlothyton | প্রতিমার উদ্দেশ্যে উৎসর্গীকৃত খাদ্য | High | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8:1,4,7,10; 10:19,28 | Compound phrase required; no single word suffices. |
| 27 | Conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | বিবেক | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8:7,10,12; 10:25-29 | Note: a “weak” Spirit-informed conscience is a different concept from an innate self-sufficient moral sense implied by unqualified বিবেক. |
| 28 | Stumbling block | σκάνδαλον / πρόσκομμα | skandalon / proskomma | বিঘ্ন | High | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8:9,13; 9:12; 10:32 | A brother’s faith must not be wounded by another’s exercised freedom. |
| 29 | Crown | στέφανος | stephanos | মুকুট (অক্ষয় মুকুট for “imperishable crown”) | Medium | Christ-Centered Ministry | 9:24-25 | Also standard iconographic term for deity crowns (Durga’s মুকুট); athletic/imperishable-prize context keeps risk moderate. |
| 30 | Idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία | eidōlolatria | প্রতিমাপূজা | Critical | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 10:7,14 | Deliberately reuses পূজা (the central Hindu ritual-worship term); reinforces the existing Bengali Christian distinction between উপাসনা (worship of God) and পূজা (image-directed ritual worship). |
| 31 | Demons | δαιμόνιον | daimonion | মন্দ আত্মা | High | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 10:20-21 | Rejects ভূত (folk ghost/poltergeist connotation); this is the biblical category of malevolent spiritual beings behind idolatry, not folkloric ghosts. |
| 32 | Table of the Lord / of demons | τράπεζα κυρίου / δαιμονίων | trapeza kyriou/daimoniōn | প্রভুর মেজ / মন্দ আত্মাদের মেজ | High | The Lord’s Supper / Idol Meat | 10:21 | Mutual-exclusivity argument must not be softened. |
| 33 | Head / headship | κεφαλή | kephalē | মাথা / মস্তক | High | Order in Worship | 11:3-10 | Preserve Paul’s argument structure precisely; avoid both softened-egalitarian and exaggerated-hierarchical glosses not present in the Greek. |
| 34 | Head covering | κατακαλύπτω | katakalyptō | মাথা ঢাকা | Critical | Order in Worship | 11:4-7,13 | Intersects with live religiously-coded dress practice (Hindu আঁচল/sari-veiling; Muslim hijab/burqa); render as first-century argument, not an endorsement/rejection of any contemporary practice. |
| 35 | Authority (symbol of) | ἐξουσία | exousia | ক্ষমতার চিহ্ন | High | Order in Worship | 11:10 | — |
| 36 | Lord’s Supper | κυριακὸν δεῖπνον | kyriakon deipnon | প্রভুর ভোজ | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11:20 | — |
| 37 | Body (Eucharistic) | σῶμα | sōma | শরীর | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11:24,27,29 | Distinct sense from #43 “body of Christ” (ecclesial); same Bengali word, different referent — do not conflate in translator notes. |
| 38 | Blood / new covenant | αἷμα / καινὴ διαθήκη | haima / kainē diathēkē | রক্ত / নতুন নিয়ম | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11:25 | Reuses established নিয়ম (covenant, High) with নতুন. |
| 39 | Cup | ποτήριον | potērion | পানপাত্র | Medium | The Lord’s Supper | 10:16,21; 11:25-28 | — |
| 40 | Remembrance | ἀνάμνησις | anamnēsis | স্মরণ | Medium | The Lord’s Supper | 11:24-25 | — |
| 41 | Unworthy manner | ἀναξίως | anaxiōs | অযোগ্যভাবে | High | The Lord’s Supper | 11:27 | — |
| 42 | Examine (self) / discern the body | δοκιμάζω / διακρίνω | dokimazō / diakrinō | পরীক্ষা করা / শরীর নির্ণয় করা | High | The Lord’s Supper | 11:28-29 | Genuinely disputed phrase (recognizing Christ’s body vs. recognizing the church); flag ambiguity for theologian review. |
| 43 | Body of Christ (ecclesial) | σῶμα Χριστοῦ | sōma Christou | খ্রীষ্টের শরীর | High | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12:12-27 | See #37 note on distinct referent. |
| 44 | Members | μέλη | melē | অঙ্গপ্রত্যঙ্গ | Medium | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12:12-27 | Preserves organic-body metaphor over generic “member.” |
| 45 | Manifestation of the Spirit | φανέρωσις | phanerōsis | আত্মার প্রকাশ | Medium | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12:7 | — |
| 46 | Healing | ἴαμα | iama | আরোগ্য / সুস্থতা | Medium | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12:9,28,30 | Spirit-given, not merit-earned or occult. |
| 47 | Discerning of spirits | διάκρισις πνευμάτων | diakrisis pneumatōn | আত্মা পরীক্ষা করার ক্ষমতা | High | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12:10 | Relevant given prevalence of spirit-possession phenomena in Bengali folk religion; this is Spirit-given discernment, not possession-trance. |
| 48 | Speaking in tongues | γλῶσσα / γλῶσσαι | glōssa | ভাষায় কথা বলা | High | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12:10,28,30; 13:1,8; 14:2-39 | Distinguish from ecstatic possession-trance utterance in folk-Hindu/Sufi practice; Spirit-given prayer/utterance to God, not loss of self-control. |
| 49 | Anathema / accursed | ἀνάθεμα | anathema | অভিশপ্ত | Critical | The Lord’s Supper / Lordship of Christ (antithesis) | 12:3; 16:22 | Direct antithesis to “Jesus is Lord” (যীশু প্রভু, Romans 10:9 baseline); render as exact opposite, no ambiguity. |
| 50 | Interpretation (of tongues) | ἑρμηνεία | hermēneia | অনুবাদ / ব্যাখ্যা | Medium | Spiritual Gifts / Order in Worship | 14:13,26-28 | — |
| 51 | Patience | μακροθυμία | makrothymia | ধৈর্য | Low | Love as the Greater Way | 13:4 | — |
| 52 | Kindness | χρηστεύεται | chrēsteuetai | দয়া | Low | Love as the Greater Way | 13:4 | Ethical virtue use only; do not confuse with rejected soteriological alternative কৃপা/দয়া for “grace.” |
| 53 | Envy | ζηλόω | zēloō | ঈর্ষা | Low | Love as the Greater Way | 13:4 | — |
| 54 | Edification | οἰκοδομή | oikodomē | গড়ে তোলা / উন্নতিসাধন | Medium | Spiritual Gifts / Order in Worship | 14:3-5,12,26 | Reuses Romans doctrine registry’s mutual-edification noun sense. |
| 55 | Order | τάξις | taxis | শৃঙ্খলা | Medium | Order in Worship | 14:40 | — |
| 56 | Silence | σιγάω | sigaō | নীরব থাকা | High | Order in Worship | 14:28,30,34 | Contemporary flashpoint passage (14:34-35); render precisely without interpretive gloss; flag for joint theologian + native-speaker review. |
| 57 | Firstfruits | ἀπαρχή | aparchē | প্রথমফল | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:20,23 | Established OT agricultural-offering term; central to chapter’s logical argument. |
| 58 | Adam (first/last) | Ἀδάμ | Adam | আদম | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:22,45 | Recognized figure in both Hindu-influenced and Muslim Bengali tradition; Paul’s federal-headship typology is distinct from either tradition’s account — clarify in teaching notes. |
| 59 | Imperishable / incorruptible | ἄφθαρτος | aphthartos | অক্ষয় | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:42,50,52-54 | Note Hindu festival association (Akshaya Tritiya); clarify bodily-resurrection permanence vs. merit-based imperishability. |
| 60 | Mortal / immortality | θνητός / ἀθανασία | thnētos / athanasia | মরণশীল / অমরত্ব | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:53-54 | Future gift of bodily resurrection given by God, not an inherent property of the soul uncovered through spiritual attainment (contrast Hindu moksha motifs). |
| 61 | Victory | νῖκος | nikos | জয় / বিজয় | Low | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:54,57 | — |
| 62 | Sting (of death) | κέντρον | kentron | দংশন | Low | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:55 | — |
| 63 | Witness | μάρτυς | martys | সাক্ষী | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:6,15 | — |
| 64 | Image (heavenly) | εἰκών | eikōn | প্রতিরূপ | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:49 | Must never be rendered প্রতিমা (idol, #25) despite superficial English overlap (“image”). |
| 65 | Trumpet | σάλπιγξ | salpinx | তূরী / শিঙা | Low | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:52 | Potential positive bridge point with Islamic Last-Trumpet (Sur) eschatology. |
| 66 | Received (tradition) | παραλαμβάνω | paralambanō | গ্রহণ করা | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:1,3 | Technical tradition-reception term paired with #67; content received is closed and fixed. |
| 67 | Delivered (tradition) | παραδίδωμι | paradidōmi | সমর্পণ করা / হস্তান্তর করা | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:3 | Potential positive resonance with গুরু-পরম্পরা but must be distinguished from an evolving oral tradition. |
| 68 | Stand (firm) | ἵστημι | histēmi | স্থির থাকা | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:1 | — |
| 69 | In vain | κενός / μάτην | kenos / matēn | নিষ্ফল / নিষ্ফলভাবে | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:2,10,14,17,58 | Anchors the chapter’s central logical argument; must carry “worthless, without effect,” not merely “mistaken.” |
| 70 | Fallen asleep (death euphemism) | κοιμάομαι | koimaomai | নিদ্রাগত হওয়া | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:6,18,20,51 | Preserve resurrection-hope nuance; avoid folk-Hindu “sleep between rebirths” misreading. |
| 71 | Appeared (resurrection) | ὤφθη | ōphthē | দেখা দিলেন | Critical | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:5-8 | Highest-priority term in the core passage: objective, embodied, externally-visible appearance to named/numbered witnesses; distinguish from dream/vision/mystical-experience vocabulary (স্বপ্ন, দর্শন). |
| 72 | Buried | ἐτάφη | etaphē | কবর দেওয়া হল | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:4 | Establishes real, physical death against docetic reading and Islamic denial of the crucifixion/death. |
| 73 | Died for our sins (for/on behalf of) | ὑπέρ | hyper | জন্য / পক্ষে | Critical | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:3 | Must preserve vicarious-substitution force (“in our place/for our sake”), not merely causal “because of.” |
| 74 | Persecuted | διώκω | diōkō | তাড়না করা / অত্যাচার করা | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers / Grace | 15:9 | Ties Paul’s testimony of grace to his pre-conversion violence against the church. |
| 75 | Preach / proclaim | κηρύσσω | kēryssō | প্রচার করা | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 9:16-18; 15:11 | Verb form of established mission doctrine term. |
| 76 | Collection (for saints) | λογία | logia | দান সংগ্রহ | Low | Church as God’s People (extension) | 16:1-2 | — |
| 77 | Maranatha | Μαρὰν ἀθά | maran atha | মারান আথা (gloss: প্রভু, আসুন) | Medium | The Lord’s Supper / Eschatological Hope | 16:22 | Preserve transliteration per established Aramaic-retention pattern (cf. আব্বা). |
| 78 | Holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | philēma hagion | পবিত্র চুম্বন | Medium | Christian Fellowship (extension) | 16:20 | Not customary Bengali social practice; typically contextualized as warm holy greeting in teaching materials. |
Risk Summary (New Terms, Section B)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 9 | Human theologian |
| High | 30 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 30 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 9 | Automated review |
| Total new terms | 78 |
Terms flagged Critical or High in Section B must be routed to human theologian review before entering Phase 2 translation memory, per the escalation rules established in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md. This glossary is the Step 1 foundation for Step 8’s formal Core Glossary artifact and for the eventual extension of translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json / doctrine_risk_registry.json to cover 1 Corinthians.
Critical Risk Terms
Anathema
Approved rendering: অভিশপ্ত
Transliteration: obhishopto
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ: Confession and Anathema
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Christology
New to 1 Corinthians. Accursed; the negative confession no Spirit-led person can utter of Jesus (12:3), and the curse pronounced on anyone without love for the Lord (16:22). Stands in direct antithesis to ‘Jesus is Lord’ (যীশু প্রভু); the two confessions must be rendered as exact opposites with zero ambiguity, and consistent across 12:3 and 16:22.
Appeared
Approved rendering: দেখা দিলেন
Transliteration: dekha dilen
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: স্বপ্ন, দর্শন, অন্তর্দৃষ্টি
Original: ὤφθη
Category: Resurrection
New to 1 Corinthians. CRITICAL: the highest-priority term in the core passage. The technical verb for the objective, embodied, externally-visible resurrection appearances to named and numbered witnesses (15:5-8). Must be rendered consistently across all five occurrences and distinguished from dream/vision/mystical-experience vocabulary (স্বপ্ন, দর্শন, অন্তর্দৃষ্টি), given Bengal’s traditions of guru/saint দর্শন, deity visions, and Sufi mystical states.
Blood New Covenant
Approved rendering: রক্ত
Transliteration: rokto
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: αἷμα / καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: LordsSupper
New to 1 Corinthians. Christ’s blood establishing the new covenant (11:25); pairs established নিয়ম (covenant) with নতুন (‘new’).
Body Eucharistic
Approved rendering: শরীর
Transliteration: shorir
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα
Category: LordsSupper
New to 1 Corinthians. Christ’s body given in the institution words ‘this is my body’ (11:24), and the object of unworthy partaking (11:27) and failure to discern (11:29). Distinct referent from the ecclesial ‘body of Christ’ (see body_of_christ entry) though the Bengali word is identical — must not be conflated in translator notes.
Christ
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (keyed ‘messiah’ there; renamed ‘christ’ here for consistency with this curriculum’s registry, content unchanged). Subject of the creedal summary in 15:3-23 and the ground of every doctrine in the letter.
Died For Our Sins
Approved rendering: জন্য
Transliteration: jonyo
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: কারণে (mere causal ‘because of,’ flattens the substitutionary force)
Original: ὑπέρ
Category: Atonement
New to 1 Corinthians. The substitutionary preposition ὑπέρ in ‘Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures’ (15:3) — the core kerygmatic statement of the atonement. Must preserve vicarious-substitution force (‘in our place/for our sake’); পক্ষে available as a secondary equivalent.
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকর্তা
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). 8:6’s ‘one God, the Father’ and 15:24’s climactic handover of the kingdom to the Father; never an impersonal creator-principle.
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Never ভগবান or আল্লাহ anywhere in 1 Corinthians.
Head Covering
Approved rendering: মাথা ঢাকা
Transliteration: matha dhaka
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Headship and Head Covering
Original: κατακαλύπτω
Category: Worship
New to 1 Corinthians. CRITICAL: intersects live, religiously-coded dress practice — Hindu আঁচল/ওড়না veiling and Muslim hijab/burqa practice. Render as Paul’s first-century Corinthian argument about honor and headship (11:4-7,13); must not imply endorsement or rejection of any contemporary Bengali religious dress practice.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্র আত্মা
Transliteration: Pobitro Attha
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্ম, পরমাত্মা
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Never ব্রহ্ম or পরমাত্মা. Reveals hidden wisdom (2:10-14), indwells believers as temple (3:16; 6:19), distributes distinct gifts as a personal agent (12:3-13), not an impersonal diffusing force.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: প্রতিমাপূজা
Transliteration: protima puja
Doctrine: Idolatry and Spiritual Powers
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Idolatry
New to 1 Corinthians. Deliberately reuses পূজা, the central Bengali Hindu ritual-worship term, paired with প্রতিমা. Precise and doctrinally necessary — Paul warns believers to flee exactly this category of devotion when misdirected at an image (10:7,14; cf. 12:2). Reinforces the existing Bengali Christian উপাসনা/পূজা distinction rather than avoiding the collision.
Jesus
Approved rendering: যীশু
Transliteration: Jishu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ: Confession and Anathema
Rejected alternatives: ঈসা
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Never ঈসা throughout 1 Corinthians, including the resurrection narrative (ch.15) where the Qur’anic denial of the crucifixion makes this boundary especially load-bearing.
Justification
Approved rendering: ধার্মিক বলে গণ্য হওয়া
Transliteration: dharmik bole gonyo howa
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: ক্ষমা পাওয়া, পুণ্য লাভ করা
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Named third in 6:11’s compact triad (‘washed, sanctified, justified’); never truncate to ক্ষমা even inside the compact triad.
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ: Confession and Anathema
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). 1 Corinthians 8:6 (‘one Lord, Jesus Christ’) and 12:3 (the Spirit’s confession test, set against ‘Jesus is accursed’/যীশু অভিশপ্ত) require exclusive, unsoftened supreme Lordship.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: প্রভুর ভোজ
Transliteration: provur bhoj
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: κυριακὸν δεῖπνον
Category: LordsSupper
New to 1 Corinthians. Instituted by Christ, profaned by the Corinthians’ divisive practice (11:20). Foundational rite; consistency required with related institution-narrative vocabulary (body, blood, cup, new covenant).
Love
Approved rendering: প্রেম
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: ভালোবাসা, কাম
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Love
New to 1 Corinthians. The single highest-collision term in the curriculum. প্রেম is the established Bengali Christian rendering of ἀγάπη but is also the central term of Bengali Vaishnava bhakti devotional poetry and Tagore’s romantic-devotional verse (রাধা-কৃষ্ণ প্রেম). MANDATORY translator note required at 13:1 clarifying self-giving, others-oriented, covenantal love modeled on Christ, not romantic or devotional-erotic love. Never ভালোবাসা alone (too broad/romantic) or কাম (lust/desire). Governs 8:1-3; 13:1-13; 14:1; 16:14,22.
Natural Man
Approved rendering: প্রাণিক মানুষ
Transliteration: pranik manush
Doctrine: Natural versus Spiritual Man
Rejected alternatives: প্রাকৃতিক মানুষ
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Anthropology
New to 1 Corinthians. CRITICAL: NEVER প্রাকৃতিক মানুষ — cognate of প্রকৃতি (prakriti), the Samkhya/Hindu term for primal material Nature opposed to Puruṣa (Spirit/Self); would recast Paul’s soul/Spirit contrast (2:14; 15:44 ‘natural body’) as prakriti-purusha dualism. Use only প্রাণিক (from প্রাণ, life-breath).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: পুনরুত্থান
Transliteration: punorutthan
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম, পুনর্জীবন
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). CRITICAL: the curriculum’s core-passage doctrine. Never পুনর্জন্ম (reincarnation). Anchors 15:4,12-13,20-21,42,52 without exception; must be used consistently across the whole chapter.
Temple
Approved rendering: মন্দির
Transliteration: mondir
Doctrine: Temple of the Holy Spirit
Original: ναός
Category: Sanctification
New to 1 Corinthians. CRITICAL: sole context in this curriculum where মন্দির is required, in deliberate exception to the Romans baseline’s prohibition of মন্দির for ἐκκλησία. MANDATORY translator note at first occurrence (3:16) clarifying that Paul’s metaphor inverts the ordinary Bengali meaning: believers themselves (3:16-17 corporately; 6:19 individually) ARE God’s dwelling, indwelt by the Spirit — not visitors to a shrine housing a deity’s image.
High Risk Terms
Authority Symbol
Approved rendering: ক্ষমতার চিহ্ন
Transliteration: kkhomotar chihno
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Headship and Head Covering
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Worship
New to 1 Corinthians. A symbol of authority worn on the head (11:10); render in continuity with the head/head-covering discussion of 11:3-9.
Baptism
Approved rendering: বাপ্তিস্ম
Transliteration: baptisyo
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Church
New to 1 Corinthians. Established Bengali Christian loanword-transliteration; no direct Hindu/Muslim ritual-collision. 15:29 (‘baptized for the dead’) is exegetically disputed — render descriptively, flag for theologian review, do not resolve the ambiguity in translation.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্টের শরীর
Transliteration: Khrishtoer shorir
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ
Category: SpiritualGifts
New to 1 Corinthians. The church as Christ’s corporate body, made of interdependent members each gifted for the whole (12:12-27). Reuses শরীর but in its distinct ecclesial-corporate sense — see body_eucharistic entry for the Lord’s Supper sense; same Bengali word, different referent, not to be conflated.
Buried
Approved rendering: কবর দেওয়া হল
Transliteration: kobor deoya holo
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: ἐτάφη
Category: Resurrection
New to 1 Corinthians. Establishes the real, physical death of Christ prior to resurrection (15:4); a load-bearing apologetic detail against docetic reading and against the Islamic denial that Jesus actually died on the cross.
Called
Approved rendering: আহুত
Transliteration: ahuto
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: আমন্ত্রিত, নিমন্ত্রিত
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Applied in 1 Corinthians to apostleship (1:1), sainthood (1:2,24,26), and each believer’s situation in life (7:15-24, ‘as God has called each’).
Calling
Approved rendering: আহ্বান
Transliteration: ahban
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). 1 Corinthians 7:20 (‘remain in the calling in which he was called’) denotes one’s God-given life-situation at conversion, not an evolving personal destiny.
Covenant
Approved rendering: নিয়ম
Transliteration: niyom
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি, অঙ্গীকার
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). In 11:25 must be paired with নতুন (‘new covenant’), echoing established Bengali Bible usage (পুরাতন নিয়ম/নতুন নিয়ম).
Cross
Approved rendering: ক্রুশ
Transliteration: krush
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σταυρός
Category: Cross
New to 1 Corinthians. Established Bengali Christian term; risk is doctrinal weight, not lexical collision. Never soften ‘the message of the cross’ (1:17-18) into a generic suffering/self-sacrifice term, which would blunt the deliberate scandal Paul insists on.
Delivered Tradition
Approved rendering: সমর্পণ করা
Transliteration: somorpon kora
Doctrine: Gospel and Apostolic Tradition
Original: παραδίδωμι
Category: Revelation
New to 1 Corinthians. To hand down a fixed body of teaching; Paul’s act of transmitting the creedal gospel summary ‘in the first place’ (15:3). May positively resonate with গুরু-পরম্পরা (teaching lineage), but a translator note must clarify that Paul’s deposit is fixed and closed, not an evolving lineage tradition.
Demons
Approved rendering: মন্দ আত্মা
Transliteration: mondo attha
Doctrine: Idolatry and Spiritual Powers
Rejected alternatives: ভূত
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Idolatry
New to 1 Corinthians. Malevolent spiritual beings standing behind idol worship (10:20-21). NEVER ভূত, the common Bengali folk word for wandering ghosts/ancestor-spirits/poltergeists, which does not carry the biblical category of malevolent spiritual beings behind idolatry.
Discerning Of Spirits
Approved rendering: আত্মা পরীক্ষা করার ক্ষমতা
Transliteration: attha porikkha korar kkhomota
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: διάκρισις πνευμάτων
Category: SpiritualGifts
New to 1 Corinthians. The gift of testing whether a spiritual manifestation is from the Holy Spirit (12:10). Relevant given the prevalence of spirit-possession phenomena in Bengali folk-Hindu deity-possession trance and folk-Islamic jinn-possession practice; this gift is Spirit-given discernment, not itself a possession-trance state.
Examine Discern Body
Approved rendering: পরীক্ষা করা / শরীর নির্ণয় করা
Transliteration: porikkha kora / shorir nirnoy kora
Doctrine: Divine Judgment and Self-Examination
Original: δοκιμάζω / διακρίνω
Category: LordsSupper
New to 1 Corinthians. Self-examination before partaking (দোকিমাজো), and ‘discerning the body’ (διακρίνω), a genuinely disputed phrase (recognizing Christ’s body vs. recognizing the church, 11:28-29). Render descriptively; flag for theologian review rather than resolving the ambiguity. Self-examination is not merit-earning ritual purification.
Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাস
Transliteration: bishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ঈমান, শ্রদ্ধা
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). In 1 Corinthians 15:14,17 the validity of faith is tied directly to the historical resurrection; faith is shown to be void (‘in vain’) without it.
Fallen Asleep
Approved rendering: নিদ্রাগত হওয়া
Transliteration: nidragoto howa
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: κοιμάομαι
Category: Resurrection
New to 1 Corinthians. A euphemism for death used of believers awaiting bodily resurrection, distinct from the ordinary verb ‘died’ (15:6,18,20,51). Must preserve resurrection-hope nuance, avoiding a folk-Hindu ‘sleep between rebirths’ misreading.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: প্রথমফল
Transliteration: prothomfol
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Resurrection
New to 1 Corinthians. Established OT agricultural-offering term. Christ’s resurrection as firstfruits guarantees believers’ own bodily resurrection (15:20,23); low religious-collision risk, high doctrinal weight as the chapter’s central logical argument.
Food Offered To Idols
Approved rendering: প্রতিমার উদ্দেশ্যে উৎসর্গীকৃত খাদ্য
Transliteration: protimar uddeshye utshorgikrito khaddo
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Idolatry
New to 1 Corinthians. Food ritually offered to an idol before being sold or served (8:1,4,7,10; 10:19,28); no single Bengali word suffices, compound phrase required.
Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Never তেজ. In 15:40-43’s graded-splendor resurrection-body analogy, মহিমা must still carry God-given splendor, not an occult aura.
Gospel
Approved rendering: সুসমাচার
Transliteration: susomachar
Doctrine: Gospel and Apostolic Tradition
Rejected alternatives: খুশ খবর, ইঞ্জিল
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Also occurs throughout 1 Corinthians, especially 1:17; 4:15; 9:12-18; 15:1-2,11, where it denotes the fixed, closed apostolic creedal deposit Paul restates in 15:3-11, not an evolving teaching.
Grace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). 1 Corinthians 15:9-10 (‘by the grace of God I am what I am’) is a grace-versus-merit passage on par with Romans 4:4-5/11:5-6 and carries the same theologian-review escalation.
Head
Approved rendering: মাথা
Transliteration: matha
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Headship and Head Covering
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Worship
New to 1 Corinthians. Metaphorical headship (Christ as head of every man, husband as head of his wife, 11:3); must preserve Paul’s argument structure precisely, avoiding both a softened-egalitarian and an exaggerated-hierarchical gloss not present in the Greek. মস্তক available as a formal synonym.
Holy
Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). 1 Corinthians 3:17 describes God’s temple; 7:14’s ‘holy children’ denotes relational set-apartness through a believing parent, not automatic salvation or ritual purity.
Idol
Approved rendering: প্রতিমা
Transliteration: protima
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Rejected alternatives: মূর্তি (defensible alternative, not selected — retained for OT graven-image continuity)
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Idolatry
New to 1 Corinthians. Names the very objects venerated in living Hindu practice (Durga প্রতিমা, etc.) — doctrinally correct, since Paul addresses exactly this practice; requires careful pastoral tone rather than lexical softening.
In Vain
Approved rendering: নিষ্ফল
Transliteration: nishfol
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: ব্যর্থ (alone; underweights the ‘worthless, without effect’ force)
Original: κενός / μάτην
Category: Resurrection
New to 1 Corinthians. Anchors the chapter’s central logical argument that faith and preaching are pointless if Christ is not raised (15:2,10,14,17,58). Must carry ‘worthless, without effect,’ not merely ‘mistaken’; consistent across all five occurrences.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: জ্ঞান
Transliteration: gyan
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Wisdom
New to 1 Corinthians. Deliberately distinct from ch.1’s σοφία (প্রজ্ঞা). Critiqued in 8:1 as something that ‘puffs up’ when not joined to love (8:1,7,10-11; 12:8; 13:2,8; 14:6). Flag the jnana-marga collision risk: the critique of pride in knowledge must not be mistaken for a critique of all learning.
Law
Approved rendering: ব্যবস্থা
Transliteration: bebostha
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, শরিয়ত, নিয়ম
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Occurs at 9:8-9 (Paul’s argument from the Mosaic Law) and 14:34 (‘as the Law says’); never ধর্ম or শরিয়ত.
Mortal Immortality
Approved rendering: মরণশীল / অমরত্ব
Transliteration: moronshil / omorotwo
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: θνητός / ἀθανασία
Category: Resurrection
New to 1 Corinthians. Mortality and its promised reversal in immortality, put on at the resurrection (15:53-54). অমরত্ব must be clarified as a future gift of bodily resurrection given by God, not an inherent soul-property uncovered through spiritual attainment as in Hindu moksha motifs.
Mystery
Approved rendering: নিগূঢ়তত্ত্ব
Transliteration: nigurhotattwo
Doctrine: Inspiration and Revelation of Mystery
Rejected alternatives: রহস্য (bare form)
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Revelation
New to 1 Corinthians. Never bare রহস্য, which in general Bengali usage carries occult/tantric secret-knowledge associations (তান্ত্রিক রহস্য). The biblical μυστήριον is a truth once hidden and now openly disclosed to all believers (2:1,7; 4:1; 13:2; 14:2; 15:51), not reserved for initiates.
Passover
Approved rendering: নিস্তারপর্ব
Transliteration: nistarparbo
Doctrine: Christ Our Passover
Original: πάσχα
Category: Atonement
New to 1 Corinthians. Established OT festival term. Paul identifies Christ typologically as ‘our Passover lamb’ who ‘has been sacrificed’ (5:7); must preserve sacrificial-substitution and deliverance sense, not function as a bare festival name.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer shamorthyo
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). NEVER শক্তি, given Bengal’s Shakta-Hindu goddess-power association. Anchors 1:18,24; 2:5; 4:19-20; 6:14 (resurrection power).
Received Tradition
Approved rendering: গ্রহণ করা
Transliteration: grohon kora
Doctrine: Gospel and Apostolic Tradition
Original: παραλαμβάνω
Category: Revelation
New to 1 Corinthians. To receive a fixed body of transmitted teaching; paired with ‘delivered’ describing how the Corinthians received the creedal gospel summary (15:1,3). Must not be rendered so loosely that it suggests an evolving oral tradition — the content received is closed and unchanging.
Redeemed
Approved rendering: মূল্য দিয়ে ক্রয় করা হয়েছ
Transliteration: mullo diye kroy kora hoyechho
Doctrine: Redemption (Bought with a Price)
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: Salvation
New to 1 Corinthians. Believers no longer belong to themselves, having been bought at a price (6:20; 7:23). Marketplace/manumission imagery conveys ownership-and-belonging, not a mere financial transaction; a brief gloss is advisable given Bengali historical associations with bonded labor.
Saints
Approved rendering: পবিত্র লোক
Transliteration: pobitro lok
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: সাধু, সাধুগণ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Addressed to the whole quarrelsome, immature Corinthian congregation (1:2) and to the Jerusalem believers receiving the collection (16:1,15) — never a small ascetic elite.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: পবিত্রীকরণ
Transliteration: pobitrikoron
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: শুদ্ধিকরণ
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Named as a distinct member of the ‘washed, sanctified, justified’ triad in 6:11; must not collapse into cleansing or forensic declaration.
Schism
Approved rendering: বিভেদ
Transliteration: bibhed
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: মতভেদ (too weak; reserve for mere difference of opinion, not for σχίσμα itself)
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Unity
New to 1 Corinthians. Must convey an actual fracturing of the one body (1:10; 11:18; 12:25), not mere disagreement — especially given Bengali congregations already overlay denominational, linguistic, and social-background divisions onto this exact risk.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: যৌন অনৈতিকতা
Transliteration: jouno onoitikota
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: πορνεία
Category: Holiness
New to 1 Corinthians. Must remain broad enough to cover the incest case (5:1) and general sexual sin (6:9,13,18; 7:2); ব্যভিচার reserved as a narrower synonym specifically for adultery when contextually clear.
Silence
Approved rendering: নীরব থাকা
Transliteration: nirobo thaka
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Intelligibility and Silence
Original: σιγάω
Category: Worship
New to 1 Corinthians. Applied to tongues-speakers without an interpreter, to those prophesying when another speaks, and, in the disputed 14:34-35, to women in the assembly. This is a contemporary flashpoint passage in both complementarian and egalitarian Bengali church contexts; render accurately without an interpretive gloss; flag for joint theologian + native-speaker review.
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). 15:3 ties পাপ directly to the substitutionary preposition ‘for’ (see died_for_our_sins entry); 15:56 names sin as the enemy defeated by the resurrection.
Speaking In Tongues
Approved rendering: ভাষায় কথা বলা
Transliteration: bhashay kotha bola
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: γλῶσσα / γλῶσσαι
Category: SpiritualGifts
New to 1 Corinthians. Spirit-given utterance regulated for orderly use (chs.12-14). Must be distinguished from ecstatic/possession-trance utterance in folk-Hindu deity-possession rites and Sufi dhikr states; this is Spirit-given prayer/utterance to God (14:2), not human loss of self-control.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: বিঘ্ন
Transliteration: bighno
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: σκάνδαλον / πρόσκομμα
Category: Liberty
New to 1 Corinthians. An obstacle causing another believer to sin or fall away (8:9,13; 9:12; 10:32); a brother’s faith must not be wounded by another’s exercise of freedom.
Table Of The Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভুর মেজ
Transliteration: provur mej
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: τράπεζα κυρίου / τράπεζα δαιμονίων
Category: LordsSupper
New to 1 Corinthians. Set in mutually exclusive opposition to ‘the table of demons’ (মন্দ আত্মাদের মেজ); one cannot partake of both (10:21) — this mutual-exclusivity argument must not be softened.
Unworthy Manner
Approved rendering: অযোগ্যভাবে
Transliteration: oyogyovabe
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἀναξίως
Category: LordsSupper
New to 1 Corinthians. Partaking of the Supper while disregarding its meaning, incurring guilt (11:27); must not be softened into a purely ritual-etiquette concern — the passage ties this to real spiritual and physical consequence (11:30).
Wisdom
Approved rendering: প্রজ্ঞা
Transliteration: projna
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: জ্ঞান (reserved exclusively for γνῶσις, ‘knowledge’)
Original: σοφία
Category: Wisdom
New to 1 Corinthians. Contrasted with worldly wisdom (1:17-2:13; 3:19). Deliberately fenced apart from জ্ঞান so the two distinct Pauline Greek terms (σοφία/γνῶσις) are never double-loaded onto one Bengali word; also carries a lighter jnana-marga association than জ্ঞান.
Medium Risk Terms
Adam
Approved rendering: আদম
Transliteration: Adam
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: Ἀδάμ
Category: Resurrection
New to 1 Corinthians. The first man, given federal-headship function in death, contrasted with Christ as the last Adam (15:22,45). Recognized figure in both Hindu-influenced and Bengali Muslim tradition; Paul’s federal-headship typology is theologically distinct from either and should be clarified in teaching notes.
Apostle
Approved rendering: প্রেরিত
Transliteration: prerito
Doctrine: Apostolic Stewardship and Ministry
Rejected alternatives: দূত, বার্তাবাহক
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Paul defends his own apostleship (9:1-2; 15:9) and lists the risen Christ’s appearance to ‘all the apostles’ (15:7); distinguish from a generic guru or pir figure.
Boast
Approved rendering: গর্ব করা
Transliteration: gorbo kora
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Unity
New to 1 Corinthians. Paul redirects rather than eliminates boasting (‘let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord,’ 1:29,31; cf. 3:21; 4:7; 13:4); do not imply all self-confidence is forbidden.
Church
Approved rendering: মণ্ডলী
Transliteration: mondoli
Doctrine: Church as God’s People: Fellowship and Giving
Rejected alternatives: মন্দির, গির্জা
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Never মন্দির for ἐκκλησία (church) even though মন্দির IS separately required, with a mandatory translator note, for the genuinely different Greek word ναός (‘temple’) at 3:16-17 and 6:19 — see the dedicated ‘temple’ entry below.
Conscience
Approved rendering: বিবেক
Transliteration: bibek
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ethics
New to 1 Corinthians. The moral faculty by which one approves or condemns one’s own actions; a Spirit-informed conscience that can be ‘weak’ (8:7,10,12; 10:25-29) differs from the innate, self-sufficient moral sense বিবেক implies in general usage — contextual framing required.
Crown
Approved rendering: মুকুট
Transliteration: mukut
Doctrine: Apostolic Stewardship and Ministry
Original: στέφανος
Category: Ministry
New to 1 Corinthians. An athlete’s victory wreath as a metaphor for the imperishable reward of faithful ministry (9:24-25); মুকুট is also standard iconographic vocabulary for Hindu deity crowns (e.g., Durga’s মুকুট), but the athletic/imperishable-prize context keeps risk moderate. অক্ষয় মুকুট available to sharpen the imperishable-prize contrast.
Cup
Approved rendering: পানপাত্র
Transliteration: panpatro
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ποτήριον
Category: LordsSupper
New to 1 Corinthians. The cup of the Lord’s Supper (10:16,21; 11:25-28), contrasted with the cup of demons.
Edification
Approved rendering: গড়ে তোলা
Transliteration: gore tola
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Intelligibility and Silence
Original: οἰκοδομή
Category: Worship
New to 1 Corinthians. The building up of the church, the standard by which spiritual gifts are exercised (14:3-5,12,26); reuses the Romans doctrine registry’s mutual-edification sense.
Foolishness
Approved rendering: মূর্খতা
Transliteration: murkhota
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Wisdom
New to 1 Corinthians. How the cross appears to those who are perishing (1:18-25; 3:19); standard term, low collision risk.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: পরজাতি
Transliteration: porojati
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: বিদেশী
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). 5:1 (‘such sexual immorality as is not even named among the Gentiles’) and 10:32’s ‘Jews, Greeks, or the church of God’ both reflect the established non-Jewish-peoples sense.
Healing
Approved rendering: আরোগ্য
Transliteration: arogyo
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: ἴαμα
Category: SpiritualGifts
New to 1 Corinthians. The gift of healing, one of the manifestations of the Spirit (12:9,28,30); Spirit-given, not merit-earned or occult.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: পবিত্র চুম্বন
Transliteration: pobitro chumbon
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Fellowship
New to 1 Corinthians. A customary greeting of warm Christian affection (16:20); physical kissing as a greeting is not customary Bengali social practice (Hindu or Muslim), so teaching materials should contextualize this as a warm holy greeting/embrace rather than a literal instruction.
Image Heavenly
Approved rendering: প্রতিরূপ
Transliteration: protirup
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: প্রতিমা (forbidden — see notes)
Original: εἰκών
Category: Resurrection
New to 1 Corinthians. The heavenly image believers will bear at the resurrection, patterned after Christ (15:49). Must never be rendered প্রতিমা (idol) despite superficial English overlap (‘image’); conflating the two would wrongly associate bearing Christ’s heavenly image with idol-imagery language.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: অক্ষয়
Transliteration: okkhoy
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: Resurrection
New to 1 Corinthians. Incorruptible, undecaying; the quality of the resurrection body (15:42,50,52-54). Note the Hindu festival association (Akshaya Tritiya); a translator note distinguishing bodily-resurrection permanence from merit-based ‘imperishability’ is prudent.
Interpretation Of Tongues
Approved rendering: ব্যাখ্যা
Transliteration: bebkhya
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Intelligibility and Silence
Original: ἑρμηνεία
Category: SpiritualGifts
New to 1 Corinthians. The gift of interpreting tongues so the church may be edified (14:13,26-28).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer Rajyo
Doctrine: Kingdom of God
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বরের দেশ
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). 6:9-10’s ethical-exclusion sense and 15:24,50’s climactic eschatological handover to the Father are distinct nuances; never territorial or political.
Lawsuit
Approved rendering: মামলা করা
Transliteration: mamla kora
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: κρίνεσθαι / κριτήριον
Category: Unity
New to 1 Corinthians. Litigation between believers before secular courts, which Paul forbids (6:1-8); must specify litigation, not generic conflict.
Leaven
Approved rendering: খামির
Transliteration: khamir
Doctrine: Christ Our Passover
Original: ζύμη / ἄζυμος
Category: Holiness
New to 1 Corinthians. Metaphor for corrupting influence requiring removal from the community (5:6-8); খামিরবিহীন for ‘unleavened.‘
Manifestation Of Spirit
Approved rendering: আত্মার প্রকাশ
Transliteration: atthar prokash
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: φανέρωσις
Category: SpiritualGifts
New to 1 Corinthians. The visible expression of the Spirit given to each believer for the common good (12:7).
Maranatha
Approved rendering: মারান আথা
Transliteration: maran atha
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope
Original: Μαρὰν ἀθά
Category: Eschatology
New to 1 Corinthians. Aramaic for ‘Our Lord, come’ (16:22); preserved untransliterated per the established Aramaic-retention pattern (cf. আব্বা in the Romans baseline), with meaning (‘প্রভু, আসুন’) supplied via gloss, not substituted in the main text.
Marriage
Approved rendering: বিবাহ
Transliteration: bibaho
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος
Category: Marriage
New to 1 Corinthians. Paul’s situational pastoral counsel in ch.7; must not be read as prescriptive social advice generalized to all Bengali arranged-marriage custom.
Members
Approved rendering: অঙ্গপ্রত্যঙ্গ
Transliteration: ongo-protyongo
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: সদস্য
Original: μέλη
Category: SpiritualGifts
New to 1 Corinthians. The individual body parts of the body of Christ (12:12-27); preferred over সদস্য (‘member’) to preserve the organic-body metaphor.
Mission
Approved rendering: সুসমাচার প্রচার
Transliteration: susomachar prochar
Doctrine: Gospel and Apostolic Tradition
Original: ἀποστολή / κηρύσσω word-group
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Captures both the noun and verb senses in 9:16-18,23 and 15:11’s summary claim that the message preached is uniform regardless of the messenger.
One Flesh
Approved rendering: এক দেহ
Transliteration: ek deho
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: μία σάρξ
Category: Marriage
New to 1 Corinthians. The one-flesh union created in sexual union, whether marital or, warns Paul, illicit (6:16); marriage-union background feeding into ch.7.
Order
Approved rendering: শৃঙ্খলা
Transliteration: shrinkhola
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Intelligibility and Silence
Original: τάξις
Category: Worship
New to 1 Corinthians. Orderly conduct in worship: ‘let all things be done decently and in order’ (14:40).
Peace
Approved rendering: শান্তি
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: সুখ, স্বস্তি
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). 7:15’s mixed-faith marriage counsel and 14:33’s orderly-worship argument both anchor in God’s own relational character, not merely psychological calm.
Persecuted
Approved rendering: তাড়না করা
Transliteration: tarhona kora
Doctrine: Grace
Original: διώκω
Category: Grace
New to 1 Corinthians. Paul’s pre-conversion violence against the church, cited as the backdrop to his testimony of grace (15:9); ties directly to the grace-over-merit doctrine of 15:10.
Preach
Approved rendering: প্রচার করা
Transliteration: prochar kora
Doctrine: Gospel and Apostolic Tradition
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Mission
New to 1 Corinthians. The verb form of the apostolic mission (9:16-18; 15:11), emphasizing that the message preached is uniform regardless of the human messenger.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: স্মরণ
Transliteration: sriron
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἀνάμνησις
Category: LordsSupper
New to 1 Corinthians. The commemorative purpose of the Lord’s Supper: ‘do this in remembrance of me’ (11:24-25).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: আত্মিক বর
Transliteration: attik bor
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: বর, আশীর্বাদ
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). The organizing term of chs.12 and 14 (χάρισμα); doctrine-level risk is elevated to High in this curriculum’s registry due to the concentration and pastoral sensitivity of chs.12-14, even though the lexical risk of the term itself remains Medium.
Spiritual Man
Approved rendering: আত্মিক মানুষ
Transliteration: attik manush
Doctrine: Natural versus Spiritual Man
Original: πνευματικός
Category: Anthropology
New to 1 Corinthians. One belonging to the Spirit (2:15; 3:1; 14:37) and the quality of the resurrection body (15:44); reuses established আত্মিক adjective (cf. আত্মিক বর).
Stand Firm
Approved rendering: স্থির থাকা
Transliteration: sthir thaka
Doctrine: Gospel and Apostolic Tradition
Original: ἵστημι
Category: Faith
New to 1 Corinthians. To stand, in a settled present state; the gospel is the ground on which the Corinthians presently stand (15:1).
Steward
Approved rendering: ভাণ্ডারী
Transliteration: bhandari
Doctrine: Apostolic Stewardship and Ministry
Rejected alternatives: তত্ত্বাবধায়ক (acceptable secondary synonym)
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Ministry
New to 1 Corinthians. A household manager entrusted with another’s resources; the image Paul applies to apostolic ministry (4:1-2). Must convey accountable delegated office, not a personally-magnetic guru/pir following.
Strife
Approved rendering: কলহ
Transliteration: koloho
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: ἔρις
Category: Unity
New to 1 Corinthians. Contention or quarreling among believers (1:11; 3:3); standard term.
Virgin
Approved rendering: কুমারী
Transliteration: kumari
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: παρθένος
Category: Marriage
New to 1 Corinthians. An unmarried woman, the subject of Paul’s counsel in 7:25-38. Note the distinct cultural register of কুমারী as the venerated girl in regional Hindu Kumari Puja tradition; low practical confusion given ch.7’s clear marital-status context.
Widow
Approved rendering: বিধবা
Transliteration: bidhoba
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: χήρα
Category: Marriage
New to 1 Corinthians. Paul teaches a widow is ‘free to marry whom she wishes’ (7:8,39-40); this permission sits against a historic and still-present Bengali (especially Hindu) social taboo against widow remarriage — text’s plain meaning must not be softened; pastoral framing belongs in teaching notes, not the translation.
Witness
Approved rendering: সাক্ষী
Transliteration: sakkhi
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: μάρτυς
Category: Resurrection
New to 1 Corinthians. One who testifies to what was seen; the risk of being ‘false witnesses about God’ if the resurrection is not real (15:15).
Low Risk Terms
Collection
Approved rendering: দান সংগ্রহ
Transliteration: dan songroho
Doctrine: Church as God’s People: Fellowship and Giving
Original: λογία
Category: Church
New to 1 Corinthians. The gathering of funds for the saints in Jerusalem (16:1-2); must be framed as voluntary, worship-integrated giving, not obligatory religious tax/merit-donation imagery.
Envy
Approved rendering: ঈর্ষা
Transliteration: irsha
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ζηλόω
Category: Love
New to 1 Corinthians. What love does not do (13:4); standard term.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: সহভাগিতা
Transliteration: shohobhagita
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: বন্ধুত্ব
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). In 10:16-20 the mutual-exclusivity argument (fellowship with the Lord vs. with demons) depends on this term’s participatory force.
Kindness
Approved rendering: দয়া
Transliteration: doya
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: χρηστεύεται
Category: Love
New to 1 Corinthians. A quality of love (13:4). Used strictly as an ethical virtue here, never as a soteriological substitute for অনুগ্রহ (grace) — the two must not be conflated.
Patience
Approved rendering: ধৈর্য
Transliteration: dhoirjo
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Love
New to 1 Corinthians. Patient endurance; the first quality of love listed in 13:4.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ভাববাণী
Transliteration: bhabbani
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: গণনা
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). A spiritual gift discussed extensively in chs.12-14, valued above uninterpreted tongues for building up the church.
Prophet
Approved rendering: ভাববাদী
Transliteration: bhabbadi
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতিষী
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). One who exercises the gift of prophecy in the congregation (12:28-29; 14:29,32,37); never জ্যোতিষী.
Sting Of Death
Approved rendering: দংশন
Transliteration: dongshon
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: κέντρον
Category: Resurrection
New to 1 Corinthians. Death’s power to wound, now removed (15:55).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: dhonnobad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (unchanged). Standard usage in 1:4,14; 14:16-18; 15:57.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: তূরী
Transliteration: turi
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Eschatology
New to 1 Corinthians. The last trumpet signaling the resurrection and transformation of believers (15:52). Shares imaginative territory with the Last-Day trumpet (Sur, Israfil) of Islamic eschatology — a potential positive bridge point for Muslim-background readers.
Unmarried
Approved rendering: অবিবাহিত
Transliteration: obibahito
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ἄγαμος
Category: Marriage
New to 1 Corinthians. Not married (7:8,11,32); standard term.
Victory
Approved rendering: জয়
Transliteration: joy
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: νῖκος
Category: Resurrection
New to 1 Corinthians. Victory over death granted through Christ (15:54,57).
Referenced passages