Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Psalms
English → Bengali Language Package Extension
Curriculum: Psalms
Core passage: Psalm 23:1-6
Generated: 2026-07-03
Status: Proposed extension to baseline translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json. All baseline entries are reused exactly as recorded; only new Psalms-specific terms and Psalms-specific nuances of existing baseline terms are introduced below.
Section 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline (No Change)
| Term | Bengali | Risk (baseline) | Psalms Occurrences (representative) | Psalms-Specific Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | ঈশ্বর | Critical | throughout | No change. |
| Lord (generic/address, Adonai/human lord) | প্রভু | Critical | Ps 8, 16, 35, 97, 110, 130, 136 | Must be kept visually/conceptually distinct from the new yhwh_lord entry (সদাপ্রভু) below — see Psalm 110:1. |
| Jesus | যীশু | Critical | NT cross-reference only | No Psalms occurrence; retained for messianic-fulfillment teaching notes. |
| Christ / Messiah | খ্রীষ্ট | Critical | NT-fulfillment cross-reference only | Reserved for the NT title on the fulfilled person of Jesus; NOT used for OT מָשִׁיחַ occurrences within Psalms itself — see new anointed_one entry. |
| Holy Spirit | পবিত্র আত্মা | Critical | Ps 51:11 | No change. |
| Father | পিতা | Critical | Ps 103:13 | No change. |
| Holy | পবিত্র | High | Ps 99, 145 | No change. |
| Righteousness | ধার্মিকতা | Critical | Ps 1, 4, 5, 7, 15, 22-24, 31, 35-37, 40, 45, 48, 50, 51, 65, 69, 71-72, 85, 89, 97, 103, 111-112, 118, 119, 143-145 | Never ধর্ম. Foundational to the “Righteous and the Wicked” doctrine. |
| Salvation | পরিত্রাণ | Critical | Ps 3, 9, 13, 18, 20-21, 24, 27, 62, 68-69, 74, 78, 85, 88, 91, 95, 98, 106, 108, 116, 118-119, 132, 140, 149 | Never মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত. |
| Grace | অনুগ্রহ | High | Ps 51 (chanan-family), 84, 86, 111, 116, 145 | Reuse exactly; distinguish from new hesed entry (see Section 2). |
| Faith / trust (credal sense) | বিশ্বাস | High | limited direct occurrence; conceptually present | See new trust entry (Section 2) for the OT batach-sense, which is broader than credal faith. |
| Sin | পাপ | High | Ps 1, 4, 25, 32, 38-39, 51, 103 | Fixed rendering for חֵטְא/chattaʼah. Do not extend to פֶּשַׁע or עָוֹן — see new transgression and iniquity entries. |
| Law | ব্যবস্থা | High | Ps 1, 19, 78, 89, 94, 105, 119 | Reuse exactly, but see Psalms-broadened-sense note in Section 3. |
| Glory | মহিমা | High | Ps 8, 19, 24, 29, 57, 63, 72, 96, 104, 108, 145-150 | No change. |
| Covenant | নিয়ম | High | Ps 25, 50, 74, 78, 89, 103, 105-106, 111, 132 | No change. |
| Election | ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন | High | Ps 105:6, 43 | No change. |
| Providence | ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা | High | Ps 90, 104, 139 | No change. |
| Peace | শান্তি | Medium | Ps 29:11, 34:14, 37:11, 85:10, 122:6-8 | No change. |
| Amen | আমেন | — | Ps 41:13, 72:19, 89:52, 106:48 | Reuse exactly (transliteration preserved). |
| Hallelujah | হাল্লিলূয়া | — | Ps 104-106, 111-117, 135, 146-150 | Reuse exactly (transliteration preserved). |
| David | দায়ূদ | Medium | throughout (73 psalm superscriptions) | No change. |
| Israel | ইস্রায়েল | Medium | Ps 14, 22, 25, 50, 68, 73, 76, 78, 80-81, 98, 105-106, 114-115, 121-122, 124-125, 128-131, 135-136, 147-149 | No change. |
| Church / assembly | মণ্ডলী | Medium | Ps 22:22, 25; 26:12; 35:18; 40:9-10; 68:26; 89:5; 107:32; 111:1; 149:1 (all קָהָל/qahal, “assembly”) | Reuse the fixed ekklēsia-adjacent term for OT qahal, since both denote God’s assembled covenant people. |
| Kingdom of God | ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য | Medium | Ps 22:28, 45:6, 103:19, 145:11-13 | No change; connects directly to new kingship cluster (Section 2). |
| Gentiles / nations | পরজাতি (only where a Jew/Gentile contrast is explicit) | Medium | Ps 9:5, 19-20; 47:8; 96:3, 10; 98:2; 102:15; 105:44; 106:41; 111:6; 149:7 | Caution: many “nations” (גּוֹיִם/goyim) occurrences in Psalms are generic (“the nations of the earth”) rather than a specific Jew/Gentile contrast. Use general জাতিগণ for the generic sense (see new nations entry) and reserve পরজাতি only where the Jew/Gentile contrast doctrine is explicitly in view. |
Section 2 — New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum (Psalms-Specific)
| ID | Term (EN) | Original (Hebrew) | Transliteration | Bengali Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
yhwh_lord | LORD (covenant name) | יְהוָה | YHWH | সদাপ্রভু (Sadaprabhu) | Critical | Character of God; Kingship; all doctrines | throughout (over 600 occurrences) | প্রভু alone (loses covenant-name distinctiveness); ঈশ্বর alone (loses personal-name specificity) | Established Bengali Bible convention for the Tetragrammaton, distinct from generic প্রভু (Adonai/κύριος, baseline). Must never be merged with প্রভু, especially in Ps 110:1 where both terms occur in the same verse referring to two distinct referents. |
shepherd | Shepherd (of God) | רָעָה / רֹעֶה | ro’ah / ro’eh | মেষপালক (meshpalak) | Critical | Character of God as Shepherd | Ps 23:1; 28:9; 78:52, 71; 79:13; 80:1; 95:7; 100:3 | রাখাল (rejected — inseparable Bengali Vaishnava association with Krishna as the divine cowherd, “রাখাল রাজা”) | Foundational term for the core-passage doctrine; do not permit রাখাল anywhere in Psalms materials. |
refuge | Refuge / shelter | מַחְסֶה / חָסָה | machaseh / chasah | আশ্রয় | High | Character of God as Refuge | Ps 2:12; 5:11; 7:1; 11:1; 14:6; 16:1; 18:2, 30; 25:20; 31:1, 19; 34:8, 22; 36:7; 46:1; 57:1; 61:3-4; 62:7-8; 64:10; 71:1; 91:2, 4, 9; 118:8-9; 141:8; 142:5; 144:2 | শরণ (rejected as primary rendering — too directly parallel to the Sanskrit/bhakti śaraṇa devotional-surrender vocabulary) | Note conceptual proximity to (but doctrinal distinction from) Vaishnava śaraṇāgati theology: biblical refuge is unilateral covenant protection (hesed-grounded), not a meritorious act of surrender earning divine favor. |
fortress | Fortress / stronghold | מְצוּדָה / מִשְׂגָּב | metsudah / misgav | দৃঢ় আশ্রয়স্থল (preferred) / দুর্গ (used sparingly, flagged) | Critical | Character of God as Refuge | Ps 9:9; 18:2; 27:1 (implicit); 31:3; 37:39; 46:1, 7, 11; 48:3; 59:9, 16-17; 62:2, 6; 71:3; 91:2; 94:22; 144:2 | দুর্গ as unqualified default (flagged — near-homophone of দুর্গা, the chief goddess of Bengali Shakta Hinduism and namesake of Durga Puja, West Bengal’s largest festival) | Every occurrence of দুর্গ as a divine title requires human theologian review before approval. |
rock | Rock (divine title) | צוּר / סֶלַע | tsur / sela | শৈল | Medium | Character of God as Refuge | Ps 18:2, 31, 46; 19:14; 28:1; 31:2-3; 42:9; 61:2; 62:2, 6-7; 71:3; 78:35; 89:26; 92:15; 94:22; 95:1; 144:1 | পাষাণ (rejected — colloquial Bengali idiom পাষাণ হৃদয়, “stone-hearted,” carries an unfeeling/hard connotation contrary to the comfort intended) | |
hesed | Steadfast love / mercy / covenant faithfulness | חֶסֶד | chesed | অবিচল দয়া (obichol doya) | Critical | Covenant Faithfulness (Hesed) | Ps 5:7; 6:4; 13:5; 17:7; 21:7; 23:6; 25:6-7, 10; 26:3; 31:7, 16, 21; 32:10; 33:5, 18, 22; 36:5, 7, 10; 40:10-11; 42:8; 44:26; 48:9; 51:1; 52:8; 57:3, 10; 59:10, 16-17; 61:7; 62:12; 63:3; 66:20; 69:13, 16; 77:8; 85:7, 10; 86:5, 13, 15; 89:1-2, 14, 24, 28, 33, 49; 90:14; 92:2; 94:18; 98:3; 100:5; 101:1; 103:4, 8, 11, 17; 106:1, 7, 45; 107:1, 8, 15, 21, 31, 43; 108:4; 109:16, 21, 26; 110 (implicit covenant context); 115:1; 117:2; 118:1-4, 29; 119:41, 64, 76, 88, 124, 149, 159; 130:7; 136:1-26 (26x); 138:2, 8; 143:8, 12; 144:2; 145:8 | দয়া alone (established older-Bible rendering, retained as acceptable in low-doctrinal-weight contexts but flagged — risks reading as generic compassion/pity, semantically overlapping Hindu bhakti karuna or Islamic rahmah, and losing the covenant-bound, relationship-anchored, “loyalty beyond what is owed” dimension essential to this assigned doctrine); ভালোবাসা (rejected — generic/romantic love, no covenant-bond sense) | THE central term for the “Covenant Faithfulness (Hesed)” doctrine unit. অবিচল (“unwavering, unmoved, steadfast”) supplies the missing covenant-permanence sense that plain দয়া lacks. Psalm 136’s 26-fold refrain requires absolute, verbatim consistency in this rendering. |
anointed_one | Anointed One (OT office, pre-NT-title) | מָשִׁיחַ | mashiach | অভিষিক্ত জন (obhishikto jon) | Critical | Messianic Prophecy; Kingship and the Messianic King | Ps 2:2; 18:50; 20:6; 28:8; 45 (implicit, via anointing); 84:9; 89:20, 38, 51; 105:15; 132:10, 17 | খ্রীষ্ট (rejected as the default OT rendering — collapses OT typological anticipation into the NT fulfilled title, flattening the prophecy-then-fulfillment structure this doctrine teaches); মশীহ (rejected per baseline logic — Islamic-idiom overlap, denies the divinity/resurrection this curriculum affirms) | Teaching materials must explicitly connect অভিষিক্ত জন (OT anticipation) to খ্রীষ্ট/যীশু খ্রীষ্ট (NT fulfillment) rather than merging the terms. |
anointing_royal | Anoint (technical, royal/priestly) | מָשַׁח | mashach | অভিষেক করা | High | Kingship and the Messianic King | (verbal root behind মָשִׁיחַ above); 1 Samuel/2 Samuel background cited in Ps 89:20 | দশন-family verbs (rejected as a substitute — see anointing_hospitality below; philologically distinct root) | Must be kept philologically distinct from Psalm 23:5’s hospitality-anointing verb (דָּשֵׁן). |
anointing_hospitality | Anoint (hospitality gesture, non-royal) | דָּשֵׁן | dashen | তেল দিয়ে মাথা সিক্ত করা | High | Character of God as Shepherd/Host (Ps 23:5) | Ps 23:5 | অভিষেক করা (rejected as the primary Ps 23:5 rendering — imports unwarranted royal/messianic weight into a guest-honoring hospitality gesture) | Precision distinction from anointing_royal; flagged for theologian review specifically to prevent conflation. |
king_of_israel | King (divine/messianic) | מֶלֶךְ | melekh | রাজা | High | Kingship and the Messianic King | Ps 2:6; 5:2; 10:16; 24:7-10; 29:10; 44:4; 45:1, 6, 11, 14; 47:2, 6-7; 48:2; 68:24; 72; 74:12; 84:3; 89:18; 93-99 (refrain); 145:1; 149:2 | রাজাধিরাজ (acceptable in composite/superlative contexts, e.g. “King of kings”), but রাজা itself retained as the base term | রাজা is unavoidable as Bengal’s ordinary royal-title vocabulary; the risk lies in surrounding theological framing (God’s kingship is not one god-king/raja-avatar among Hindu cosmology’s many), not in the word itself. Flag doctrine notes accordingly wherever this term recurs, especially Ps 2, 72, 93-99, 110, 145. |
two_lords_ps110 | ”The LORD says to my Lord” (two-referent construction) | יְהוָה … לַאדֹנִי | YHWH … la-adoni | সদাপ্রভু আমার প্রভুকে বলেন | Critical | Kingship and the Messianic King | Ps 110:1 | any rendering collapsing both terms into one identical word | The single most doctrinally load-bearing rendering decision in this glossary; mandatory human theologian review every occurrence and every quotation of this verse in teaching materials. |
priest_melchizedek | Priest (order of Melchizedek) | כֹּהֵן … מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק | kohen … Malki-Tsedeq | যাজক … মল্কীষেদক | Critical | Kingship and the Messianic King | Ps 110:4 | পুরোহিত (rejected — the ordinary Bengali term for a Hindu Brahmin ritual priest, importing a caste-priesthood association) | যাজক is the established Bengali Bible term for biblical priestly office generally. |
soul | Soul / whole self | נֶפֶשׁ | nephesh | প্রাণ | Medium-High | Lament and Honest Prayer; general | Ps 3:2; 6:3; 16:10; 19:7; 22:20, 29; 23:3; 25:1, 20; 31:9; 33:19-20; 34:2; 35:9; 42:1-2, 5-6, 11; 43:5; 62:1, 5; 63:1, 5, 8; 84:2; 86:4, 13; 88:3; 94:19, 21; 103:1-2, 22; 116:4, 7-8; 121:7; 130:5-6; 143:6, 8, 11-12; 146:1 | আত্মা (rejected as a substitute — this would create confusion with পবিত্র আত্মা, the baseline’s fixed term for the Holy Spirit; nephesh is never the divine Spirit) | Translator note required wherever load-bearing: nephesh means “whole living self/life,” not the yogic prāṇa life-force-substance familiar from Hindu physiology; no safer single Bengali word exists, so the note travels with the term rather than replacing it. |
sheol | Sheol (realm of the dead) | שְׁאוֹל | She’ol | পাতাল | High | Lament and Honest Prayer; Messianic Prophecy (resurrection hope) | Ps 6:5; 9:17; 16:10; 18:5; 30:3; 31:17; 49:14-15; 55:15; 86:13; 88:3; 89:48; 116:3; 139:8; 141:7; 143:3 (implicit “pit”) | নরক (rejected — imports a specific hell/punishment concept absent from Sheol’s OT sense as simply the realm of the dead) | Translator note required: পাতাল here does not denote the Hindu Puranic cosmological underworld-tier (home of the Nāgas) but simply “the realm/state of the dead.” Ps 16:10 is Critically load-bearing (quoted in Acts 2:27, 13:35 of Christ’s bodily resurrection). |
transgression | Transgression / rebellion | פֶּשַׁע | pesha | বিদ্রোহ / লঙ্ঘন | High | Confession and Forgiveness (Psalm 51) | Ps 32:1, 5; 39:8; 51:1, 3, 13; 65:3; 103:12; 130:8 | পাপ (rejected as a substitute — reserved for chet/general sin; collapsing all three sin-words into পাপ erases Psalm 51’s confession structure); অধর্ম (rejected per baseline’s ধর্ম-root exclusion logic) | Third leg of the Psalm 51 sin-vocabulary triad; keep distinct from sin (পাপ) and iniquity (অপরাধ). |
iniquity | Iniquity / guilt | עָוֹן | avon | অপরাধ | High | Confession and Forgiveness (Psalm 51) | Ps 25:11; 31:10; 32:1-2, 5; 38:4, 18; 40:12; 51:2, 5, 9; 65:3; 69:27; 79:8; 85:2; 90:8; 103:3, 10; 106:6, 43; 130:3, 8 | পাপ (rejected as a substitute for the same reason as above) | Second leg of the Psalm 51 sin-vocabulary triad. |
forgive | Forgive | סָלַח | salach | ক্ষমা করা | Critical | Confession and Forgiveness (Psalm 51) | Ps 25:11, 18; 32:1, 5; 51 (implicit throughout, esp. cleansing vocabulary); 78:38; 85:2; 86:5; 99:8; 103:3; 130:4 | ক্ষমা alone stripped of the compound verb (rejected as insufficient in formal statements — retain the full verb-phrase ক্ষমা করা) | Consistent with baseline’s justification note that bare ক্ষমা must not be used alone as a stand-in for the forensic ধার্মিক বলে গণ্য হওয়া (justification); here in Psalm 51’s own OT context, ক্ষমা করা (to forgive) is the correct and sufficient term for the specific plea being made. |
clean_heart | Create a clean/pure heart | לֵב טָהוֹר בְּרָא | lev tahor bera | শুদ্ধ হৃদয় সৃষ্টি করা | High | Confession and Forgiveness (Psalm 51) | Ps 51:10 | শুচি হৃদয় (rejected — baseline forbids শুচি for “holy” due to Hindu ritual-purity/shuddhi association; same caution extends here) | সৃষ্টি করা (create) must be retained, not weakened to “make/build,” to preserve the Genesis-creation echo of בָּרָא. |
wash_cleanse | Wash / cleanse (from sin) | כִּבֵּס / טָהֵר | kibbes / taher | ধুয়ে দাও / শুদ্ধ কর | High | Confession and Forgiveness (Psalm 51) | Ps 51:2, 7 | শুচি করা (rejected, same reasoning as clean_heart) | Translator note required: the Hebrew text itself intentionally borrows OT ritual-purification vocabulary (hyssop, washing) as a deliberate moral metaphor; this is a case of explaining the OT’s own use of ritual language figuratively, not of avoiding ritual-purity language altogether. |
meditate | Meditate / ponder | הָגָה | hagah | মনে মনে আবৃত্তি করে / গভীরভাবে চিন্তা করে | Critical | The Righteous and the Wicked (Psalm 1) | Ps 1:2; 19:14; 63:6; 77:12; 119:15, 23, 27, 48, 78, 97, 99, 148; 143:5 | ধ্যান করা (rejected — the fixed technical term for yogic/Buddhist meditative absorption, e.g. a specific limb of Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga; imports an altered-consciousness-technique frame absent from hagah’s verbal, textual rumination sense) | Foundational to Psalm 1’s doctrine; ধ্যান করা must never appear in Psalms curriculum materials for this term. |
wicked | The wicked | רָשָׁע | rasha | দুষ্ট | High | The Righteous and the Wicked (Psalm 1) | Ps 1, 9-12, 17, 26, 28, 32, 34, 36-37, 50, 58, 68, 71, 73, 75, 82, 91-92, 94, 97, 101, 104, 109, 112, 119, 125, 129, 139-141, 145-146 | অধার্মিক (acceptable secondary form, built on baseline’s ধার্মিকতা root, but দুষ্ট retained as the primary established Bengali Bible term for rasha specifically) | |
righteous_adj | Righteous (adjective, person) | צַדִּיק | tsaddiq | ধার্মিক | Critical | The Righteous and the Wicked (Psalm 1) | Ps 1:5-6; 5:12; 7:9; 11:3, 5, 7; 14:5; 32:11; 34:15, 17, 19, 21; 37 (throughout); 55:22; 58:10-11; 68:3; 72:7; 92:12; 94:21; 97:11-12; 111:4-6; 112:4, 6; 118:15, 20; 119:137; 125:3; 129:4; 140:13; 141:5; 146:8 | ধর্মপ্রাণ (rejected — carries a “pious/religious-observant” nuance closer to religious performance than forensic right-standing) | Adjectival extension of baseline’s fixed noun ধার্মিকতা (righteousness); must never shift to ধর্ম-root alternatives per baseline’s Critical prohibition. |
blessed_declarative | Blessed (declarative happiness) | אֶשְׁרֵי | ashrei | ধন্য | Medium | The Righteous and the Wicked (Psalm 1) | Ps 1:1; 2:12; 32:1-2; 33:12; 34:8; 40:4; 41:1; 65:4; 84:4-5, 12; 89:15; 94:12; 106:3; 112:1; 119:1-2; 127:5; 128:1-2; 137:8-9; 144:15; 146:5 | — | Distinguish in teaching from blessed_benediction below; same Bengali word covers both, so context/register notes matter more than lexical choice. |
blessed_benediction | Blessed be (doxological benediction) | בָּרוּךְ | barukh | ধন্য হোন | Low | Praise and Worship | Ps 41:13; 66:20; 68:19, 35; 72:18-19; 89:52; 106:48; 119:12; 124:6; 135:21; 144:1 | — | Doxological “blessed be the LORD” formula, distinct usage-register from ashrei’s declarative “how happy is…” |
worship | Worship / bow down | הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה | hishtachavah | আরাধনা করা | High | Praise and Worship | Ps 5:7; 22:27, 29; 29:2; 45:11; 66:4; 81:9; 86:9; 95:6; 96:9; 97:7; 99:5, 9; 132:7; 138:2 | প্রণাম করা (rejected as primary — evokes the specific Hindu ritual gesture of prostration/foot-touching before a deity or guru in a way readable as devotional deference to one option among many); পূজা করা (rejected — the standard Bengali Hindu word for ritual temple/deity worship) | আরাধনা is already the established Bengali Christian church-usage term (paralleling baseline’s retention of ঈশ্বর despite comparable etymological/cultural overlap); requires a consistent doctrinal-exclusivity framing note wherever used. |
praise_verb | Praise | הָלַל / יָדָה / זָמַר | halal / yadah / zamar | প্রশংসা করা / স্তব করা | Medium | Praise and Worship | Ps 7:17; 9:1-2; 18:49; 22:22-23; 30:4, 12; 33:2; 34:1; 35:18; 42:5, 11; 43:4-5; 44:8; 47:1; 48:1; 50:23; 54:6; 56:4, 10; 57:9; 63:3-5; 66:2, 8; 67:3, 5; 69:30, 34; 71:6, 8, 14, 22; 75:1, 9; 76:1 (implicit); 79:13; 92:1; 96:1-2, 4; 98:1, 4-6; 99:3; 100:4; 102:18, 21; 103:1-2, 20-22; 104:1, 35; 105:1-2; 106:1, 12, 48; 107:1, 8, 15, 21, 31, 32; 108:1, 3-4; 109:30; 111:1, 10; 113:1, 3, 9; 115:17-18; 116:19; 117:1-2; 118:1, 19, 21, 28-29; 119:7, 62, 108, 164, 171, 175; 135:1, 3, 21; 136:1-3, 26; 138:1-2, 4-5; 139:14; 145:1-2, 4-7, 10, 21; 146:1-2, 10; 147:1, 7, 12, 20; 148:1-5, 7, 13-14; 149:1, 3, 6, 9; 150:1-6 | স্তুতি alone as the exclusive default (retained as an acceptable secondary variant, flagged Medium: স্তুতি/স্তব are also the standard genre-terms for Hindu devotional hymns, e.g. Sanskrit stotra literature, requiring the same exclusivity-framing note as আরাধনা) | The single most frequent semantic domain in the whole Psalter; flag entire “Praise and Worship” unit for native-speaker review on tone/register even though individual term-risk is only Medium. |
embodied_praise | Praise with instruments/dance | תֹף וּמָחוֹל / צִלְצְלֵי | tof u-machol / tsiltselei | খঞ্জনি ও নৃত্য / করতাল | Medium-High | Praise and Worship | Ps 149:3; 150:3-5 | — | Notable, deliberate cultural resonance with Bengali Vaishnava bhakti kirtan devotional practice (ecstatic musical praise/dance directed at Krishna); the physical form is genuinely similar and should not be suppressed (the text commands embodied praise), but the object and content of praise (সদাপ্রভু’s historical redemptive acts, not Krishna-bhakti devotion) must be kept doctrinally distinct in teaching framing. |
redeemer | Redeem / Redeemer | גָּאַל / פָּדָה | ga’al / padah | উদ্ধার করা / উদ্ধারকর্তা | High | Covenant Faithfulness (Hesed); Messianic Prophecy | Ps 19:14; 25:22; 26:11; 31:5; 34:22; 44:26; 49:7-9, 15; 69:18; 71:23; 72:14; 74:2; 77:15; 78:35, 42; 103:4; 106:10; 107:2; 111:9; 119:154; 130:8; 136:24 | মুক্তি-family verbs (rejected — baseline’s Critical prohibition on মুক্তি for salvation extends to this closely related redemption-vocabulary, to avoid any Hindu liberation-from-rebirth reading) | Distinct from salvation (পরিত্রাণ, baseline) — ga’al/padah carry the specific legal-family “kinsman buying back a relative from bondage” sense (cf. Ruth), typologically fulfilled in Christ. |
trust | Trust / rely on | בָּטַח | batach | নির্ভর করা | Medium | Character of God as Refuge; Lament | Ps 4:5; 9:10; 13:5; 21:7; 22:4-5, 9; 25:2; 26:1; 28:7; 31:6, 14; 32:10; 33:21; 37:3, 5; 40:3-4; 44:6; 52:8; 55:23; 56:3-4, 11; 62:8, 10; 84:12; 91:2; 112:7; 115:8-11; 118:8-9; 119:42; 125:1; 143:8; 146:3 | বিশ্বাস করা (retained as acceptable in credal-adjacent contexts, but reserve primary baseline বিশ্বাস for NT personal-trust-in-Christ contexts per baseline’s faith entry; use নির্ভর করা as the default for OT batach’s “rely on for safety” sense to avoid over-loading বিশ্বাস with every OT trust-occurrence) | |
faithfulness_emet | Faithfulness / truth | אֱמֶת / אֱמוּנָה | emet / emunah | বিশ্বস্तता / সত্য | Medium-High | Covenant Faithfulness (Hesed) | Ps 25:5, 10; 31:5; 33:4; 36:5; 40:10-11; 43:3; 51:6; 57:3, 10; 61:7; 71:22; 85:10-11; 86:11, 15; 89:1-2, 5, 8, 14, 24, 33, 49; 91:4; 96:13; 98:3; 100:5; 108:4; 111:7-8; 115:1; 117:2; 119:30, 75, 86, 90, 138, 142, 151, 160; 132:11; 138:2; 143:1; 145:13 | বিশ্বাস (rejected as a substitute — emunah/emet name God’s own reliability/faithfulness, not the human act of believing; conflating the two would blur agent and object) | Frequently paired with hesed (Ps 25:10; 40:10-11; 57:3, 10; 61:7; 85:10; 86:15; 89:14; 100:5; 108:4; 115:1; 117:2; 138:2); the pair together forms the doctrinal core of “Covenant Faithfulness.” |
nations_generic | Nations / peoples (generic) | גּוֹיִם / לְאֻמִּים | goyim / le’ummim | জাতিগণ | Medium | Kingship and the Messianic King; Mission | Ps 2:1, 8; 9:5, 15, 17, 19-20; 22:27-28; 33:10, 12; 44:2, 11, 14; 46:6, 10; 47:3, 8-9; 57:9; 59:5, 8; 66:7-8; 67:2, 4; 72:11, 17; 79:1, 6, 10; 80:8; 82:8; 83:4; 96:3, 5, 7, 10, 13; 98:2, 9; 99:1-2; 102:15, 22; 105:13, 44; 106:27, 35, 41, 47; 108:3; 110:6; 111:6; 113:4; 115:2; 117:1; 118:10; 126:2; 135:15; 147:20; 149:7 | পরজাতি as the automatic default (rejected in generic contexts — baseline reserves পরজাতি for an explicit Jew/Gentile contrast, absent in most Psalms occurrences, which simply mean “the nations/peoples of the earth” generally) | Use পরজাতি only where a Jew/Gentile theological contrast is specifically active (e.g., in curriculum cross-reference to Romans); otherwise জাতিগণ. |
idols | Idols | עֲצַבִּים | atsabim | প্রতিমা | High | Praise and Worship (polemic contrast) | Ps 96:5; 97:7; 106:36, 38; 115:4; 135:15 | মূর্তি (acceptable secondary variant, more generic “statue/image”) | প্রতিমা is deliberately, doctrinally confrontational: it is the everyday Bengali word for a Hindu deity-image (e.g., Durga Puja প্রতিমা). The Psalter’s polemic point (idols are lifeless human handiwork) is sharpened, not blunted, by this direct overlap; flag for careful, respectful native-speaker/theologian framing in teaching contexts rather than for avoidance of the term. |
selah | Selah (liturgical marker) | סֶלָה | selah | সিলা (transliterated) | Low | (structural, all doctrines) | 71 occurrences across Ps 3-89, 140, 143 | translating with a guessed English/Bengali equivalent (rejected — meaning is uncertain; preserve as transliteration per baseline’s আমেন/হাল্লিলূয়া convention) | |
hosanna_save_now | Save now! / Hosanna | הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא | hoshi’ah na | রক্ষা কর, আমরা প্রার্থনা করি! / হোশান্না | Critical | Messianic Prophecy | Ps 118:25 | — | Preserve হোশান্না transliterated in NT-connected teaching materials (fixed Gospel form); render literally within Psalm 118’s own OT exposition. |
elyon_most_high | Most High | עֶלְיוֹן | Elyon | পরাৎপর | Medium-High | Character of God as Refuge | Ps 7:17; 9:2; 18:13; 21:7; 46:4; 47:2; 50:14; 57:2; 73:11; 77:10; 78:17, 35, 56; 82:6; 83:18; 87:5; 91:1, 9; 92:1; 97:9; 107:11 | সর্বোচ্চ (acceptable secondary variant, “supreme,” but risks reading as a bare philosophical superlative rather than a personal, relational divine title) | |
almighty_shaddai | Almighty | שַׁדַּי | Shaddai | সর্বশক্তিমান | Medium (established exception) | Character of God as Refuge | Ps 91:1 | plain শক্তি-root titles elsewhere (rejected per baseline’s Shakta-goddess caution) | সর্বশক্তিমান is a creed-level, deeply entrenched Bengali Christian fixed title (Apostles’ Creed usage) and is retained as an established exception to the general শক্তি-root caution; do not extend this exception to any other শক্তি-root construction. |
zion | Zion | צִיּוֹן | Tsiyon | সিয়োন | Medium | Kingship; Praise and Worship | Ps 2:6; 9:11, 14; 48; 50:2; 51:18; 65:1; 69:35; 74:2; 76:2; 78:68; 84 (implicit); 87; 97:8; 99:2; 102:13, 16, 21; 110:2; 125:1; 126:1; 128:5; 129:5; 132:13; 133:3; 134:3; 135:21; 137:1, 3; 146:10; 147:12; 149:2 | — | Proper name; theological weight lies in its association with God’s chosen dwelling/covenant presence, not in translation choice. |
Section 3 — Psalms-Specific Nuance Notes on Existing Baseline Terms
| Baseline Term | Bengali | Nuance Introduced by Psalms |
|---|---|---|
| ব্যবস্থা (law/Torah) | ব্যবস্থা | In Psalms (esp. Ps 1, 19, 119), תּוֹרָה frequently carries a broader “joyful instruction/teaching to be delighted in and meditated on” sense, wider than the narrower Romans-context “legal code contrasted with grace” sense. Do not let Romans’ law/grace polemic bleed into every Psalms occurrence of ব্যবস্থা. |
| পাপ (sin) | পাপ | Confirmed as the fixed rendering for חֵטְא/chattaʼah only; Psalm 51’s confession structure requires two additional, distinct Bengali terms (iniquity অপরাধ, transgression বিদ্রোহ/লঙ্ঘন) for עָוֹן and פֶּשַׁע respectively — see Section 2. |
| পবিত্র আত্মা (Holy Spirit) | পবিত্র আত্মা | Confirmed at Ps 51:11 (רוּחַ קָדְשְׁךָ) — one of the OT’s few explicit “Holy Spirit” phrases; reinforces rather than modifies the baseline Critical entry. |
| ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা (providence) | ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা | Reinforced extensively across Ps 90, 104, 139 (esp. “you knit me together in my mother’s womb,” Ps 139:13) as intimate, personal formation-providence, not impersonal biological chance or karmic determination. |
| সামর্থ্য (power of God) | সামর্থ্য | Reused (never শক্তি) for all Psalms “power/strength of God” contexts (e.g., Ps 18:1-2’s “horn of my salvation,” Ps 29’s storm-theophany, Ps 62’s “power belongs to God”), consistent with baseline’s Shakta-goddess caution — with the single established exception of সর্বশক্তিমান/Almighty (Section 2). |
| ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য (Kingdom of God) | ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য | Confirmed and reinforced at Ps 22:28, 103:19, 145:11-13 as God’s present, sovereign, universal reign — directly continuous with the new kingship/king_of_israel term cluster (Section 2) governing the Davidic-messianic office through which that reign is administered in Psalms 2, 72, 110. |
Section 4 — Risk Summary for Psalms Extension
| Risk Tier | New Terms Added | Cumulative with Baseline |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 11 (yhwh_lord, shepherd, fortress, hesed, anointed_one, two_lords_ps110, priest_melchizedek, forgive, meditate, righteous_adj, hosanna_save_now) | Requires mandatory human theologian review for every occurrence, per baseline’s review-routing convention |
| High | 15 (refuge, anointing_royal, anointing_hospitality, king_of_israel, soul, sheol, transgression, iniquity, clean_heart, wash_cleanse, wicked, worship, redeemer, idols, praise_verb* borderline) | Requires human theologian review |
| Medium | 9 (rock, blessed_declarative, praise_verb, trust, faithfulness_emet, nations_generic, zion, elyon_most_high, almighty_shaddai, embodied_praise*) | Requires native speaker review |
| Low | 3 (selah, blessed_benediction, generic pastoral/agrarian imagery from Ps 23) | Automated review sufficient |
Total new Psalms-specific glossary entries proposed for adoption into the Language Package: 38.
This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 Psalms segment translation. All Section 1 terms are non-negotiable exact reuses. All Section 2 terms are proposed additions pending the same theologian/native-speaker review routing the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json prescribes for their assigned risk tier.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ধার্মিকতা
Transliteration: dharmikota
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, পুণ্য, ন্যায়
Original: צֶדֶק / צְדָקָה
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ধর্ম. Foundational to Psalms’ Righteous and the Wicked doctrine (Psalm 1, 15, 24, 119). The adjectival form ধার্মিক (see righteous_adj) extends this same root prohibition.
Justification
Approved rendering: ধার্মিক বলে গণ্য হওয়া
Transliteration: dharmik bole gonyo howa
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ক্ষমা পাওয়া, পুণ্য লাভ করা
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Psalms only as a teaching bridge: Psalm 32:1-2’s forgiveness plea must not be conflated with this forensic phrase — Psalm 32 uses the simpler ক্ষমা করা (see forgive).
Salvation
Approved rendering: পরিত্রাণ
Transliteration: poritran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত
Original: יְשׁוּעָה / תְּשׁוּעָה
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER মুক্তি or মোক্ষ. Occurs throughout the Psalter (Ps 3, 18, 20-21, 24, 62, 68-69, 91, 95, 98, 118-119, 149).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: পুনরুত্থান
Transliteration: punorutthan
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম, পুনর্জীবন
Original: לֹא־תַעֲזֹב נַפְשִׁי לִשְׁאוֹל / לֹא־תִתֵּן חֲסִידֶךָ לִרְאוֹת שָׁחַת
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER পুনর্জন্ম. Psalm 16:10 (‘you will not abandon my soul to Sheol’) is Peter’s Pentecost prooftext (Acts 2:27; 13:35) for Christ’s bodily resurrection — the single most load-bearing Psalms occurrence.
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Original: אֲדֹנָי / κύριος
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (Adonai/kyrios, a title of address). In Psalms must be kept visually and doctrinally distinct from the new yhwh_lord entry (সদাপ্রভু); Psalm 110:1’s two-referent construction depends entirely on this distinction.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পুত্র / তুমি আমার পুত্র
Transliteration: Ishshorer Putro / tumi amar putro
Doctrine: Sonship of the Messianic King
Rejected alternatives: দেবপুত্র, ঈশ্বরের অংশ
Original: בְּנִי אַתָּה / כִּסְאֲךָ אֱלֹהִים
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Psalms extension: the bare OT coronation-formula sense (Ps 2:7 ‘You are my Son’; Ps 45:6 ‘your throne, O God’) should be rendered literally তুমি আমার পুত্র with a mandatory translator note distinguishing the OT royal-adoption idiom from the NT’s unique, eternal, ontological Sonship — acutely important for Muslim-background readers.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: দেহধারণ
Transliteration: dehodharon
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: অবতার, দেহ প্রকাশ
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER অবতার. Cross-referenced in Psalms only via the Davidic-descent/Messianic-Prophecy doctrine bridge to the NT incarnation; no direct OT Psalms occurrence requires this term itself.
Messiah
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Messianic Prophecy in the Psalms
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved exclusively for the NT title on the fulfilled person of Jesus; NEVER used for OT מָשִׁיחַ occurrences within Psalms — see the new anointed_one entry, which governs all OT Psalms occurrences (Ps 2:2; 18:50; 20:6; 28:8; 89:20,38,51; 105:15; 132:10,17).
Jesus
Approved rendering: যীশু
Transliteration: Jishu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঈসা
Inherited from Romans package. No direct Psalms occurrence; retained for NT-fulfillment cross-reference in Messianic Prophecy teaching.
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Character of God
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: אֱלֹהִים
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্র আত্মা
Transliteration: Pobitro Attha
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness (Psalm 51)
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্ম, পরমাত্মা
Original: רוּחַ קָדְשְׁךָ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Confirmed at Psalm 51:11 (‘do not take your Holy Spirit from me’) — one of the OT’s few explicit Holy Spirit phrases. Must not be confused with the psalmist’s own human spirit (see new commit_my_spirit entry).
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Character of God
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকর্তা
Original: אָב
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reused in simile at Psalm 103:13 (‘as a father shows compassion to his children’).
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: আরোপিত ধার্মিকতা
Transliteration: aropito dharmikota
Doctrine: The Righteous and the Wicked (Psalm 1)
Rejected alternatives: অর্জিত ধার্মিকতা
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Psalm 15’s ‘blameless’ (tamim) requirement, which teaching material must frame as ultimately received, not self-produced, righteousness — see new blameless entry.
Yhwh Lord
Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভু
Transliteration: Sadaprabhu
Doctrine: The Divine Covenant Name (YHWH)
Rejected alternatives: প্রভু alone (loses covenant-name distinctiveness), ঈশ্বর alone (loses personal-name specificity)
Original: יְהוָה
Category: God
NEW term for Psalms; the Tetragrammaton, occurring over 600 times in the Psalter. Established Bengali Bible convention, distinct from generic প্রভু (Adonai/kyrios). Must never be merged with প্রভু; Psalm 110:1 depends entirely on this distinction (‘সদাপ্রভু আমার প্রভুকে বলেন’).
Shepherd
Approved rendering: মেষপালক
Transliteration: meshpalak
Doctrine: Character of God as Shepherd
Rejected alternatives: রাখাল
Original: רָעָה / רֹעֶה
Category: Pastoral Imagery
NEW Critical term. NEVER রাখাল — inseparably associated in Bengali Vaishnava bhakti culture with Krishna as the divine cowherd boy of Vrindavan (রাখাল রাজা). মেষপালক (sheep-specific) is already established in Bengali NT translation of John 10:11 and is the fixed Psalm 23:1 rendering.
Fortress
Approved rendering: দৃঢ় আশ্রয়স্থল (default) / দুর্গ (flagged exception only)
Transliteration: dridho ashroyosthol
Doctrine: Character of God as Refuge
Rejected alternatives: দুর্গ as unqualified default
Original: מְצוּדָה / מִשְׂגָּב
Category: God as Refuge
NEW Critical term. দুর্গ, the ordinary Bengali word for ‘fortress,’ is near-homophonous with দুর্গা (Durga), preeminent goddess of Bengali Shakta Hinduism and namesake of West Bengal’s largest festival. Default to দৃঢ় আশ্রয়স্থল; every occurrence of দুর্গ as a divine title (Ps 18:2, 31:3, 71:3, 91:2, 144:2) requires mandatory human theologian review.
Meditate
Approved rendering: মনে মনে আবৃত্তি করে / গভীরভাবে চিন্তা করে
Transliteration: mone mone abritti kore / govirbhabe chinta kore
Doctrine: The Righteous and the Wicked (Psalm 1)
Rejected alternatives: ধ্যান করা
Original: הָגָה
Category: Wisdom
NEW Critical term for hagah. NEVER ধ্যান করা — the fixed technical term for yogic/Buddhist meditative absorption (a limb of Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga), an altered-consciousness discipline entirely different from hagah’s verbal, textual rumination (Ps 1:2; 19:14; 63:6; 77:12; 119; 143:5).
Righteous Adj
Approved rendering: ধার্মিক
Transliteration: dharmik
Doctrine: The Righteous and the Wicked (Psalm 1)
Rejected alternatives: ধর্মপ্রাণ
Original: צַדִּיק
Category: Salvation
NEW adjectival extension of the baseline’s fixed noun ধার্মিকতা. NEVER ধর্মপ্রাণ (carries a ‘pious/religious-observant’ nuance closer to performed religious duty) and never any ধর্ম-root alternative.
Hosanna Save Now
Approved rendering: রক্ষা কর, আমরা প্রার্থনা করি! / হোশান্না
Transliteration: hoshi’ah na / Hosanna
Doctrine: Messianic Prophecy in the Psalms
Original: הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא
Category: Christology
NEW Critical term for hoshi’ah na (Ps 118:25). Dual strategy: preserve হোশান্না transliterated in NT-connected teaching materials (fixed Gospel form, Matthew 21:9); render the underlying Hebrew phrase literally within Psalm 118’s own OT exposition.
Two Lords Ps110
Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভু আমার প্রভুকে বলেন
Transliteration: Sadaprabhu amar provuke bolen
Doctrine: Kingship and the Messianic King (Psalms 2 and 110)
Rejected alternatives: any rendering collapsing both terms into one identical word
Original: נְאֻם יְהוָה לַאדֹנִי
Category: Christology
NEW term — the single most doctrinally load-bearing rendering decision in this Language Package extension. Ps 110:1’s ‘The LORD says to my Lord’ contains two distinct Hebrew terms (YHWH and adoni); must preserve this two-referent distinction. Collapsing both into one word, or reversing which referent gets সদাপ্রভু, destroys the very argument Christ himself makes from this text (Matthew 22:41-45) for his own deity and superiority to David. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence and citation.
Priest Melchizedek
Approved rendering: যাজক (মল্কীষেদকের রীতি অনুসারে)
Transliteration: jajok (Malkishedeker riti onujayi)
Doctrine: Priesthood and Melchizedek Typology
Rejected alternatives: পুরোহিত
Original: כֹּהֵן … מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק
Category: Christology
NEW term for kohen…Malki-Tsedeq (Ps 110:4). NEVER পুরোহিত, the ordinary Bengali term for a Hindu Brahmin ritual priest, which would import a caste-priesthood association entirely absent from the biblical concept and obscure this text’s foundational role in Hebrews 5-7’s Christology.
Anointed One
Approved rendering: অভিষিক্ত জন
Transliteration: obhishikto jon
Doctrine: Messianic Prophecy in the Psalms
Rejected alternatives: খ্রীষ্ট (as default OT rendering), মশীহ
Original: מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
NEW Critical term for mashiach in its OT-office sense. Do NOT render OT occurrences (Ps 2:2; 18:50; 20:6; 28:8; 89:20,38,51; 105:15; 132:10,17) as খ্রীষ্ট, reserved for the NT title on the fulfilled person of Jesus; also reject মশীহ per baseline logic. Connect explicitly in teaching notes to যীশু খ্রীষ্ট.
Forgive
Approved rendering: ক্ষমা করা
Transliteration: kshoma kora
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness (Psalm 51)
Rejected alternatives: bare ক্ষমা alone in formal doctrinal statements
Original: סָלַח
Category: Salvation
NEW term for salach. Render the full verb-phrase ক্ষমা করা, not bare ক্ষমা alone, consistent with the baseline’s caution that bare ক্ষমা must not stand in for the forensic ধার্মিক বলে গণ্য হওয়া (justification) in Romans contexts. In Psalms’ own OT setting, ক্ষমা করা is correct and sufficient (Ps 25:11,18; 32:1,5; 51; 78:38; 85:2; 86:5; 99:8; 103:3; 130:4).
Hesed
Approved rendering: অবিচল দয়া
Transliteration: obichol doya
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness (Hesed)
Rejected alternatives: দয়া alone, ভালোবাসা
Original: חֶסֶד
Category: Covenant
NEW Critical entry, absent from the Romans baseline entirely. Never plain দয়া alone in doctrinally load-bearing contexts — দয়া risks reading as generic compassion/pity, overlapping Hindu bhakti karuna or Islamic rahmah, losing hesed’s covenant-bound, relationship-anchored dimension. অবিচল (‘unwavering, unmoved’) supplies the missing covenant-permanence sense. Occurs over 120 times, including Psalm 136’s 26-fold refrain, which requires absolute, verbatim consistency.
Commit My Spirit
Approved rendering: আত্মা
Transliteration: attha
Doctrine: Messianic Prophecy in the Psalms
Original: רוּחִי
Category: God
NEW term for ruchi/ruach (Ps 31:5, ‘into your hand I commit my spirit’), the psalmist’s own life-breath entrusted to God, quoted by Christ from the cross (Luke 23:46). Render আত্মা but flag context carefully: this is the human psalmist’s own spirit/breath, not the divine পবিত্র আত্মা (Holy Spirit) — confusing the two referents in this Critical, NT-quoted passion text risks a serious Christological muddle.
Messianic Forsaken Cry
Approved rendering: আমার ঈশ্বর, আমার ঈশ্বর, তুমি কেন আমাকে পরিত্যাগ করলে?
Transliteration: Eli Eli lamah azavtani
Doctrine: Messianic Prophecy in the Psalms
Rejected alternatives: softening ‘forsaken/পরিত্যাগ’ into ‘distant from’
Original: אֵלִי אֵלִי לָמָה עֲזַבְתָּנִי
Category: Christology
NEW term for Ps 22:1, quoted verbatim by Christ on the cross (Matthew 27:46; Mark 15:34). Must be rendered identically wherever quoted across Gospel-harmonization teaching materials; the forensic and relational weight of covenant abandonment is the doctrinal point.
Pierced Hands Feet
Approved rendering: তারা আমার হাত ও পা বিদ্ধ করেছে
Transliteration: ka’aru yadai ve-raglai
Doctrine: Messianic Prophecy in the Psalms
Original: כָּארוּ (traditionally read “pierced”) יָדַי וְרַגְלַי
Category: Christology
NEW term for the disputed Masoretic reading in Psalm 22:16, traditionally ‘they have pierced my hands and feet.’ Handle as an exegetical/footnote issue: flag every occurrence for mandatory human theologian review with a note on the textual variant.
Stone Rejected
Approved rendering: যে পাথর গাঁথকরা অগ্রাহ্য করেছিল, তা হয়ে উঠল কোণের প্রধান পাথর
Transliteration: even ma’asu ha-bonim hayetah le-rosh pinnah
Doctrine: Messianic Prophecy in the Psalms
Original: אֶבֶן מָאֲסוּ הַבּוֹנִים הָיְתָה לְרֹאשׁ פִּנָּה
Category: Christology
NEW term for Ps 118:22, applied by Christ and the apostles to his own rejection and resurrection-vindication (Matthew 21:42; Acts 4:11; 1 Peter 2:7). Flag for mandatory theologian review; preserve the rejection-then-exaltation structure without softening.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: সুসমাচার
Transliteration: susomachar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: খুশ খবর, ইঞ্জিল
Inherited from Romans package. Established Bengali Christian term for the apostolic proclamation of Christ crucified and risen; ইঞ্জিল rejected as the Qur’anic-idiom term for a presumed lost scripture. Relevant to Psalms’ Messianic Prophecy doctrine as the NT proclamation toward which OT anticipation (see anointed_one) points.
Grace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: anugroho
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য
Inherited from Romans package. In Psalms, must remain distinguished from the new hesed entry (অবিচল দয়া): grace/chanan (Psalm 51:1) is God’s gracious favor shown; hesed/chesed is God’s covenant-bound steadfast loyalty. Related but not interchangeable.
Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাস
Transliteration: bishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ঈমান, শ্রদ্ধা
Original: אֱמוּנָה
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Reserve for credal-adjacent senses in Psalms; use the new trust entry (নির্ভর করা) for OT batach’s ‘rely on for safety’ sense, and faithfulness_emet (বিশ্বস্তता/সত্য) for God’s own reliability, to avoid over-loading বিশ্বাস with every OT occurrence.
Holy
Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Original: קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Reused at Psalm 99, 145; never শুচি (ritual-purity connotation), consistent with the Ps 51 wash_cleanse/clean_heart cautions.
Law
Approved rendering: ব্যবস্থা
Transliteration: bebostha
Doctrine: Delight in God’s Instruction (Torah)
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, শরিয়ত, নিয়ম
Original: תּוֹרָה
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Psalms-specific nuance: torah in Psalms (esp. Ps 1, 19, 119) frequently carries a broader ‘joyful instruction to delight in and meditate on’ sense, wider than Romans’ narrower law-versus-grace polemic sense; do not let that polemic bleed into every Psalms occurrence.
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Sinfulness
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Original: חֵטְא / חַטָּאָה
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Fixed as the rendering for חֵטְא/chet only (Ps 1,25,32,38-39,51,103); do not extend to פֶּשַׁע (rebellion) or עָוֹן (guilt) — see new transgression and iniquity entries.
Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: Character of God
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Original: כָּבוֹד
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Ps 8, 19, 24, 29, 57, 63, 72, 96, 104, 108, 145-150.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: shamorthyo
Doctrine: Character of God
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি
Original: עֹז / דֶּרֶךְ גְּבוּרָה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER শক্তি. Bengal’s Shakta Hindu heartland gives শক্তি a strong goddess-power association; the sole established exception is সর্বশক্তিমান (Almighty, see almighty_shaddai), a fixed creed-level title, not a general substitute.
Covenant
Approved rendering: নিয়ম
Transliteration: niyom
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness (Hesed)
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি, অঙ্গীকার
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Ps 25, 50, 74, 78, 89, 103, 105-106, 111, 132; central to the Covenant Faithfulness (Hesed) doctrine.
Election
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের মনোনয়ন
Transliteration: Ishshorer monownoyon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি, কর্মফল
Original: בָּחַר
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Ps 105:6,43; 78:70; 89:3.
Providence
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পরিচালনা
Transliteration: Ishshorer porichalona
Doctrine: Providence and Sovereign Care
Rejected alternatives: ভাগ্য, নিয়তি
Original: (cf. Psalm 139:13 יָצַר/רָקַם; Psalm 104; Psalm 90)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reinforced at Ps 90, 104, 139 (esp. 139:13’s ‘you knit me together in my mother’s womb’) as intimate, personal formation-providence, never impersonal biological chance or karmic determination.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদের বংশ
Transliteration: Dayuder bongsho
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Psalm 89 and Psalm 132’s Davidic covenant oath, and to Psalm 2/110’s messianic-kingship doctrine.
Adoption
Approved rendering: দত্তকপুত্রতা
Transliteration: dattaka-putrota
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness (Hesed)
Rejected alternatives: দত্তক নেওয়া
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Psalm 16:5’s ‘portion’ (see new portion entry) anticipating this doctrine, and Psalm 103:13’s father-simile.
Refuge
Approved rendering: আশ্রয়
Transliteration: ashroy
Doctrine: Character of God as Refuge
Rejected alternatives: শরণ
Original: מַחְסֶה / חָסָה
Category: God as Refuge
NEW term. Avoid শরণ as the primary rendering — too directly parallel to Sanskrit/bhakti śaraṇa surrender-devotion vocabulary. আশ্রয় requires a standing note distinguishing unilateral covenant protection (grounded in hesed) from meritorious devotional surrender (śaraṇāgati).
Soul
Approved rendering: প্রাণ
Transliteration: pran
Doctrine: Lament and Honest Prayer
Rejected alternatives: আত্মা
Original: נֶפֶשׁ
Category: Anthropology
NEW term for nephesh. আত্মা rejected as a substitute — would create confusion with পবিত্র আত্মা (Holy Spirit). প্রাণ carries Vedantic/yogic prāṇa overtones; no safer single Bengali word exists, so a translator note travels with the term wherever load-bearing (Ps 23:3, 42, 62-63, 84, 103, 130, 146).
Sheol
Approved rendering: পাতাল
Transliteration: Pataal
Doctrine: Hope Beyond Death / Sheol
Rejected alternatives: নরক, যমালয়
Original: שְׁאוֹל
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. NEVER নরক (imports a punitive hell-concept) or যমালয় (Yama’s abode, importing a Hindu death-deity). পাতাল is the closest available term but is also a specific tier of Hindu Puranic cosmology (Nāga realm); mandatory translator note strips this cosmological/reincarnation association. Psalm 16:10 is Critically load-bearing (Acts 2:27, 13:35).
Wicked
Approved rendering: দুষ্ট
Transliteration: dushto
Doctrine: The Righteous and the Wicked (Psalm 1)
Rejected alternatives: অধার্মিক (acceptable secondary)
Original: רָשָׁע
Category: Sin
NEW term establishing the fixed rendering for rasha across the whole book (Ps 1,9-12,17,26,28,32,34,36-37,50,58,68,71,73,75,82,91-92,94,97,101,104,109,112,119,125,129,139-141,145-146).
Worship
Approved rendering: আরাধনা করা
Transliteration: aradhona kora
Doctrine: Praise and Worship
Rejected alternatives: প্রণাম করা, পূজা করা
Original: הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה
Category: Worship
NEW term for hishtachavah (bowing/prostration). NEVER প্রণাম করা (the specific Hindu ritual gesture of prostration/foot-touching before a deity or guru) or পূজা করা (the standard Bengali Hindu word for ritual temple/deity worship). আরাধনা is the established Bengali Christian church-usage term, requiring a consistent doctrinal-exclusivity framing note wherever used.
Embodied Praise
Approved rendering: খঞ্জনি ও নৃত্য / করতাল
Transliteration: khonjoni o nritto / korotal
Doctrine: Praise and Worship
Rejected alternatives: কীর্তন
Original: תֹף וּמָחוֹל / צִלְצְלֵי־שָׁמַע
Category: Worship
NEW term for tof u-machol/tsiltselei (tambourine, dance, cymbals, Ps 149:3; 150:3-5). Deliberate cultural resonance with Bengali Vaishnava bhakti kirtan (ecstatic musical praise/dance directed at Krishna); avoid কীর্তন as a label even though the physical form resembles it. Object and content of praise (সদাপ্রভুর historical redemptive acts) must stay doctrinally distinct from kirtan’s devotional theology.
Idols
Approved rendering: প্রতিমা
Transliteration: protima
Doctrine: Idolatry Polemic
Rejected alternatives: মূর্তি (acceptable secondary)
Original: עֲצַבִּים
Category: Worship
NEW term for atsabim. প্রতিমা is deliberately, doctrinally confrontational: it is the everyday Bengali word for a Hindu deity-image (e.g., Durga Puja প্রতিমা). The Psalter’s polemic (idols are lifeless human handiwork) is sharpened, not blunted, by this overlap; requires respectful native-speaker/theologian framing rather than avoidance (Ps 96:5; 97:7; 106:36,38; 115:4; 135:15).
Elyon Most High
Approved rendering: পরাৎপর
Transliteration: Poratpor
Doctrine: Character of God as Refuge
Rejected alternatives: সর্বোচ্চ (acceptable secondary)
Original: עֶלְיוֹן
Category: God
NEW term for Elyon. Must retain personal, relational force (the Most High who shelters the one who dwells with him, Ps 91:1) rather than collapsing into a bare philosophical abstraction like সর্বোচ্চ.
King Of Israel
Approved rendering: রাজা
Transliteration: raja
Doctrine: Character of God as King
Rejected alternatives: রাজাধিরাজ (acceptable composite/superlative)
Original: מֶלֶךְ
Category: Kingdom
NEW term for melekh. রাজা is unavoidable ordinary Bengali royal-title vocabulary, used equally of Hindu mythic god-kings (e.g., Rama as raja of Ayodhya); the risk lies in surrounding doctrinal framing, not the word itself — every recurrence (Ps 2,5,10,24,29,44-45,47-48,68,72,74,84,89,93-99,145,149) requires a framing note that this King is not one raja-avatar among many but the singular covenant King.
Anointing Royal
Approved rendering: অভিষেক করা
Transliteration: obhishek kora
Doctrine: Kingship and the Messianic King
Original: מָשַׁח
Category: Christology
NEW term for the technical verb mashach (royal/priestly anointing with oil, Ps 89:20). Must be kept philologically distinct from the unrelated hospitality-anointing verb of Psalm 23:5 (see anointing_hospitality).
Anointing Hospitality
Approved rendering: তেল দিয়ে মাথা সিক্ত করা
Transliteration: tel diye matha sikto kora
Doctrine: Character of God as Shepherd (Psalm 23:5)
Rejected alternatives: অভিষেক করা (rejected as primary Ps 23:5 rendering)
Original: דָּשֵׁן
Category: Pastoral Imagery
NEW term for dashen (Ps 23:5, ‘you anoint my head with oil’), a host’s gesture of lavish honor and refreshment for a guest, philologically distinct from the technical royal/priestly anointing verb. Using অভিষেক করা here would import unwarranted royal-messianic weight into a hospitality image.
Transgression
Approved rendering: বিদ্রোহ / লঙ্ঘন
Transliteration: bidroho / longhon
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness (Psalm 51)
Rejected alternatives: পাপ (reserved for chet), অধর্ম
Original: פֶּשַׁע
Category: Sin
NEW term for pesha (willful rebellion/breach of covenant, the strongest of the three OT sin-words). Third leg of the Psalm 51 confession triad alongside পাপ (chet) and অপরাধ (avon) — Ps 32:1,5; 39:8; 51:1,3,13; 65:3; 103:12; 130:8.
Iniquity
Approved rendering: অপরাধ
Transliteration: oporadh
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness (Psalm 51)
Rejected alternatives: পাপ (reserved for chet)
Original: עָוֹן
Category: Sin
NEW term for avon (twisted guilt/liability accrued from wrongdoing, distinct from the act itself). Second leg of the Psalm 51 confession triad — Ps 25:11; 31:10; 32:1-2,5; 38:4,18; 40:12; 51:2,5,9; 65:3; 69:27; 79:8; 85:2; 90:8; 103:3,10; 106:6,43; 130:3,8.
Clean Heart
Approved rendering: শুদ্ধ হৃদয় সৃষ্টি করা
Transliteration: shuddho hridoy srishti kora
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness (Psalm 51)
Rejected alternatives: শুচি হৃদয়
Original: לֵב טָהוֹר בְּרָא
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for lev tahor bera (Ps 51:10), deliberately using bara, the same verb for God’s original creation of the cosmos (Genesis 1:1). সৃষ্টি করা (create) must be retained, not weakened to ‘make/build.’ NEVER শুচি হৃদয়.
Wash Cleanse
Approved rendering: ধুয়ে দাও / শুদ্ধ কর
Transliteration: dhuye dao / shuddho kor
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness (Psalm 51)
Rejected alternatives: শুচি করা
Original: כִּבֵּס / טָהֵר
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for kibbes/taher (Ps 51:2,7). The Hebrew text itself intentionally borrows OT ritual-purification vocabulary (hyssop, washing) as a deliberate moral metaphor; a translator note explains this figurative use rather than avoiding ritual language altogether. NEVER শুচি করা.
Redeemer
Approved rendering: উদ্ধার করা / উদ্ধারকর্তা
Transliteration: uddhar kora / uddharkorta
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness (Hesed)
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি-family verbs
Original: גָּאַל / פָּדָה
Category: Salvation
NEW term for ga’al/padah (the specific legal-family kinsman-redeemer concept, cf. Ruth). NEVER a মুক্তি-family verb — the baseline’s Critical prohibition on মুক্তি for salvation extends to this closely related redemption vocabulary (Ps 19:14; 49:7-9,15; 69:18; 103:4; 107:2; 130:8; 136:24).
Faithfulness Emet
Approved rendering: বিশ্বস্তता / সত্য
Transliteration: bishwostota / shotyo
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness (Hesed)
Rejected alternatives: বিশ্বাস
Original: אֱמֶת / אֱמוּנָה
Category: Covenant
NEW term for emet/emunah — God’s own reliability and covenant faithfulness, frequently paired with hesed. NEVER বিশ্বাস, which names the human act of believing, not God’s own reliability; conflating agent and object would blur the doctrine (Ps 25,36,40,57,61,85,89,100,108,111,115,117,138,145).
Blameless
Approved rendering: নিষ্কলঙ্ক / সিদ্ধ
Transliteration: nishkolonko / siddho
Doctrine: The Righteous and the Wicked (Psalm 1)
Original: תָּמִים
Category: Sanctification
NEW term for tamim (Ps 15:2; 19:7; 101:2,6; 119:1), integrity of life required for covenant fellowship, not sinless perfection. Render carefully to avoid implying self-achieved sinless perfection; link in teaching to the baseline’s imputed_righteousness doctrine, since ultimate blamelessness before God is received, not self-produced.
Divide Garments Cast Lots
Approved rendering: পোশাক ভাগ করে… গুটিকাপাত করে
Transliteration: yechalequ begadai…yapilu goral
Doctrine: Messianic Prophecy in the Psalms
Original: יְחַלְּקוּ בְגָדַי … יַפִּילוּ גּוֹרָל
Category: Christology
NEW term for Ps 22:18, quoted at the crucifixion (Matthew 27:35; John 19:24). Flag for theologian review as a direct messianic-fulfillment citation; render concretely without abstraction.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: শান্তি
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: সুখ, স্বস্তি
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Ps 29:11, 34:14, 37:11, 85:10, 122:6-8.
Church
Approved rendering: মণ্ডলী
Transliteration: mondoli
Doctrine: Corporate Worship Assembly
Rejected alternatives: মন্দির, গির্জা
Original: קָהָל
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans package. Reused for the OT qahal (assembly), since both qahal and ekklēsia denote God’s assembled covenant people (Ps 22:22,25; 35:18; 68:26; 89:5; 107:32; 111:1; 149:1). Never মন্দির.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer Rajyo
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বরের দেশ
Original: מַלְכוּתוֹ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Confirmed at Ps 22:28, 103:19, 145:11-13 as God’s present, sovereign reign, directly continuous with the new king_of_israel term cluster governing the Davidic-messianic office (Ps 2, 72, 110).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: পরজাতি
Transliteration: porojati
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: বিদেশী
Original: גּוֹיִם (in explicit Jew/Gentile contrast contexts)
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Reserve for Psalms occurrences where an explicit Jew/Gentile theological contrast is active; most generic ‘nations’ occurrences use the new nations_generic entry (জাতিগণ) instead.
Intercession
Approved rendering: প্রার্থনা / মধ্যস্থতা
Transliteration: prarthona / moddhosthota
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: সুপারিশ
Original: תְּפִלָּה / שִׂיחַ
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In Psalms, distinguish direct personal prayer to God from Hindu puja ritual worship and from folk shrine-based pir/saint intercession practice common in Bengal.
Mission
Approved rendering: সুসমাচার প্রচার
Transliteration: susomachar prochar
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission to the Nations
Original: וְיֵרְדְּ מִיָּם עַד־יָם / וְיִתְבָּרְכוּ בוֹ כֹּל־גּוֹיִם
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Psalm 72:8-17’s universal messianic-kingdom expansion; culturally sensitive in both Bangladesh and West Bengal.
David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদ
Transliteration: Dayud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout (73 psalm superscriptions).
Israel
Approved rendering: ইস্রায়েল
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package.
Abba
Approved rendering: আব্বা
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Character of God
Inherited from Romans package. No direct Psalms occurrence; retained for cross-reference in Character of God as Father teaching material.
Rock
Approved rendering: শৈল
Transliteration: shoilo
Doctrine: Character of God as Refuge
Rejected alternatives: পাষাণ
Original: צוּר / סֶלַע
Category: God as Refuge
NEW term. Avoid পাষাণ, which idiomatically connotes ‘hard-hearted/unfeeling’ (পাষাণ হৃদয়) and would undercut the comfort intended.
Blessed Declarative
Approved rendering: ধন্য
Transliteration: dhonyo
Doctrine: The Righteous and the Wicked (Psalm 1)
Original: אֶשְׁרֵי
Category: Wisdom
NEW term for ashrei (‘how happy/blessed is…’), a declarative exclamation distinct from the doxological barukh (see blessed_benediction). Same Bengali word covers both; distinguish by context/register in teaching, not by lexical substitution.
Praise Verb
Approved rendering: প্রশংসা করা / স্তব করা
Transliteration: proshongsha kora / stobo kora
Doctrine: Praise and Worship
Rejected alternatives: স্তুতি alone as the exclusive default
Original: הָלַל / יָדָה / זָמַר
Category: Worship
NEW term for halal/yadah/zamar, the single most frequent semantic domain in the Psalter. স্তুতি/স্তব are also the standard genre-terms for Hindu devotional hymns (Sanskrit stotra literature); flag the entire Praise and Worship unit for native-speaker tone review regardless of individual term-risk.
Almighty Shaddai
Approved rendering: সর্বশক্তিমান
Transliteration: sarboshaktiman
Doctrine: Character of God as Refuge
Rejected alternatives: plain শক্তি-root titles elsewhere
Original: שַׁדַּי
Category: God
NEW term, established exception to the general শক্তি-root caution. সর্বশক্তিমান is a deeply entrenched, creed-level Bengali Christian fixed title (Apostles’ Creed: ‘ঈশ্বর পিতা সর্বশক্তিমান’); do not extend this exception to any other শক্তি-root construction (Ps 91:1).
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: সদাপ্রভুর প্রতি সম্ভ্রমপূর্ণ ভয়
Transliteration: sadaprabhur proti sombhrompurno bhoy
Doctrine: Fear of the LORD / Reverent Awe
Rejected alternatives: plain ভয় (terror)
Original: יִרְאַת יְהוָה
Category: God
NEW term for yir’at YHWH. Must convey reverent, worshipful awe — ‘the beginning of wisdom’ — not servile fear nor the courtly submission of a subject before an earthly রাজা (Ps 34:11; 111:10; 128:1; 147:11).
Nations Generic
Approved rendering: জাতিগণ
Transliteration: jatigon
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: পরজাতি as the automatic default
Original: גּוֹיִם / לְאֻמִּים
Category: Kingdom
NEW term for goyim/le’ummim in generic contexts (‘the nations of the earth’ generally). Use জাতিগণ rather than পরজাতি (reserved for an explicit Jew/Gentile contrast) to avoid a doctrinally unwarranted import of the Romans contrast into most Psalms ‘nations’ occurrences.
Zion
Approved rendering: সিয়োন
Transliteration: Tsiyon
Doctrine: Kingship and the Messianic King
Original: צִיּוֹן
Category: Kingdom
NEW proper-name entry. Established Bengali transliteration for God’s chosen dwelling-place and covenant capital; theological weight lies in its associative force, not translation choice (Ps 2,9,48,50-51,65,69,74,76,78,84,87,97,99,102,110,125-129,132-134,137,146-149).
Trust
Approved rendering: নির্ভর করা
Transliteration: nirbhor kora
Doctrine: Character of God as Refuge
Rejected alternatives: বিশ্বাস করা (reserved for NT credal contexts)
Original: בָּטַח
Category: Faith
NEW term for batach (rely on God for safety and provision). Use as the default for OT batach’s sense to avoid over-loading বিশ্বাস with every OT trust-occurrence (Ps 4:5; 9:10; 13:5; 22:4-5; 28:7; 37:3,5; 62:8; 91:2; 115:8-11; 118:8-9; 146:3).
Portion
Approved rendering: অধিকার / অংশ
Transliteration: odhikar / ongsho
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness (Hesed)
Original: חֵלֶק
Category: Covenant
NEW term for cheleq (Ps 16:5, ‘my portion’), a tribal land-inheritance term applied to God himself. Anticipates the baseline’s adoption/inheritance doctrine (দত্তকপুত্রতা), since fellowship with God, not land or possessions, is declared the ultimate good.
Fool
Approved rendering: মূর্খ
Transliteration: murkho
Doctrine: Universal Human Sinfulness / Need for Grace
Original: נָבָל
Category: Wisdom
NEW term for naval (Ps 14:1; 53:1), one who lives as if God does not exist — moral/practical folly, not low intelligence. Note this to avoid a condescending misreading.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: dhonnobad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: תּוֹדָה
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Ps 50:14, 100:4, 107, 116:17; paired with the sacrifice-of-thanksgiving motif.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: সহভাগিতা / একতা
Transliteration: shohobhagita / ekota
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: বন্ধুত্ব
Original: יַחַד
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans package. Extended in Psalms to cover Psalm 133:1’s yachad (‘together, in unity’), thematically resonant with but textually distinct from hesed.
Prophet
Approved rendering: ভাববাদী
Transliteration: bhabbadi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতিষী
Inherited from Romans package.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ভাববাণী
Transliteration: bhabbani
Doctrine: Messianic Prophecy in the Psalms
Rejected alternatives: গণনা
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to the Messianic Prophecy doctrine’s overarching frame.
Blessed Benediction
Approved rendering: ধন্য হোন
Transliteration: dhonyo hon
Doctrine: Praise and Worship
Original: בָּרוּךְ
Category: Worship
NEW term for barukh (‘blessed be the LORD’), a doxological benediction-formula distinct in usage-register from ashrei’s declarative ‘how happy is…’ (blessed_declarative).
Selah
Approved rendering: সিলা
Transliteration: Selah
Doctrine: Praise and Worship
Original: סֶלָה
Category: Worship
NEW entry; transliterate, do not translate. A liturgical/musical pause-marker of uncertain precise meaning, occurring 71 times across the Psalter; treated exactly like আমেন/হাল্লিলূয়া.
Shield
Approved rendering: ঢাল
Transliteration: dhal
Doctrine: Character of God as Refuge
Original: מָגֵן
Category: God as Refuge
NEW term for magen, a defensive military image for God’s protection (Ps 3:3; 5:12; 7:10; 18:2; 28:7; 33:20; 84:9; 91:4; 119:114; 144:2). No competing religious association.
Poor Needy
Approved rendering: দরিদ্র / দীন
Transliteration: doridro / din
Doctrine: Character of God as Refuge
Original: עָנִי / אֶבְיוֹן
Category: Wisdom
NEW term for ani/evyon, the poor and afflicted whom God hears and vindicates (Ps 9-10, 34, 68, 72, 82, 109, 113, 132, 140). No significant doctrinal risk.
Referenced passages