Cross-Reference Analysis
Cross-Reference and Theme Analysis: Ezekiel
0. Methodology and Citation Normalization
Citation format: All citations in this document use the normalizable form Book Chapter:Verse or Book Chapter:Verse-Verse (e.g., Ezekiel 37:1-14, Genesis 2:7, Romans 8:11), matching the style already established for cross-referencing in this curriculum family and directly parseable by downstream Phase 2 tooling. English book names are used in this analytical document for unambiguous cross-curriculum lookup; the corresponding Bengali book names to be used in the actual translated output follow the established Bengali Bible convention and are tabulated in Appendix A.
Matrix columns:
- Passage — the Ezekiel passage under analysis
- Theme/Doctrine — which of the seven curriculum doctrines (or a Romans-baseline doctrine, where cross-curricular) the cross-reference serves
- Related Character — the human or divine figure(s) anchoring the reference
- OT/NT Connection — the specific quotation, allusion, or typological connection, cited normalizably
- Translation Sensitivity — risk tier and specific rendering-consistency requirement
A chapter with no independent load-bearing cross-reference beyond what is already established in an earlier chapter is marked “Reviewed — reuses [chapter] pattern” rather than omitted, per full-book-coverage mandate.
1. Cross-Reference Matrix — Chapter by Chapter
Chapter 1 — Inaugural Throne Vision
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 1:1-28 | Glory and Sovereignty of God | Ezekiel; the four living creatures | Allusion to Exodus 24:9-11 (elders behold God); direct antecedent for Isaiah 6:1-4’s throne-room imagery (parallel vision, not quotation); NT: Revelation 4:6-8 draws its four living creatures directly from both Ezekiel 1:5-10 and Isaiah 6:2-3, fusing them | High. মহিমা (glory) must be fixed here as the term tracked across the whole departure/return arc (chs. 1, 8-11, 43). Revelation 4 shares the living-creature vocabulary; if this curriculum family later treats Revelation, cherubim/living-creature terms (করূব) must match. |
| Ezekiel 1:28 | Glory and Sovereignty of God | — | Rainbow-glory imagery echoes Genesis 9:12-16 (covenant rainbow); anticipates Revelation 4:3 (rainbow around the throne) | Medium. Keep মহিমা consistent; rainbow (ধনুক/রামধনু) is Low risk itself. |
Chapter 2 — Commissioning of the Prophet
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 2:1-3 | Glory and Sovereignty of God (address formula) | Ezekiel | First occurrence of “son of man” (בֶּן־אָדָם); establishes the 93-occurrence pattern; NOT connected to Daniel 7:13’s “one like a son of man” or the Gospels’ Christological self-title (e.g., Mark 14:62) | Critical. হে মানব/মনুষ্যপুত্র — fix rendering here; mandatory standing translator note distinguishing this address from the NT Christological title, applied identically at all 93 occurrences. |
| Ezekiel 2:8-3:3 | Inspiration/authority of the prophetic word | Ezekiel | Direct literary antecedent of Jeremiah 15:16 (“your words were found, and I ate them, and your words became to me a joy”); directly echoed in reverse-order by Revelation 10:9-10 (John eats a scroll, sweet then bitter) | Medium. গোটানো পুস্তক (scroll)/খাওয়া (eating) — keep literal, concrete imagery; flag the Revelation 10 literary echo for any curriculum treating Revelation. |
Chapter 3 — The Watchman Commission
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 3:16-21 | Individual Responsibility for Sin (foundation) | Ezekiel as watchman | Restated fully at Ezekiel 33:1-9; NT parallel (not quotation): Acts 20:26-27 (Paul: “I am innocent of the blood of all… I did not shrink from declaring… the whole counsel of God”); Hebrews 13:17 (leaders “keep watch over your souls”) | High. প্রহরী (watchman) fixed here for reuse at ch. 33; the personal-bloodguilt-if-silent logic must be preserved, paralleling Acts 20:26’s blood-guilt language if this curriculum also covers Acts. |
| Ezekiel 3:14 | Glory and Sovereignty of God | Ezekiel | Reuses יַד־יְהוָה (“hand of the LORD”) from 1:3, fixed for identical rendering at 37:1, 40:1 | Medium. সদাপ্রভুর হাত — must match 1:3, 37:1, 40:1 exactly. |
Chapter 4 — Sign-Act of the Siege
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 4:1-17 | Judgment on Jerusalem | Ezekiel (enacted sign) | Draws on the covenant-curse catalogue of Leviticus 26:26,29 and Deuteronomy 28:52-57 (siege, famine, defiled food) as the legal basis for the coming judgment | Medium. No new term; note the covenant-lawsuit background (this is covenant-curse fulfillment, not arbitrary catastrophe) for teaching notes. |
Chapter 5 — Sign-Act of Hair
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 5:1-17 | Judgment on Jerusalem | Ezekiel | תּוֹעֵבָה (“abomination”) first formal occurrence; echoes Leviticus 18:24-30’s use of the same term for the practices that defile the land | High. ঘৃণ্য কাজ/জঘন্য কর্ম fixed here for uniform register across ~40 book-wide occurrences. |
Chapter 6 — Judgment on the High Places
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 6:1-14 | Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations | — | High-places condemnation continuous with Deuteronomy 12:2-3, 1 Kings 14:23 | Medium. উচ্চস্থান fixed; keep distinct from legitimate temple vocabulary. |
Chapter 7 — The Day of Wrath
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 7:1-27 | Judgment on Jerusalem | — | Shares “day of the LORD” idiom with Amos 5:18-20, Joel 2:1-2, Zephaniah 1:14-18; NT: Romans 2:5 (“the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God”) shares the same “day of wrath” theological category applied universally; 1 Thessalonians 5:2 | High. ক্রোধের দিন/সদাপ্রভুর দিন — this is the first of several “day of the LORD” occurrences (see chs. 30, 32, 38) requiring identical rendering; Romans 2:5’s “day of wrath” is a direct thematic parallel worth flagging for consistency if Romans terms are cross-loaded. |
Chapter 8 — Idolatry in the Temple; Glory Begins to Withdraw
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 8:1-18 | God’s Presence Departing | — | קִנְאָה (“jealousy”) echoes Exodus 20:5 (“I the LORD your God am a jealous God”) — the exact covenant-jealousy category, not petty envy | Medium. ঈর্ষা — must match established Bengali OT rendering of Exodus 20:5’s “jealous God,” with a teaching note on the positive covenantal sense. |
| Ezekiel 8:1-18 | Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations | — | גִּלּוּלִים (“idols,” contemptuous) — first major use; echoes the same contemptuous root used throughout Leviticus 26:30, 1 Kings 15:12 | High — cultural-collision term. প্রতিমা; see §4 below and 08_core_glossary.md Section B. |
Chapter 9 — Judgment Executed; the Mark on the Foreheads
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 9:1-11 | Judgment on Jerusalem | The man with the mark | The protective תָּו mark on those who grieve over sin anticipates the sealing/marking of a remnant in Revelation 7:2-3 and 9:4 (those who have “the seal of God on their foreheads” are spared judgment) | Medium. চিহ্ন — typological, not identical; teaching note required distinguishing this from any Christian sacramental “seal” language. |
Chapter 10 — The Glory Departs the Threshold
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 10:1-22 | God’s Presence Departing | Cherubim; the glory | Reverses the positive counterpart at 1 Kings 8:10-11 (the glory filling Solomon’s temple at its dedication) — the same מহিমা now leaves the same house | Critical. মহিমা fixed since ch. 1; this is the narrative pivot the return in ch. 43 must mirror precisely. |
Chapter 11 — Departure to the Mount of Olives; First New-Heart Promise
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 11:22-23 | God’s Presence Departing | The glory | Completes the departure route (temple → threshold [ch.10] → east gate → Mount of Olives); NT: the Mount of Olives location is later the site of Jesus’ ascension (Acts 1:9-12) and prophesied return (Zechariah 14:4, Acts 1:11) — a striking geographic echo worth flagging as typological, not textual quotation | Medium. Geographic note only; no new term. |
| Ezekiel 11:19-20 | The New Heart and New Spirit | — | First statement of “one heart…new spirit” and the covenant formula; direct theological continuity with Jeremiah 31:31-34 (new covenant, contemporaneous prophecy); NT: Hebrews 8:10 and Hebrews 10:16 directly quote Jeremiah 31:33 as fulfilled in Christ, extending to this Ezekiel promise by theological continuity; 2 Corinthians 3:3 (“written… on tablets of human hearts”) | Critical. নতুন হৃদয়/নতুন আত্মা and covenant formula আমি তাদের ঈশ্বর হব, এবং তারা আমার প্রজা হবে fixed here — see §5 fixed-phrase table. |
Chapter 12 — Sign-Act of the Exile
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 12:1-20 | Judgment on Jerusalem | Ezekiel | Enacts the exile curse of Deuteronomy 28:36-37, 64-68 | Medium. No new term; historical-concrete register required for নির্বাসন. |
Chapter 13 — False Prophets
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 13:1-16 | Inspiration of Scripture (by contrast) | False prophets | Shares vocabulary and theme with Jeremiah 23:16-17 and the test of true/false prophecy in Deuteronomy 13:1-5, 18:20-22; NT: Matthew 7:15, 2 Peter 2:1, 1 John 4:1 all address the same false-prophet/false-teacher category | High. শান্তি (“peace, when there is no peace”) must be clearly framed as a condemned false claim — see baseline peace_with_god doctrine; risk of confusion with the true শান্তি of Romans 5:1 if not clearly bracketed as ironic/condemned speech in this passage. |
Chapter 14 — Idols in the Heart; Noah, Daniel, Job
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 14:12-20 | Individual Responsibility for Sin (foreshadowed) | Noah, Daniel, Job | Direct reference to Genesis 6:9-9:17 (Noah), the Job narrative (Job 1:1-2:10), and a righteous “Daniel/Danel” figure; establishes that individual righteousness cannot vicariously save a nation | Medium. নোহ, দানিয়েল, ইয়োব — standard established Bengali OT proper names; flag the theological argument (non-transferable individual righteousness) for the Ezekiel 18 doctrine note; parallel to Romans 14:12 (“each of us will give account of himself to God”) and Galatians 6:4-5. |
| Ezekiel 14:1-8 | The New Heart and New Spirit (negative anticipation) | — | גִּלּוּלִים עַל־לִבָּם (“idols in their heart”) anticipates the ch. 18/36 heart-focused diagnosis | High. প্রতিমা — reuse ch. 8 rendering; internalized-idolatry point requires homiletical framing. |
Chapter 15 — The Useless Vine
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 15:1-8 | Judgment on Jerusalem | — | Shares the vine/vineyard judgment image with Isaiah 5:1-7 and Psalm 80:8-16; NT: John 15:1-6 (Jesus as the true vine) stands as the positive fulfillment-contrast to Israel’s failed vine-image | Medium. No new term; flag John 15 contrast for teaching notes if this curriculum family covers John. |
Chapter 16 — Jerusalem as Adulterous Wife
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 16:1-63 | Judgment on Jerusalem | Jerusalem (personified) | Extends the marriage-covenant-unfaithfulness metaphor of Hosea 1:2-3:5 and Jeremiah 2:1-3:5; NT: Revelation 17:1-6, 18:1-8 (Babylon the harlot) is the clearest later literary heir of this same unfaithful-city imagery; positive counter-image in Ephesians 5:25-32 (Christ and his bride, the church) | High — honor/shame sensitivity. ব্যভিচার করা/বেশ্যাবৃত্তি করা — formal Bible register only; explicit teaching note that the target is covenantal, not literal, unfaithfulness. |
| Ezekiel 16:60 | Restoration | — | “I will remember my covenant” echoes Genesis 9:15-16 and Leviticus 26:42’s covenant-remembering language; directly anticipates the “everlasting covenant” of Ezekiel 37:26 | High. আমার নিয়ম স্মরণ করব — reuse নিয়ম; preserve unilateral divine-fidelity sense. |
Chapter 17 — The Eagles and the Vine
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 17:1-21 | Judgment on Jerusalem | Zedekiah | Historical referent: 2 Kings 24:17-20, 2 Chronicles 36:13 (Zedekiah’s broken vassal oath to Babylon) | Medium. No new term. |
| Ezekiel 17:22-24 | Restoration (messianic) | — | The “tender twig” planted on a high mountain, becoming a noble cedar sheltering birds, echoes Isaiah 11:1 (“a shoot from the stump of Jesse”) and anticipates Isaiah 53:2; NT: Matthew 13:31-32/Mark 4:30-32 (the mustard-seed kingdom parable) shares the identical growth-and-shelter imagery | High — messianic. See §2 Messianic References table below. |
Chapter 18 — Individual Responsibility for Sin (Core Doctrine Chapter)
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 18:2 | Individual Responsibility for Sin | — | Quotes the popular proverb “The fathers eat sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge” — the nearly identical proverb is quoted and rejected in the same terms at Jeremiah 31:29-30; both texts overturn the same folk fatalism | High. Render the proverb identically in both Ezekiel 18:2 and (if this curriculum family later treats it) Jeremiah 31:29, so learners recognize the shared quotation. |
| Ezekiel 18:4, 20 | Individual Responsibility for Sin | — | Echoes Deuteronomy 24:16 (“fathers shall not be put to death for their children… each shall be put to death for his own sin”); NT: Romans 2:6 (“he will render to each one according to his works”), Romans 14:12, Galatians 6:5, 2 Corinthians 5:10 — direct theological parallel to individual accountability | Critical. প্রাণ/ব্যক্তি (nephesh) — see 08_core_glossary.md; NEVER আত্মা. |
| Ezekiel 18:23, 32 | Individual Responsibility for Sin | — | “I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked” anticipates 2 Peter 3:9 (“not wishing that any should perish, but that all should reach repentance”) and 1 Timothy 2:4 (“God… desires all people to be saved”) | High. Preserve God’s stated reluctance/compassion in judgment; do not render as cold legal indifference. |
| Ezekiel 18:31 | The New Heart and New Spirit | — | Imperative “get yourselves a new heart” stands in creative tension with Deuteronomy 30:6 (“the LORD your God will circumcise your heart”) and with the promissory form of Ezekiel 36:26 (“I will give you a new heart”); NT: Philippians 2:12-13 holds the same human-responsibility/divine-gift tension (“work out your own salvation… for it is God who works in you”) | Critical. নতুন হৃদয়/নতুন আত্মা — identical noun phrase to chs. 11, 36 but the grammatical mood (imperative here vs. promissory at 36:26) must be preserved distinctly. |
| Ezekiel 18 (whole chapter) | Individual Responsibility for Sin / Salvation (Romans baseline) | — | ধার্মিকতা here denotes covenantal, conduct-assessed righteous living (temporal life/death), distinct from — though not contradicting — Romans’ forensic, faith-received righteousness (Romans 4:1-8, quoting Genesis 15:6) | Critical — mandatory divergence note. See 08_core_glossary.md Section C and §4 below. |
Chapter 19 — Lament for the Princes of Israel
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 19:1-14 | Judgment on Jerusalem | Jehoahaz, Jehoiachin, Zedekiah (implied) | Historical referent: 2 Kings 23:31-24:17 | Low. Funeral-dirge genre (קִינָה); no new theological term. |
Chapter 20 — History of Rebellion; “For My Name’s Sake”
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 20:1-44 | Glory and Sovereignty of God | Moses (implied precedent) | לְמַעַן שְׁמִי echoes Moses’ intercession in Exodus 32:11-14 and Numbers 14:13-16, where God’s own name/reputation among the nations is the argument for mercy; NT: Romans 9:17 (God raises up Pharaoh “that I might show my power in you”) shares the same theo-logic of divine self-vindication; Ephesians 1:6 (“to the praise of his glorious grace”) | High. আমার নামের জন্য — fixed refrain at 20:9,14,22,44; 36:22,32; must undercut merit-based readings consistently, paralleling Romans 11:5-6’s grace-not-works logic (see §4). |
| Ezekiel 20:12-24 | (Sabbath as covenant sign) | — | Shares Sabbath-sign vocabulary with Exodus 20:8-11, 31:13-17 | Low-Medium. বিশ্রামবার/সাব্বাথ — reused at ch. 46. |
Chapter 21 — The Sword of Judgment
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 21:1-32 | Judgment on Jerusalem | — | Shares “sword” judgment-instrument imagery with Jeremiah 21:1-10; Leviticus 26:25 | Low-Medium. No new term. |
| Ezekiel 21:27 | Restoration (messianic, veiled) | — | “…until he comes whose right it is” — widely read as an oblique messianic/Davidic reference, paralleling Genesis 49:10’s “until he comes to whom it belongs” (Judah’s scepter) | Medium — messianic. See §2 below; flag as an allusive, not explicit, messianic reference. |
Chapter 22 — Catalogue of Jerusalem’s Sins
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 22:1-31 | Judgment on Jerusalem | — | The sin-catalogue genre (bloodguilt, oppression of the vulnerable) echoes Leviticus 18-20 and Exodus 22:21-24; stylistically parallels the sin-catalogues of Romans 1:29-31 (universal_human_accountability doctrine) though addressed to a different audience (covenant Israel vs. humanity generally) | Medium. রক্ত/রক্তপাত — legal bloodguilt sense; flag the catalogue-genre stylistic parallel with Romans 1:29-31 for teaching notes, without implying identical addressees. |
Chapter 23 — Oholah and Oholibah
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 23:1-49 | Judgment on Jerusalem | Samaria (Oholah), Jerusalem (Oholibah) | Extends ch. 16’s זָנָה metaphor to both sister kingdoms; parallels Jeremiah 3:6-11’s two-sisters image | High. Reuse ch. 16 rendering exactly for consistency. |
Chapter 24 — The Boiling Pot; Death of Ezekiel’s Wife
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 24:1-14 | Judgment on Jerusalem | — | Historical fulfillment: 2 Kings 25:1-21 (the actual siege and fall) | Medium. No new term. |
| Ezekiel 24:15-27 | Judgment on Jerusalem (sign-act) | Ezekiel’s wife | אוֹת (“sign”) — Ezekiel’s own bereavement as a communicative sign echoes Isaiah 8:18 (“I and the children the LORD has given me are signs”); NT: Luke 21:20-24 (Jesus’ prophecy of Jerusalem’s siege) is a thematic, not textual, parallel judgment-oracle | Medium. চিহ্ন/নিদর্শন — keep distinct from miracle-vocabulary. |
Chapters 25 — Judgment on Ammon, Moab, Edom, Philistia
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 25:1-17 | Judgment on the Nations | — | Opens the nations-oracle cycle (chs. 25-32), continuous with the genre of Isaiah 13-23, Jeremiah 46-51, Amos 1:3-2:3 | Critical (formula). כֹּה־אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה — প্রভু সদাপ্রভু এই কথা বলেন fixed here for identical rendering at ~120 occurrences book-wide. |
| Ezekiel 25:1-17 | Judgment on the Nations | — | גּוֹיִם here denotes specific historical geopolitical nations, NOT the Romans-baseline’s inclusive gospel-mission-field פরজাতি | Medium-High. জাতি/জাতিগণ — do not conflate with পরজাতি; see 08_core_glossary.md Section C. |
Chapters 26-27 — Judgment on Tyre
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 26:1-27:36 | Judgment on the Nations | Tyre | Dirge (קִינָה) genre shared with 28:12, 32:2; parallels Isaiah 23’s Tyre oracle | Low. No new term. |
Chapter 28 — The King of Tyre; Eden Imagery
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 28:1-10 | Judgment on the Nations | King of Tyre | The claim “I am a god” (28:2) parallels the king of Babylon’s self-deifying boast in Isaiah 14:12-15 (“I will make myself like the Most High”); later Christian tradition (not the text’s own explicit claim) reads both passages typologically of Satan’s fall, echoed in Luke 10:18 and Revelation 12:9 | High — typological caution. Any Satan/“Lucifer” connection must be flagged explicitly as a later theological/typological reading tradition, not Ezekiel’s own stated referent (the king of Tyre), to avoid overclaiming textual identity. |
| Ezekiel 28:11-19 | Judgment on the Nations | King of Tyre | Direct allusion to Genesis 2:8-3:24 (Eden, the cherub guardian, precious stones echoing the high priest’s breastplate of Exodus 28:17-20) | Medium. এদন, ঈশ্বরের বাগান — fixed here for reuse at chs. 36, 47; keep as the specific Genesis garden, not generic স্বর্গ. |
Chapters 29-32 — Judgment on Egypt and Pharaoh
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 29:1-16; 32:1-16 | Judgment on the Nations | Pharaoh | תַּנִּין (“dragon/sea monster”) echoes Egypt/Pharaoh’s established chaos-monster association in Exodus 7:8-12, Psalm 74:13-14 (“Leviathan”), Isaiah 51:9 (“Rahab, the dragon”); NT: Revelation 12:3-9, 20:2 identifies “the dragon, that ancient serpent” explicitly as Satan — the clearest downstream point of this OT chaos-monster lineage | High — cultural-collision. সামুদ্রিক দানব/কুমির; NEVER নাগ or serpent-deity-adjacent vocabulary (Manasa Devi folk-cult collision risk). Flag the Revelation 12/20 lineage for any curriculum also treating Revelation. |
| Ezekiel 29:21 | Restoration (messianic, veiled) | — | “I will cause a horn to spring forth for the house of Israel” — horn-of-strength/deliverance imagery echoed at Luke 1:69 (“raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David”) | Medium — messianic. See §2 below. |
| Ezekiel 32:7-8 | Judgment on the Nations | — | Darkened-sun/stars imagery shares vocabulary with Joel 2:10, Isaiah 13:10; NT: Matthew 24:29 and Revelation 6:12-13 reuse the identical cosmic-darkening idiom for eschatological judgment | High. সদাপ্রভুর দিন-family vocabulary; keep the historical (Egypt’s actual defeat) and typological (ultimate Day of the LORD) senses distinguishable, per the linear-fulfillment caution already established for ch. 7. |
Chapter 33 — Watchman Restated; Fall of Jerusalem Reported
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 33:1-20 | Individual Responsibility for Sin | Ezekiel | Verbatim recapitulation of ch. 3’s watchman commission and ch. 18’s individual-responsibility formula | High. প্রহরী — must match ch. 3 exactly. |
| Ezekiel 33:21-22 | Judgment on Jerusalem / Restoration (turning point) | — | Historical hinge: the news of Jerusalem’s fall (fulfilling ch. 24’s sign) shifts the book from judgment to restoration | Medium. No new term; narrative-structural note only. |
Chapter 34 — Shepherds of Israel; My Servant David
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 34:1-10 | Restoration | Failed shepherds (kings) | Echoes Jeremiah 23:1-4 (“woe to the shepherds who destroy and scatter my flock”) and Zechariah 11:15-17 (the worthless shepherd) | High. মেষপালক — same term for failed human shepherds and God’s/Messiah’s shepherding; contrast carried by context, not vocabulary substitution. |
| Ezekiel 34:11-16 | Restoration | God as shepherd | Echoes Psalm 23:1-4, Psalm 95:7; directly and closely echoed by John 10:11-16 (“I am the good shepherd… I know my own and my own know me”) | High — messianic/Christological. See §2 below. |
| Ezekiel 34:23-24 | Restoration; Davidic hope | ”My servant David” | Continuous with the Davidic covenant of 2 Samuel 7:12-16 and Jeremiah 30:9; directly parallel to the Romans-baseline’s “seed of David” doctrine (Romans 1:3, “descended from David according to the flesh”) and its fulfillment in Matthew 1:1, Luke 1:32-33 | Critical — rendering-consistency required. আমার দাস দায়ূদ; দায়ূদ must match the baseline’s দায়ূদ exactly. See §4 table below. |
| Ezekiel 34:25 | Restoration | — | בְּרִית שָׁלוֹם (“covenant of peace”) anticipates Isaiah 54:10; NT: Ephesians 2:14-17 (“he himself is our peace… and has reconciled us”), directly continuous with Romans 5:1’s justification-secured peace (Romans-baseline peace_with_god doctrine) | High. শান্তির নিয়ম — combine নিয়ম + শান্তি exactly as already fixed; see §4. |
Chapter 35 — Judgment on Mount Seir (Edom)
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 35:1-15 | Judgment on the Nations | Edom | Parallels Obadiah 1:10-14 and Malachi 1:2-4’s Edom oracles | Low. No new term; reuses ch. 25 formula/genre. |
Chapter 36 — The New Heart and New Spirit (Fullest Statement)
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 36:22-32 | Glory and Sovereignty of God; New Heart and New Spirit | — | “Not for your sake… but for my holy name’s sake” directly parallels the grace-not-merit logic of Romans 11:5-6 (“if by grace, then it is no longer on the basis of works”) | Critical. আমার নামের জন্য (reuse ch. 20 rendering) combined with অনুগ্রহ-adjacent teaching note; see §4 grace-parallel entry. |
| Ezekiel 36:25-27 | The New Heart and New Spirit | — | Direct theological continuity with Jeremiah 31:31-34’s new covenant; directly and closely echoed by John 3:5-8 (Nicodemus discourse: water/Spirit, “born again/from above”); Titus 3:5 (“the washing of regeneration and renewal of the Holy Spirit”); Hebrews 8:10, 10:16 (quoting Jeremiah 31:33) | Critical. নতুন হৃদয়/নতুন আত্মা fixed identically to chs. 11, 18; পরিষ্কার জল/শুদ্ধ জল for “clean water” — avoid শুচি-family vocabulary. This is the OT anchor most directly quoted alongside Romans 8:9-11 (Spirit dwelling within) in cross-curricular teaching. |
| Ezekiel 36:35 | Restoration | — | “This land… has become like the garden of Eden” — direct callback to 28:13’s Eden imagery and forward to 47:1-12’s river vision | Medium. এদন — reuse ch. 28 rendering. |
Chapter 37 — Valley of Dry Bones (37:1-14) and the Two Sticks (37:15-28)
(See analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md §1 for the full verse-by-verse treatment of 37:1-14. This section supplies the cross-reference matrix entries specifically.)
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 37:1-3 | Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones | Ezekiel | Sets the vision in dialogue form (“Can these bones live?”); no direct OT quotation, but the totally-dead scenario is the sharpest OT antecedent to Daniel 12:2 (“many who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake”) | Medium. No new term at this verse beyond core-passage entries. |
| Ezekiel 37:5, 9 | Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones | — | “I will cause breath to enter you” directly echoes Genesis 2:7 (“the LORD God… breathed into his nostrils the breath of life”) — the same act of divine breath constituting life, now applied to national resurrection | Critical. নিঃশ্বাস/প্রাণবায়ু; mandatory translator note on the Genesis 2:7 echo and the wordplay loss risk (see 07_semantic_analysis.md). |
| Ezekiel 37:6, 13, 14 | Glory and Sovereignty of God | — | Recognition formula — see §5 fixed-phrase table | Critical. তখন তোমরা জানবে যে আমিই সদাপ্রভু — must match every other occurrence book-wide exactly. |
| Ezekiel 37:9-10 | Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones | — | Directly and closely echoed by Revelation 11:11 (“the breath of life entered them, and they stood up on their feet”) — the two slain witnesses’ resurrection is written in deliberate, close verbal dependence on this verse | High. বায়ু/হাওয়া and জীবিত হওয়া (life-root) — flag the Revelation 11:11 literary dependence for any curriculum treating Revelation; the life-root verb family must stay consistent. |
| Ezekiel 37:11 | Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones | Whole house of Israel | — | Medium. সমস্ত ইস্রায়েল-বংশ — corporate reading; do not confuse with ch. 18’s individual frame. |
| Ezekiel 37:12-13 | Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones | — | “I will open your graves and raise you” is directly and closely echoed by John 5:25-29 (Jesus: “the hour is coming when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God… and come out, [some] to the resurrection of life”); enacted narratively in John 11:1-44 (Lazarus) | Critical. কবর; the rendering must resonate with, without flatly asserting textual identity to, the NT doctrine of পুনরুত্থান (Romans-baseline Critical-risk term). NEVER পুনর্জন্ম. |
| Ezekiel 37:14 | God’s Presence Departing and Returning; New Heart and New Spirit | — | “I will put my Spirit within you… I have spoken, and I have done it” is the clearest OT anticipation of Pentecost and is directly echoed by Romans 8:11 (“if the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he… will give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who dwells in you”) — one of the single strongest OT-Romans lexical/theological parallels in the whole book | Critical. আমার আত্মা তোমাদের অন্তরে দিব — see §4 below; direct rendering-consistency link to Romans 8:11’s ধার্মিকতা-adjacent life-giving-Spirit language and to the baseline’s পবিত্র আত্মা (with the OT/NT continuity note from 08_core_glossary.md Section C). |
| Ezekiel 37:15-28 | Restoration | The two sticks (Israel/Judah) | Historical antecedent: 1 Kings 11:29-39 (the kingdom’s division); NT: Ephesians 2:14-16 (“he has broken down… the dividing wall… that he might create in himself one new man in place of the two”) shares the identical one-out-of-two theological shape, directly continuous with the Romans-baseline’s unity_of_jews_and_gentiles doctrine (Romans 3:29-30; 10:12; 11:17-24) | High — direct Romans parallel. দুটি কাঠখণ্ড; see §4 below for the rendering-consistency rule linking this passage to Romans’ unity doctrine. |
| Ezekiel 37:26 | Restoration | — | বְּרִית עוֹלָם (“everlasting covenant”) and מִקְדָּשׁ…לְעוֹלָם (“sanctuary forever”) anticipate the temple vision of chs. 40-48 and its resolution at 43:7 | High. চিরস্থায়ী নিয়ম/অনন্তকালীন নিয়ম; পবিত্রস্থান…চিরকাল — fixed for reuse at ch. 43. |
Chapters 38-39 — Gog and Magog
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 38:1-39:29 | Judgment on the Nations (eschatological); Glory and Sovereignty of God | Gog | Names directly reused, with a distinct historical referent, in Revelation 20:8 (“Gog and Magog… to gather them for battle”) | Medium-High. গোগ ও মাগোগ — transliterate as proper names; mandatory translator/teaching note on continuity-without-identity with Revelation 20’s eschatological reuse. |
| Ezekiel 38:16 | Judgment on the Nations (eschatological) | — | בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים (“in the latter days”) is a standard OT eschatological-horizon idiom, shared with Isaiah 2:2, Daniel 2:28, Hosea 3:5; NT: Hebrews 1:2 (“in these last days”), 2 Timothy 3:1 | Medium. শেষ কালে — distinguish from the historically-dated “day of the LORD” idiom of chs. 7, 30, 32. |
Chapters 40-42 — The New Temple Measured
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 40:1-42:20 | The Vision of the New Temple | The measuring angel | Architectural pattern echoes 1 Kings 6:1-38 (Solomon’s temple) and Exodus 25-27 (the tabernacle blueprint); NT: Revelation 11:1 and Revelation 21:15-17 (an angel measures the temple/city with a rod) directly echo this measuring-angel motif | Medium. পরিমাপ-দণ্ড — architectural vocabulary; main doctrinal weight is the holy/common spatial gradation, not this term individually. |
Chapter 43 — The Glory Returns
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 43:1-5 | God’s Presence Returning | The glory | Precise reversal of the chs. 8-11 departure route; positive counterpart at 1 Kings 8:10-11; NT: John 1:14 (“the Word became flesh and dwelt among us [ἐσκήνωσεν, lit. ‘tabernacled’], and we have seen his glory”) — striking lexical continuity with the מִשְׁכָּן/שָׁכַן root behind Ezekiel’s own “dwelling” vocabulary | Critical. মহিমা must be tracked identically since ch. 1; বসবাস করা (see next entry) for the שָׁכַן root. This is the single most important continuity-tracking point in the whole book. |
| Ezekiel 43:7 | God’s Presence Returning | — | “I will dwell in their midst forever” (וְשָׁכַנְתִּי) directly echoed by Revelation 21:3 (“Behold, the dwelling place of God is with man. He will dwell with them”) and by 2 Corinthians 6:16 (echoing Leviticus 26:12) | Critical. বসবাস করা — establish consistently across chs. 37, 43 and any tabernacle-background NT material. |
Chapter 44 — The Prince; Levites and Sons of Zadok
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 44:15-16 | The Vision of the New Temple | Sons of Zadok | Priestly-lineage background: Numbers 3-4, 1 Chronicles 24:1-6; NT: Hebrews 7:11-19 argues for a different priesthood altogether (Melchizedekian, in Christ), superseding all Levitical/Zadokite categories | High — typological caution. সাদোকের সন্তানগণ; mandatory teaching note that Hebrews 7 argues for priesthood-change, not identity, with Ezekiel’s renewed Zadokite order — this tension is theological and must not be resolved by translation choice alone; flag for human theologian review. |
| Ezekiel 44:23 | The Vision of the New Temple | Priests | קָדוֹשׁ/חֹל, טָמֵא/טָהוֹר taxonomy echoes Leviticus 10:10 (“distinguish between the holy and the common, and between the unclean and the clean”) | Medium. পবিত্র/সাধারণ, অশুচি/শুচি — reuse baseline পবিত্র; শুচি-family vocabulary is textually appropriate here uniquely (see 08_core_glossary.md Section A note). |
Chapters 45-46 — Offerings and Feast Calendar
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 45:13-46:15 | The Vision of the New Temple | The prince | Sacrificial categories echo Leviticus 1-7 and the feast calendar of Numbers 28-29; NT: Hebrews 10:1-4, 10:11-14 states that the entire sacrificial system was only ever “a shadow of the good things to come,” fulfilled and ended in Christ’s single sacrifice | High — doctrinal-tension flag. হোমবলি/পাপার্থক বলি/ভক্ষ্য নৈবেদ্য; the apparent reinstatement of animal sacrifice in this eschatological vision is a genuine, debated interpretive tension (memorial/typological vs. futurist-literal readings) requiring human theologian review, not a translation-level resolution. |
Chapter 47 — The River of Living Water
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 47:1-12 | The Vision of the New Temple; Restoration | — | Direct typological chain: Genesis 2:10-14 (the four rivers of Eden) → Ezekiel 47:1-12 → Revelation 22:1-2 (“the river of the water of life… flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb”); also echoes Psalm 46:4, Joel 3:18, Zechariah 14:8; NT: John 7:37-38 (“out of his heart will flow rivers of living water”) is Jesus’ own direct allusion to this same OT river-of-life tradition | High — mandatory typological chain note. মন্দিরের চৌকাঠের নিচ থেকে প্রবাহিত জল — the river’s source (the temple/God’s presence) must remain explicit for the Revelation 22 connection to hold; flag for cross-curriculum consistency if Revelation is treated in this language package. |
| Ezekiel 47:9, 12 | Restoration | — | “The leaves…for healing” (לִתְרוּפָה) is directly and closely echoed by Revelation 22:2 (“the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations”) | High. আরোগ্যদায়ক পাতা — see §3 typology table below. |
Chapter 48 — Division of the Land; “The LORD Is There”
| Passage | Theme/Doctrine | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 47:22-23; 48:1-29 | The Vision of the New Temple; (Unity of Jews and Gentiles, Romans-baseline parallel) | The sojourner (גֵּר) | Reverses/extends the original tribal land allotments of Joshua 13-21 by explicitly granting the resident foreigner (גֵּר) a land-inheritance among the tribes; NT: Ephesians 2:19, Ephesians 3:6 (“the Gentiles are fellow heirs”), Galatians 3:28-29 | Medium-High. প্রবাসী/বিদেশী; flag the inclusion-not-mere-toleration significance, directly parallel to the Romans-baseline unity_of_jews_and_gentiles doctrine. |
| Ezekiel 48:35 | God’s Presence Returning; book’s closing thesis | — | The city’s new name, יְהוָה שָׁמָּה (“The LORD is there”), is the book’s final resolution of the departure crisis of chs. 8-11; NT: Revelation 21:2-3, 21:22-27 (New Jerusalem, no need of sun or temple “for the glory of God gives it light… and the Lamb,” the nations bringing their glory into it) is the climactic fulfillment of this same closing image | Critical. সদাপ্রভু-শাম্মা — see 08_core_glossary.md; treat with Romans-1:16-17-level fixed-rendering consistency. |
2. Messianic References
| Passage | Messianic Content | OT Background | NT Fulfillment/Citation | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 17:22-24 | The “tender twig” planted on a high mountain, becoming a noble cedar sheltering every kind of bird | Isaiah 11:1 (“a shoot from the stump of Jesse”); Isaiah 53:2 | Matthew 13:31-32; Mark 4:30-32 (mustard-seed kingdom parable shares the same growth/shelter imagery) | High. Flag as a messianic allusion, not a proof-text quotation; keep the tree/shelter imagery concrete for the parable-parallel to be recognizable in teaching. |
| Ezekiel 21:27 | ”…until he comes whose right it is” | Genesis 49:10 (“until he comes to whom it belongs,” Judah’s scepter promise) | Broadly fulfilled in the Davidic Messiah; not directly quoted in the NT but part of the same royal-promise trajectory culminating in Luke 1:32-33 | Medium. Oblique reference; do not over-translate into an explicit messianic title not present in the Hebrew. |
| Ezekiel 29:21 | ”I will cause a horn to spring forth for the house of Israel” | Standard OT horn-of-strength/deliverance idiom (cf. Psalm 132:17, “there I will make a horn to sprout for David”) | Luke 1:69 (“he has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David”) | Medium. শৃঙ্গ (horn) idiom; flag the Luke 1:69 echo for any Gospel-curriculum cross-reference. |
| Ezekiel 34:23-24 | ”I will set up over them one shepherd, my servant David” | 2 Samuel 7:12-16 (Davidic covenant); Micah 5:2 (ruler from Bethlehem) | John 10:11-16 (Jesus, the good shepherd); Matthew 2:6 (quoting Micah 5:2); Hebrews 13:20 (“the great Shepherd of the sheep”) | Critical. আমার দাস দায়ূদ; mandatory teaching note per 08_core_glossary.md — this is typological fulfillment in Christ, not a literal resurrection of the historical King David. |
| Ezekiel 37:24-25 | ”My servant David shall be king over them… forever” | Same as above; combines shepherd and king/prince titles uniquely at this verse | Same NT texts as above, plus Revelation 22:16 (Christ as “the root and descendant of David”) | Critical. Reuse আমার দাস দায়ূদ rendering exactly from ch. 34; same teaching-note requirement. |
| Ezekiel 37:26 | ”I will make with them a covenant of peace… an everlasting covenant” | Isaiah 54:10; Jeremiah 32:40 | Hebrews 13:20 (“the eternal covenant”); Luke 22:20 (“the new covenant in my blood”) | High. চিরস্থায়ী নিয়ম combined with শান্তির নিয়ম — see §4 below for direct Romans-baseline rendering-consistency link. |
| Ezekiel 40-48 (whole vision) | The eschatological temple, prince, and city as a unified messianic-kingdom vision | Isaiah 2:2-4; Micah 4:1-3 (the mountain of the LORD’s house exalted) | Revelation 21-22 (the New Jerusalem, God’s throne, the river and tree of life, the nations’ healing) | High. Treat the whole vision as pointing forward typologically to the consummated Kingdom of God (Romans-baseline kingdom_of_god doctrine, ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য), without collapsing Ezekiel’s own historical/eschatological ambiguity into a single settled interpretive scheme — flag for human theologian framing in teaching notes. |
3. Typological Threads (Multi-Chapter Arcs)
| Typological Thread | Ezekiel Chapters | OT Roots | NT Terminus | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Glory departs and returns | 1, 8-11, 43, 48:35 | 1 Kings 8:10-11 (glory fills the first temple) | John 1:14 (the Word tabernacles among us); Revelation 21:3 (God dwells with man) | Critical. মহিমা and বসবাস করা (শাকান root) must be tracked as one continuous narrative across all four points. |
| Dry bones raised to life by the Spirit | 37:1-14 | Genesis 2:7 (breath of life) | John 5:25-29; John 11 (Lazarus); Romans 8:11; 1 Corinthians 15:20-23,42-44 | Critical. কবর/পুনরুত্থান-adjacent vocabulary; NEVER পুনর্জন্ম. Careful “resonates-with-but-is-not-identical-to” framing required — Ezekiel 37 is national/corporate restoration imagery that anticipates but does not equal the NT doctrine of individual bodily resurrection. |
| Shepherd-king failing and fulfilled | 34, 37:24-25 | Psalm 23; Jeremiah 23:1-6 | John 10:11-16; Hebrews 13:20; 1 Peter 2:25 | High. মেষপালক — single term for both failed and fulfilled shepherd roles. |
| Eden lost and Eden restored | 28:11-19; 36:35; 47:1-12 | Genesis 2-3 | Revelation 22:1-2 | High. এদন fixed across all three points; mandatory typological-chain teaching note. |
| Temple as God’s dwelling and its NT relocation | 8-11, 40-46, 43 | Exodus 25-27; 1 Kings 6 | John 2:19-21 (Jesus as the temple); 1 Corinthians 3:16 (believers as temple); Revelation 21:22 (no temple needed, the Lamb is its temple) | High — theological-tension flag. মন্দির (literal OT building, always with divine-name qualifier) must not be confused with the NT’s move away from a literal-building referent; do not harmonize the tension by translation choice — flag for theologian framing. |
| The chaos-monster subdued by God alone | 29, 32 | Exodus 7; Psalm 74:13-14; Isaiah 51:9 | Revelation 12:3-9; 20:2 | High — cultural-collision. সামুদ্রিক দানব/কুমির; NEVER নাগ (Manasa Devi collision). |
| Two become one | 37:15-28 | 1 Kings 11:29-39 (division) | Ephesians 2:14-16; Romans 11:17-24 (olive tree) | High. See §4 direct Romans-parallel entry below. |
4. Parallels to Romans and Cross-Curriculum Rendering-Consistency Rules
| Ezekiel Passage | Romans/NT Parallel | Shared Concept | Fixed Bengali Rendering | Rendering-Consistency Rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ezekiel 34:23-24; 37:24-25 | Romans 1:3 (“descended from David according to the flesh”) | Davidic descent of the Messiah | দায়ূদ (David); আমার দাস দায়ূদ (my servant David); cf. baseline দায়ূদের বংশ (seed of David) | দায়ূদ must be identical to the Romans-baseline transliteration in every occurrence across both curricula. The typological gap between “my servant David” (a future ruler typified by David’s name) and “seed of David” (physical Davidic lineage) must be preserved by the surrounding teaching note, not blurred into a claim of David’s literal return. |
| Ezekiel 18 (whole chapter) | Romans 2:6; 14:12; Galatians 6:5; 2 Corinthians 5:10 | Individual accountability before God | প্রাণ/ব্যক্তি (nephesh); ধার্মিকতা/ধার্মিক | ধার্মিকতা is reused exactly, but every Ezekiel 18 occurrence requires the mandatory divergence note (08_core_glossary.md Section C) distinguishing covenantal-behavioral righteousness (Ezekiel) from forensic, faith-received righteousness (Romans 4, quoting Genesis 15:6). |
| Ezekiel 34:25; 37:26 | Romans 5:1 (peace with God through justification) | Covenant peace | শান্তি (baseline); শান্তির নিয়ম (covenant of peace) | শান্তি itself must never be altered from the baseline rendering; the compound শান্তির নিয়ম must combine নিয়ম + শান্তি exactly, never substituting a synonym for either component. |
| Ezekiel 37:1-14, esp. v. 14 | Romans 8:11 (the Spirit who raised Jesus gives life to mortal bodies) | Spirit-given life/resurrection hope | আত্মা (আমার আত্মা for রוּחִי); পুনরুত্থান (baseline, NT resurrection only) | Ezekiel 37 uses আত্মা/প্রাণবায়ু/বায়ু across its three ruach-senses (see 07_semantic_analysis.md); NEVER retroject পুনরুত্থান onto Ezekiel’s own vocabulary — reserve পুনরুত্থান strictly for NT resurrection contexts, while the teaching note draws the Romans 8:11 connection explicitly. |
| Ezekiel 37:15-28 | Romans 3:29-30; 10:12; 11:17-24 (unity of Jew and Gentile; the olive tree) | One people made from two | নিয়ম-family vocabulary; no single fixed phrase yet exists for “two made one” | New teaching-note requirement: flag the shared “two-into-one” theological shape explicitly at both Ezekiel 37:15-28 and any Romans 11 material in this curriculum family, without asserting a direct quotation relationship (there is none) — this is thematic/typological, not textual, continuity. |
| Ezekiel 20:9,22; 36:22,32 | Romans 11:5-6 (grace, not works) | God acts for his own name/glory, not human merit | আমার নামের জন্য; অনুগ্রহ (baseline, unaltered) | আমার নামের জন্য must never be rendered in a way that implies God is repaying a merit; the mandatory teaching note ties this refrain explicitly to Romans 11:5-6’s grace-not-merit doctrine, reinforcing (not contradicting) the baseline’s grace doctrine. |
| Ezekiel 25-32 (nations oracles) | Romans 1:18-32; 2:1-16 (universal human accountability, judgment on all) | Universal divine judgment on sin | জাতি/জাতিগণ (NOT পরজাতি) | Reinforce at every occurrence: গোয়িম-nations under historical judgment (Ezekiel) must use জাতি/জাতিগণ, never the baseline’s inclusive-mission পরজাতি, to avoid implying these judgment oracles are addressed to the same “welcomed as fellow heirs” category as Romans’ Gentiles. |
| Ezekiel 47:22-23; 48:1-29 | Ephesians 2:19; 3:6; Galatians 3:28-29 | Inclusion of the outsider in the covenant inheritance | প্রবাসী/বিদেশী (গৈר) | Flag as thematically continuous with, though textually distinct from, the Romans-baseline’s unity_of_jews_and_gentiles doctrine; no shared fixed phrase, but the same doctrine tag should be applied in teaching materials. |
| Ezekiel 1; 8-11; 43 | Romans (no direct textual parallel); John 1:14; Revelation 21:3 | God’s manifest glory dwelling with his people | মহিমা (baseline, unaltered) | মহিমা must remain the single fixed term across all Ezekiel occurrences and any Romans/NT glory-of-Christ material in this curriculum family (Romans-baseline glory doctrine, deity_of_christ). |
| Ezekiel 40-48 (temple sacrifices) | Hebrews 10:1-14 (sacrifices as shadow, ended in Christ) | Sacrificial system and its fulfillment | হোমবলি/পাপার্থক বলি/ভক্ষ্য নৈবেদ্য | Flag as an unresolved doctrinal-interpretive tension (see §1 ch. 45-46 entry) requiring human theologian framing in teaching notes, not a translation-level harmonization. |
5. Fixed-Phrase / Quotation Rendering-Consistency Rules Summary
The following phrases must be rendered identically at every occurrence across the whole book, with the same discipline the Romans baseline applies to Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, and 10:9-10:
| # | Hebrew/Formula | Bengali (fixed) | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | יָדַע כִּי־אֲנִי יְהוָה (recognition formula) | তখন তোমরা/তারা জানবে যে আমিই সদাপ্রভু | 60+ occurrences throughout |
| 2 | כֹּה־אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה (messenger formula) | প্রভু সদাপ্রভু এই কথা বলেন | ~120 occurrences throughout |
| 3 | וְהָיוּ לִי לְעָם וַאֲנִי אֶהְיֶה לָהֶם לֵאלֹהִים (covenant formula) | আমি তাদের ঈশ্বর হব, এবং তারা আমার প্রজা হবে | 11:20; 36:28; 37:23,27 |
| 4 | לֵב חָדָש / רוּחַ חֲדָשָׁה (new heart/new spirit) | নতুন হৃদয় / নতুন আত্মা | 11:19; 18:31; 36:26 (preserve imperative/promissory mood distinction) |
| 5 | יַד־יְהוָה (hand of the LORD) | সদাপ্রভুর হাত | 1:3; 3:14; 8:1; 37:1; 40:1 |
| 6 | בֶּן־אָדָם (son of man, address to Ezekiel) | হে মানব / মনুষ্যপুত্র | 93 occurrences from ch. 2 onward, with standing translator note distinguishing from the NT Christological title |
| 7 | לְמַעַן שְׁמִי (for my name’s sake) | আমার নামের জন্য | 20:9,14,22,44; 36:22,32 |
| 8 | The כָּבוֹד departure/return narrative arc | মহিমা | 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 (departure); 43 (return); tracked as one continuous movement |
Appendix A — Bengali Book-Name Mapping for Citations Used in This Document
| English (used in this analysis) | Bengali (established Bengali Bible convention) |
|---|---|
| Ezekiel | যিহিষ্কেল |
| Genesis | আদিপুস্তক |
| Exodus | যাত্রাপুস্তক |
| Leviticus | লেবীয় পুস্তক |
| Numbers | গণনা পুস্তক |
| Deuteronomy | দ্বিতীয় বিবরণ |
| Joshua | যিহোশূয় |
| 1-2 Kings | ১-২ রাজাবলি |
| 2 Samuel | ২ শমূয়েল |
| 1 Chronicles | ১ বংশাবলি |
| Psalms | গীতসংহিতা |
| Isaiah | যিশাইয় |
| Jeremiah | যিরমিয় |
| Hosea | হোশেয় |
| Joel | যোয়েল |
| Amos | আমোষ |
| Obadiah | ওবদিয় |
| Micah | মীখা |
| Zechariah | সখরিয় |
| Malachi | মালাখি |
| Daniel | দানিয়েল |
| Matthew | মথি |
| Mark | মার্ক |
| Luke | লূক |
| John | যোহন |
| Acts | প্রেরিতদের কার্যবিবরণ |
| Romans | রোমীয় |
| 1-2 Corinthians | ১-২ করিন্থীয় |
| Galatians | গালাতীয় |
| Ephesians | ইফিষীয় |
| Philippians | ফিলিপীয় |
| Titus | তীত |
| 1-2 Timothy | ১-২ তীমথিয় |
| Hebrews | ইব্রীয় |
| 1-2 Peter | ১-২ পিতর |
| 1 John | ১ যোহন |
| Revelation | প্রকাশিত বাক্য |
Verse numbers remain Arabic numerals per the established house style (see 12_ai_translation_requirements.md, Cross-Reference Preservation Rules).