Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — Revelation (English → Bengali)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across the whole book of Revelation (chapters 1-22). It extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. Terms already fixed by the Romans baseline are marked Baseline Reuse and repeated here only for cross-reference completeness — their Romans-established rendering is authoritative and unchanged. New terms unique to Revelation’s apocalyptic vocabulary are marked New (Revelation) and are proposed for addition to translation memory in Phase 2 Step 1 loading.
A. Baseline Reuse Terms (Romans TM — cited here for completeness, unchanged)
| Term (EN) | Bengali Rendering | Risk (per baseline) | First Revelation Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | ঈশ্বর | Critical | 1:1 |
| Jesus | যীশু | Critical | 1:1 |
| Christ | খ্রীষ্ট | Critical | 1:1 |
| Lord | প্রভু | Critical | 1:8 |
| Holy Spirit | পবিত্র আত্মা | Critical | 1:4 |
| Father | পিতা | Critical | 1:6 |
| holy | পবিত্র | High | 3:7 |
| saints (holy people) | পবিত্র লোক | High | 5:8 |
| sanctification/holiness | পবিত্রীকরণ | High | 22:11 (implied) |
| salvation | পরিত্রাণ | Critical | 7:10 |
| grace | অনুগ্রহ | High | 1:4; 22:21 |
| faith / believe | বিশ্বাস | High | 2:13, 19; 13:10; 14:12 |
| righteousness | ধার্মিকতা | Critical | 19:8 (righteous deeds) |
| resurrection | পুনরুত্থান | Critical | 20:5-6 |
| glory | মহিমা | High | 1:6; 4:11; 21:11, 23 |
| church | মণ্ডলী | Medium | 1:4, 11, 20; chs. 2-3 |
| kingdom of God | ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য | Medium | 11:15; 12:10 |
| gospel | সুসমাচার | High | 14:6 |
| covenant | নিয়ম | High | (implied, new covenant fulfillment) |
| David | দায়ূদ | Medium | 3:7; 5:5; 22:16 |
| Israel | ইস্রায়েল | Medium | 2:14; 7:4; 21:12 |
| gentiles/nations | পরজাতি | Medium | 21:24, 26; 22:2 |
| sin | পাপ | High | 1:5; 18:4-5 |
| Amen | আমেন | Low | 1:6-7; 3:14; 22:20-21 |
| Alleluia | হাল্লিলূয়া | Low | 19:1, 3-4, 6 |
| prophet / prophecy | ভাববাদী / ভাববাণী | Low | 1:3; 10:7; 22:6-19 |
B. New Terms (Revelation) — Proposed Additions to Translation Memory
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) / Transliteration | Bengali Rendering | Doctrine | Risk | Rationale / Collision Note | Alternatives Rejected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lamb | ἀρνίον / arnion | মেষশিশু | Worship of the Lamb | High | Central Christological title (28x); must always carry both sacrificial and triumphant senses together | মেষশাবক (acceptable variant, but consistency across all 28 occurrences is the priority, not the specific word choice) |
| Almighty | παντοκράτωρ / pantokratōr | সর্বশক্তিমান | Sovereignty of God over History | High | Established Bengali Bible title despite containing the শক্তি root the Romans baseline avoids for “power of God” (dynamis); retained because no viable, recognizable substitute exists, but flagged for mandatory translator-note treatment on every occurrence | সর্বসমর্থ (unestablished, unnatural) |
| throne | θρόνος / thronos | সিংহাসন | Sovereignty of God over History | Medium | Pervasive divine-authority image; minor risk of enthroned-deity iconography association in illustrated materials | — |
| beast (sea/earth) | θηρίον / thērion | পশু | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | Medium-High | Must be kept distinct from ζῷα (“living creatures,” heavenly worshippers) — do not use the same Bengali word for both | জন্তু (acceptable synonym, but consistency required) |
| dragon | δράκων / drakōn | নাগ | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation; Assurance of Final Victory | Critical | Collides with Manasa Devi, the widely venerated Bengali folk-Hindu snake goddess (Manasa Puja, Manasamangal epic tradition); must always appear with the disambiguating apposition “প্রাচীন সাপ, দিয়াবল, শয়তান” the text itself supplies | দানব (loses serpent imagery); ড্রাগন (unfamiliar loanword, loses OT serpent echo) |
| (ancient) serpent | ὄφις / ophis | সাপ / সর্প | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | High | Ties to Genesis 3 narrative continuity; pair with নাগ per 12:9, 20:2 | — |
| Satan | Σατανᾶς / Satanas | শয়তান | Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | High | Shared lexeme with Bengali Muslim usage (shaitan/Iblis); broadly compatible as “cosmic adversary” but carries a distinct Islamic fall-narrative; contextual note recommended at doctrinally weighty occurrences | — |
| devil | διάβολος / diabolos | দিয়াবল | Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | Medium | Christian-specific transliterated term, lower collision risk than শয়তান; pair together per the text’s own double-naming | — |
| false prophet | ψευδοπροφήτης / pseudoprophētēs | ভণ্ড ভাববাদী | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | Medium | Reuses ভাববাদী (baseline); ভণ্ড supplies the negation | — |
| Babylon (the Great) | Βαβυλὼν (ἡ μεγάλη) / Babylōn | ব্যাবিলন (মহান ব্যাবিলন) | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | High | Requires explanatory note establishing symbolic (not literal geographic) referent given low ANE-historical literacy | — |
| Armageddon | Ἁρμαγεδών / Harmagedōn | হার্মাগিদোন | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | Low-Medium | Guard against literalist geo-political fixation in teaching notes | — |
| Alpha and Omega | Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ | আলফা ও ওমেগা | Sovereignty of God over History; Deity of Christ | Medium | Always pair with আদি ও অন্ত gloss; must render identically at 1:8; 21:6; 22:13 | — |
| First and Last | πρῶτος καὶ ἔσχατος | প্রথম ও শেষ | Deity of Christ | Medium | Distinguish from generic “first/former” (πρῶτος) uses elsewhere (e.g. 21:1, 4) | — |
| book of life | βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς | জীবন পুস্তক | Assurance of Salvation; Judgment/Vindication | High | Render identically at 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27 | — |
| tree of life | ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς | জীবন বৃক্ষ | New Heaven and New Earth | Medium | Render identically at 2:7; 22:2, 14, 19 | — |
| new Jerusalem | Ἱερουσαλὴμ καινή | নতুন যিরূশালেম | New Heaven and New Earth | High | যিরূশালেম is established proper-name form; requires note distinguishing symbolic-theological fulfillment from the modern political city, given contemporary sensitivities | — |
| bride | νύμφη / nymphē | বধূ | Church as Bride of Christ | High | Bengali wedding-ritual associations (kanyadan, bridal adornment) risk reducing the covenantal metaphor to decorative custom | কনে (more colloquial; acceptable secondary option, but consistency is the priority) |
| marriage of the Lamb | γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου | মেষশিশুর বিবাহ(-ভোজ) | Church as Bride of Christ | High | Same cultural-ritual sensitivity as বধূ above | — |
| overcomer / conquer | νικάω / nikaō | জয়ী হওয়া | Perseverance; Assurance of Final Victory | High | Repeated 8x refrain (chs.2-3) plus 21:7; must render identically every time; must not collapse into worldly military conquest or karma/siddhi “attainment” framing | বিজয়ী হওয়া (acceptable synonym, but pick one and apply consistently) |
| endurance / patient endurance | ὑπομονή / hypomonē | ধৈর্য | Perseverance | Medium | — | স্থিরতা |
| testimony | μαρτυρία / martyria | সাক্ষ্য | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | High | Legal/testimonial sense; root of the martyr-development below | — |
| witness / martyr | μάρτυς / martys | সাক্ষী | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | Critical | শহীদ (the Islamic-idiom martyrdom term, carrying a jihad/submission theology of merit) must NEVER be used; render as সাক্ষী throughout, with descriptive phrasing (“যে সাক্ষ্য দিতে দিতে প্রাণ দিয়েছে”) where the died-for-testimony sense must be made explicit | শহীদ (rejected — Critical) |
| worship | προσκυνέω / proskyneō | উপাসনা করা | Worship of the Lamb | Critical | পূজা করা must NEVER be used, for either true worship of God/the Lamb or false worship of the beast/image — পূজা is the specific ritual term for Hindu deity/idol worship (Durga/Kali/Lakshmi puja); the object of worship (not the verb) must carry the moral distinction | পূজা করা (rejected — Critical); প্রণাম করা (too weak, loses full worship sense) |
| elder (24 elders) | πρεσβύτερος / presbyteros | প্রাচীন | Worship of the Lamb; Sovereignty of God | Medium | — | — |
| living creatures | ζῷα / zōa | জীবন্ত প্রাণী | Worship of the Lamb | Low | Keep distinct from পশু (beast, θηρίον) | — |
| seven Spirits (of God) | ἑπτὰ πνεύματα τοῦ θεοῦ | সপ্ত আত্মা | Sovereignty of God; (Holy Spirit doctrine) | High | Mandatory note against polytheistic/multiplicity misreading; the one Holy Spirit’s sevenfold fullness | — |
| seal / sealing | σφραγίς, σφραγίζω | সীলমোহর / চিহ্নিত করা | Sovereignty of God; Perseverance | Medium | — | — |
| trumpet | σάλπιγξ / salpinx | তূরী | Sovereignty of God over History | Low | — | — |
| bowl | φιάλη / phialē | বাটি / পাত্র | Judgment of the Wicked | Low | — | — |
| wrath | ὀργή, θυμός | ক্রোধ | Judgment of the Wicked | High | Bengal’s wrathful-goddess devotional imagination (Kali, Durga) risks coloring divine wrath as capricious/appeasable; must be framed as righteous, judicial, non-ritual-appeasable | — |
| mark of the beast | χάραγμα / charagma | ছাপ / চিহ্ন | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | High | Keep distinct from σημεῖον (“sign,” → চিহ্ন/অলৌকিক চিহ্ন) to preserve the Greek text’s own terminological distinction | — |
| sign (apocalyptic) | σημεῖον / sēmeion | চিহ্ন / অলৌকিক চিহ্ন | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | Medium-High | See mark-of-the-beast note; establish this distinction in TM before Phase 2 | — |
| great tribulation | θλῖψις μεγάλη | মহাক্লেশ | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | High | — | — |
| symbolic numbers (144,000; 666; 1,260 days; 42 months; 7; 12) | ἀριθμός / arithmos | সংখ্যা (রূপক অর্থে) | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | High | Bengali folk numerology (জ্যোতিষ সংখ্যাতত্ত্ব) and folk-Islamic number-amulet practice risk superstitious/literalist misreading of these figures as magic numbers rather than theological symbols | — |
| thousand years / millennium | χίλια ἔτη | সহস্র বছর / হাজার বছর | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | Medium | Render as a neutral numeral phrase; do not embed a specific millennial interpretive scheme into the base translation | — |
| abyss / bottomless pit | ἄβυσσος / abyssos | অগাধ গহ্বর | Sovereignty of God; Symbolic Interpretation | High | AVOID পাতাল (Hindu Puranic nether-realm, associated with Nagas) | পাতাল (rejected for primary use — see Hades note) |
| Death and Hades | ᾍδης / Hadēs (paired with θάνατος) | মৃত্যু ও পাতাল (or মৃত্যুলোক) | Judgment of the Wicked; Sovereignty of God | High | পাতাল carries the same Puranic-cosmology collision risk as অগাধ গহ্বর above; a clarifying note or the alternative মৃত্যুলোক is recommended | — |
| lake of fire | λίμνη τοῦ πυρός | আগুনের হ্রদ | Judgment of the Wicked | High | Render identically at 19:20; 20:10, 14-15; 21:8 | — |
| second death | δεύτερος θάνατος | দ্বিতীয় মৃত্যু | Judgment of the Wicked | High | Render identically at 2:11; 20:6, 14; 21:8 | — |
| great white throne | θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας | শ্বেত মহাসিংহাসন | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | High | — | — |
| first resurrection | ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη | প্রথম পুনরুত্থান | Judgment/Vindication | Critical | Reuses পুনরুত্থান (baseline Critical); never পুনর্জন্ম; specific debated technical sub-phrase | — |
| reign (of Christ/saints) | βασιλεύω / basileuō | রাজত্ব করা | Return and Reign of Christ | High | Must convey God-given, shared sovereignty, not political/worldly dominion contest | — |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων | রাজাদের রাজা ও প্রভুদের প্রভু | Return and Reign of Christ; Lordship of Christ | Critical | Climactic extension of প্রভু (baseline Critical); must never be rendered as one honorific title among comparable religious/political figures | — |
| worthy | ἄξιος / axios | যোগ্য | Worship of the Lamb; Deity of Christ | High | Rev 4:11 (Father) and 5:9, 12 (Lamb) use identical language — deliberate parity claim must be preserved | — |
| scroll / book | βιβλίον / biblion | পুস্তক / গ্রন্থ | Sovereignty of God over History | Low-Medium | — | — |
| Lion of the tribe of Judah | λέων ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα | যিহূদা-বংশের সিংহ | Return and Reign of Christ | Medium | Messianic royal title (Genesis 49 fulfillment) | — |
| Root of David | ῥίζα Δαβίδ | দায়ূদের মূল | Return and Reign of Christ | High | Reuses দায়ূদ (baseline); same Davidic Covenant OT-background requirement as Romans’ দায়ূদের বংশ | — |
| Morning Star | ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός | প্রভাতী তারা | Return and Reign of Christ | Medium | Must not be conflated with South Asian astrology (জ্যোতিষ, horoscope-reading) | — |
| synagogue of Satan | συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ | শয়তানের সমাজগৃহ | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | High | Requires note preventing misreading as ethnic/communal condemnation of Judaism | — |
| lukewarm | χλιαρός / chliaros | কুসুম-গরম / উষ্ণ | Perseverance | Low | — | — |
| hidden manna | τὸ μάννα τὸ κεκρυμμένον | গুপ্ত মান্না | Assurance of Final Victory | Medium | Requires OT (Exodus) background note | — |
| white robe | στολή λευκή | শুভ্র বস্ত্র | Vindication of the Saints | Medium-High | Bengali cultural association of white clothing with mourning/widowhood/asceticism could invert the intended celebratory-victory sense | — |
| priest(s) | ἱερεύς / hiereus | যাজক | Worship of the Lamb (priesthood of all believers) | Medium-High | AVOID পুরোহিত (Hindu Brahmin priestly-caste term); same caste-hierarchy sensitivity as the Romans baseline’s Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine | পুরোহিত (rejected) |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου | মনুষ্যপুত্র | Return and Reign of Christ; Deity of Christ | High | Danielic judgment-authority title, not a claim of mere humanity | — |
| firstborn from the dead | πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν | মৃতগণের মধ্যে প্রথমজাত | Deity of Christ; Resurrection of Christ | High | Denotes rank/preeminence, not “first created” (guard against Arian misreading) | — |
| the One who is, was, and is to come | ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος | যিনি আছেন, যিনি ছিলেন এবং যিনি আসছেন | Sovereignty of God over History | High | Echoes the divine Name (Exodus 3:14); render with full clause structure | — |
| tabernacle / dwell (of God with man) | σκηνή, σκηνόω / skēnē, skēnoō | বাসস্থান / বসবাস করা | New Heaven and New Earth | High | Echoes OT tabernacle and John 1:14; do not flatten to generic “house” | — |
| temple / sanctuary | ναός / naos | মন্দির | Sovereignty of God over History; New Heaven and New Earth | Critical | Identical to the everyday Bengali word for a Hindu temple housing a deity’s image; at 21:22 the text’s entire point is the absence of any such structure, replaced by God’s/the Lamb’s direct presence — requires mandatory teaching-note mitigation to prevent an idol-housing misreading | — |
| idolater | εἰδωλολάτρης / eidōlolatrēs | মূর্তিপূজক | Judgment of the Wicked | Critical | The single greatest cultural-collision term in the book: names the literal, ordinary Bengali description of mainstream Hindu murti-worship practice; must be framed as a universal biblical category (displacing the Creator with any created image, cf. Romans 1:23), never as a targeted communal accusation | — |
| sorcerer | φαρμακός / pharmakos | যাদুকর | Judgment of the Wicked | High | Names a live, widespread rural-Bengal folk practice (tantra-mantra, ojha/fakir spirit-invocation); condemn the biblical category without pastorally mocking living neighbors’ practice | — |
| fornicator / sexually immoral | πόρνος / pornos | ব্যভিচারী | Judgment of the Wicked | Medium | Shares root with πόρνη (prostitute, of Babylon, ch.17) — note the wordplay | — |
| prostitute (of Babylon) | πόρνη / pornē | মহাবেশ্যা / মহাগণিকা | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | Medium-High | Frame as systemic/symbolic critique of empire, not commentary on individuals | — |
| liar | ψευδής / pseudēs | মিথ্যাবাদী | Judgment of the Wicked | Low | Deliberate antonym-pairing with ἀληθινός (“true”) | — |
| faithful and true | πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός | বিশ্বস্ত ও সত্য | Sovereignty of God; Return and Reign of Christ | High | Render identically at 19:11 and 21:5, 22:6 (consistency rule) | — |
| It is done | Γέγονεν / Gegonen | সম্পন্ন হলো | New Heaven and New Earth | High | Echoes τετέλεσται (John 19:30); check cross-document consistency if a John curriculum is produced | — |
| water of life | ὕδωρ τῆς ζωῆς | জীবন জল | New Heaven and New Earth | High | Render identically at 21:6; 22:1, 17; avoid conflating with ritual “sacred water” (tirtha jol) associations | — |
| freely / as a gift | δωρεάν / dōrean | অবাধে / বিনামূল্যে / অনুগ্রহে | Grace (extended into New Heaven and New Earth) | High | Reinforces অনুগ্রহ (baseline High); grace-not-merit contrast must be preserved | — |
| inherit / inheritance | κληρονομέω / klēronomeō | অধিকার / উত্তরাধিকার লাভ করা | Assurance of Final Victory; (Adoption doctrine echo) | High | Ties to Romans baseline’s দত্তকপুত্রতা (adoption/inheritance rights) framing | — |
| righteous deeds (of the saints) | δικαιώματα / dikaiōmata | পবিত্র লোকদের ধার্মিক কাজ | Church as Bride of Christ; (Justification doctrine guard-rail) | Critical | Must be distinguished from ধার্মিকতা (justifying righteousness received by faith, baseline Critical) to avoid implying salvation-by-works | — |
| harp | κιθάρα / kithara | বীণা | Worship of the Lamb | Medium | Minor association with the Hindu goddess Saraswati’s veena in devotional iconography; clarify generic worship-instrument sense | — |
| incense (= prayers of the saints) | θυμίαμα / thymiama | ধূপ | Worship of the Lamb | Critical | ধূপ is the literal incense of Hindu পূজা ritual; render only as an explicit simile (”…যেন ধূপের মতো ঈশ্বরের সামনে ওঠে”), never as a bare noun implying a sanctioned ritual-offering practice | — |
| crown (victor’s wreath) | στέφανος / stephanos | জয়মুকুট | Perseverance; Assurance of Final Victory | Medium | Distinguish from রাজমুকুট (royal diadem) below | — |
| diadem (royal crown) | διάδημα / diadēma | রাজমুকুট | Return and Reign of Christ; Symbolic Interpretation | Medium | Worn by both the dragon/beast (parody) and Christ (19:12, true) — distinguish from জয়মুকুট above; context must clarify which figure wears it | — |
| Michael (archangel) | Μιχαήλ / Michaēl | মীখায়েল | Sovereignty of God over History | Low | Proper name | — |
| Gog and Magog | Γωγ καὶ Μαγώγ | গোগ ও মাগোগ | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | Low-Medium | Requires Ezekiel OT-background note | — |
| woman clothed with the sun | γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον | সূর্য দিয়ে বেষ্টিত এক স্ত্রীলোক | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation; Church as Bride of Christ (typological link) | High | Corporate/symbolic figure (covenant people); avoid pure Marian identification and avoid Hindu solar-goddess iconography association | — |
| Word of God (title of Christ) | ὁ Λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ | ঈশ্বরের বচন | Deity of Christ | High | Cross-check against future John 1:1 rendering for terminological consistency | — |
| revelation / apocalypse | ἀποκάλυψις / apokalypsis | প্রত্যাদেশ | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation (genre-defining) | Medium | Disclosed divine truth, not occult/astrological prediction | — |
| blessed (beatitude refrain) | μακάριος / makarios | ধন্য | Perseverance; Assurance of Salvation | Medium | Recurs 7x as a structuring refrain across the book (1:3; 14:13; 16:15; 19:9; 20:6; 22:7, 14) | — |
| I am coming soon | ἔρχομαι ταχύ | আমি শীঘ্রই আসছি | Return and Reign of Christ | High | Render identically at 22:7, 12, 20; preserve certainty/imminence without hedging | — |
| Come, Lord Jesus | ἔρχου, κύριε Ἰησοῦ | প্রভু যীশু, আসুন | Return and Reign of Christ | High | Climactic devotional refrain; treat with the same verbatim-consistency discipline as Romans 10:9-10 | — |
C. Risk Summary (Revelation-specific New Terms)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 (dragon, witness/martyr, worship, first resurrection, King of kings/Lord of lords, temple/naos, idolater, righteous deeds, incense — 9 listed, see note | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 34 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 21 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 12 | Automated review |
Note: the Critical count intentionally lists 9 terms; table header retained at “8” reflects the original core cluster (dragon, witness/martyr, worship, first resurrection, King of kings/Lord of lords, temple/naos, idolater, incense) with righteous deeds (δικαιώματα) added as a doctrine-guard-rail Critical item discovered during core-passage-adjacent analysis (Rev 19:8) — both counts should be reconciled to 9 in the Phase 2 translation_memory.json update.
This glossary, together with 07_semantic_analysis.md, should be loaded alongside the existing Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 Revelation segment translation begins, per the pre-flight checklist established in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Christ
Approved rendering: খ্রীষ্ট
Transliteration: Khrishto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: মশীহ, অবতার পুরুষ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (baseline key ‘messiah’). Never মশীহ outside explicitly Muslim-background outreach materials with qualification, and never অবতার পুরুষ.
Dragon
Approved rendering: নাগ
Transliteration: Nag
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict with Satan
Rejected alternatives: দানব, ড্রাগন
Original: δράκων
Category: Cosmic Conflict
NEW (Revelation). Collides directly with Manasa Devi, the widely venerated Bengali folk-Hindu serpent goddess (Manasa Puja, Manasamangal epic tradition). Never leave নাগ standing alone — always retain the full triple apposition the text itself supplies at 12:9 and 20:2 (‘that ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan’). Route every occurrence (12:3-17; 13:2, 4, 11; 16:13; 20:2) to human theologian review.
Father
Approved rendering: পিতা
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্মা, সৃষ্টিকর্তা
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never a Hindu creator-deity name.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: প্রথম পুনরুত্থান
Transliteration: Prothom punorutthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and the Saints
Rejected alternatives: প্রথম পুনর্জন্ম
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology
NEW (Revelation). Specific, debated technical sub-phrase (20:5-6). Reuses the Critical-risk baseline root পুনরুত্থান. Never পুনর্জন্ম. Flag for theologian review regardless of millennial interpretive position.
God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বর
Transliteration: Ishshor
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: ভগবান, আল্লাহ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ভগবান (Hindu bhakti devotional address) or আল্লাহ (Islamic-idiom). Revelation intensifies the term’s load through সর্বশক্তিমান ঈশ্বর and God’s direct, unmediated dwelling with his people (21:3, 22).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: পবিত্র আত্মা
Transliteration: Pobitro Attha
Doctrine: Sanctification / Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: ব্রহ্ম, পরমাত্মা
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ব্রহ্ম or পরমাত্মা. The ‘seven Spirits of God’ (1:4; 4:5; 5:6) is this same one Spirit in sevenfold symbolic completeness — see seven_spirits_of_god entry below.
Idolater
Approved rendering: মূর্তিপূজক
Transliteration: Murtipujok
Doctrine: Idolatry and False Worship
Original: εἰδωλολάτρης
Category: Sin
NEW (Revelation). The single greatest cultural-collision term in the book: the literal, ordinary Bengali description of mainstream Hindu murti-based worship (9:20; 21:8; 22:15). Every occurrence requires a teaching note stating this is a universal biblical category (cf. Romans 1:23), never a targeted communal accusation. Route to human theologian review.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: আরোপিত ধার্মিকতা
Transliteration: Aropito dharmikota
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: অর্জিত ধার্মিকতা
Inherited from Romans package. Retained as the doctrinal contrast term against which righteous_deeds (19:8) must be read: credited, not earned.
Incense
Approved rendering: ধূপ
Transliteration: Dhup
Doctrine: Prayers of the Saints as Incense
Original: θυμίαμα
Category: Worship
NEW (Revelation). ধূপ is the literal, everyday Bengali word for incense burned in Hindu পূজা ritual. Render only as an explicit simile (‘পবিত্র লোকদের প্রার্থনা যেন ধূপের মতো ঈশ্বরের সামনে ওঠে’), never as a bare noun implying a sanctioned ritual-offering practice (5:8; 8:3-4). Route to human theologian review.
Jesus
Approved rendering: যীশু
Transliteration: Jishu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ঈসা
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never ঈসা, the Qur’anic/Muslim-idiom name carrying a distinct, non-divine, non-crucified Christology.
Justification
Approved rendering: ধার্মিক বলে গণ্য হওয়া
Transliteration: Dharmik bole gonyo howa
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ক্ষমা পাওয়া, পুণ্য লাভ করা
Inherited from Romans package. Background term guarding against a works-based misreading of righteous_deeds (19:8).
King Of Kings And Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: রাজাদের রাজা ও প্রভুদের প্রভু
Transliteration: Rajader raja o provuder provu
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ / Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: একটি সম্মানসূচক উপাধি (one honorific among several)
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Climactic, unqualified assertion of Christ’s supreme sovereignty (17:14; 19:16). Must never be rendered as a title shared among comparable religious or political figures (pir, guru, avatar, রাজাধিরাজ). Route every occurrence to human theologian review.
Lord
Approved rendering: প্রভু
Transliteration: Provu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: মালিক, ঈশ্বর
Original: κύριος
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Must convey exclusive, supreme Lordship at every occurrence, including the climactic compound title রাজাদের রাজা ও প্রভুদের প্রভু (17:14; 19:16).
Overcomers Son
Approved rendering: পুত্র
Transliteration: Putro
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ Distinguished from Believers’ Adoption
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বরের পুত্র (must never be used for this generic, adoptive sense)
NEW (Revelation). Revelation 21:7 applies the plain word υἱός/পুত্র to the overcomer’s adoptive sonship, NOT Christ’s unique, eternal Sonship (ঈশ্বরের পুত্র). Mandatory translator note required at this verse: this ‘son’ means the believer’s adoptive sonship (দত্তকপুত্রতা), not Christ’s exclusive divine Sonship — critical given Muslim-background readers primed to hear ‘Son of God’ claims as either blasphemous or metaphorical. Route to human theologian review.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: পুনরুত্থান
Transliteration: Punorutthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and the Saints
Rejected alternatives: পুনর্জন্ম, পুনর্জীবন
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER পুনর্জন্ম (reincarnation). Governs Christ’s own resurrection (1:5, 17-18) and the saints’ resurrection (20:4-6).
Righteous Deeds
Approved rendering: পবিত্র লোকদের ধার্মিক কাজ
Transliteration: Pobitro lokder dharmik kaj
Doctrine: Holiness and Purity of the Redeemed
Original: τὰ δικαιώματα
Category: Salvation
NEW (Revelation). The bride’s ‘fine linen’ (19:8). Shares the ধার্মিক root with the Critical-risk baseline ধার্মিকতা but must be carefully distinguished from it — the fruit of a righteousness already received by faith, never its ground. Mandatory translator note required.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ধার্মিকতা
Transliteration: Dharmikota
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ধর্ম, পুণ্য, ন্যায়
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ধর্ম. Must be carefully distinguished from righteous_deeds (19:8, plural concrete acts) which is the fruit, not the ground, of this justifying righteousness.
Salvation
Approved rendering: পরিত্রাণ
Transliteration: Poritran
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, নাজাত
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER মুক্তি, মোক্ষ, or নাজাত. Celebrated in the heavenly liturgy (7:10; 12:10; 19:1).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের পুত্র
Transliteration: Ishshorer Putro
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: দেবপুত্র, ঈশ্বরের অংশ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved exclusively for Christ’s eternal, unique, co-equal Sonship (implied throughout; explicit at 2:18). Never used for the believer’s adoptive sonship — see overcomers_son entry for the mandatory disambiguation required at 21:7.
Temple
Approved rendering: মন্দির
Transliteration: Mondir
Doctrine: Temple and Divine Presence
Original: ναός
Category: Eschatology
NEW (Revelation). Identical to the everyday Bengali word for a Hindu temple housing a deity’s murti. Necessary in most contexts (11:1-2, 19; 15:5-8) as the established rendering, but at 21:22 the text’s entire theological point is the ABSENCE of any such structure, replaced by God’s/the Lamb’s direct presence. Mandatory teaching-note mitigation required at 21:22. Route to human theologian review.
Witness Martyr
Approved rendering: সাক্ষী
Transliteration: Shakkhi
Doctrine: Martyrdom and Testimony
Rejected alternatives: শহীদ
Original: μάρτυς
Category: Perseverance
NEW (Revelation). The Bengali word শহীদ must NEVER be used — it is the specific Islamic-idiom martyrdom term (dying in submission/jihad, carrying a merit-toward-judgment theology) fundamentally different from dying while testifying to Christ’s finished work. Render as সাক্ষী throughout; where the ‘died for it’ sense is explicit, use ‘যে সাক্ষ্য দিতে দিতে প্রাণ দিয়েছে’ rather than a single loaded noun.
Worship
Approved rendering: উপাসনা করা
Transliteration: Upasona kora
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb / Idolatry and False Worship
Rejected alternatives: পূজা করা, প্রণাম করা
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
NEW (Revelation). পূজা করা must NEVER be used in either direction (true worship of God/Lamb or false worship of the beast/image) because পূজা is the specific, ritually loaded Bengali word for Hindu deity worship (Durga/Kali/Lakshmi puja). The object of worship (ঈশ্বর/মেষশিশু vs. পশু/প্রতিমা), not the verb, carries the moral distinction. Route every occurrence to human theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Abyss
Approved rendering: অগাধ গহ্বর
Transliteration: Ogadh gohbor
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: পাতাল
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Judgment
NEW (Revelation). Confining prison of demonic powers under God’s sovereign control (9:1-2, 11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1, 3). AVOID পাতাল, the Hindu Puranic Naga-associated nether realm.
Adoption
Approved rendering: দত্তকপুত্রতা
Transliteration: Dattaka-putrota
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: দত্তক নেওয়া
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the inheritance-rights framing of Revelation 21:7’s ‘he will be my son’ (overcomer’s adoptive sonship, distinct from Christ’s unique Sonship — see overcomers_son entry).
Almighty
Approved rendering: সর্বশক্তিমান
Transliteration: Sarboshoktiman
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: সর্বসমর্থ
Original: παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
NEW (Revelation). Retained as the deeply established Bengali Bible title for παντοκράτωρ (1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7, 14; 19:6, 15; 21:22) despite containing the শক্তি root the Romans baseline forbids for God’s saving power (see power_of_god). No viable, recognizable substitute exists. Mandatory translator note required at every occurrence affirming personal, historical sovereignty, never a goddess-associated (Durga/Kali/Shakta) power-force. Never place in direct apposition with সামর্থ্য so the two roots do not visually reinforce each other.
Babylon The Great
Approved rendering: মহান ব্যাবিলন
Transliteration: Mohan Byabilon
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW (Revelation). Symbolic name for idolatrous, oppressive world-power systems, not literal ancient/modern Iraq (14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2, 10, 21). Requires explanatory note given low OT/ANE literacy.
Beast
Approved rendering: পশু
Transliteration: Poshu
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation / Persecution by Civil and Religious Power
Rejected alternatives: জন্তু
Original: θηρίον
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW (Revelation). Symbolic embodiment of oppressive, idolatrous power (chs. 13, 17, 19-20). Must be kept lexically distinct from জীবন্ত প্রাণী (living_creatures) to preserve the deliberate Greek contrast between benevolent heavenly beings and the malevolent beast.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: জীবন পুস্তক
Transliteration: Jibon pustok
Doctrine: Book of Life and Final Accounting
Original: τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW (Revelation). Render identically at 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27.
Bride
Approved rendering: বধূ
Transliteration: Bodhu
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: কনে
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church
NEW (Revelation). Covenantal, exclusive, loving union with Christ (19:7; 21:2, 9; 22:17). Must be framed against reduction to কন্যাদান wedding-ritual transaction or Radha-Krishna bhakti erotic-devotional framing.
Come Lord Jesus
Approved rendering: প্রভু যীশু, আসুন
Transliteration: Provu Jishu, ashun
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἔρχου, κύριε Ἰησοῦ
Category: Return and Reign of Christ
NEW (Revelation). The Church’s climactic liturgical response (22:20), combining আমেন, প্রভু, and যীশু. Treat with the same verbatim-consistency discipline the baseline applies to Romans 10:9-10.
Covenant
Approved rendering: নিয়ম
Transliteration: Niyom
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant / Covenant Presence of God
Rejected alternatives: চুক্তি, অঙ্গীকার
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package.
Death And Hades
Approved rendering: মৃত্যু ও পাতাল
Transliteration: Mrityu o Patal
Doctrine: Second Death and Eternal Separation
Rejected alternatives: মৃত্যু ও মৃত্যুলোক (lower-collision alternative under consideration)
Original: ὁ θάνατος καὶ ὁ ᾍδης
Category: Judgment
NEW (Revelation). Personified powers of death (1:18; 20:13-14). পাতাল carries Puranic-cosmology freight (a permanent Naga-associated nether realm); biblical Hades is a defeated, temporary power. Clarifying note or the alternative মৃত্যুলোক recommended.
Death General
Approved rendering: মৃত্যু
Transliteration: Mrityu
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θάνατος
Category: Eschatology
NEW (Revelation). Death’s final, complete abolition (21:4). Low-risk vocabulary, doctrinally High: must be kept distinct from পুনরুত্থান and দ্বিতীয় মৃত্যু.
Eternal Gospel
Approved rendering: অনন্ত সুসমাচার
Transliteration: Anonto Susomachar
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation to All Nations
NEW (Revelation). Reuses baseline সুসমাচার (14:6-7). Reinforces this is the same gospel of Romans 1:16, not a different end-times message.
Faith
Approved rendering: বিশ্বাস
Transliteration: Bishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ঈমান, শ্রদ্ধা
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ maintained under persecution, the defining mark of the saints (2:13, 19; 13:10; 14:12).
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: বিশ্বস্ত ও সত্য
Transliteration: Bishwosto o shotyo
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History / Return and Reign of Christ
Original: πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Title of God’s words (21:5) and of Christ himself (19:11). Render identically at 19:11; 21:5; 22:6.
Faithful Witness Title
Approved rendering: বিশ্বস্ত সাক্ষী
Transliteration: Bishwosto Shakkhi
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὁ μάρτυς ὁ πιστός
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Christ’s own title (1:5; 3:14), setting the pattern believers imitate under persecution.
Firstborn From The Dead
Approved rendering: মৃতগণের মধ্যে প্রথমজাত
Transliteration: Mritoganer moddhe prothomjat
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and the Saints
Original: πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Christ’s resurrection preeminence and inheritance-rank (1:5). Must not be read as ‘first created being’ (Arian-adjacent misreading).
Freely As A Gift
Approved rendering: বিনামূল্যে
Transliteration: Binamulye
Doctrine: Grace and the Free Gift of Salvation
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
NEW (Revelation). Given without cost or merit (21:6; 22:17). Pair with অনুগ্রহে to preserve the grace-not-merit contrast.
Glory
Approved rendering: মহিমা
Transliteration: Mohima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতি, তেজ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never তেজ. God’s and the Lamb’s radiant honor and presence, the light source of the New Jerusalem (1:6; 4:11; 21:11, 23-24).
Gospel
Approved rendering: সুসমাচার
Transliteration: Susomachar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: খুশ খবর, ইঞ্জিল
Inherited from Romans package. Never ইঞ্জিল. Underlies the ‘eternal gospel’ of 14:6 — see eternal_gospel entry.
Grace
Approved rendering: অনুগ্রহ
Transliteration: Anugroho
Doctrine: Grace and the Free Gift of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: কৃপা, পুণ্য, ভাগ্য
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Frames the book’s opening greeting (1:4) and closing benediction (22:21); reinforced at the free gift of the water of life (21:6; 22:17) — see freely_as_a_gift entry.
Great Tribulation
Approved rendering: মহাক্লেশ
Transliteration: Mohaklesh
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις μεγάλη
Category: Perseverance
NEW (Revelation). Intense period of suffering (2:22; 7:14). Avoid vocabulary suggesting a merit-earning ordeal.
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: শ্বেত মহাসিংহাসন
Transliteration: Shweto mohashinghason
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας
Category: Judgment
NEW (Revelation). Final, universal judgment scene (20:11).
Harvest And Winepress Of Wrath
Approved rendering: শস্য কাটা ও ঈশ্বরের ক্রোধের আঙুর মাড়াইয়ের কল
Transliteration: Shoshyo kata o Ishshorer krodher angur maraiyer kol
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
NEW (Revelation). Final judgment pictured as agricultural harvest and wine-treading (14:14-20). Concrete agrarian imagery, low lexical collision, but doctrinally High given the wrath term it carries.
Holy
Approved rendering: পবিত্র
Transliteration: Pobitro
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুচি, নির্মল
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout the Trisagion (4:8) and holiness vocabulary across Revelation.
I Am Coming Soon
Approved rendering: আমি শীঘ্রই আসছি
Transliteration: Ami shighroi aschi
Doctrine: Imminence and Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἔρχομαι ταχύ
Category: Return and Reign of Christ
NEW (Revelation). Render identically at every occurrence (22:7, 12, 20). Certainty and imminence must never be hedged or softened despite the long historical delay.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: অধিকার লাভ করা
Transliteration: Odhikar labh kora
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: κληρονομέω
Category: Salvation
NEW (Revelation). Receiving the new creation as heir by covenant relationship, not merit (21:7). Echoes দত্তকপুত্রতা (adoption).
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: আগুনের হ্রদ
Transliteration: Aguner hrod
Doctrine: Second Death and Eternal Separation
Rejected alternatives: নরক (as a loose synonym)
Original: ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός
Category: Judgment
NEW (Revelation). Render identically at 19:20; 20:10, 14-15; 21:8. Avoid a vague ‘hell’ synonym that flattens Revelation’s specific imagery.
Lamb
Approved rendering: মেষশিশু
Transliteration: Meshoshishu
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: মেষশাবক
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Dominant Christological title (28 occurrences). Must always carry both the sacrificial (slain) and triumphant (worthy of worship, ruling) senses together (5:5-6). Render identically at every occurrence.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: ছাপ
Transliteration: Chhap
Doctrine: Idolatry and False Worship
Rejected alternatives: চিহ্ন (rejected as an interchangeable substitute)
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW (Revelation). Symbolic sign of allegiance to the beast (13:16-17; 14:9, 11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4), contrasted with God’s seal on the 144,000. Must be kept lexically distinct from চিহ্ন (sign_apocalyptic).
Marriage Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: মেষশিশুর বিবাহ-ভোজ
Transliteration: Meshoshishur bibaho-bhoj
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
NEW (Revelation). Consummation of the Bride doctrine (19:7, 9). Same cultural-ritual sensitivity as বধূ.
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: নতুন যিরূশালেম
Transliteration: Notun Jirushalem
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: Eschatology
NEW (Revelation). যিরূশালেম is the established Bengali Bible proper-name form. Requires an explanatory note distinguishing symbolic-theological fulfillment from the modern city of Jerusalem/Israel, given political sensitivity in both Bangladesh and West Bengal (3:12; 21:2, 10).
New
Approved rendering: নতুন
Transliteration: Notun
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινός
Category: Eschatology
NEW (Revelation). Qualitatively new (καινός), not merely recent (νέος) — 21:1-2, 5; 5:9; 2:17. Bengali নতুন does not itself distinguish the two senses. Mandatory translator note at first occurrence (21:1) establishing re-creation, not renovation or cyclical yuga-renewal. Consider সম্পূর্ণ নতুন (‘wholly new’) as a reinforcing modifier at 21:1, 5.
Number Of The Beast
Approved rendering: পশুর সংখ্যা, ৬৬৬
Transliteration: Poshur shonkhya, 666
Doctrine: Symbolic Numerology
Original: ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου, χξϛ
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW (Revelation). Symbolic (gematria-based) designation, not a literal ID/barcode (13:17-18). Guard against Bengali folk-numerology (জ্যোতিষ) and folk-Islamic number-amulet literalism.
One Who Is Was And Is To Come
Approved rendering: যিনি আছেন, যিনি ছিলেন এবং যিনি আসছেন
Transliteration: Jini achen, jini chilen ebong jini aschen
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত রূপ (any shortened form)
Original: ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος
Category: God
NEW (Revelation). Echoes the divine Name of Exodus 3:14/LXX (1:4, 8; 4:8). Render with the full clause structure; never abbreviate.
Overcomer
Approved rendering: জয়ী হওয়া
Transliteration: Joyi howa
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: বিজয়ী হওয়া
Original: ὁ νικῶν
Category: Perseverance
NEW (Revelation). Render identically at every occurrence (2:7, 11, 17, 26; 3:5, 12, 21; 21:7). Must not be softened into worldly military conquest, nor a karma/siddhi ‘spiritual attainment through effort’ framing; victory is granted, grounded in Christ’s own prior victory (5:5; 17:14).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের সামর্থ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer shamorthyo
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: শক্তি
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER শক্তি. Retained here specifically as the doctrinal contrast term against which সর্বশক্তিমান (Almighty, below) must be understood — Revelation’s Almighty title unavoidably contains the শক্তি root this baseline term forbids; see almighty entry for the required mitigation.
Priest
Approved rendering: যাজক
Transliteration: Jajok
Doctrine: Priesthood of Believers
Rejected alternatives: পুরোহিত
Original: ἱερεύς
Category: Church
NEW (Revelation). Never পুরোহিত (Hindu Brahmin priestly-caste term). Every believer’s direct priestly access, not a clerical elite (1:6; 5:10; 20:6).
Prostitute Babylon
Approved rendering: মহাবেশ্যা
Transliteration: Mohabeshya
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: মহাগণিকা
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW (Revelation). Personification of systemic idolatry embodied in Babylon (17:1, 5, 15-16; 19:2). Frame as systemic/symbolic critique of empire, never commentary on any individual or group of women.
Reign
Approved rendering: রাজত্ব করা
Transliteration: Rajotto kora
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεύω
Category: Return and Reign of Christ
NEW (Revelation). Christ’s/the saints’ shared, granted royal rule (11:15, 17; 20:4, 6; 22:5). Must convey God-given sovereignty, never a rival or independently achieved political dominion; qualify with ঈশ্বরের দেওয়া or খ্রীষ্টের সাথে where natural.
Root Of David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদের মূল
Transliteration: Dayuder mul
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: ἡ ῥίζα Δαβίδ
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Messianic title fulfilling the Davidic covenant promise (5:5; 22:16). Same OT-background requirement as দায়ূদের বংশ.
Saints
Approved rendering: পবিত্র লোক
Transliteration: Pobitro Lok
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: সাধু, সাধুগণ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never সাধু/সাধুগণ, which evokes a Hindu or Jain wandering ascetic. All believers, a corporate designation (5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: পবিত্রীকরণ
Transliteration: Pobitrikoron
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: শুদ্ধিকরণ
Inherited from Romans package.
Satan
Approved rendering: শয়তান
Transliteration: Shoytan
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict with Satan
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Cosmic Conflict
NEW (Revelation). Shared lexeme with Bengali Muslim usage (shaitan/Iblis); broadly compatible as ‘cosmic adversary’ but carries a distinct Islamic fall-narrative. Contextual note advisable at doctrinally weighty occurrences (2:9, 13, 24; 3:9; 12:9; 20:2, 7).
Second Death
Approved rendering: দ্বিতীয় মৃত্যু
Transliteration: Dwitiyo mrityu
Doctrine: Second Death and Eternal Separation
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
NEW (Revelation). Final, eternal separation from God (2:11; 20:6, 14; 21:8). Render identically at every occurrence.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদের বংশ
Transliteration: Dayuder bongsho
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Background term for the Davidic-lineage imagery underlying root_of_david and lion_of_the_tribe_of_judah below.
Serpent
Approved rendering: সেই প্রাচীন সাপ
Transliteration: Shei prachin shap
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict with Satan
Original: ὄφις
Category: Cosmic Conflict
NEW (Revelation). Identifies the dragon with the Genesis 3 serpent (12:9, 14-15; 20:2). Must be paired with নাগ per the dragon entry’s mandatory mitigation.
Seven Spirits Of God
Approved rendering: সপ্ত আত্মা
Transliteration: Shopto Attha
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ἑπτὰ πνεύματα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: God
NEW (Revelation). Symbolic sevenfold-complete representation of the one Holy Spirit (1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6). Mandatory note required at every occurrence to prevent a polytheistic/multiplicity misreading.
Sin
Approved rendering: পাপ
Transliteration: Pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: অধর্ম, অশুচিতা
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 1:5; 18:4-5.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: মনুষ্যপুত্র
Transliteration: Monushyoputro
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Danielic (Dan 7:13) title of end-time judgment authority (1:13; 14:14). Must not be flattened to ‘a human being.‘
Sorcerer
Approved rendering: যাদুকর
Transliteration: Jadukor
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: φαρμακός
Category: Sin
NEW (Revelation). Names a live, widespread rural-Bengal folk practice (তন্ত্র-মন্ত্র, ওঝা/ফকির spirit-invocation, charms/amulets) — 9:21; 21:8; 22:15. Condemn the biblical category without pastorally mocking living neighbors’ practice.
Symbolic Numbers 144000
Approved rendering: ১,৪৪,০০০
Transliteration: 144,000
Doctrine: Symbolic Numerology / Sealing and Protection of Believers
Original: ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW (Revelation). Symbolic covenant-completeness (7:4; 14:1, 3), not a literal exclusive census figure — the immediately following ‘great multitude…from every nation’ (7:9) confirms this.
Synagogue Of Satan
Approved rendering: শয়তানের সমাজগৃহ
Transliteration: Shoytaner shomajgriho
Doctrine: Persecution by Civil and Religious Power
Original: συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Perseverance
NEW (Revelation). Self-professed religious claimants opposing the true faith (2:9; 3:9). Requires an explanatory note preventing misreading as ethnic/communal condemnation of Jewish identity.
Tabernacle Dwell
Approved rendering: বসবাস করা
Transliteration: Boshobash kora
Doctrine: Covenant Presence of God
Rejected alternatives: ঘর করা
Original: σκηνή / σκηνόω
Category: Eschatology
NEW (Revelation). God’s abiding presence, echoing the OT tabernacle and John 1:14 (7:15; 21:3). A flattened ‘house’ (ঘর) rendering loses the tabernacle echo; mandatory background note required.
Testimony
Approved rendering: সাক্ষ্য
Transliteration: Shakkhyo
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μαρτυρία
Category: Perseverance
NEW (Revelation). Legal/testimonial noun form underlying witness_martyr below (1:2, 9; 6:9; 12:11, 17; 19:10; 20:4).
Throne Of God And Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের ও মেষশিশুর সিংহাসন
Transliteration: Ishshorer o Meshoshishur shinghason
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: দুটি সিংহাসন (two separate thrones)
NEW (Revelation). A single, shared throne (22:1, 3) — a deliberate grammatical assertion of Christ’s co-equal deity. Must never be smoothed into two separate thrones.
Warning Against Altering Prophecy
Approved rendering: ভাববাণীতে যোগ বা বাদ না দেওয়ার সতর্কবাণী
Transliteration: Bhabbanite jog ba bad na deoar shotorkobani
Doctrine: Inspiration and Closure of Scripture
Original: ἐάν τις ἐπιθῇ…ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ
Category: Inspiration of Scripture
NEW (Revelation). Canonical-closure warning specific to this book (22:18-19). Must not be generalized to imply a ban on all extra-biblical writing or interpretation; the referent is this specific prophecy/scroll.
Water Of Life
Approved rendering: জীবন জল
Transliteration: Jibon jol
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: তীর্থের জল
Original: τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
NEW (Revelation). Render identically at 21:6; 22:1, 17. Never conflate with তীর্থের জল (ritually efficacious ‘sacred water,’ e.g. Ganga jal); this is a free gift, not a ritual substance.
White Robe
Approved rendering: শুভ্র বস্ত্র
Transliteration: Shubhro bostro
Doctrine: Holiness and Purity of the Redeemed
NEW (Revelation). Purity and victory granted, not self-achieved (6:11; 7:9, 13-14; 19:8). Bengali white-clothing associations (widow’s mourning dress, ascetic renunciate’s garb) risk inverting the celebratory-victory sense; clarifying note recommended.
Woman Clothed With Sun
Approved rendering: সূর্য দিয়ে বেষ্টিত এক স্ত্রীলোক
Transliteration: Shurjo diye bestito ek strilok
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW (Revelation). Symbolic/corporate figure representing the covenant people (12:1). Requires a note preventing a pure Marian identification without qualification and preventing confusion with Bengali solar/lunar-adorned goddess iconography.
Word Of God Title
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের বচন
Transliteration: Ishshorer bochon
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Christ’s identity as God’s self-revealing Word, rider on the white horse (19:13). Cross-check against any future John 1:1 rendering for terminological consistency.
Worthy
Approved rendering: যোগ্য
Transliteration: Jogyo
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Rev 4:11 (Father) and 5:9, 12 (Lamb) use identical language — a deliberate worship-parity claim that must not be diluted.
Wrath
Approved rendering: ক্রোধ
Transliteration: Krodh
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Holiness
Original: ὀργή / θυμός
Category: Judgment
NEW (Revelation). God’s/the Lamb’s righteous, judicial anger (6:16-17; 14:10, 19; 16:1, 19; 19:15). Bengal’s wrathful-goddess devotional imagination (Kali, Durga) risks coloring ক্রোধ as capricious/appeasable; frame as righteous, judicial, non-ritual-appeasable, never gendered.
Medium Risk Terms
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: আলফা ও ওমেগা
Transliteration: Alfa o Omega
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History / Deity of Christ
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ
Category: God
NEW (Revelation). Retain the transliterated Greek letter-names, always paired with the gloss আদি ও অন্ত (beginning and end). Render identically at 1:8; 21:6; 22:13.
Apostle
Approved rendering: প্রেরিত
Transliteration: Prerito
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: দূত, বার্তাবাহক
Inherited from Romans package. Used of the twelve names on the New Jerusalem’s foundations (21:14) and ‘saints and apostles and prophets’ (18:20).
Blessed
Approved rendering: ধন্য
Transliteration: Dhonyo
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μακάριος
Category: Worship
NEW (Revelation). Beatitude refrain structuring the book (1:3; 14:13; 16:15; 19:9; 20:6; 22:7, 14).
Church
Approved rendering: মণ্ডলী
Transliteration: Mondoli
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: মন্দির, গির্জা
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never মন্দির. গির্জা acceptable only for the physical building. Addresses the seven local congregations (chs. 2-3) and the corporate Bride (chs. 19, 21).
Come Out Of Her My People
Approved rendering: তার মধ্য থেকে বেরিয়ে আসো, আমার প্রজাগণ
Transliteration: Tar moddhyo theke beriye asho, amar projagon
Doctrine: Persecution by Civil and Religious Power
NEW (Revelation). Call to moral/spiritual separation from complicity in idolatrous systems (18:4). Pastoral care needed to avoid implying literal geographic relocation.
Crown Victors Wreath
Approved rendering: জয়মুকুট
Transliteration: Joymukut
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: στέφανος
Category: Perseverance
NEW (Revelation). Victor’s wreath given to the faithful overcomer (2:10; 3:11; 4:4, 10). Distinguish from রাজমুকুট (diadem).
David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদ
Transliteration: Dayud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαβίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 3:7; 5:5; 22:16 (Root/Key of David).
Devil
Approved rendering: দিয়াবল
Transliteration: Diyabol
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict with Satan
Original: διάβολος
Category: Cosmic Conflict
NEW (Revelation). Christian-specific transliterated term, lower collision risk than শয়তান; pair together per the text’s own double-naming (2:10; 12:9, 12; 20:2, 10).
Diadem
Approved rendering: রাজমুকুট
Transliteration: Rajmukut
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: διάδημα
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW (Revelation). Royal crown, worn by both the dragon/beast (parody, 12:3; 13:1) and Christ (true, 19:12). Distinguish from জয়মুকুট (crown_victors_wreath); context must clarify which figure wears it.
Elder
Approved rendering: প্রাচীন
Transliteration: Prachin
Doctrine: Heavenly Worship Liturgy
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW (Revelation). The twenty-four elders (4:4, 10; 5:5-14; 11:16; 19:4).
Endurance
Approved rendering: ধৈর্য
Transliteration: Dhoirjo
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: স্থিরতা
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
NEW (Revelation). Patient endurance under trial (1:9; 2:2-3, 19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12).
False Prophet
Approved rendering: ভণ্ড ভাববাদী
Transliteration: Bhondo bhabbadi
Doctrine: Persecution by Civil and Religious Power
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Cosmic Conflict
NEW (Revelation). Reuses baseline ভাববাদী with ভণ্ড negating it (16:13; 19:20; 20:10).
First And Last
Approved rendering: প্রথম ও শেষ
Transliteration: Prothom o Shesh
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Christ’s self-designation of eternal preeminence (1:17; 2:8; 22:13). Must be distinguished from the ordinary adjective প্রথম (‘former’) used of the old heaven/earth at 21:1, 4.
Fornicator
Approved rendering: ব্যভিচারী
Transliteration: Bebhichari
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: πόρνος
Category: Sin
NEW (Revelation). Sexually immoral (21:8; 22:15). Shares root with prostitute_babylon — note the wordplay.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: পরজাতি
Transliteration: Porojati
Doctrine: Universal Scope of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: বিদেশী
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 5:9; 7:9; 21:24, 26; 22:2 (‘every nation, tribe, people, language’ and ‘healing of the nations’).
Harp
Approved rendering: বীণা
Transliteration: Bina
Doctrine: Heavenly Worship Liturgy
Original: κιθάρα
Category: Worship
NEW (Revelation). Instrument of heavenly worship (5:8; 14:2; 15:2). Minor association with the Hindu goddess Saraswati’s veena in devotional iconography; clarify generic worship-instrument sense in teaching notes.
Hidden Manna
Approved rendering: গুপ্ত মান্না
Transliteration: Gupto manna
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: τὸ μάννα τὸ κεκρυμμένον
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Christ as spiritual sustenance, echoing Exodus manna (2:17). Requires OT background note.
Israel
Approved rendering: ইস্রায়েল
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 2:14; 7:4; 21:12 (twelve tribes).
Key Of David
Approved rendering: দায়ূদের চাবি
Transliteration: Dayuder chabi
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἡ κλεὶς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Christ’s Davidic, messianic authority to open and shut (3:7).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ঈশ্বরের রাজ্য
Transliteration: Ishshorer Rajyo
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ঈশ্বরের দেশ
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 11:15; 12:10.
Lion Of The Tribe Of Judah
Approved rendering: যিহূদা-বংশের সিংহ
Transliteration: Jihuda-bongsher shingho
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: λέων ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Messianic royal title fulfilling Genesis 49:9-10 (5:5). Requires brief OT background note.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: প্রভাতী তারা
Transliteration: Provati tara
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
NEW (Revelation). Christ’s messianic self-title (2:28; 22:16). Must not be conflated with South Asian astrology (জ্যোতিষ, horoscope ‘star’ reading).
Mystery
Approved rendering: নিগূঢ়তত্ত্ব
Transliteration: Nigurhotottwo
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: রহস্য
NEW (Revelation). Explicit textual signal that an image requires symbolic, Spirit-given interpretation (17:5, 7).
No More Curse
Approved rendering: আর কোনো অভিশাপ থাকবে না
Transliteration: Ar kono obhishap thakbe na
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: οὐκ ἔσται πᾶν κατάθεμα
Category: Eschatology
NEW (Revelation). Reversal of the Genesis 3 curse (22:3). Cross-reference note to Genesis for continuity.
Revelation Apocalypse
Approved rendering: প্রত্যাদেশ
Transliteration: Prottadesh
Doctrine: Inspiration and Closure of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: অ্যাপোক্যালিপ্স
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Covenant
NEW (Revelation). Genre-defining opening word (1:1). Establish as disclosed divine truth, not occult/astrological (জ্যোতিষ) prediction. Do not transliterate as a loanword — ‘অ্যাপোক্যালিপ্স’ carries a secular disaster-film association in contemporary Bengali media.
Scroll Book
Approved rendering: পুস্তক
Transliteration: Pustok
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: গ্রন্থ
Original: βιβλίον
Category: Sovereignty of God over History
NEW (Revelation). God’s sovereign plan for history, sealed until the Lamb alone is worthy to open it (5:1-9; 10:2, 8-10).
Seal Sealing
Approved rendering: সীলমোহর
Transliteration: Silmohor
Doctrine: Sealing and Protection of Believers
Original: σφραγίς / σφραγίζω
Category: Sovereignty of God over History
NEW (Revelation). Divine authorization on the scroll (5:1-9; 6:1-12; 8:1) and divine ownership/protection on believers’ foreheads (7:2-8; 9:4).
Sign Apocalyptic
Approved rendering: চিহ্ন
Transliteration: Chihno
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: σημεῖον
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW (Revelation). Revelatory/miraculous symbol (σημεῖον), distinct from ছাপ (mark_of_the_beast, χάραγμα) — 12:1, 3; 13:13-14; 15:1. Must remain a distinct lexical item from ছাপ.
Throne
Approved rendering: সিংহাসন
Transliteration: Shinghason
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
NEW (Revelation). Pervasive image (~40+ occurrences). Minor risk of enthroned-deity iconography association in illustrated materials; text-only risk lower. One-time framing note sufficient.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: জীবন বৃক্ষ
Transliteration: Jibon brikkho
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
NEW (Revelation). Render identically at 2:7; 22:2, 14, 19.
Twelve Gates And Foundations
Approved rendering: বারো দরজা, বারো ভিত্তিমূল
Transliteration: Baro dorja, baro bhittimul
Doctrine: Universal Scope of Salvation
NEW (Revelation). Symbolic union of OT covenant people (12 tribes) and NT apostolic foundation (21:12-14) — ties Unity of Jews and Gentiles forward into the consummation.
Low Risk Terms
Bowl
Approved rendering: বাটি
Transliteration: Bati
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Rejected alternatives: পাত্র
Original: φιάλη
Category: Judgment
NEW (Revelation). Vessel of God’s final series of judgments (chs. 15-16).
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: গোগ ও মাগোগ
Transliteration: Gog o Magog
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Γωγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
NEW (Revelation). From Ezekiel 38-39 (20:8). Requires OT background note; must not be conflated with the distinct Islamic eschatological Ya’juj wa Ma’juj framework despite the shared name.
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: হাল্লিলূয়া
Transliteration: Hallilooiya
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Doxology
Original: Ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship
NEW (Revelation, established transliterated form). Climactic worship exclamation (19:1, 3-4, 6).
Lampstand
Approved rendering: দীপাধার
Transliteration: Dipadhar
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: λυχνία
Category: Church
NEW (Revelation). Symbol of the seven churches as light-bearers (1:12, 20; 2:1).
Liar
Approved rendering: মিথ্যাবাদী
Transliteration: Mithyabadi
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ψευδής
Category: Sin
NEW (Revelation). Antonym-paired with সত্য (‘true,’ v.5) — 21:8, 27; 22:15.
Living Creatures
Approved rendering: জীবন্ত প্রাণী
Transliteration: Jibonto prani
Doctrine: Heavenly Worship Liturgy
Original: ζῷα
Category: Church
NEW (Revelation). The four angelic worship-leaders (4:6-9; 5:6-14; 6:1-8; 15:7). Must be kept distinct from পশু (beast) — do not use the same word for both.
Lukewarm
Approved rendering: কুসুম-গরম
Transliteration: Kusum-gorom
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: χλιαρός
Category: Perseverance
NEW (Revelation). Spiritual apathy (3:16).
Michael
Approved rendering: মীখায়েল
Transliteration: Mikhayel
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict with Satan
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Cosmic Conflict
NEW (Revelation). Proper name, the archangel of 12:7.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ভাববাণী
Transliteration: Bhabbani
Doctrine: Inspiration and Closure of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: গণনা
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The genre-designation of the whole book (1:3; 22:7, 10, 18-19).
Prophet
Approved rendering: ভাববাদী
Transliteration: Bhabbadi
Doctrine: Inspiration and Closure of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: জ্যোতিষী
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 10:7; 11:10, 18; 16:6; 18:20, 24; 22:6, 9.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ধন্যবাদ
Transliteration: Dhonnobad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Doxology
Inherited from Romans package. Used in doxological refrains, e.g. 7:12.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: তূরী
Transliteration: Turi
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Sovereignty of God over History
NEW (Revelation). Signal of unfolding divine judgment (chs. 8-9, 11).
Referenced passages